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Abstract This paper explores sustainable energy management strategies for a remote community on the Island of Bhashanchar in the Bay of Bengal, designated by the Government of Bangladesh to host Rohingya refugee camps. The island lacks utility‐scale power infrastructure, relying primarily on rooftop solar systems. Addressing the challenge of efficient energy utilization, the study analyses the Bhashanchar Community System's energy dynamics, load demand, and renewable energy integration feasibility. The primary objective is to design an optimised hybrid microgrid system to balance energy supply and demand, reducing blackout risks. A Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition based load management system is introduced for real‐time energy distribution, enhancing reliability. The proposed off‐grid hybrid microgrid system includes solar PV, wind, diesel, biomass, wind turbine, tidal turbine, and battery storage. It incorporates priority setting mechanisms to categorise energy sources by reliability, availability, and environmental impact, ensuring consistent, reliable, and sustainable energy supply. The study demonstrates that the proposed system can achieve significant energy savings, around 23%, compared to traditional models, showcasing the effectiveness of the hybrid microgrid approach in powering remote communities with limited conventional energy access.

This study proposes four kinds of hybrid source–grid–storage systems consisting of photovoltaic and wind energy, and a power grid including different batteries and hydrogen storage systems for Sanjiao town. HOMER-PRO was applied for the optimal design and techno-economic analysis of each case, aiming to explore reproducible energy supply solutions for China's industrial clusters. The results show that the proposed system is a fully feasible and reliable solution for industry-based towns, like Sanjiao, in their pursuit of carbon neutrality. In addition, the source-side price sensitivity analysis found that the hydrogen storage solution was cost-competitive only when the capital costs on the storage and source sides were reduced by about 70%. However, the hydrogen storage system had the lowest carbon emissions, about 14% lower than the battery ones. It was also found that power generation cost reduction had a more prominent effect on the whole system's NPC and LCOE reduction. This suggests that policy support needs to continue to push for generation-side innovation and scaling up, while research on different energy storage types should be encouraged to serve the needs of different source–grid–load–storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affordable and clean energy for any rural community is crucial for the sustainable development of the community and the nation at large. The utilization of diesel-based power generation is one of the barriers to the sustainable development of these communities. Such generations require fuel that has a volatile market price and emits massive greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents the design, modeling, and simulation of a hybrid power system for a rural area in the Sultanate of Oman that aims to reduce daily consumption of diesel fuel and greenhouse gas emissions. Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) is utilized to model multiple energy mix hybrid systems and to propose the best optimal energy mix system for a selected community. In addition, Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software is employed to assess hybrid system operational performances, such as bus voltage profiles and active and reactive power losses. This study revealed that the PV–wind–diesel system is the optimal energy mix hybrid microgrid for the Al-Dhafrat rural area in Oman, with a net present cost of USD 14.09 million. Compared to the currently operating diesel-based system, the deployment of this microgrid can reduce the levelized cost of energy, diesel fuel consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions per year by 54.56%, 70.44%, and 70.40%, respectively. This study confirms that the Sultanate of Oman has a substantial opportunity to install a hybrid microgrid system for rural diesel-based communities to achieve sustainable development in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, it is feared that the world will run out of its energy resources soon. Besides, unpredictable fluctuation of diesel prices in electricity generation is affecting the economy of a country. Thus, for developing country that's economically leans on the use of energy, renewable energy resources should be utilized to meet the increasing energy demand. In this regards, the cogeneration system using renewable energy sources is appropriate, because it has the advantage of producing both electrical power and heat energy from a single fuel. It is suitable for commercial clients like hospital buildings which requires to supply both electric and heat load. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the viability to develop a cogeneration system for a hospital building load in Malaysia. The proposed cogeneration system consists of grid connected photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell, and battery. Hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) simulation software is used to perform the techno-economic analysis of the proposed system. The proposed system is then compared with other possible configurations. The economical comparison is based on the total net present cost (TNPC), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), renewable fraction, excess energy production and the pollutant gas emission of the system. The simulation result shows that, the proposed cogeneration system has the lowest TNPC, LCOE and operating cost which are $ 106,551, 0.091 $/kWh and 7245 $/yr respectively. Besides, the proposed cogeneration system is proven environmentally friendly as it only produces total 25,873 kg/yr of pollutant gas. The sensitivity analysis where fuel prices and annual interest rate are considered as sensitive parameters, shows impact on the TNPC and LCOE. Finally, the benefit from the Feed in Tariff (FiT) program provided by the government also has been presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates alternative energy scenarios for Bozcaada island, Turkey. The island has good wind and solar energy potentials while connecting to the grid. So, it is considered a grid connected and standalone system in the study. The system consists of a photovoltaic ( PV ) array, a wind turbine, an electrolyzer, hydrogen storage, a fuel cell (FC) and a converter as the main equipment. Six scenarios, grid, grid/wind, grid/ PV , grid/wind/ PV , wind/FC, and wind/ PV /FC, are simulated using the hybrid optimization model for electric renewables (HOMER) tool to define the optimum systems. The HOMER examines the systems according to their net present costs (NPC) and cost of energy (COE). The results show that the most suitable grid connected system is the grid/wind as $0.103/kW h although the electricity price of the grid is $0.17/kW h. The optimum system in the standalone scenarios is the wind/ PV /FC with a cost of $0.836/kW h. Also, the effects of some parameters, such as wind speed, solar radiation and cost of the equipment, on the system type and COE are examined by using sensitivity analyses. Finally, these systems are investigated from environmental point of view considering CO 2 production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]