Search

Japan is becoming a super-aging society, where there are concerns regarding traffic accidents caused by elderly drivers. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a human–machine interface (HMI) for assessing elderly drivers' behaviour. The drivers' behaviour was investigated when a pedestrian crossed while the drivers turned right at intersections and drove on straight roads, with vehicles travelling in the left lane. We investigated 16 elderly participants by using a driving simulator. The results indicated that the display of pedestrian information increased the closest distance of the vehicle to the crossing pedestrian. Moreover, time to collision increased under conditions where there were three preceding vehicles turning right at an intersection or driving straight on a straight road. In the questionnaire, most participants answered that the HMI was helpful. These findings can serve as the basis while designing an HMI that encourages elderly drivers to notice pedestrians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the cyclists' decision making behavior is measured and analyzed. The cyclists' decision state are considered to be expressed by operations of pedal and brake. In order to discriminate the pedaling state, a special force sensor was attached on the pedal of the cycling simulator. Then, the cyclists' decision making model was constructed by logistic regression model using the data measured by the cycling simulator. Finally, the accuracy of the model was analyzed and verified. It was found that the proposed model is useful for virtual simulation and/or design of autonomous vehicle, which need interactive behavior model of cyclists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New vehicles are required to have advanced emergency braking systems. Additionally, collision evasive lateral manoeuvre systems are gaining attention to further reduce traffic accidents. However, there are few studies on driver acceptance of collision evasive lateral manoeuvre systems, this study constructs a system on a driving simulator and examines the interference between the system support and driver operation. As a result, the following conclusions were reached. The avoidance rate with collision evasive lateral manoeuvre systems are higher than without the systems. However, for the type of system in which the system automatically initiates steering avoidance, there were several trials that could not be avoided because the driver restrained the steering wheel. On the other hand, in some trials, the driver's steering operation did not initiate steering avoidance, resulting in unavoidable situations due to delayed start timing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union (EU) has mandated the installation of the driver drowsiness and attention warning systems (DDAW) in motor vehicles. DDAW must be approved based on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). To validate the Japanese version of the KSS conforming to EU law, participants rated the KSS while performing the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) and a simulated driving task, during measurement of sleepiness measures. All of the correlation coefficients between the KSS and the sleepiness measures were significant in both the PVT and simulated driving task. These results support the construct validity of the Japanese version of the KSS as a sleepiness measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous highway merging is one of the challenges for achieving “High Driving Automation”. This study aims to investigate human driver behavior when manually merging into a highway with different traffic speeds and densities for the development of safe autonomous merging. Using a driving simulator, we designed various merging situations based on real-world highway settings in Japan. Considering the UN Regulation (No. 157) for Automated Lane Keeping Systems (ALKS), we examined the feasibility of autonomous merging when applying the current vehicle lane change requirements and further examined human driving characteristics for autonomous highway merging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated vehicles are expected to be as a mobility service for securing transportation in rural area of Japan as the communities age. As a first step, this study analyzed the unsafe overtaking cases between a low-speed automated service car and its following on the obtained results and investigated the following driver’s judgement on his/her overtaking and understanding toward the intention when using an external HMI and lateral driving position of an automated service car near curve sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to mitigate injuries caused by pedal misapplication accidents involving elderly drivers through the traffic accident analysis. The results revealed that, compared to younger drivers, elderly drivers had a higher proportion of pedal misapplication accidents in the following situations: in parking lots, with two or more collision marks on their own vehicles, during reversals, and with impacts to pedestrians or objects. Additionally, the impacted pedestrians tended to result in more serious injuries. Therefore, the development and widespread adoption of the acceleration control system for pedal error, which can effectively operate in such situations and mitigate injuries, are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our previous research showed that it is important to project a visual target on fovea centralis stably for good dynamic visual acuity while riding in a car. In this research, to enable a numerical evaluation about dynamic visual acuity in a car, we propose a new single eye movement model based on physiological knowledge about eye movement. Our eye movement model has three characteristics as follows: (i) to stabilize eye motion by feedforward controllers using head motions, (ii) to decrease a retinal slip by feedback controller using the difference between a future position of visual target and current eye position, (iii) to estimate model parameters by regression equation of variance of head rotational angular velocity. And we show effectiveness of our proposed model by validation using the comparison between numerical result and experimental result of eye movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The framing effect is a phenomenon in which a change in the way the conditions are presented can significantly change the decision-making process, even if the presented conditions are objectively equivalent. It has been reported that negative framing tends to lead to stronger motivation. The purpose of this study is to examine the alerts that promotes safe driving. We investigated the effects of pre-driving and in-driving alerts on driving behavior. As a result, it was confirmed that alerts using negative frames, rather than positive frames, before driving and in the pause-situation could promote more cautious driving behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A purpose of this study is to model ocular movement for stabilization with eyes and is to enable an evaluation about visibility due to the instability of eyes based on the model. Relations of visual acuity with retinal slip have been formulated in this paper. The dynamic visual acuity and the ocular movement of a participant seated on a 6-axes motion base have been measured simultaneously under whole-body vibration. As the result, the relation of the dynamic acuity with the retinal slip under the random input ( acceleration of the 6-axes motion base floor : ±0.5 m/s², ±1.0 m/s² ) is according to V = V0 + 0.35 * S / (14.6 + S), where V is the dynamic visual acuity, V0 is the static visual acuity and S is the ratio of the visual target image on the retina beyond the central fovea range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance a driving experience, we focused on the driver's perceived sense of vehicular control, such as a sense of unity in driving. This study explores the relationship between the perception and vehicle characteristics or driver's attributes. In the experiment, participants were divided into three groups by their frequency of driving and performed some tasks on a driving simulator under conditions of delayed visual response, followed by a sensory evaluation questionnaire. The results show that visual response delay and individual driving frequency affect the formation of a sense of unity in driving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored multitasking among elderly drivers, whose cognitive function declines with age. Experiment 1 demonstrated that elderly drivers struggled more with simultaneous calculation and driving tasks compared to younger drivers. Experiment 2 analyzed individuals unaffected by multitasking and found that the elderly drivers in this group experienced more mind-wandering when driving alone. The findings highlight the unique challenges faced by elderly drivers in managing multitasking situations, providing insights into their cognitive demands and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We proposed a method to evaluate the degree of safe driving based on a cognitive test utilizing the Trail Making Test-J Part B (TMT-J) and a minimum TTC using a driving simulator. We also proposed a training program to acquire compensatory behavior through metacognition. The effectiveness of these methods was tested on 30 elderly drivers. It was confirmed that a combination of TMT-J and driving ability was effective in judging safe driving. In addition, the use of charts comparing driving ability with others and a bird's-eye view of driving improved metacognitive abilities and realized compensatory behaviors for safe driving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to handle free speech while driving, we constructed spoken dialogue system combining a question-and-answer database and a large-scale language model. We analyzed user behavior and the usefulness of the system by collecting utterances using an actual vehicle. Among the utterances that could not be answered by the conventional system, the large-scale language model was able to respond to more than half of them. This indicated the effectiveness of the introduction of the large-scale language model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we proposed the information provision systems using icons shown on the meter cluster and guide lights shown on the road surface as a speed adjustment support to encourage smooth merging behavior by drivers traveling on the main road using ACC. To verify the effectiveness of two types of information provision systems, an experiment was conducted with 26 participants using Virtual Reality headset-based Driving Simulator (VRDS). It was found that the icons and the guide lights assisted judgment of acceleration and deceleration behavior, and enabled smooth merging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous driving is expected to solve various other social issues, as well as increase the international competitiveness of the automobile industry. It is difficult for autonomous driving to deal with unexpected situations. Therefore, remote driving is expected to serve as a backup in such situations. In a remote-controlled vehicle system, a pilot is affected by lack of physical sensation and communication delays of camera images. It is necessary to evaluate the driving characteristics and driving load of a remote vehicle pilot. This study aims to clarify the effects of communication delays of camera images in the speed ranges of 20 km/h and 50 km/h on the driving characteristics and driving load of the remote pilot based on physiological signals using driving simulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The modern aircraft cockpit has evolved into a complex system of systems. Numerous performance evaluation metrics and techniques exist that can measure the effectiveness of cockpit components in terms of how they influence the human operator's ability to perform tasks relevant to mission success. As no prior review of these metrics has been found in the literature, this effort attempts to do so, albeit without applying the metrics to a novel cockpit evaluation. METHODS: These metrics and techniques are discussed and presented in five defined categories as they relate to evaluating cockpit subsystems: ergonomics and anthropometrics; human-computer interaction; data management and presentation; crew resource management and operations; and ingress and egress. DISCUSSION: While this effort is significant and novel, it is not necessarily comprehensive. In conclusion, it is noted that no single holistic quantitative metric to evaluate cockpit design and performance yet exists. Utilizing some of the preexisting metrics presented to develop such a metric would be beneficial in efforts to evaluate aircraft cockpit designs and performance, as well as aiding future cockpit designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperative recognition has been proposed as a method for human-automation cooperation in autonomous driving. In cooperative recognition, when assigning tasks to operators (i.e., request intervention), it is necessary to consider not only driving safety and efficiency but also human capabilities. In this study, we optimize the intervention request planning by formulating the problem with a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process. We evaluated the proposed method with a simple simulation to discuss the validity of the method and obtained the implications for future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the challenging issues in V2X system to help prevent Car-to-Bicyclist crashes is the information reliability, to be more specific, for the cases where cars do not encounter bicyclists owing to their sudden direction change (false positive) or for those where cars encounter bicyclists with no signal transmission (true negative). Car drivers' acceptance was investigated to understand the influence of the extent of false positive and that of true negative. To reduce adverse effect by highly relying on receiving the information, an extra investigation aiming to maintain driving attention by offering the fundamental traffic circumstance risk was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To discuss the causes of pedal misapplication accidents, we analyzed primary party drivers' number of pedal misapplication accidents in the past decade using the Japan Traffic Accident General Database. We examined the relationship between factors such as road types and driving movements and compared them between elderly and non-elderly drivers. When the effects of traffic exposure were offset by using the number of secondary parties in rear-end collisions, it was confirmed that elderly drivers over the age of 75 were particularly more likely to be involved in pedal misapplication accidents relative to their traffic exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changing lanes on busy roads requires interacting with surrounding vehicles, which is difficult for autonomous driving. In this study, we separated the process of changing lanes during congestion into the following steps: (1) identification of entry position, (2) display of intention, and (3) judgment of entry possibility. On actual congested roads, we measured the driving behavior of multiple skilled drivers changing lanes and clarified qualitative and quantitative characteristics of each step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to quantify driver ride comfort due to changes in damper characteristics between comfort mode and sport mode, considering the vehicle’s inertial behavior. The comfort of riding in an automobile has been evaluated in recent years on the basis of a subjective sensory evaluation given by the driver. However, reflecting driving sensations in design work to improve ride comfort is abstract in nature and difficult to express theoretically. Therefore, we evaluated the human body’s effects while driving scientifically by quantifying the driver’s behavior while operating the steering wheel and the behavior of the automobile while in motion using physical quantities. To this end, we collected driver and vehicle data using a motion capture system and vehicle CAN and IMU sensors. We also constructed a three-dimensional musculoskeletal mathematical model to simulate driver movements and calculate the power and amount of energy per unit of time used for driving the joints and muscles of the human body. Here, we used comfort mode and sport mode to compare damper characteristics in terms of hardness. In comfort mode, damper characteristics are soft and steering stability is mild, but vibration from the road is not easily transmitted to the driver making for a lighter load on the driver. In sport mode, on the other hand, damper characteristics are hard and steering stability is comparatively better. Still, vibration from the road is easily transmitted to the driver, which makes it easy for a load to be placed on the driver. As a result of this comparison, it was found that a load was most likely to be applied to the driver’s neck. This result in relation to the neck joint can therefore be treated as an objective measure for quantifying ride comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The camera that monitors bus drivers5 glance behavior and pose must be placed behind the steering-\sdieel to avoid obstructing driver's view. The problem is that the steering-wheel occludes part of driver's body, which would reduce the accuracy of driver's pose estimation. In this study, we propose an approach to estimate the steering-wheel area by using semantic segmentation and remove this area from the image by using Image Inpainting. Our experimental results showed that the accuracy of pose estimation could be improved and using Pluralistic Image Completion (PIC) for removing the steering wheel had the best results. In addition, the experimental results showed that adjusting the variable z of PIC before driving can detect posture with higher accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to develop an online driving abnormality detection system based on a data-driven approach. It assumes that driving abnormalities are reflected in vehicle acceleration and attempts to estimate the parameters of a non-linear intelligent driver model (IDM) by using a dual particle filter (DPF). For normal driving, DPF can accurately reproduce acceleration by estimating only two of the five model parameters and assuming the remaining parameters are constant. However, if there were situations that could not be reproduced accurately with only two parameter estimates, it can be defined that the driving behavior was so unusual and far from normal that the remaining three parameters cannot be treated as constants. Numerical analysis of the data collected in the driving simulator experiment showed that abnormal driving was significantly detected regardless of the hazardous situation and that the detection sensitivity was high and accurate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the previous study, we developed a risk assessment test using a touch panel display, and attempted to measure self-monitoring ability based on the relationship between actual performance and its self-estimation. In this paper, in addition to this, we examined the relationship between the intention to compensate by velocity selection and the actual driving behavior on the road. In this study we increased the number of participants. In addition to this, a certified driving instructor rode along with the participants to evaluate their driving. Actual performance on the risk assessment test was uncorrelated with self-estimation of the test result. The self-estimation of the test result and the velocity considered appropriate for driving the same road again on the test were also uncorrelated. On the other hand, there was a significant correlation between the appropriate velocity selected on the test and the number of times the instructor rated the velocity as inappropriate. An analysis of variance of the two factors, with the adequacy of the self-assessment and the duration of the TMT-B time required as factors, revealed a significant interaction, with the group whose TMT-B time required exceeded 33.4 seconds (Median) and whose self-estimation deviated from the actual performance by more than 10% having significantly lower instructor driving score than the other groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed on some instruments or agencies that implemented in constracting the community engineering in Orwell's Nineteen Eighty Four, describe the logic used and present the community engineering carried out the novel. The writer then uses library research and sosiology literature as method in analyzing the novel. The data were collected by using note taking technique which exists in Nineteen Eighty-Four accord with the pages. Then, all the quotation classified and analyzed based on the case that had been around by each moment/event in that novel. After doing the considerable study, the writer finds basically the bad effect of human engineering to the society. The over control by agents were bringing individuals' loss of human nature and a critical thinking faculty and the diminished capacity for self-expression. So, finally the human being is not exists as a human with high level values, in fact in this novel, human is less than the animal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]