Search

Background: Previous studies indicated that glucosamine supplements may have a general anticancer effect. This study aimed to assess whether the potential effect differs across different types of cancers in a large prospective cohort study. Methods: All participants from the UK Biobank who were free of cancers and had complete information on glucosamine use at baseline were included and followed up from 2006 until 2021. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between regular glucosamine use and different site-specific cancers. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential interactions. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the main findings. Results: A total of 450,207 eligible participants (mean age: 56.2 years; females: 53.3%) were included, of whom 84,895 (18.9%) reported regular glucosamine use at baseline. During a median of 12.5 years follow-up, glucosamine use was significantly associated with an increased risk of overall cancer [HR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.06], skin cancer (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07–1.15), and prostate cancer (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01–1.13), and with a reduced risk of lung cancer (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79–0.97) after adjusting for potential confounders. Statistical interaction was observed for gender, age, and education for the association of glucosamine use with overall cancer risk (all Pinteraction Conclusions: Regular glucosamine use was associated with lower risk of lung cancer but higher risk of skin cancer, prostate cancer, and overall cancer. Impact: The roles of glucosamine use potentially differ in the development of different site-specific cancers.

Supplementary Table S3 shows baseline characteristics of all study participants and those included in the main analysis.

Supplementary Figure S2 shows subgroup analyses for the association between glucosamine use and incidence of lung cancer.

Background:Previous studies indicated that glucosamine supplements may have a general anticancer effect. This study aimed to assess whether the potential effect differs across different types of cancers in a large prospective cohort study.Methods:All participants from the UK Biobank who were free of cancers and had complete information on glucosamine use at baseline were included and followed up from 2006 until 2021. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between regular glucosamine use and different site-specific cancers. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential interactions. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the main findings.Results:A total of 450,207 eligible participants (mean age: 56.2 years; females: 53.3%) were included, of whom 84,895 (18.9%) reported regular glucosamine use at baseline. During a median of 12.5 years follow-up, glucosamine use was significantly associated with an increased risk of overall cancer [HR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.06], skin cancer (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07–1.15), and prostate cancer (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01–1.13), and with a reduced risk of lung cancer (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79–0.97) after adjusting for potential confounders. Statistical interaction was observed for gender, age, and education for the association of glucosamine use with overall cancer risk (all Pinteraction Conclusions:Regular glucosamine use was associated with lower risk of lung cancer but higher risk of skin cancer, prostate cancer, and overall cancer.Impact:The roles of glucosamine use potentially differ in the development of different site-specific cancers.

In this paper, we consider the existence of analytic invariant curves of an iterative equation $$f(f(x)) = x{{\rm{e}}^{a - x - f(x)}}$$ which arises from Ricker-type second-order equation. By reducing the equation with the Schroder transformation to an auxiliary equation, the author discusses not only that the parameter at resonance, i.e., at a root of the unity, but also the parameter near resonance under the Brjuno condition.

In this paper, we determine the complex-valued solutions of the functional equation $$\begin{aligned} f(x\alpha \sigma (y))+h(\tau (y)x)=2f(x)k(y) \end{aligned}$$for all $$x,y\in G$$, where G is a group, $$\alpha \in G$$ is a fixed element and $$\sigma ,\tau :G\rightarrow G$$ are involutions.

Schauder’s fixed point theorem and the Banach contraction principle are used to study the polynomial-like iterative functional equation $$\begin{aligned} \lambda _1f(x)+\lambda _2f^2(x)+\cdots +\lambda _n f^n(x)=F(x). \end{aligned}$$ We give sufficient conditions for the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the periodic and continuous solutions. We examine the monotonicity, convexity, and differentiability of the solutions of the family \(2f(x)+\lambda f^2(x)=\sin (x)\), (\(\lambda \in [0,1]\)).

In this paper, we use Schauder and Banach fixed point theorem to study the existence, uniqueness and stability of periodic solutions of a class of iterative differential equation $$\begin{aligned} c_0x''(t)+c_1x'(t)+c_2x(t)=x(p(t)+bx(t))+h(t). \end{aligned}$$

Schauder's fixed point theorem and the Banach contraction principle are used to study the polynomial-like iterative functional equation. We give sufficient conditions for the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the strongly convex and strongly concave solutions. Finally, some examples were considered by our results.

In this paper, we use Schauder and Banach fixed point theorems to study the existence, uniqueness and stability of periodic solutions of a class of iterative differential equation $$x'(t)=sum_{m=1}^ksum_{l=1}^infty C_{l, m}(t)(x^{[m]}(t))^l+G(t),$$ where $x^{[m]}(t)$ denotes $m$th iterate of $x(t)$ for $m=1,2, ldots, k.$.

Let (G, ·) be a group, (H, +) be an abelian group, and \({f:G\rightarrow H}\). The second order Cauchy difference of f is $$C^{(2)}f(x,y,z)=f(xyz)-f(xy)-f(yz)-f(xz)+f(x)+f(y)+f(z).$$ The functional equation $$C^{(2)}f(x,y,z)=0$$ is studied. We present its general solution on free groups. Solutions on other selected groups are also given.

To discuss the diagnostic value and possibility to be a dynamic monitoring index of serum sialic acid (SA) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.Serum SA and Epstein-Barr virus-viral coat antigens-IgA (EBV-VCA-IgA) were detected in 50 cases of NPC before treatment, after clinical recovery and recurrence. Healthy adult and patients of benign lesions of head and neck were also detected as controls.SA and EBV-VCA-IgA were positively related significantly in different periods of NPC patients. SA was significantly varied dynamically before and after radiation and chemical therapy in NPC patients. The positive rate of SA was 94.0% (47/50) before treatment, 2.0% (1/50) after clinical recovery, 96.2% (25/26) in recurrent patient and 4.2% (1/24) in patients without recurrence. The reaction of EBV-VCA-IgA was slow and its corresponding positive rates were 90.0%, 90.0%, 84.6%, 0% and 75.0% respectively. The sensitivity of SA in pre-treated NPC patients was 94.0%, higher than EBV-VCA-IgA (90.0%). The specificity of serum SA was 93.0% in this series, lower than that of EBV-VCA-IgA (96.0%).Dynamic detections of serum SA combined with EBV-VCA-IgA can be used as indices in dictating the changes in NPC patients and screening of high-risk population, judgment of curative effect and prediction of prognosis.