Search

Magnesium composites are next-generation lightweight materials for aerospace and military industries. However, the complex shape components of magnesium composites cannot be designed at ambient temperature, therefore, they need to be processed at elevated temperatures. Generally, material at elevated temperatures displays superplasticity. It is more interesting that magnesium composites exhibite high strain rate superplasticity compared to aluminum alloys. Therefore, this review article sheds light on the superplastic deformation behavior of magnesium composites fabricated by different routes. Further, the stress-energy, cavitation nucleation and its impact on the elongation to fracture have been explored. At the end of the review article, some terrifying unresolved subjects have been addressed, so that their potential use can be enhanced as complex shape components.

In cancer, complex genome rearrangements and other structural alterations, including the amplification of oncogenes on circular extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) elements, drive the formation and progression of tumors. ecDNA is a particularly challenging structural alteration. By untethering oncogenes from chromosomal constraints, it elevates oncogene copy number, drives intratumoral genetic heterogeneity, promotes rapid tumor evolution, and results in treatment resistance. The profound changes in DNA shape and nuclear architecture generated by ecDNA alter the transcriptional landscape of tumors by catalyzing new types of regulatory interactions that do not occur on chromosomes. The current suite of tools for interrogating cancer genomes is well suited for deciphering sequence but has limited ability to resolve the complex changes in DNA structure and dynamics that ecDNA generates. Here, we review the challenges of resolving ecDNA form and function and discuss the emerging tool kit for deciphering ecDNA architecture and spatial organization, including what has been learned to date about how this dramatic change in shape alters tumor development, progression, and drug resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enabling completely universal coverage, the space-ground communication system integration is one of the most important aspects in the fifth generation (5G) or even the next 6G wireless communications, which significantly benefits railways whose transportation lines always cross diverse environments. Based on this observation, to achieve seamless coverage for environment-diverse high-speed railways (HSRs), by leveraging the control/user-plane (C/U-plane) decoupling and cloud radio access network (C-RAN) technologies, we propose a space-ground integrated cloud railway network consisting of space and ground cloud layers, where in the space, baseband units (BBUs) of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites are collected and centrally-managed by geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites. To improve the mobility support and take advantage of the stable and ultra-wide terrestrial coverage of GEO satellites, we establish an additional backup space C-plane (BS-C-plane) connection between trains and GEO satellites. Under this architecture with diverse network resources, we develop a safety-oriented resource allocation scheme based on both the resource allocation priority of safety services and the network handover costs to deliver the safety-oriented services. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can always meet the transmission requirements for safety services in HSRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homogeneously staining regions (HSR) or double minute chromosomes (dmin) are autonomously replicating extra-chromosomal elements that are frequently associated with gene amplification in a variety of cancers. The diagnosis of leukemia patients was based on characterization of the leukemic cells obtained from bone marrow cytogenetics. This study report two cases, one with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia without maturation (AML-M1), aged 23-year-old female, and the other with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)-blast crisis, a 28-year-old female associated with double minute chromosomes. Most cases of acute myeloid leukemia with dmin in the literature (including our cases) have been diagnosed as having acute myeloid leukemia.

Abstract: The present work investigated the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of ternary Zn–22wt.%Al–x wt.%Ag (x =1.0 and 4.24wt.% Ag) alloys. The aim is to advance in the understanding of the relationship that takes place between the tension at strain rates from 1×10−5 to 10s−1 at 230°C, and silver content. The microstructure of the x =1.0wt.% Ag alloy consisted of two solid solutions, an α-aluminum solid solution and a η-zinc solid solution. In the x =4.24wt.% Ag alloy, an intermetallic AgZn3 compound was present in addition to the α and η solid solutions. The presence of silver proved to have great influence on the resultant stress versus strain rate curve, which showed high values of elongation at high strain rate superplasticity (HSRS). The experimental results suggested that the origin of HSRS was related to microstructural refinement which, in turn, was produced by the silver content. The microstructures of the alloys under study were observed in deformed and undeformed samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray analysis was used to investigate the deformation mechanisms involved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Homogeneously staining regions (HSR) or double minute chromosomes (dmin) are autonomously replicating extra-chromosomal elements that are frequently associated with gene amplification in a variety of cancers. The diagnosis of leukemia patients was based on characterization of the leukemic cells obtained from bone marrow cytogenetics. This study report two cases, one with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia without maturation (AML-M1), aged 23-year-old female, and the other with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)-blast crisis, a 28-year-old female associated with double minute chromosomes. Most cases of acute myeloid leukemia with dmin in the literature (including our cases) have been diagnosed as having acute myeloid leukemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]