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1. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and calcifications of the coronary and aortic arteries in adults with prediabetes: Results from the diabetes prevention program outcomes study

Author

Osorio-Yáñez, Citlalli, Sanchez-Guerra, Marco, Cardenas, Andres, Lin, Pi-I D, Hauser, Russ, Gold, Diane R, Kleinman, Ken P, Hivert, Marie-France, Fleisch, Abby F, Calafat, Antonia M, Webster, Thomas F, Horton, Edward S, and Oken, Emily

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Atherosclerosis, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Prevention, Heart Disease, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Arteries, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Environmental Pollutants, Humans, Life Style, Prediabetic State, Risk Factors, PFAS, Coronary artery calcium, Ascending thoracic aortic calcification, Descending thoracic aortic calcification, DPP, DPPOS, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

BackgroundPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are endocrine disrupting chemicals that have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors including elevated body weight and hypercholesterolemia. Therefore, PFAS may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, no previous study has evaluated associations between PFAS exposure and arterial calcification.Methods and resultsThis study used data from 666 prediabetic adults enrolled in the Diabetes Prevention Program trial who had six PFAS quantified in plasma at baseline and two years after randomization, as well as measurements of coronary artery calcium (CAC) and ascending (AsAC) and descending (DAC) thoracic aortic calcification 13-14 years after baseline. We performed multinomial regression to test associations between PFAS and CAC categorized according to Agatston score [low (400)]. We used logistic regression to assess associations between PFAS and presence of AsAC and DAC. We adjusted models for baseline sex, age, BMI, race/ethnicity, cigarette smoking, education, treatment assignment (placebo or lifestyle intervention), and statin use. PFAS concentrations were similar to national means; 53.9% of participants had CAC > 11, 7.7% had AsAC, and 42.6% had DAC. Each doubling of the mean sum of plasma concentrations of linear and branched isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was associated with 1.49-fold greater odds (95% CI: 1.01, 2.21) of severe versus low CAC. This association was driven mainly by the linear (n-PFOS) isomer [1.54 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.25) greater odds of severe versus low CAC]. Each doubling of mean plasma N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid concentration was associated with greater odds of CAC in a dose-dependent manner [OR = 1.26 (95% CI:1.08, 1.47) for moderate CAC and OR = 1.37 (95% CI:1.07, 1.74) for severe CAC, compared to low CAC)]. Mean plasma PFOS and n-PFOS were also associated with greater odds of AsAC [OR = 1.67 (95% CI:1.10, 2.54) and OR = 1.70 (95% CI:1.13, 2.56), respectively], but not DAC. Other PFAS were not associated with outcomes.ConclusionsPrediabetic adults with higher plasma concentrations of select PFAS had higher risk of coronary and thoracic aorta calcification. PFAS exposure may be a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health among high-risk populations.

Published
2021

2. Interaction Between Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Strategies and Genetic Determinants of Coronary Artery Disease on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Author

Merino, Jordi, Jablonski, Kathleen A, Mercader, Josep M, Kahn, Steven E, Chen, Ling, Harden, Maegan, Delahanty, Linda M, Araneta, Maria Rosario G, Walford, Geoffrey A, Jacobs, Suzanne BR, Ibebuogu, Uzoma N, Franks, Paul W, Knowler, William C, Florez, Jose C, Bray, George A, Gadde, Kishore, Chatellier, Annie, Arceneaux, Jennifer, Dragg, Amber, Duncan, Crystal, Greenway, Frank L, Hsia, Daniel, Levy, Erma, Lockett, Monica, Ryan, Donna H, Ehrmann, David, Matulik, Margaret J, Czech, Kirsten, DeSandre, Catherine, Goldstein, Barry J, Furlong, Kevin, Smith, Kellie A, Wildman, Wendi, Pepe, Constance, Goldberg, Ronald B, Calles, Jeanette, Ojito, Juliet, Castillo-Florez, Sumaya, Florez, Hermes J, Giannella, Anna, Lara, Olga, Veciana, Beth, Haffner, Steven M, Hazuda, Helen P, Montez, Maria G, Hattaway, Kathy, Lorenzo, Carlos, Martinez, Arlene, Walker, Tatiana, Hamman, Richard F, Dabelea, Dana, Testaverde, Lisa, Anderson, Denise, Bouffard, Alexis, Jenkins, Tonya, Lenz, Dione, Perreault, Leigh, Price, David W, Steinke, Sheila C, Horton, Edward S, Poirier, Catherine S, Swift, Kati, Caballero, Enrique, Fargnoli, Barbara, Guidi, Ashley, Guido, Mathew, Jackson, Sharon D, Lambert, Lori, Lawton, Kathleen E, Ledbury, Sarah, Sansoucy, Jessica, Spellman, Jeanne, Montgomery, Brenda K, Fujimoto, Wilfred, Knopp, Robert H, Lipkin, Edward W, Morgan-Taggart, Ivy, Murillo, Anne, Taylor, Lonnese, Thomas, April, Tsai, Elaine C, Trence, Dace, Kitabchi, Abbas E, Dagogo-Jack, Samuel, Murphy, Mary E, Taylor, Laura, Dolgoff, Jennifer, Clark, Debra, Ibebuogu, Uzoma, Lambeth, Helen, Ricks, Harriet, Rutledge, Lily MK, Soberman, Judith E, Molitch, Mark E, Metzger, Boyd E, Johnson, Mariana K, Giles, Mimi M, Larsen, Diane, and Pen, Samsam C

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Diabetes, Clinical Research, Atherosclerosis, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Cardiovascular, Heart Disease, Prevention, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Nutrition, Obesity, Metabolic and endocrine, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Artery Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Exercise, Exercise Therapy, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Life Style, Male, Metabolic Syndrome, Metformin, Middle Aged, Prediabetic State, Preventive Health Services, Risk Factors, United States, Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, Medical and Health Sciences, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is more frequent among individuals with dysglycemia. Preventive interventions for diabetes can improve cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs), but it is unclear whether the benefits on CRFs are similar for individuals at different genetic risk for CAD. We built a 201-variant polygenic risk score (PRS) for CAD and tested for interaction with diabetes prevention strategies on 1-year changes in CRFs in 2,658 Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) participants. We also examined whether separate lifestyle behaviors interact with PRS and affect changes in CRFs in each intervention group. Participants in both the lifestyle and metformin interventions had greater improvement in the majority of recognized CRFs compared with placebo (P < 0.001) irrespective of CAD genetic risk (P interaction > 0.05). We detected nominal significant interactions between PRS and dietary quality and physical activity on 1-year change in BMI, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol in individuals randomized to metformin or placebo, but none of them achieved the multiple-testing correction for significance. This study confirms that diabetes preventive interventions improve CRFs regardless of CAD genetic risk and delivers hypothesis-generating data on the varying benefit of increasing physical activity and improving diet on intermediate cardiovascular risk factors depending on individual CAD genetic risk profile.

Published
2020

3. Plasma Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances at Baseline and Associations with Glycemic Indicators and Diabetes Incidence among High-Risk Adults in the Diabetes Prevention Program Trial

Author

Cardenas, Andres, Gold, Diane R, Hauser, Russ, Kleinman, Ken P, Hivert, Marie-France, Calafat, Antonia M, Ye, Xiaoyun, Webster, Thomas F, Horton, Edward S, and Oken, Emily

Subjects
Prevention, Diabetes, Nutrition, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Metabolic and endocrine, Adult, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Blood Glucose, Caprylates, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Pollutants, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Incidence, Environmental Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Toxicology
Abstract

BackgroundSeveral per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous anthropogenic pollutants almost universally detected in humans. Experimental evidence indicates that PFAS alter glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. However, epidemiological studies have yielded inconsistent results.ObjectiveWe sought to examine associations between plasma PFAS concentrations, glycemic indicators, and diabetes incidence among high-risk adults.MethodsWithin the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a trial for the prevention of type 2 diabetes among high-risk individuals, we quantified baseline plasma concentrations of nine PFAS among 957 participants randomized to a lifestyle intervention or placebo. We evaluated adjusted associations for plasma PFAS concentrations with diabetes incidence and key glycemic indicators measured at baseline and annually over up to 4.6 y.ResultsPlasma PFAS concentrations were similar to those reported in the U.S. population in 1999-2000. At baseline, in cross-sectional analysis, a doubling in plasma perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations was associated with higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [βPFOS=0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13, 0.66; βPFOA=0.64; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.94], β-cell function (HOMA-β) (βPFOS=9.62; 95% CI: 1.55, 17.70; βPFOA=15.93; 95% CI: 6.78, 25.08), fasting proinsulin (βPFOS=1.37 pM; 95% CI: 0.50, 2.25; βPFOA=1.71 pM; 95% CI: 0.72, 2.71), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (βPFOS=0.03%; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.07; βPFOA=0.04%; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.07). There was no strong evidence of associations between plasma PFAS concentrations and diabetes incidence or prospective changes in glycemic indicators during the follow-up period.ConclusionsAt baseline, several PFAS were cross-sectionally associated with small differences in markers of insulin secretion and β-cell function. However, there was limited evidence suggesting that PFAS concentrations are associated with diabetes incidence or changes in glycemic indicators during the follow-up period. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1612.

Published
2017

4. Effect of Long-Term Metformin and Lifestyle in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study on Coronary Artery Calcium

Author

Goldberg, Ronald B, Aroda, Vanita R, Bluemke, David A, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Budoff, Matthew, Crandall, Jill P, Dabelea, Dana, Horton, Edward S, Mather, Kieren J, Orchard, Trevor J, Schade, David, Watson, Karol, and Temprosa, Marinella

Subjects
Prevention, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Nutrition, Atherosclerosis, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Heart Disease, Diabetes, Aging, Clinical Research, Adult, Aged, Calcium, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Vessels, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Life Style, Male, Metformin, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, clinical trial [publication type], coronary artery disease, prediabetic state, therapeutics, Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract

BackgroundDespite the reduced incidence of coronary heart disease with intensive risk factor management, people with diabetes mellitus and prediabetes remain at increased coronary heart disease risk. Diabetes prevention interventions may be needed to reduce coronary heart disease risk. This approach was examined in the DPP (Diabetes Prevention Program) and the DPPOS (Diabetes Prevention Program Outcome Study), a long-term intervention study in 3234 subjects with prediabetes (mean±SD age, 64±10 years) that showed reduced diabetes risk with lifestyle and metformin compared with placebo over 3.2 years.MethodsThe DPPOS offered periodic group lifestyle sessions to all participants and continued metformin in the originally randomized metformin group. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed in 2029 participants with coronary artery calcium (CAC) measurements after an average of 14 years of follow-up. The CAC scores were analyzed continuously as CAC severity and categorically as CAC presence (CAC score >0) and reported separately in men and women.ResultsThere were no CAC differences between lifestyle and placebo intervention groups in either sex. CAC severity and presence were significantly lower among men in the metformin versus the placebo group (age-adjusted mean CAC severity, 39.5 versus 66.9 Agatston units, P=0.04; CAC presence, 75% versus 84%, P=0.02), but no metformin effect was seen in women. In multivariate analysis, the metformin effect in men was not influenced by demographic, anthropometric, or metabolic factors; by the development of diabetes mellitus; or by use/nonuse of statin therapy.ConclusionsMetformin may protect against coronary atherosclerosis in prediabetes and early diabetes mellitus among men.Clinical trial registrationURL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00038727.

Published
2017

6. Genetic modulation of lipid profiles following lifestyle modification or metformin treatment: the Diabetes Prevention Program.

Author

Pollin, Toni I, Isakova, Tamara, Jablonski, Kathleen A, de Bakker, Paul IW, Taylor, Andrew, McAteer, Jarred, Pan, Qing, Horton, Edward S, Delahanty, Linda M, Altshuler, David, Shuldiner, Alan R, Goldberg, Ronald B, Florez, Jose C, Franks, Paul W, and Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group

Subjects
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, Humans, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Weight Loss, Metformin, Triglycerides, Lipoproteins, Hypoglycemic Agents, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Risk Factors, Life Style, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Dyslipidemias, Lipid Metabolism, Cholesterol, LDL, Cholesterol, HDL, Genetic Association Studies, Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genetics, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Weight-loss interventions generally improve lipid profiles and reduce cardiovascular disease risk, but effects are variable and may depend on genetic factors. We performed a genetic association analysis of data from 2,993 participants in the Diabetes Prevention Program to test the hypotheses that a genetic risk score (GRS) based on deleterious alleles at 32 lipid-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms modifies the effects of lifestyle and/or metformin interventions on lipid levels and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) lipoprotein subfraction size and number. Twenty-three loci previously associated with fasting LDL-C, HDL-C, or triglycerides replicated (P = 0.04-1 × 10(-17)). Except for total HDL particles (r = -0.03, P = 0.26), all components of the lipid profile correlated with the GRS (partial |r| = 0.07-0.17, P = 5 × 10(-5)-1 10(-19)). The GRS was associated with higher baseline-adjusted 1-year LDL cholesterol levels (β = +0.87, SEE ± 0.22 mg/dl/allele, P = 8 × 10(-5), P(interaction) = 0.02) in the lifestyle intervention group, but not in the placebo (β = +0.20, SEE ± 0.22 mg/dl/allele, P = 0.35) or metformin (β = -0.03, SEE ± 0.22 mg/dl/allele, P = 0.90; P(interaction) = 0.64) groups. Similarly, a higher GRS predicted a greater number of baseline-adjusted small LDL particles at 1 year in the lifestyle intervention arm (β = +0.30, SEE ± 0.012 ln nmol/L/allele, P = 0.01, P(interaction) = 0.01) but not in the placebo (β = -0.002, SEE ± 0.008 ln nmol/L/allele, P = 0.74) or metformin (β = +0.013, SEE ± 0.008 nmol/L/allele, P = 0.12; P(interaction) = 0.24) groups. Our findings suggest that a high genetic burden confers an adverse lipid profile and predicts attenuated response in LDL-C levels and small LDL particle number to dietary and physical activity interventions aimed at weight loss.

Published
2012

8. The Effect of Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes on the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy: The DPP/DPPOS Experience

Author

White, Neil H., Pan, Qing, Knowler, William C., Schroeder, Emily B., Dabelea, Dana, Chew, Emily Y., Blodi, Barbara, Goldberg, Ronald B., Pi-Sunyer, Xavier, Darwin, Christine, Schlögl, Mathias, Nathan, David M., Goldstein, Barry J., Furlong, Kevin, Smith, Kellie A., Mendoza, Jewel, Wildman, Wendi, Simmons, Marsha, Jensen, Genine, Liberoni, Renee, Spandorfer, John, Pepe, Constance, Donahue, Richard P., Prineas, Ronald, Rowe, Patricia, Giannella, Anna, Calles, Jeanette, Sanguily, Juliet, Cassanova-Romero, Paul, Castillo-Florez, Sumaya, Florez, Hermes J., Garg, Rajesh, Kirby, Lascelles, Lara, Olga, Larreal, Carmen, McLymont, Valerie, Mendez, Jadell, Perry, Arlette, Saab, Patrice, Veciana, Bertha, Haffner, Steven M., Hazuda, Helen P., Montez, Maria G., Isaac, Juan, Hattaway, Kathy, Lorenzo, Carlos, Martinez, Arlene, Salazar, Monica, Walker, Tatiana, Hamman, Richard F., Nash, Patricia V., Steinke, Sheila C., Testaverde, Lisa, Truong, Jennifer, Anderson, Denise R., Ballonoff, Larry B., Bouffard, Alexis, Boxer, Rebecca S., Bucca, Brian, Calonge, B. Ned, Delve, Lynne, Farago, Martha, Hill, James O., Hoyer, Shelley R., Jenkins, Tonya, Jortberg, Bonnie T., Lenz, Dione, Miller, Marsha, Nilan, Thomas, Perreault, Leigh, Price, David W., Regensteiner, Judith G., Seagle, Helen, Smith, Carissa M., VanDorsten, Brent, Horton, Edward S., Munshi, Medha, Lawton, Kathleen E., Poirier, Catherine S., Swift, Kati, Jackson, Sharon D., Arky, Ronald A., Bryant, Marybeth, Burke, Jacqueline P., Caballero, Enrique, Callaphan, Karen M., Fargnoli, Barbara, Franklin, Therese, Ganda, Om P., Guidi, Ashley, Guido, Mathew, Jacobsen, Alan M., Kula, Lyn M., Kocal, Margaret, Lambert, Lori, Ledbury, Sarah, Malloy, Maureen A., Middelbeek, Roeland J.W., Nicosia, Maryanne, Oldmixon, Cathryn F., Pan, Jocelyn, Quitingon, Marizel, Rainville, Riley, Rubtchinsky, Stacy, Seely, Ellen W., Sansoucy, Jessica, Schweizer, Dana, Simonson, Donald, Smith, Fannie, Solomon, Caren G., Spellman, Jeanne, Warram, James, Kahn, Steven E., Montgomery, Brenda K., Fattaleh, Basma, Colegrove, Celeste, Fujimoto, Wilfred, Knopp, Robert H., Lipkin, Edward W., Marr, Michelle, Morgan-Taggart, Ivy, Murillo, Anne, O’Neal, Kayla, Trence, Dace, Taylor, Lonnese, Thomas, April, Tsai, Elaine C., Kitabchi, Abbas E., Dagogo-Jack, Samuel, Murphy, Mary E., Taylor, Laura, Dolgoff, Jennifer, Hampton, Ethel Faye, Applegate, William B., Bryer-Ash, Michael, Clark, Debra, Frieson, Sandra L., Ibebuogu, Uzoma, Imseis, Raed, Lambeth, Helen, Lichtermann, Lynne C., Oktaei, Hooman, Ricks, Harriet, Rutledge, Lily M.K., Sherman, Amy R., Smith, Clara M., Soberman, Judith E., Williamsleaves, Beverly, Patel, Avnisha, Nyenwe, Ebenezer A., Metzger, Boyd E., Molitch, Mark E., Wallia, Amisha, Johnson, Mariana K., VanderMolen, Sarah, Adelman, Daphne T., Behrends, Catherine, Cook, Michelle, Fitzgibbon, Marian, Giles, Mimi M., Hartmuller, Monica, Johnson, Cheryl K.H., Larsen, Diane, Lowe, Anne, Lyman, Megan, McPherson, David, Penn, Samsam C., Pitts, Thomas, Reinhart, Renee, Roston, Susan, Schinleber, Pamela A., McKitrick, Charles, Turgeon, Heather, Larkin, Mary, Mugford, Marielle, Thangthaeng, Nopporn, Leander, Fernelle, Abbott, Kathy, Anderson, Ellen, Bissett, Laurie, Bondi, Kristy, Cagliero, Enrico, Florez, Jose C., Delahanty, Linda, Goldman, Valerie, Grassa, Elaine, Gurry, Lindsey, D’Anna, Kali, Leandre, Fernelle, Lou, Peter, Poulos, Alexandra, Raymond, Elyse, Ripley, Valerie, Stevens, Christine, Tseng, Beverly, Olefsky, Jerrold M., Barrettonnor, Elizabeth, Mudaliar, Sunder, Rosario Araneta, Maria, Carrion-Petersen, Mary Lou, Vejvoda, Karen, Bassiouni, Sarah, Beltran, Madeline, Claravall, Lauren N., Dowden, Jonalle M., Edelman, Steven V., Garimella, Pranav, Henry, Robert R., Horne, Javiva, Lamkin, Marycie, Szerdi Janesch, Simona, Leos, Diana, Polonsky, William, Ruiz, Rosa, Smith, Jean, Torio-Hurley, Jennifer, Pi-Sunyer, F. Xavier, Laferrere, Blandine, Lee, Jane E., Hagamen, Susan, Kelly-Dinham, Kim, Allison, David B., Agharanya, Nnenna, Aronoff, Nancy J., Baldo, Maria, Crandall, Jill P., Foo, Sandra T., Luchsinger, Jose A., Pal, Carmen, Parkes, Kathy, Pena, Mary Beth, Roman, Julie, Rooney, Ellen S., VanWye, Gretchen E.H., Viscovich, Kristine A., Prince, Melvin J., Marrero, David G., Mather, Kieren J., De Groot, Mary, Kelly, Susie M., Jackson, Marcia A., McAtee, Gina, Putenney, Paula, Ackermann, Ronald T., Cantrell, Carolyn M., Dotson, Yolanda F., Fineberg, Edwin S., Fultz, Megan, Guare, John C., Hadden, Angela, Ignaut, James M., Kirkman, Marion S., O’Kelly Phillips, Erin, Pinner, Kisha L., Porter, Beverly D., Roach, Paris J., Rowland, Nancy D., Wheeler, Madelyn L., Ratner, Robert E., Aroda, Vanita, Magee, Michelle, Youssef, Gretchen, Shapiro, Sue, Andon, Natalie, Bavido-Arrage, Catherine, Boggs, Geraldine, Bronsord, Marjorie, Brown, Ernestine, Love Burkott, Holly, Cheatham, Wayman W., Cola, Susan, Evans, Cindy, Gibbs, Peggy, Kellum, Tracy, Leon, Lilia, Lagarda, Milvia, Levatan, Claresa, Lindsay, Milajurine, Nair, Asha K., Park, Jean, Passaro, Maureen, Silverman, Angela, Uwaifo, Gabriel, Wells-Thayer, Debra, Wiggins, Renee, Saad, Mohammed F., Watson, Karol, Budget, Maria, Jinagouda, Sujata, Botrous, Medhat, Sosa, Anthony, Tadros, Sameh, Akbar, Khan, Conzues, Claudia, Magpuri, Perpetua, Ngo, Kathy, Rassam, Amer, Waters, Debra, Xapthalamous, Kathy, Santiago, Julio V., Brown, Angela L., Santiago, Ana, Das, Samia, Khare-Ranade, Prajakta, Stich, Tamara, Fisher, Edwin, Hurt, Emma, Jones, Jackie, Jones, Tracy, Kerr, Michelle, McCowan, Sherri, Ryder, Lucy, Wernimont, Cormarie, Saudek, Christopher D., Hill Golden, Sherita, Bradley, Vanessa, Sullivan, Emily, Whittington, Tracy, Abbas, Caroline, Allen, Adrienne, Brancati, Frederick L., Cappelli, Sharon, Clark, Jeanne M., Charleston, Jeanne B., Freel, Janice, Horak, Katherine, Greene, Alicia, Jiggetts, Dawn, Johnson, Delois, Joseph, Hope, Kalyani, Rita, Loman, Kimberly, Mathioudakis, Nestoras, Maruthur, Nisa, Mosley, Henry, Reusing, John, Rubin, Richard R., Samuels, Alafia, Shields, Thomas, Stephens, Shawne, Stewart, Kerry J., Thomas, LeeLana, Utsey, Evonne, Williamson, Paula, Schade, David S., Adams, Karwyn S., Johannes, Carolyn, Hemphill, Claire, Hyde, Penny, Canady, Janene L., Atler, Leslie F., Boyle, Patrick J., Burge, Mark R., Chai, Lisa, Colleran, Kathleen, Fondino, Ateka, Gonzales, Ysela, Hernandez-McGinnis, Doris A., Katz, Patricia, King, Carolyn, Middendorf, Julia, Rubinchik, Sofya, Senter, Willette, Shamoon, Harry, Crandall, Jill, Brown, Janet O., Trandafirescu, Gilda, Powell, Danielle, Adorno, Elsie, Cox, Liane, Duffy, Helena, Engel, Samuel, Friedler, Allison, Goldstein, Angela, Howardentury, Crystal J., Lukin, Jennifer, Kloiber, Stacey, Longchamp, Nadege, Martinez, Helen, Pompi, Dorothy, Scheindlin, Jonathan, Tomuta, Norica, Violino, Elissa, Walker, Elizabeth A., Wylie-Rosett, Judith, Zimmerman, Elise, Zonszein, Joel, Wing, Rena R., Orchard, Trevor, Venditti, Elizabeth, Koenning, Gaye, Kramer, M. Kaye, Smith, Marie, Jeffries, Susan, Weinzierl, Valarie, Barr, Susan, Benchoff, Catherine, Boraz, Miriam, Clifford, Lisa, Culyba, Rebecca, Frazier, Marlene, Gilligan, Ryan, Guimond, Stephanie, Harrier, Susan, Harris, Louann, Kriska, Andrea, Manjoo, Qurashia, Mullen, Monica, Noel, Alicia, Otto, Amy, Pettigrew, Jessica, Rockette-Wagner, Bonny, Rubinstein, Debra, Semler, Linda, Smith, Cheryl F., Williams, Katherine V., Wilson, Tara, Arakaki, Richard F., Mau, Marjorie K., Latimer, Renee W., Isonaga, Mae K., Baker-Ladao, Narleen K., Bow, Ralph, Bermudez, Nina E., Dias, Lorna, Inouye, Jillian, Melish, John S., Mikami, Kathy, Mohideen, Pharis, Odom, Sharon K., Perry, Raynette U., Yamamoto, Robin E., Hanson, Robert L., Shah, Vallabh, Hoskin, Mary A., Percy, Carol A., Cooeyate, Norman, Natewa, Camille, Dodge, Charlotte, Enote, Alvera, Anderson, Harelda, Acton, Kelly J., Andre, Vickie L., Barber, Rosalyn, Begay, Shandiin, Bennett, Peter H., Benson, Mary Beth, Bird, Evelyn C., Broussard, Brenda A., Bucca, Brian C., Chavez, Marcella, Cook, Sherron, Curtis, Jeff, Dacawyma, Tara, Doughty, Matthew S., Duncan, Roberta, Edgerton, Cyndy, Ghahate, Jacqueline M., Glass, Justin, Glass, Martia, Gohdes, Dorothy, Grant, Wendy, Horse, Ellie, Ingraham, Louise E., Jackson, Merry, Jay, Priscilla, Kaskalla, Roylen S., Kavena, Karen, Kessler, David, Kobus, Kathleen M., Krakoff, Jonathan, Kurland, Jason, Manus, Catherine, McCabe, Cherie, Michaels, Sara, Morgan, Tina, Nashboo, Yolanda, Nelson, Julie A., Poirier, Steven, Polczynski, Evette, Piromalli, Christopher, Reidy, Mike, Roumain, Jeanine, Rowse, Debra, Roy, Robert J., Sangster, Sandra, Sewenemewa, Janet, Smart, Miranda, Spencer, Chelsea, Tonemah, Darryl, Williams, Rachel, Wilson, Charlton, Yazzie, Michelle, Bain, Raymond, Fowler, Sarah, Larsen, Michael D., Jablonski, Kathleen, Temprosa, Marinella, Brenneman, Tina, Edelstein, Sharon L., Abebe, Solome, Bamdad, Julie, Barkalow, Melanie, Bethepu, Joel, Bezabeh, Tsedenia, Bowers, Anna, Butler, Nicole, Callaghan, Jackie, Carter, Caitlin E., Christophi, Costas, Dwyer, Gregory M., Foulkes, Mary, Gao, Yuping, Gooding, Robert, Gottlieb, Adrienne, Grimes, Kristina L., Grover-Fairchild, Nisha, Haffner, Lori, Hoffman, Heather, Jones, Steve, Jones, Tara L., Katz, Richard, Kolinjivadi, Preethy, Lachin, John M., Ma, Yong, Mucik, Pamela, Orlosky, Robert, Reamer, Susan, Rochon, James, Sapozhnikova, Alla, Sherif, Hanna, Stimpson, Charlotte, Hogan Tjaden, Ashley, Walker-Murray, Fredricka, Venditti, Elizabeth M., Kriska, Andrea M., Weinzierl, Valerie, Marcovina, Santica, Aldrich, F. Alan, Harting, Jessica, Albers, John, Strylewicz, Greg, Killeen, Anthony, Gabrielson, Deanna, Eastman, R., Fradkin, Judith, Garfield, Sanford, Lee, Christine, Gregg, Edward, Zhang, Ping, O’Leary, Dan, Evans, Gregory, Budoff, Matthew, Dailing, Chris, Stamm, Elizabeth, Schwartz, Ann, Navy, Caroline, Palermo, Lisa, Rautaharju, Pentti, Prineas, Ronald J., Soliman, Elsayed Z., Alexander, Teresa, Campbell, Charles, Hall, Sharon, Li, Yabing, Mills, Margaret, Pemberton, Nancy, Rautaharju, Farida, Zhang, Zhuming, Hu, Julie, Hensley, Susan, Keasler, Lisa, Taylor, Tonya, Danis, Ronald, Davis, Matthew, Hubbard, Larry, Endres, Ryan, Elsas, Deborah, Johnson, Samantha, Myers, Dawn, Barrett, Nancy, Baumhauer, Heather, Benz, Wendy, Cohn, Holly, Corkery, Ellie, Dohm, Kristi, Domalpally, Amitha, Gama, Vonnie, Goulding, Anne, Ewen, Andy, Hurtenbach, Cynthia, Lawrence, Daniel, McDaniel, Kyle, Pak, Jeong, Reimers, James, Shaw, Ruth, Swift, Maria, Vargo, Pamela, Watson, Sheila, Manly, Jennifer, Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth, Moran, Robert R., Ganiats, Ted, David, Kristin, Sarkin, Andrew J., Groessl, Erik, Katzir, Naomi, Chong, Helen, Herman, William H., Brändle, Michael, Brown, Morton B., Altshuler, David, Billings, Liana K., Chen, Ling, Harden, Maegan, Pollin, Toni I., Shuldiner, Alan R., Franks, Paul W., and Hivert, Marie-France

Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, Pathophysiology/Complications
Abstract

OBJECTIVE To determine whether interventions that slow or prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in those at risk reduce the subsequent prevalence of diabetic retinopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) randomized subjects at risk for developing type 2 diabetes because of overweight/obesity and dysglycemia to metformin (MET), intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS), or placebo (PLB) to assess the prevention of diabetes. During the DPP and DPP Outcome Study (DPPOS), we performed fundus photography over time on study participants, regardless of their diabetes status. Fundus photographs were graded using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grading system, with diabetic retinopathy defined as typical lesions of diabetic retinopathy (microaneurysms, exudates, or hemorrhage, or worse) in either eye. RESULTS Despite reduced progression to diabetes in the ILS and MET groups compared with PLB, there was no difference in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy between treatment groups after 1, 5, 11, or 16 years of follow-up. No treatment group differences in retinopathy were found within prespecified subgroups (baseline age, sex, race/ethnicity, baseline BMI). In addition, there was no difference in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy between those exposed to metformin and those not exposed to metformin, regardless of treatment group assignment. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in overweight/obese subjects with dysglycemia who are at risk for diabetes do not reduce the development of diabetic retinopathy for up to 20 years.

Published
2022

15. Association Between Change in Accelerometer-Measured and Self-Reported Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease in the Look AHEAD Trial

Author

Jakicic, John M., primary, Berkowitz, Robert I., primary, Bolin, Paula, primary, Bray, George A., primary, Clark, Jeanne M., primary, Coday, Mace, primary, Egan, Caitlin, primary, Evans, Mary, primary, Foreyt, John P., primary, Fulton, Janet E., primary, Greenway, Frank L., primary, Gregg, Edward W., primary, Hazuda, Helen P., primary, Hill, James O., primary, Horton, Edward S., primary, Hubbard, Van S., primary, Jeffery, Robert W., primary, Johnson, Karen C., primary, Johnson, Ruby, primary, Kahn, Steven E., primary, Kure, Anne, primary, Lang, Wei, primary, Lewis, Cora E., primary, Nathan, David M., primary, Patricio, Jennifer, primary, Peters, Anne, primary, Pi-Sunyer, Xavier, primary, Pownall, Henry, primary, Rejeski, W. Jack, primary, Safford, Monika, primary, Stewart, Kerry J., primary, Wadden, Thomas A., primary, Walkup, Michael P., primary, Wing, Rena R., primary, and Wyatt, Holly, primary

Published
2022
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16. Temporal trends of concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances among adults with overweight and obesity in the United States: Results from the Diabetes Prevention Program and NHANES

Author

Lin, Pi-I D., primary, Cardenas, Andres, additional, Hauser, Russ, additional, Gold, Diane R., additional, Kleinman, Ken P., additional, Hivert, Marie-France, additional, Calafat, Antonia M., additional, Webster, Thomas F., additional, Horton, Edward S., additional, and Oken, Emily, additional

Published
2021
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20. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and calcifications of the coronary and aortic arteries in adults with prediabetes: Results from the diabetes prevention program outcomes study

Author

Osorio-Yáñez, Citlalli, primary, Sanchez-Guerra, Marco, additional, Cardenas, Andres, additional, Lin, Pi-I. D., additional, Hauser, Russ, additional, Gold, Diane R., additional, Kleinman, Ken P., additional, Hivert, Marie-France, additional, Fleisch, Abby F., additional, Calafat, Antonia M., additional, Webster, Thomas F., additional, Horton, Edward S., additional, and Oken, Emily, additional

Published
2021
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23. Impact of an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Use and Cost of Medical Services Among Overweight and Obese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: The Action for Health in Diabetes

Author

Espeland, Mark A., Glick, Henry A., Bertoni, Alain, Brancati, Frederick L., Bray, George A., Clark, Jeanne M., Curtis, Jeffrey M., Egan, Caitlin, Evans, Mary, Foreyt, John P., Ghazarian, Siran, Gregg, Edward W., Hazuda, Helen P., Hill, James O., Hire, Don, Horton, Edward S., Hubbard, Van S., Jakicic, John M., Jeffery, Robert W., Johnson, Karen C., Kahn, Steven E., Killean, Tina, Kitabchi, Abbas E., Knowler, William C., Kriska, Andrea, Lewis, Cora E., Miller, Marsha, Montez, Maria G., Murillo, Anne, Nathan, David M., Nyenwe, Ebenezer, Patricio, Jennifer, Peters, Anne L., Pi-Sunyer, Xavier, Pownall, Henry, Redmon, J. Bruce, Rushing, Julia, Ryan, Donna H., Safford, Monika, Tsai, Adam G., Wadden, Thomas A., Wing, Rena R., Yanovski, Susan Z., and Zhang, Ping

Published
2014
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25. Role of diuretics, β blockers, and statins in increasing the risk of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: reanalysis of data from the NAVIGATOR study

Author

Shen, Lan, Shah, Bimal R, Reyes, Eric M, Thomas, Laine, Wojdyla, Daniel, Diem, Peter, Leiter, Lawrence A, Charbonnel, Bernard, Mareev, Viacheslav, Horton, Edward S, Haffner, Steven M, Soska, Vladimir, Holman, Rury, Bethel, Angelyn M, Schaper, Frank, Sun, Jie-Lena, McMurray, John JV, Califf, Robert M, and Krum, Henry

Published
2013
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31. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy in a randomized placebo-controlled 54-week trial in patients with type 2 diabetes*

Author

DOBS, Adrian S., GOLDSTEIN, Barry J., ASCHNER, Pablo, HORTON, Edward S., UMPIERREZ, Guillermo E., DURAN, Lorraine, HILL, Julie S., CHEN, Yu, GOLM, Gregory T., LANGDON, Ronald B., WILLIAMS-HERMAN, Debora E., KAUFMAN, Keith D., AMATRUDA, John M., and FERREIRA, Juan Camilo ARJONA

Published
2013
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32. Effects of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight/Obesity: Results From the Look AHEAD Study.

Author

WingRena R.BrayGeorge A.Cassidy-BegayMariaClarkJeanne M.CodayMaceEganCaitlinEvansMaryForeytJohn P.GlasserStephenGreggEdward W.HazudaHelen P.HillJames O.HortonEdward S.IsaacJuan CarlosJakicicJohn M.JefferyRobert W.JohnsonKaren C.KahnSteven E.KritchevskySte, Wing, Rena R., Bray, George A., Cassidy-Begay, Maria, Clark, Jeanne M., Coday, Mace, Egan, Caitlin, Evans, Mary, Foreyt, John P., Glasser, Stephen, Gregg, Edward W., Hazuda, Helen P., Hill, James O., Horton, Edward S., Isaac, Juan Carlos, Jakicic, John M., Jeffery, Robert W., Johnson, Karen C., Kahn, Steven E., and Kritchevsky, Stephen

Abstract

Objective: Look AHEAD, a randomized trial comparing intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) and diabetes support and education (DSE) (control) in 5,145 individuals with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes, found no significant differences in all-cause or cardiovascular mortality or morbidity during 9.6 (median) years of intervention. Participants in ILI who lost ≥10% at 1 year had lower risk of composite cardiovascular outcomes relative to DSE. Since effects of ILI may take many years to emerge, we conducted intent-to-treat analyses comparing mortality in ILI over 16.7 years (9.6 years of intervention and then observation) to DSE. In a secondary exploratory analysis, we compared mortality by magnitude of weight loss in ILI relative to DSE.Research Design and Methods: Primary outcome was all-cause mortality from randomization to 16.7 years. Other outcomes included cause-specific mortality, interactions by subgroups (age, sex, race/ethnicity, and cardiovascular disease history), and an exploratory analysis by magnitude of weight loss in ILI versus DSE as reference. Analyses used proportional hazards regression and likelihood ratio.Results: The incidence of all-cause mortality did not differ significantly in ILI and DSE (549 and 589 participants, respectively) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.91 [95% CI 0.81, 1.02]; P = 0.11). There were no significant differences between treatments in cause-specific mortality or within prespecified subgroups. ILI participants who lost ≥10% at 1 year had a 21% reduced risk of mortality (HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.67, 0.94]; P = 0.007) relative to DSE.Conclusions: ILI focused on weight loss did not significantly affect mortality risk. However, ILI participants who lost ≥10% had reduced mortality relative to DSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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33. Association Between Change in Accelerometer-Measured and Self-Reported Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease in the Look AHEAD Trial.

Author

Jakicic, John M., Berkowitz, Robert I., Bolin, Paula, Bray, George A., Clark, Jeanne M., Coday, Mace, Egan, Caitlin, Evans, Mary, Foreyt, John P., Fulton, Janet E., Greenway, Frank L., Gregg, Edward W., Hazuda, Helen P., Hill, James O., Horton, Edward S., Hubbard, Van S., Jeffery, Robert W., Johnson, Karen C., Johnson, Ruby, and Kahn, Steven E.

Subjects
PHYSICAL activity, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, TYPE 2 diabetes, CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention, RESEARCH, SELF-evaluation, RESEARCH methodology, EVALUATION research, ACCELEROMETRY, COMPARATIVE studies, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, EXERCISE
Abstract

Objective: To conduct post hoc secondary analysis examining the association between change in physical activity. Measured with self-report and accelerometry, from baseline to 1 and 4 years and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in the Look AHEAD Trial.Research Design and Methods: Participants were adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes with physical activity. Data at baseline and year 1 or 4 (n = 1,978). Participants were randomized to diabetes support and education or intensive lifestyle intervention. Measures included accelerometry-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), self-reported physical activity, and composite (morbidity and mortality) CVD outcomes.Results: In pooled analyses of all participants, using Cox proportional hazards models, each 100 MET-min/week increase in accelerometry-measured MVPA from baseline to 4 years was associated with decreased risk of the subsequent primary composite outcome of CVD. Results were consistent for changes in total MVPA (hazard ratio 0.97 [95% CI 0.95, 0.99]) and MVPA accumulated in ≥10-min bouts (hazard ratio 0.95 [95% CI 0.91, 0.98]), with a similar pattern for secondary CVD outcomes. Change in accelerometry-measured MVPA at 1 year and self-reported change in physical activity at 1 and 4 years were not associated with CVD outcomes.Conclusions: Increased accelerometry-measured MVPA from baseline to year 4 is associated with decreased risk of CVD outcomes. This suggests the need for long-term engagement in MVPA to reduce the risk of CVD in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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36. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS MEDICAL GUIDELINES FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE FOR DEVELOPING A DIABETES MELLITUS COMPREHENSIVE CARE PLAN: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Author

Handelsman, Yehuda, Mechanick, Jeffrey I., Blonde, Lawrence, Grunberger, George, Bloomgarden, Zachary T., Bray, George A., Dagogo-Jack, Samuel, Davidson, Jaime A., Einhorn, Daniel, Ganda, Om, Garber, Alan J., Hirsch, Irl B., Horton, Edward S., Ismail-Beigi, Faramarz, Jellinger, Paul S., Jones, Kenneth L., Jovanovič, Lois, Lebovitz, Harold, Levy, Philip, Moghissi, Etie S., Orzeck, Eric A., Vinik, Aaron I., and Wyne, Kathleen L.

Published
2011

37. AACE Task Force for Developing a Diabetes Comprehensive Care Plan Writing Committee

Author

Handelsman, Yehuda, Mechanick, Jeffrey I., Blonde, Lawrence, Grunberger, George, Bloomgarden, Zachary T., Bray, George A., Dagogo-Jack, Samuel, Davidson, Jaime A., Einhorn, Daniel, Ganda, Om, Garber, Alan J., Hirsch, Irl B., Horton, Edward S., Ismail-Beigi, Faramarz, Jellinger, Paul S., Jones, Kenneth L., Jovanovič, Lois, Lebovitz, Harold, Levy, Philip, Moghissi, Etie S., Orzeck, Eric A., Vinik, Aaron I., Wyne, Kathleen L., Hurley, Daniel L., and Zangeneh, Farhad

Published
2011

39. The Impact of Physical Activity (PA) on the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes; Evidence and Lessons Learned from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a Long-Standing Clinical Trial Incorporating Subjective and Objective Activity Measures

Author

Kriska, Andrea M., primary, Rockette-Wagner, Bonny, primary, Edelstein, Sharon L., primary, Bray, George A., primary, Delahanty, Linda M., primary, Hoskin, Mary A., primary, Horton, Edward S., primary, Venditti, Elizabeth M., primary, Knowler, William C., primary, and Group, the DPP Research, primary

Published
2020
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40. Within trial cost-effectiveness of a structured lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes: Results from the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Study

Author

Zhang, Ping, primary, Atkinson, Karen M., primary, Bray, George, primary, Chen, Haiying, primary, Clark, Jeanne M., primary, Coday, Mace, primary, Dutton, Gareth R., primary, Egan, Caitlin, primary, Espeland, Mark A., primary, Evans, Mary, primary, Foreyt, John P., primary, Greenway, Frank L., primary, Gregg, Edward W., primary, Hazuda, Helen P., primary, Hill, James O., primary, Horton, Edward S., primary, Hubbard, Van S., primary, Huckfeldt, Peter J., primary, Jackson, Sharon D., primary, Jakicic, John M., primary, Jeffery, Robert W., primary, Johnson, Karen C., primary, Kahn, Steven E., primary, Killean, Tina, primary, Knowler, William C., primary, Korytkowski, Mary, primary, Lewis, Cora E., primary, Maruthur, Nisa M., primary, Michaels, Sara, primary, Montez, Maria G., primary, Nathan, David M., primary, Patricio, Jennifer, primary, Peters, Anne, primary, Pi-Sunyer, Xavier, primary, Pownall, Henry, primary, Redmon, Bruce, primary, Rushing, Julia T., primary, Steinburg, Helmut, primary, Wadden, Thomas A., primary, Wing, Rena R., primary, Wyatt, Holly, primary, Yanovski, Susan Z., primary, and Group, Look AHEAD Research, primary

Published
2020
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41. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and blood pressure in pre-diabetic adults—cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the diabetes prevention program outcomes study

Author

Lin, Pi-I D., primary, Cardenas, Andres, additional, Hauser, Russ, additional, Gold, Diane R., additional, Kleinman, Ken P., additional, Hivert, Marie-France, additional, Calafat, Antonia M., additional, Webster, Thomas F., additional, Horton, Edward S., additional, and Oken, Emily, additional

Published
2020
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42. Dietary characteristics associated with plasma concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances among adults with pre-diabetes: Cross-sectional results from the Diabetes Prevention Program Trial

Author

Lin, Pi-I D., primary, Cardenas, Andres, additional, Hauser, Russ, additional, Gold, Diane R., additional, Kleinman, Ken P., additional, Hivert, Marie-France, additional, Fleisch, Abby F., additional, Calafat, Antonia M., additional, Sanchez-Guerra, Marco, additional, Osorio-Yáñez, Citlalli, additional, Webster, Thomas F., additional, Horton, Edward S., additional, and Oken, Emily, additional

Published
2020
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49. DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF PREDIABETES IN THE CONTINUUM OF HYPERGLYCEMIA—WHEN DO THE RISKS OF DIABETES BEGIN? A CONSENSUS STATEMENT FROM THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS*

Author

Garber, Alan J., Handelsman, Yehuda, Einhorn, Daniel, Bergman, Donald A., Bloomgarden, Zachary T., Fonseca, Vivian, Garvey, Timothy W., Gavin, James R., III, Grunberger, George, Horton, Edward S., Jellinger, Paul S., Jones, Kenneth L., Lebovitz, Harold, Levy, Philip, McGuire, Darren K., Moghissi, Etie S., and Nesto, Richard W.

Published
2008

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