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In order to study the relationship between surface potential distribution and destruction localization of the coal sample, the distribution law of strain field and surface potential of coal samples were tested under load. The relationship between surface potential field and strain localization & fracture of coal samples was studied and analyzed. Results show that the coal samples show obvious strain localization characteristics in deformation and failure process, the strain localization concentrated area is the severe damage and fracture part of coal samples, and the strain localization zones is usually the fracture location of coal samples. The distribution character of surface potential field of coal samples during deformation and fracture is similar to the strain field, the potential field will be centralized in the damage localization area, the connection between the points of high potential and low potential reflects the rupture section of coal samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]