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3. Verbreitung und Habitatansprüche von Haselhuhn (Tetrastes bonasia), sowie Birkhuhn (Lyrurus tertrix) und Auerhuhn (Tetrao urogallus) an der Nordkette bei Innsbruck (Karwendel, Tirol)

Author

Hosp, Michael Werner and Hosp, Michael Werner

Abstract

Die in dieser Arbeit präsentierten Raufußhühner, das Birkhuhn (Lyrurus tetrix), das Haselhuhn (Tetrastes bonasia) und das Auerhuhn (Tetrao urogallus) reagieren empfindlich auf Störung durch den Menschen, wie zum Beispiel Schifahrer und Wanderer (Zbinden & Blattner 1998, Thiel et al. 2008, Thiel et al. 2011, Storch 2013, Immitzer et al. 2014, Coppes et al. 2017, Matysek et al. 2020). Diese drei Vogelarten sind in Europa, vor allem außerhalb der Alpen, hauptsächlich durch den Verlust und Fragmentierung ihrer Lebensräume bedroht (Åberg et al. 2000, Storch 2007). Für den Schutz dieser Arten ist deshalb ein aktueller Wissensstand zu deren Verbreitung, die Habitatpräferenz und störende Einflüsse unerlässlich. Aus diesem Grund wird in dieser Masterarbeit von den drei Raufußhühnern präferenzierte Lebensraum in den Untersuchungsgebieten gesucht. Die Daten und Ergebnisse dieser Masterarbeit sollen später auch als wissenschaftliche Grundlage für eine zukünftige Besucherlenkung der Stadt Innsbruck herangezogen werden. Die 21 Untersuchungsflächen (7 Haselhuhnflächen, 9 Brikhuhnflächen und 5 Auerhuhnflächen) liegen im Karwendel, an der der Stadt Innsbruck zugewandten Seite zwischen Rauschbrunnen und der Arzler Alm, dem Gleirschtal rund um die Möslalm, bei der Jagdhütte Runboden im Mandltal (Angertal) und rund um die Pfeishütte. Dafür wurden in den Gebieten, in denen ein Haselhuhnvorkommen vermutet wird, drei Begehungen mittels einer Schleifentaxierung zwischen April und Juni vorgenommen und im Mai, Juni und zwischen Oktober und November eine Revierkartierung unter Einsatz einer Gesangattrappe gemacht. In den Gebieten mit einem vermuteten Auerhuhn- und Birkhuhnvorkommen wurde nur einmal eine Schleifentaxierung vorgenommen. Zur Erfassung der Lebensräume, Pflanzenarten und der topologischen Parameter in den Gebieten wurden alle Gebiete nochmals zwischen August und November untersucht. Mit der Berechnung des Spearman-Korrelation-Koeffizienten und einer Regressionsanalyse werden Zusam, The grouse presented in this work the hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia), the black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) and the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) react sensitively to disturbances by human activity, such as skiing and hiking (Zbinden & Blattner 1998, Thiel et al. 2008, Thiel et al. 2011, Storch 2013, Immitzer et al. 2014, Coppes et al. 2017, Matysek et al. 2020). In Europe, especially outside the Alps, these three bird species are mainly threatened by the loss and fragmentation of their habitats (Åberg et al. 2000, Storch 2007). To protect these species, it is therefore essential to have up-to-date knowledge of their distribution, habitat preference and disruptive influences. For this reason, the preferred habitat of the three grouse is sought in the study areas in this master’s thesis. The data and results from this master's thesis will later be used as a scientific basis for future hiking management by the city of Innsbruck. The 21 study areas are located in the Karwendel, a mountain range in Austria, north of the city of Innsbruck. The hazel grouse areas are about 4.5 km2, the black grouse areas approximately 5.3 km2 and the capercaillie study sites are about 2.7 km2 in size. On the side facing the city of Innsbruck between the Rauschbrunnen (alpine hut) and the Arzler Alm (alpine hut), the Gleirschtal (Gleirsch-Valley) around the Möslalm (alpine hut), at the Runboden hunting lodge in the Mandltal (Mandl-Valley) and around the Pfeishütte (alpine hut). In the areas in which a hazel grouse is suspected transect mapping was carried out three times. Each time once in April, May and June. Also, hazel grouse were attracted with a vocal recording of their song in May, June and a third time between October and November. In the areas with a presumed occurrence of capercaillie and black grouse, transect mapping was only done once. To record the habitats and plant species in the areas, all areas were examined again between August and November. To record the topological para, vorgelegt von: Michael Werner Hosp, in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2022

Published
2022

4. The indigenous other in Disney's Moana and Pocahontas

Author

Hosp, Michael Hermann

Abstract

Bedingt durch eine enorme Reichweite übt Disney einen besonders großen Einfluss auf Zuschauer aus, nicht nur was Normen und Werte betrifft, sondern auch im Bereich der Repräsentation von anderen Kulturen und Ethnien. Diese Studie untersucht, wie indigene Andere durch die Disneyfilme Moana (2016) und Pocahontas (1995) dargestellt werden und erforscht die Funktionen dieser Repräsentationen. Die Analyse der Ethnotype der in beiden Filmen dargestellten indigenen Gruppen erfolgt in der Annahme, dass Repräsentationen von indigenen Völkern westliche Bedürfnisse erfüllen und amerikanische Ureinwohner sowie Polynesier im Gegensatz zu einem westlichen Selbst darstellen. Diese Untersuchung basiert auf einer Kombination von theoretischen Konzepten aus der Stereotypforschung, der Imagologie und Othering. Um ein detailliertes Verständnis der Repräsentationen indigener Anderer zu ermöglichen, erfolgt eine intertextuelle Analyse. In der intertextuellen Analyse untersuche ich westliche Diskurse zu amerikanischen Ureinwohnern und Polynesiern und erforsche historische Muster und Funktionen, welche Repräsentationen von indigenen Völkern prägen, wobei ich mich insbesondere auf die Tropen von dem ‚Edlen- und Unedlen Wilden‘ beziehe. Die Analyse des filmischen Texts basiert schließlich auf Faulstichs Modell zur Filmanalyse und wird mit Hilfe der Analyse der Bauformen durchgeführt. Diese Studie belegt, dass Moana und Pocahontas an etablierten Ethnotypen westlicher Diskurse über Polynesier und amerikanische Ureinwohner festhalten. Indigene Andere werden einem westlichen Selbst durch die Konstruktion von Charakteren und mit Hilfe filmischer Mittel, wie Musik, Farben und Kamerawinkel, gegenübergestellt. In beiden Filmen überwiegen Bilder von ‚Edlen- und Unedlen Wilden‘, welche westliche Fantasien über exotische Andere bedienen. Der Tropus des ‚Unedlen Wilden‘ scheint Vorstellungen einer ‚Überlegenheit‘ westlicher ‚Zivilisationen‘ zu transportieren, rechtfertigt dadurch Kolonialismus und Imperialismus und kann als Strategie einer westlichen Vergangenheitsbewältigung interpretiert werden. Idealisierte Repräsentationen zeigen, wie amerikanische Ureinwohner und Polynesier in traditionellen, eng verflochtenen Gemeinschaften und in Harmonie mit der Natur leben. Diese utopischen Darstellungen sind westliche Projektionen und können als Ausdruck von Unzufriedenheit in Bezug auf Modernisierungsprozesse und als Manifestationen von Sorgen bezüglich gegenwärtiger ökologischer Probleme interpretiert werden. Moana und Pocahontas weisen zudem Ambiguitäten auf, da indigene Gemeinschaften nicht nur idealisiert, sondern auch als Hindernisse für den Individualismus der verwestlichten Protagonistinnen dargestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie verdeutlichen, dass Moana und Pocahontas indigene Bevölkerungen in stereotyper Art und Weise als Andere des Westens konstruieren, daher alles andere als harmlos sind und somit mit Vorsicht betrachtet werden sollten., Due to its enormous reach, Disney is extremely influential in shaping the perspective of its audience regarding norms and values as well as ideas about other cultures and ethnicities. This study explores how the indigenous Other is represented in the Disney films Moana (2016) and Pocahontas (1995) and investigates the functions of these representations. The analysis of ethnotypes of indigenous peoples in both movies is conducted under the assumption that representations of indigeneity satisfy Western needs and portray Native Americans and Polynesians in contrast to the Western Self. This study relies on a combination of theoretical concepts from stereotype research, imagology and othering. To provide a detailed understanding of representations of indigenous Others in Moana and Pocahontas, an intertextual analysis is conducted. In the intertextual analysis, I explore Western discourses on Native Americans and Polynesians and examine historical patterns and functions of representations of indigeneity, especially focusing on the tropes of the ‘noble- and ignoble savage’. The textual analysis is based on Faulstich’s film analysis model and is conducted following the approach of compositional analysis. This study confirms that Moana and Pocahontas adhere to established ethnotypes of Western discourses on Polynesians and Native Americans. The indigenous Other is stereotypically juxtaposed with the Western Self through the construction of characters and the use of filmic devices, such as music, colors and camera angels. In both films, images of ‘noble- and ignoble savages’ prevail, catering to Western fantasies about exotic Others. The trope of ‘ignobility’ appears to convey notions of the ‘superiority’ of Western civilizations thereby justifying colonialism and imperialism and can be interpreted as a strategy of coming to terms with historical guilt. Idealized representations show Native Americans and Polynesians living in traditional, intimate communities and in harmony with nature. These utopian images constitute Western projections and can be interpreted as reflections of discontent with modernity and of anxieties regarding current ecological problems. Moana and Pocahontas are also both characterized by ambiguity as they not only idealize indigenous communities but present them as obstacles to the individualism of Westernized protagonists. The results of this study demonstrate that Moana and Pocahontas stereotypically construct indigenous peoples as the West’s Others, are far from innocent and, thus, should be watched cautiously.

Published
2019
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5. UNIPASS – NOVÁ ÉRA VE SVORNÍKOVÁNÍ.

Author

HOSP, MICHAEL

Subjects
GROUT (Mortar), ROCK bolts, TUNNELS, MINERAL industries, TESTING laboratories, BOLTED joints
Abstract

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Published
2020

6. An original phylogenetic approach identified mitochondrial haplogroup T1a1 as inversely associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers

Author

Blein, Sophie, Bardel, Claire, Danjean, Vincent, Mcguffog, Lesley, Healey, Sue, Barrowdale, Daniel, Lee, Andrew, Dennis, Joe, Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B., Soucy, Penny, Terry, Mary Beth, Chung, Wendy K., Goldgar, David E., Buys, Saundra S., Janavicius, Ramunas, Tihomirova, Laima, Tung, Nadine, Dorfling, Cecilia M., van Rensburg, Elizabeth J., Neuhausen, Susan L., Ding, Yuan Chun, Gerdes, Anne Marie, Ejlertsen, Bent, Nielsen, Finn C., Hansen, Thomas V. O., Osorio, Ana, Benitez, Javier, Conejero, Raquel Andrés, Segota, Ena, Weitzel, Jeffrey N., Thelander, Margo, Peterlongo, Paolo, Radice, Paolo, Pensotti, Valeria, Dolcetti, Riccardo, Bonanni, Bernardo, Peissel, Bernard, Zaffaroni, Daniela, Scuvera, Giulietta, Manoukian, Siranoush, Varesco, Liliana, Capone, Gabriele L., Papi, Laura, Ottini, Laura, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Konstantopoulou, Irene, Garber, Judy, Hamann, Ute, Donaldson, Alan, Brady, Angela, Brewer, Carole, Foo, Claire, Evans, D. Gareth, Frost, Debra, Eccles, Diana, Douglas, Fiona, Cook, Jackie, Adlard, Julian, Barwell, Julian, Walker, Lisa, Izatt, Louise, Side, Lucy E., Kennedy, M. John, Tischkowitz, Marc, Rogers, Mark T., Porteous, Mary E., Morrison, Patrick J., Platte, Radka, Eeles, Ros, Davidson, Rosemarie, Hodgson, Shirley, Cole, Trevor, Godwin, Andrew K., Isaacs, Claudine, Claes, Kathleen, De Leeneer, Kim, Meindl, Alfons, Gehrig, Andrea, Wappenschmidt, Barbara, Sutter, Christian, Engel, Christoph, Niederacher, Dieter, Steinemann, Doris, Plendl, Hansjoerg, Kast, Karin, Rhiem, Kerstin, Ditsch, Nina, Arnold, Norbert, Varon Mateeva, Raymonda, Schmutzler, Rita K., Preisler Adams, Sabine, Markov, Nadja Bogdanova, Wang Gohrke, Shan, de Pauw, Antoine, Lefol, Cédrick, Lasset, Christine, Leroux, Dominique, Rouleau, Etienne, Damiola, Francesca, Dreyfus, Hélène, Barjhoux, Laure, Golmard, Lisa, Uhrhammer, Nancy, Bonadona, Valérie, Sornin, Valérie, Bignon, Yves Jean, Carter, Jonathan, Van Le, Linda, Piedmonte, Marion, Disilvestro, Paul A., de la Hoya, Miguel, Caldes, Trinidad, Nevanlinna, Heli, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Jager, Agnes, van den Ouweland, Ans M. W., Kets, Carolien M., Aalfs, Cora M., van Leeuwen, Flora E., Hogervorst, Frans B. L., Meijers Heijboer, Hanne E. J., Oosterwijk, Jan C., van Roozendaal, Kees E. P., Rookus, Matti A., Devilee, Peter, van der Luijt, Rob B., Olah, Edith, Diez, Orland, Teulé, Alex, Lazaro, Conxi, Blanco, Ignacio, Del Valle, Jesús, Jakubowska, Anna, Sukiennicki, Grzegorz, Gronwald, Jacek, Lubinski, Jan, Durda, Katarzyna, Jaworska Bieniek, Katarzyna, Agnarsson, Bjarni A., Maugard, Christine, Amadori, Alberto, Montagna, Marco, Teixeira, Manuel R., Spurdle, Amanda B., Foulkes, William, Olswold, Curtis, Lindor, Noralane M., Pankratz, Vernon S., Szabo, Csilla I., Lincoln, Anne, Jacobs, Lauren, Corines, Marina, Robson, Mark, Vijai, Joseph, Berger, Andreas, Fink Retter, Anneliese, Singer, Christian F., Rappaport, Christine, Kaulich, Daphne Geschwantler, Pfeiler, Georg, Tea, Muy Kheng, Greene, Mark H., Mai, Phuong L., Rennert, Gad, Imyanitov, Evgeny N., Mulligan, Anna Marie, Glendon, Gord, Andrulis, Irene L., Tchatchou, Sandrine, Toland, Amanda Ewart, Pedersen, Inge Sokilde, Thomassen, Mads, Kruse, Torben A., Jensen, Uffe Birk, Caligo, Maria A., Friedman, Eitan, Zidan, Jamal, Laitman, Yael, Lindblom, Annika, Melin, Beatrice, Arver, Brita, Loman, Niklas, Rosenquist, Richard, Olopade, Olufunmilayo I., Nussbaum, Robert L., Ramus, Susan J., Nathanson, Katherine L., Domchek, Susan M., Rebbeck, Timothy R., Arun, Banu K., Mitchell, Gillian, Karlan, Beth Y., Lester, Jenny, Orsulic, Sandra, Stoppa Lyonnet, Dominique, Thomas, Gilles, Simard, Jacques, Couch, Fergus J., Offit, Kenneth, Easton, Douglas F., Chenevix Trench, Georgia, Antoniou, Antonis C., Mazoyer, Sylvie, Phelan, Catherine M., Sinilnikova, Olga M., Cox, David G., Angelakos, Maggie, Maskiell, Judi, Dite, Gillian, Tsimiklis, Helen, Rudaitis, Vilius, Griškevicius, Laimonas, Eglitis, Drs Janis, Krilova, Anna, Stengrevics, Aivars, Ding, Chun, Steele, Linda, Barroso, Alicia, Alonso, Rosario, Pita, Guillermo, Viel, Alessandra, della Puppa, Lara, Barile, Monica, Tommasi, Stefania, Pilato, Brunella, Lambo, Rossana, Martayan, Aline, Tibiletti, Maria Grazia, Ellis, Steve, Fineberg, Elena, Miedzybrodzka, Zosia, Gregory, Helen, Jeffers, Lisa, Ong, Kai Ren, Hoffman, Jonathan, James, Margaret, Paterson, Joan, Taylor, Amy, Murray, Alexandra, Mccann, Emma, Barton, David, Drummond, Sarah, Kivuva, Emma, Searle, Anne, Goodman, Selina, Hill, Kathryn, Murday, Victoria, Bradshaw, Nicola, Snadden, Lesley, Longmuir, Mark, Watt, Catherine, Gibson, Sarah, Haque, Eshika, Tobias, Ed, Duncan, Alexis, Jacobs, Chris, Langman, Caroline, Dorkins, Huw, Serra Feliu, Gemma, Ellis, Ian, Houghton, Catherine, Lalloo, Fiona, Taylor, Jane, Male, Alison, Berlin, Cheryl, Eason, Jacqueline, Collier, Rebecca, Claber, Oonagh, Jobson, Irene, Mcleod, Diane, Halliday, Dorothy, Durell, Sarah, Stayner, Barbara, Shanley, Susan, Rahman, Nazneen, Houlston, Richard, Bancroft, Elizabeth, Page, Elizabeth, Ardern Jones, Audrey, Kohut, Kelly, Wiggins, Jennifer, Castro, Elena, Killick, Emma, Martin, Sue, Rea, Gillian, Kulkarni, Anjana, Quarrell, Oliver, Bardsley, Cathryn, Goff, Sheila, Brice, Glen, Winchester, Lizzie, Eddy, Charlotte, Tripathi, Vishakha, Attard, Virginia, Lehmann, Anna, Lucassen, Anneke, Crawford, Gillian, Mcbride, Donna, Smalley, Sarah, Weaver, Jo Ellen, Bove, Betsy, Verny Pierre, Carole, Calender, Alain, Giraud, Sophie, Léone, Mélanie, Gauthier Villars, Marion, Buecher, Bruno, Houdayer, Claude, Moncoutier, Virginie, Belotti, Muriel, Tirapo, Carole, Bressac de Paillerets, Brigitte, Caron, Olivier, Handallou, Sandrine, Hardouin, Agnès, Berthet, Pascaline, Sobol, Hagay, Bourdon, Violaine, Noguchi, Tetsuro, Remenieras, Audrey, Eisinger, François, Coupier, Isabelle, Pujol, Pascal, Peyrat, Jean Philippe, Fournier, Joëlle, Révillion, Françoise, Vennin, Philippe, Adenis, Claude, Lidereau, Rosette, Demange, Liliane, Nogues, Catherine, Muller, Danièle, Fricker, Jean Pierre, Barouk Simonet, Emmanuelle, Bonnet, Françoise, Bubien, Virginie, Sevenet, Nicolas, Longy, Michel, Toulas, Christine, Guimbaud, Rosine, Gladieff, Laurence, Feillel, Viviane, Rebischung, Christine, Peysselon, Magalie, Coron, Fanny, Faivre, Laurence, Prieur, Fabienne, Lebrun, Marine, Kientz, Caroline, Ferrer, Sandra Fert, Frénay, Marc, Vénat Bouvet, Laurence, Delnatte, Capucine, Mortemousque, Isabelle, Coulet, Florence, Colas, Chrystelle, Soubrier, Florent, Sokolowska, Johanna, Bronner, Myriam, Collonge Rame, Marie Agnès, Damette, Alexandre, Lynch, Henry T., Snyder, Carrie L., Muranen, Taru A., Blomqvist, Drs Carl, Aaltonen, Kirsimari, Erkkilä, Irja, Palola, Virpi, Verhoef, S., Schmidt, M. K., de Lange, J. L., Wijnands, R., Collée, J. M., Hooning, M. J., Seynaeve, C., van Deurzen, C. H. M., Obdeijn, I. M., van Asperen, C. J., Wijnen, J. T., Tollenaar, R. A. E. M., van Cronenburg, T. C. T. E. F., Mensenkamp, A. R., Ausems, M. G. E. M., van Os, T. A. M., Gille, J. J. P., Waisfisz, Q., Gómez Garcia, E. B., Blok, M. J., van der Hout, A. H., Mourits, M. J., de Bock, G. H., Vasen, H. F., Siesling, S., Overbeek, L. I. H., Papp, Janos, Vaszko, Tibor, Bozsik, Aniko, Pocza, Timea, Franko, Judit, Balogh, Maria, Domokos, Gabriella, Ferenczi, Judit, Balmaña, J., Capella, Gabriel, Dumont, Martine, Tranchant, Martine, Peixoto, Ana, Santos, Catarina, Rocha, Patrícia, Pinto, Pedro, Thorne, Heather, Niedermayr, Eveline, Foretova, Lenka, Machackova, Eva, Zikan, Michal, Pohlreich, Petr, Kleibl, Zdenek, Dishon, Sara, Lejbkowicz, Flavio, Pinchev, Mila, Senter, Leigha, Sweet, Kevin, Craven, Caroline, O'Conor, Michelle, Borg, Ake, Olsson, Håkan, Jernström, Helena, Henriksson, Karin, Harbst, Katja, Soller, Maria, Kristoffersson, Ulf, Öfverholm, Anna, Nordling, Margareta, Karlsson, Per, Einbeigi, Zakaria, von Wachenfeldt, Anna, Liljegren, Annelie, Bustinza, Gisela Barbany, Rantala, Johanna, Ardnor, Christina Edwinsdotter, Emanuelsson, Monica, Ehrencrona, Hans, Pigg, Maritta Hellström, Stenmark Askmalm, Marie, Liedgren, Sigrun, Zvocec, Cecilia, Niu, Qun, Seldon, Joyce, Kwan, Lorna, Crawford, Beth, Loranger, Kate, Mak, Julie, Stewart, Nicola, Lee, Robin, Blanco, Amie, Conrad, Peggy, Chan, Salina, Pharoah, Paul D. P., Gayther, Simon, Pye, Carole, Harrington, Patricia, Wozniak, Eva, Lindeman, Geoffrey, Harris, Marion, Delatycki, Martin, Sawyer, Sarah, Driessen, Rebecca, Thompson, Ella, Breast Cancer Family Registry, Null, Embrace, Null, Biostatistiques santé, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Medical Oncology, Clinical Genetics, Radiotherapy, MUMC+: DA KG Lab Specialisten (9), Klinische Genetica, Genetica & Celbiologie, RS: FHML non-thematic output, [ 1 ] Univ Lyon 1, Ctr Rech Cancerol Lyon, CNRS, INSERM U1052,UMR5286, F-69365 Lyon, France [ 2 ] Univ Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France [ 3 ] Univ Lyon 1, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France [ 4 ] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut LBBE Biometrie & Bio, UMR 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France [ 5 ] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Informat Grenoble LIG, Equipe Projet Multiprogrammat & Ordonnancement Re, UMR 5217, F-38041 Grenoble, France [ 6 ] INRIA Rhone Alpes, Equipe Projet MOAIS, F-38334 Saint Ismier, France [ 7 ] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Canc Genet Epidemiol, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England [ 8 ] QIMR Berghofer, Dept Genet & Computat Biol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia [ 9 ] Univ Laval, Ctr Hosp Univ Quebec, Ctr Rech, Charlesbourg, PQ, Canada [ 10 ] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA [ 11 ] Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA [ 12 ] Columbia Univ, Dept Med, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA [ 13 ] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Salt Lake City, UT USA [ 14 ] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Huntsman Canc Inst, Dept Internal Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA [ 15 ] Canc Prevent Inst Calif, Dept Epidemiol, Fremont, CA 94538 USA [ 16 ] Vilnius State Univ, Hosp Santariskiu Clin, Hematol Oncol & Transfus Med Ctr, Vilnius, Lithuania [ 17 ] State Res Inst, Ctr Innovat Med, Dept Mol & Regenerat Med, Vilnius, Lithuania [ 18 ] Latvian Biomed Res & Study Ctr, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia [ 19 ] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA [ 20 ] Univ Pretoria, Dept Genet, ZA-0028 Pretoria, South Africa [ 21 ] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Dept Populat Sci, Duarte, CA 91010 USA [ 22 ] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Clin Genet, Copenhagen, Denmark [ 23 ] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Oncol, Copenhagen, Denmark [ 24 ] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Ctr Genom Med, Copenhagen, Denmark [ 25 ] Spanish Natl Canc Res Ctr CNIO, Human Genet Grp, Madrid, Spain [ 26 ] Ctr Biomed Network Res Rare Dis CIBERER, Madrid, Spain [ 27 ] Hosp Clin Univ Lozano Blesa, Med Oncol Serv, Zaragoza 50009, Spain [ 28 ] Holy Cross Hosp, Michael & Dianne Bienes Comprehens Canc Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA [ 29 ] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Clin Canc Genet Community Res Network, Div Clin Canc Genet, Duarte, CA 91010 USA [ 30 ] John Muir Med Ctr, Walnut Creek, CA USA [ 31 ] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Clin Canc Genet Community Res Network, Duarte, CA 91010 USA [ 32 ] Ist FIRC Oncol Mol IFOM, I-20139 Milan, Italy [ 33 ] Ist Nazl Tumori, IRCCS, Dept Prevent & Predict Med, Unit Mol Bases Genet Risk & Genet Testing, I-20133 Milan, Italy [ 34 ] Cogentech Canc Genet Test Lab, I-20139 Milan, Italy [ 35 ] Ctr Riferimento Oncol CRO, Canc Bioimmunotherapy Unit, I-33081 Aviano, Italy [ 36 ] Ist Europeo Oncol, Div Canc Prevent & Genet, I-20141 Milan, Italy [ 37 ] Ist Nazl Tumori, IRCCS, Dept Prevent & Predict Med, Unit Med Genet, I-20133 Milan, Italy [ 38 ] Azienda Osped Univ San Martino Genova, IST Ist Nazl Ric Cancro, IRCCS, Dept Epidemiol Prevent & Special Funct,Unit Hered, I-16132 Genoa, Italy [ 39 ] FiorGen Fdn Pharmacogen, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy [ 40 ] Univ Florence, Dept Biomed Expt & Clin Sci, Unit Med Genet, Florence, Italy [ 41 ] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Mol Med, I-00185 Rome, Italy [ 42 ] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med Oncol, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece [ 43 ] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, INRASTES, Mol Diagnost Lab, Athens, Greece [ 44 ] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02215 USA [ 45 ] Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum DKFZ, Mol Genet Breast Canc, Heidelberg, Germany [ 46 ] St Michaels Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Bristol BS2 8EG, Avon, England [ 47 ] Kennedy Galton Ctr, North West Thames Reg Genet Serv, Harrow, Middx, England [ 48 ] Royal Devon & Exeter Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Exeter EX2 5DW, Devon, England [ 49 ] Liverpool Womens NHS Fdn Trust, Merseyside & Cheshire Clin Genet Serv, Liverpool L8 7SS, Merseyside, England [ 50 ] Cent Manchester Univ Hosp, NHS Fdn Trust, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Genet Med, Manchester, Lancs, England [ 51 ] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Canc Genet Epidemiol, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Strangeways Res Lab, Cambridge CB1 8RN, England [ 52 ] Univ Southampton, Southampton Univ Hosp, NHS Trust, Fac Med, Southampton SO16 6YD, 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Subjects
Genetic modifiers, Dna haplogroups, endocrine system diseases, Genes, BRCA2, Genes, BRCA1, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], ADN mitocondrial, SUSCEPTIBILITY, VARIANTS, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast Cancer Family Registry, Brjóstakrabbamein, MULTIPLE, Aetiology, skin and connective tissue diseases, Phylogeny, Cancer, ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, education.field_of_study, Variants, SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS, Subclade, Mitochondrial DNA, 3. Good health, ddc, Damage, Oncology, Ovarian, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, DISEASES, Multiple, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9], Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Breast Neoplasms/genetics, EMBRACE, GEMO Study Collaborators, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Urological cancers Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 15], Genetics, Humans, education, Cancer och onkologi, Haplotype, BRCA2, Genes, mitochondrial haplogroup T1a1, breast cancer, BRCA2, Cancer and Oncology, GENETIC MODIFIERS, Polymorphisms, Cancer Research, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.disease_cause, Haplogroup, 610 Medical sciences Medicine, 3123 Gynaecology and paediatrics, Medicine and Health Sciences, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, OXIDATIVE STRESS, Non-U.S. Gov't, Medicine(all), Gen, BRCA1 Protein, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Cohort, OVARIAN, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial, Genes, Mitochondrial, Female, Research Article, Risk, Heterozygote, BRCA1 protein, breast neoplasms, female, genetic predisposition to disease, haplotypes, humans, phylogeny, risk, genes, BRCA2, genes, mitochondrial, heterozygote, mutation, cancer research, oncology, Population, 3122 Cancers, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Breast Neoplasms, Biology, Research Support, Càncer de mama, Breast Cancer, medicine, Journal Article, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, HEBON, 030304 developmental biology, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], CONSORTIUM, African, DNA HAPLOGROUPS, Arfgengi, Haplotypes, Susceptibility, BRCA1 Protein/genetics, Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Abstract

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access. Individuals carrying pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a high lifetime risk of breast cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in DNA double-strand break repair, DNA alterations that can be caused by exposure to reactive oxygen species, a main source of which are mitochondria. Mitochondrial genome variations affect electron transport chain efficiency and reactive oxygen species production. Individuals with different mitochondrial haplogroups differ in their metabolism and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Variability in mitochondrial genetic background can alter reactive oxygen species production, leading to cancer risk. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial haplogroups modify breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. We genotyped 22,214 (11,421 affected, 10,793 unaffected) mutation carriers belonging to the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 for 129 mitochondrial polymorphisms using the iCOGS array. Haplogroup inference and association detection were performed using a phylogenetic approach. ALTree was applied to explore the reference mitochondrial evolutionary tree and detect subclades enriched in affected or unaffected individuals. We discovered that subclade T1a1 was depleted in affected BRCA2 mutation carriers compared with the rest of clade T (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34 to 0.88; P = 0.01). Compared with the most frequent haplogroup in the general population (that is, H and T clades), the T1a1 haplogroup has a HR of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.95; P = 0.03). We also identified three potential susceptibility loci, including G13708A/rs28359178, which has demonstrated an inverse association with familial breast cancer risk. This study illustrates how original approaches such as the phylogeny-based method we used can empower classical molecular epidemiological studies aimed at identifying association or risk modification effects. European Commission Seventh Framework Program 223175: HEALTH-F2-2009-223175 Cancer Research UK C12292/A11174 C1287/A10118 C1287/A11990 C5047/A8385 National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) program National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) American Cancer Society Early Detection Professorship SIOP-06-258-01-COUN Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health UM1 CA164920 Lithuania (BFBOCC-LT): Research Council of Lithuania LIG-07/2012 LSC 10.0010.08 European Social Fund 2009/0220/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/016 Liepaja City Council, Liepaja, Latvia Breast Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA) Morris and Horowitz Families Professorship in Cancer Etiology and Outcomes Research NEYE Foundation Spanish Association against Cancer (Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer) AECC08 Thematic Network Cooperative Research in Cancer (Red Tematica Investigacion Cooperativa en Cancer (RTICC), Centro de Investigacion Cancer, Salamanca, Spain) RTICC 06/0020/1060 Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation FIS PI08 1120 Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (FIS) SAF2010-20493 Fundacion Mutua Madrilena (FMMA) City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Network and the Hereditary Cancer Research Registry (COH-CCGCRN) National Cancer Institute and the Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health RC4CA153828 Italian citizens Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) European Union (European Social Fund (ESF) Greek national funds through the "Education and Lifelong Learning" operational program of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program of the General Secretariat for Research and Technology: ARISTEIA "Heracleitus II: Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund" Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) grant to the Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK NIHR grant to the Biomedical Research Centre at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London University of Kansas Cancer Center P30 CA168524 Kansas Bioscience Authority Eminent Scholar Program Chancellors Distinguished Chair in Biomedical Sciences Professorship German Cancer Aid 109076 Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) Ligue National Contre le Cancer Association "Le cancer du sein, parlons-en!" Award Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer program GOA BOF10/GOA/019 Ghent University Hospital National Cancer Institute grants to the GOG Administrative Office and Tissue Bank CA 27469 GOG Statistical and Data Center CA 37517 GOG's Cancer Prevention and Control Committee CA 101165 Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain RD12/00369/0006 12/00539 European Regional Development Fund (Fonds europeen de developpement regional (FEDER)) funds Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Fund Academy of Finland 266528 Finnish Cancer Society Sigrid Juselius Foundation Dutch Cancer Society NKI1998-1854 NKI2004-3088 NKI2007-3756 Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research NWO 91109024 Pink Ribbon grant 110005 Biobanking and Molecular Resource Infrastructure (BBMRI) NWO 184.021.007/CP46 Hungarian Research and Technological Innovation Fund (KTIA)/Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (Orszagos Tudomanyos Kutatasi Alapprogramok (OTKA)) KTIA-OTKA CK-80745 KTIA-OTKA K-112228 Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO): contract grant sponsor: Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer Spanish Health Research Foundation Ramon Areces Foundation Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Catalan Health Institute Autonomous Government of Catalonia International Hereditary Cancer Center (Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland) PBZ_KBN_122/P05/2004 Icelandic Association "Walking for Breast Cancer Research" Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) for the "CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer" program, Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance 019511 Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade PSR-SIIRI-701 Ministero della Salute and a "5 x 1,000" Istituto Oncologico Veneto grant Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro National Breast Cancer Foundation Queensland Cancer Fund Cancer Councils of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia Cancer Foundation of Western Australia National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the National Cancer Institute (NCI) CA 116167 CA 128978 CA 176785 NCI Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer CA116201 US Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Idea award W81XWH-10-1-0341 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic to Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute MMCI 00209805 European Regional Development Fund State Budget of the Czech Republic (RECAMO) CZ. 1.05/2.1.00/03.0101 Charles University in Prague project UNCE204024 Robert and Kate Niehaus Clinical Cancer Genetics Initiative Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute Westat, Inc, Rockville, MD, USA N02-CP-11019-50 N02-CP-65504 Clalit Health Services in Israel Israel Cancer Association Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF), New York, NY, USA Russian Federation for Basic Research 11-04-00227 12-04-00928 12-04-01490 Federal Agency for Science and Innovations, Russia 02.740.11.0780 Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT) Israeli Inherited Breast Cancer Consortium Swedish Breast Cancer Swedish Cancer Society Ralph and Marion Falk Medical Research Trust Entertainment Industry Fund National Women's Cancer Research Alliance University of California, Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center Foundation: Breast Cancer Research Foundation University of California, San Francisco Cancer Risk Program and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer Research UK University of Pennsylvania: National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 CA102776 R01 CA083855 Susan G Komen for the Cure, Basser Center for BRCA Victorian Familial Cancer Trials Group (VFCTG): Victorian Cancer Agency, Cancer Australia, National Breast Cancer Foundation 5U01 CA113916 R01 CA140323 ISCIIIRETIC RD06/0020/1051 PI09/02483 PI10/01422 PI10/00748 PI13/00285 PI13/00189 2009SGR290 PI13/00189 2009SGR283 CA125183 R01 CA142996 1U01CA161032

Published
2015
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