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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) on improving walking ability, and to determine the optimal dosage of task-specific training based on RAGT for stroke patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two investigators independently searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) from inception to 31 January 2020. The study design was a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparing the intervention of RAGT plus conventional therapy to conventional therapy alone. RCTs mainly focus on lower limb motor function as the primary outcomes, while the secondary outcomes involve gait speed, walking distance, cadence, balance, and activities of daily living (ADL). Pooled effect estimates were calculated by comparing the change from baseline to the end of the study in each group. RESULTS: Twenty-eight RCTs were included. The pooled analysis showed that RAGT had a significantly short-term effect on improving lower limb function [standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.32, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.55]. Additionally, there were significant improvements in gait speed (MD 0.10, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.14) and ADL (SMD 0.17, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.32). Subgroup analyses indicated that RAGT lasting for 30-60 minutes per day over 4 weeks yielded a moderate effect size (SMD 0.53, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.90). Additionally, RAGT significantly promoted lower limb function recovery in the early stage after a stroke (SMD 0.33, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.58) or in non-ambulatory patients (SMD 0.35, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.59). CONCLUSIONS: RAGT demonstrated significant positive effects on lower limb function post-stroke. Our results provide additional evidence to support that RAGT is a potentially appropriate intervention to promote lower limb recovery in individuals who have had a stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To further explore the role and mechanism of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 and mir-1265 in lung squamous carcinoma by verifying the expression level of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 in plasma, tissues, and cells of lung squamous carcinoma. Methods: Plasma was collected from patients with lung squamous carcinoma treated at Tangshan People's Hospital and healthy individuals from 2020 to 2022. Lung squamous carcinoma tissue microarrays purchased from Shanghai Xinchao Biotechnology Company in 2022. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 in lung squamous carcinoma plasma, tissues, and cells, and fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to verify the expression of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 in lung squamous carcinoma. The localization of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 in NCI-H1703 was verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The lung squamous carcinoma cells NCI-H1703 and NCI-H226 were cultured in vitro and divided into the circ-negative control (NC) group, hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 overexpression group, miR-NC group, miR-1265 mimic group, hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776+miR-NC group, and hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776+miR-1265 mimic group.The cell proliferation, motility and apoptosis were detected by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method, clone formation, Transwell invasion and migration, and scratch assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The downstream of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 was predicted by circular RNA interactome website, and the interaction between hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776, miR-1265 was further determined by dual luciferase reporter gene assay, and nude mice subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay detected the growth of transplanted tumors. Results: Fluorescence in situ hybridization results showed that the fluorescence intensity of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 in lung squamous carcinoma tissues was lower than that in paracancerous tissues, and the fluorescence intensity of miR-1265 in lung squamous carcinoma tissues was higher than that in paracancerous tissues (both P ＜0.05). The expression level of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 in the plasma of lung squamous carcinoma patients was lower than that in the plasma of healthy people, and the expression level of miR-1265 was higher than that in the plasma of healthy people (both P ＜0.05). The expression levels of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 in lung squamous carcinoma cells NCI-H1703, NCI-H226 and SK-MES-1 were lower than that in bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B (all P ＜0.05), and the relative expression levels of miR-1265 in NCI-H1703 and NCI-H226 were higher than that in human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS -2B (all P ＜0.05). The expression of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 was correlated with age, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and tumor stage in patients with lung squamous carcinoma (all P ＜0.05). Fluorescence in situ hybridization results showed that hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assay showed complementary binding of miR-1265 to hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776. The absorbance values of the hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 overexpression group in NCI-H1703 and NCI-H226 cells were lower than that of the circ-NC group ( P ＜0.05). The number of cell clones in the hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 overexpressed group was (52±3) and (53±4), the number of migrating cells was (476±17) and (113±7), the number of invading cells was (100±2) and (184±2), and the cell migration rate was (25.00±4.36)% and (36.02±5.55)%, which were lower than those of the circ-NC group [(104±4) and (106±2), (783±29) and (517±16), (657±45) and (473±9), (48.95±8.69)% and (48.70±1.57)%, all P ＜0.05]. The apoptosis rates in the overexpression hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 group were (24.77±2.303)% and (19.67±1.16)%, respectively, both higher than those in the circ-NC group [(11.83±1.15)% and (9.50±0.66)%, respectively, both P ＜0.05]. MiR-1265 mimic group had a higher apoptotic rate in the NCI-H1703 and NCI-H226 than those of the miR-NC groups ( P ＜0.05). miR-1265 mimic group had (56±13) and (51±8) cell clones, (556±13) and (405±6) migrating cells, (486±6) and (359±7) invading cells, cell migration rates of (68.56±5.51)%, (81.74±8.04)%, were higher than those of miR-NC group [(31±4) and (21±8), (154±19) and (186±5), (227±6) and (176±7), (25.83±4.26)% and (53.12±4.14) %, all P ＜0.05]. The apoptotic rates in the miR-1265 mimic group were (11.83±2.55)% and (17.50±1.05)%, respectively, which were lower than those in the miR-NC group [(32.67±4.44)% and (39.90±2.88)%, respectively, both P <0.05]. The absorbance values of NCI-H1703 and NCI-H226 in the overexpression of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776+miR-1265 mimic group were higher than those of the overexpression of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776+miR-NC group ( P <0.05). The overexpression of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776+miR-1265 mimic group had (128±15) and (133±8) cell clones, (623±10) and (310±7) migrating cells, (643±16) and (420±7) invading cells, (66.39±4.46)% cell migration rate and (68.60±3.53)%, were higher than those of the hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776+miR-NC group [(86±7) and (80±16), (380±11) and (115±5), (152±7) and (94±4), respectively, (31.41±5.91)% and (30.94±0.67)%, all P ＜0.05]. The apoptotic rates in the overexpression of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776+miR-1265 mimic group were (19.27±0.15)% and (11.53±0.75)%, respectively, both lower than those in the overexpression of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776+miR-NC group [(27.77±1.29)% and (18.43±0.71)%, both P ＜0.05]. The results of the subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay in nude mice showed that the volume of tumors in the overexpression of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 group was lower than that in the circ-NC group ( P ＜0.05). Conclusion: hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 is downregulated in lung squamous cell carcinoma, and hsa&#95;circ&#95;0001776 can inhibit the development of lung squamous cell carcinoma by targeting miR-1265.

Objective: To investigate the effects of lncRNA DRAIC on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells and its mechanism. Methods: Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of DRAIC in lung cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues of 40 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery in Tangshan People's Hospital from 2019 to 2020. Lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 and H1299 were cultured in vitro and divided into si-NC group, si-DRAIC group, miR-NC group, let-7i-5p mimics group, si-DRAIC+ inhibitor-NC group, and si-DRAIC+ let-7i-5p inhibitor group. CCK-8 method and clone formation experiment were used to detect cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Transwell array was used to detect the cell migration and invasion. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bcl-2 and Bax. The double luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to verify the regulatory relationship between DRAIC and let-7i-5p. Independent sample t test was used for comparison between two groups, one-way ANOVA was used for comparison between multiple groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis. Results: Compared with adjacent tissues, the expression level of DRAIC in lung adenocarcinoma tissues increased ( P <0.05), but the expression level of let-7i-5p decreased ( P <0.05). The expression levels of DRAIC and let-7i-5p in lung adenocarcinoma tissues were negatively correlated ( r =-0.737, P <0.05). The absorbance value of A549 and H1299 cells in the si-DRAIC group at 48, 72 and 96 hours were lower than those in the si-NC group ( P <0.05), the number of clones formed [(91.00±6.08 vs. 136.67±6.51); (50.67±1.53 vs. 76.67±4.51)], the number of migration [(606.67±31.34 vs. 960.00±33.06); (483.33±45.96 vs. 741.67±29.67)], the number of invasion [(185.00±8.19 vs. 447.33±22.05); (365.00±33.87 vs. 688.00±32.97)] were lower than those in the si-NC group ( P <0.05). However, the apoptosis rates of cells [(13.43±2.79)% vs. (4.53±0.42)%; (23.77±1.04)% vs. (6.60±1.42)%] were higher than those in the si-NC group ( P <0.05). The protein expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax in si-DRAIC group were higher than those in si-NC group, and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was lower than that in si-NC group ( P <0.05). DRAIC is located in the cytoplasm. DRAIC targeted and negatively regulated the expression of let-7i-5p. The absorbance values of A549 and H1299 cells in the let-7i-5p mimics group at 48, 72 and 96 hours were lower than those in the miR-NC group ( P <0.05), the number of clones formed [(131.33±14.47 vs. 171.33±6.11); (59.33±4.93 vs. 80.33±7.09)], the number of migration [(137.67±3.06 vs. 579.33±82.03); (425.00±11.14 vs. 669.33±21.13)], the number of invasion [(54.00±4.36 vs. 112.67±11.59); (80.00±4.58 vs. 333.33±16.80)] were lower than those in the miR-NC group ( P <0.05). However, the apoptosis rates of cells [(14.57±1.10)% vs. (6.97±1.11)%; (23.97±0.42)% vs. (7.07±1.21)%] were higher than those in the miR-NC group ( P <0.05). The protein expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax in let-7i-5p mimics group were higher than those in miR-NC group, and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was lower than that in miR-NC group ( P <0.05). The absorbance values of A549 and H1299 cells in the si-DRAIC+ let-7i-5p inhibitor group at 48, 72 and 96 hours were higher than those in the si-DRAIC+ inhibitor-NC group ( P <0.05), the number of clones formed [(82.00±5.29 vs. 59.00±5.57); (77.67±4.93 vs. 41.33±7.57)], the number of migration [(774.33±35.81 vs. 455.67±19.04); (569.67±18.72 vs. 433.67±16.77)], the number of invasion [(670.33±17.21 vs. 451.00±17.52); (263.67±3.06 vs. 182.33±11.93)] were higher than those in the si-DRAIC+ inhibitor-NC group ( P <0.05). However, the apoptosis rates of cells [(7.73±0.45)% vs. (19.13±1.50)%; (8.00±0.53)% vs. (28.40±0.53)%] were lower than those in the si-NC group ( P <0.05). The protein expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax in si-DRAIC+ let-7i-5p inhibitor group were higher than those in si-DRAIC+ inhibitor-NC group, and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was lower than that in si-DRAIC+ inhibitor-NC group ( P <0.05). Conclusion: DRAIC is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, and DRAIC promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells and inhibits apoptosis by targeting let-7i-5p.

Two isoenzymes of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) have been separated from the plant fraction of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Williams) nodules by a procedure involving (NH(4))(2)SO(4) gradient fractionation, gel chromatography, chromatofocusing, and affinity chromatography. The isoenzymes, which have been termed glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenases I and II, were specific for NADP(+) and glucose 6-phosphate and had optimum activity at pH 8.5 and pH 8.1, respectively. Both isoenzymes were labile in the absence of NADP(+). The apparent molecular weight of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenases I and II at pH 8.3 was estimated by gel chromatography to be approximately 110,000 in the absence of NADP(+) and double this size in the presence of NADP(+). The apparent molecular weight did not increase when glucose 6-phosphate was added with NADP(+) at pH 8.3. Both isoenzymes had very similar kinetic properties, displaying positive cooperativity in their interaction with NADP(+) and negative cooperativity with glucose 6-phosphate. The isoenzymes had half-maximal activity at approximately 10 micromolar NADP(+) and 70 to 100 micromolar glucose 6-phosphate. NADPH was a potent inhibitor of both of the soybean nodule glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenases.