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This work aims at demonstrating the possibility of producing 2-butanol from lignocellulosic biomass through a new thermochemical approach. The production of biobutanol was carried out using different lignocellulosic feedstock through a 3-step process: first the whole lignocellulosic biomass is hydrolyzed under acid catalyst to produce levulinates, then the levulinates go through decarboxylation to produce 2-butanone which is, in a final step, reduced to produce of 2-butanol. The experimental conditions for the first two steps of the process were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). The latter could represent an opportunity for the production of economical second-generation butanol without having to go through the classical pathway requiring the production of sugar prior to microbial conversion. The authors are grateful for the financial support to MITACS (Grant number ITO3931) and for the grant to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, Grant number EGP 487206-15).

TEZ6887 Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2008. Kaynakça (s.138-149) var. xv, 210 s. : res. ; 29 cm. In this study, [(R)-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+ BArF-, [(R)-(m-Rf-Ph2)2-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+BArF-, [(R)-(6,6'-Rf)2-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+BArF- [(R)-(6,6'-Rf)2-)-(m-Rf-Ph2)2-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+BArF- and [(R)-(m-Rf-Ph2)2-BINAP/PS-PEG resin-supported]-Rh(COD)]+BArF- were synthesized as fluorous derivatives (Rf=C8F17) of rhodium-BINAP complexes and characterized by using spectroscopic methods such as UV, FT-IR, 1H, 19F, 13C and 31P NMR. The catalysts are quite soluble in scCO2 at the conditions of 343 oK, 1750 psi pressure except [(R)-(m-Rf-Ph2)2-BINAP/PS-PEG resin-supported]-Rh(COD)]+BArF-. Furthermore, the catalysts in the cylindrical stainless steel reactor (100 mL capacity) was tested in the hydrogenation of the styrene in scCO2 at the conditions of 343 oK, 1750 psi pressure, substrate/catalyst= 500 (molar ratio). The [(R)-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+ BArF-, [(R)-(m-Rf-Ph2)2-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+BArF-, [(R)-(6,6'-Rf)2-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+BArF- and [(R)-(m-Rf-Ph2)2-BINAP/PS-PEG resin-supported]-Rh(COD)]+BArF- catalysts performed activity between 99% and 15% ratio conversion of styrene into ethyl benzene. However, the [(R)-(6,6'-Rf)2-)-(m-Rf-Ph2)2-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+BArF- catalyst did not carry out any activities. Conversions were determined by GC analysis. Bu çalışmada, rodyum-BINAP komplekslerinin florlu türevlerini (Rf=C8F17) içeren [(R)-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+BArF-, [(R)-(m-Rf-Ph2)2-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+ BArF-, [(R)-(6,6'-Rf)2-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+BArF- [(R)-(6,6'-Rf)2-)-(m-Rf-Ph2)2-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+BArF- ve [(R)-(m-Rf-Ph2)2-BINAP/PS-PEG-reçineye tuturulmuş]-Rh(COD)]+BArF- katalizörleri sentezlendi ve UV, FT-IR, 1H, 19F, 13C ve 31P NMR spektroskopik yöntemleri ile karakterize edildi. [(R)-(m-Rf-Ph2)2-BINAP/PS-PEG-reçineye tuturulmuş]-Rh(COD)]+BArF- katalizörü dışındaki katalizörler 343 oK sıcaklık ve 1750 psi basınçta scCO2 içerisinde oldukça iyi çözündüler. Ayrıca katalizörler scCO2 çözücü ortamında 343 oK ve 1750 psi'de substratın katalizöre oranı 500 koşullarında, silindirik çelik reaktör (100 mL kapasiteli) içinde stirenin hidrojenasyonunda test edildiler. [(R)-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+ BArF-, [(R)-(m-Rf-Ph2)2-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+BArF-, [(R)-(6,6'-Rf)2-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+ BArF- ve [(R)-(m-Rf-Ph2)2-BINAP/PS-PEG reçine ile desteklenmiş]-Rh(COD)]+BArF- katalizörleri stirenin etil benzene dönüşümünde %99 ile %15 arasında etkinlik gösterirken, [(R)-(6,6'-Rf)2-)-(m-Rf-Ph2)2-BINAP]-Rh(COD)]+BArF- katalizörü herhangi bir aktivite göstermemiştir. Dönüşümlerin analizi GC cihazında yapıldı. Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No:FEF2006D13