Search

This report consolidates U.S. Census information from 1900-2000 to illustrate population changes over the 20th century. The population more than tripled, from 76 million in 1900 to 281 million in 2000. It grew increasingly metropolitan each decade. In 1900, half of the population was under 22.9 years old. By 2000, half of the population was over 35.3 years old. During the century, the population over age 64 increased tenfold. The country's gender composition shifted from majority male to majority female around midcentury. From 1900-2000, the number of non-southern states with populations of at least 10 percent races other than White increased from 2 to 26, reflecting the spread of diversity nationwide. From 1980-2000, the Hispanic population more than doubled. By 2000, California, Hawaii, New Mexico, and the District of Columbia had predominantly minority populations. Before 1950, over half of all occupied housing units were rented. By 1950, homeownership became more prevalent than renting. At the end of the 20th century, householders who were Black, Hispanic, or two or more races were more likely to rent than own their homes. In 1900, the most common household contained seven or more people. From 1940-2000, it contained two people. Between 1950-2000, married couple households declined from more than three-fourths of all households to just over one-half. (SM)

Four Australian cohorts (born in 1961, 1965, 1970 and 1975) were studied between 1980-2000. The life transitions study focused on these three traditional markers of adulthood: (1) moving out of the parental home; (2) establishing an intimate relationship; and (3) buying a home. Incidence of these transitions was analyzed in terms of their relationship to social background, demographic, and labor market factors. The following was found: (1) those born in 1975, especially the females, moved out of the parental home at older ages than in the other cohorts; (2) geographic location and cultural background were two of the strongest influences on leaving home; (3) people, once over age 21, were marrying less and living in de facto partnerships more; (4) educational attainment had a stronger effect on the likelihood of marriage for females than for males; (5) the higher the educational level the less likely a person was to marry before age 25; (6) people were renting homes longer, especially in the two youngest cohorts; and (7) marital status and employment were the only factors with a consistent influence on the likelihood of home ownership. These were among the conclusions included: (1) public policies that target educational participation and employment do influence the capacity for young people to gain independence and complete various transitions into adulthood; and, (2) policies that inadvertently delay attainment of independence can affect Australians' life satisfaction and well-being. (Ten tables/figures are included. The bibliography lists 23 references. Appended are samples and populations; 7 data tables; and multivariate analyses tables). (AJ)

This paper examines patterns of racial change and segregation over the 1990s in the Boston metropolitan area and in three sub-areas, emphasizing whites, blacks, Asians, and Latinos. Soaring minority populations have transformed the city of Boston into a majority-minority urban core and made several satellite cities increasingly multiethnic. The suburbs have a great disparity between white and minority populations, with whites choosing suburban communities over cities. Eighty percent of the metro area's population growth occurred in the suburbs. While most of that growth was among whites, the suburban minority population also increased. Segregation rates between minorities and whites increased slightly, especially for Latinos. The city showed notable progress in reducing segregation, though segregation was still much higher than in the suburbs. The Boston metropolitan areas's child population was more heavily minority and more racially segregated than the population overall. Growth rates of minority homeowners equaled or outstripped even the rapid minority population increase. Segregation is worst for urban black homeowners but dramatically better for blacks in the suburbs and smaller cities. There is no evidence that neighborhoods that were moderately integrated in 1990 underwent dramatic racial change by 2000, though the city saw a substantial increase in multiethnic neighborhoods. Two data tables on the Boston Metro Area for the years 1990-2000 are appended: Change in Population by Race/Ethnicity; and Cities and Towns with Greatest Absolute Change in Population by Race. (Contains 17 figures). (SM)

This paper examines patterns of racial change and segregation over the 1990s in the San Diego metropolitan area, the city of San Diego, and the suburbs, emphasizing whites, blacks, Asians, and Latinos. Minorities contributed to all of metro San Diego's net population growth during the 1990s, with consistently high segregation levels for urban blacks and increasing segregation rates for Latinos metro-wide. The number of whites has declined in the city and suburbs, with Latinos the overwhelming driver of population growth. Asians have also seen dramatic rates of increase. Minority increases have been especially strong in the suburbs. The largest increases in overall segregation are for suburban Latinos. The black population grew much more slowly than other minority groups, though it was disproportionately strong in the suburbs. Asians posted the strongest population growth rate over the decade and are the least segregated from whites. The San Diego metro's child population is more heavily minority and more racially segregated than the population overall. Growth rates of minority homeowners equaled or outstripped even the rapid minority population increase. Despite rapid minority growth, there is no evidence of dramatic racial transition of moderately-integrated areas. Three figures pertaining to the San Diego Metro Area, 1990-2000 are appended: Change in Population by Race/Ethnicity; Community Areas with Greatest Population Change, by Race; and Change in Child Population by Race/Ethnicity. (Contains 18 figures.) (SM)

Minorities contributed to all of metro Chicago's net population growth during the 1990s, with consistently high segregation levels for blacks and increasing segregation rates for suburban Latinos. With the number of whites declining in the city and unchanged in the suburbs, Latinos have been the overwhelming driver of population growth. Asians have also seen dramatic rates of increase. Minority increases have been especially strong in the suburbs. Population growth in the City of Chicago has been substantially slower. Asians are adopting neighborhood settlement patterns similar to those of whites. Chicago's child population is both more heavily minority and more racially segregated than the population as a whole. While the number of Asian and Latino children grew by 50 percent or more, the number of while children in Chicago decreased by 23 percent. Growth rates of minority homeowners outstripped even the rapid minority population increase. Segregation between white and minority homeowners is on par with segregation levels among the overall population and is especially high between black and white homeowners, regardless of city or suburban residence. Given population increases by several different minority groups, the growth of multi-ethnic neighborhoods is notable, particularly in the suburbs. Relatively few Census tracts that were moderately integrated in 1990 made the dramatic transition to become majority-minority by 2000. In the City of Chicago, all tracts that made this transition were predominantly Latino. Three figures are appended: Change in Population by Race/Ethnicity: 1990-2000; Community Areas with Greatest Absolute Change in Population by Race: 1990-2000; and Change in Child Population by Race/Ethnicity: 1990-2000. (Contains 18 figures.) (SM)

Using 1990 and 2000 Census data and Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data, this report documents the continuing proliferation of segregated communities across metropolitan Chicago's 6-county area during the 1990s, highlighting segregation across municipalities and school districts. Racial and ethnic segregation persist in the six-county area, though some neighborhoods and suburbs are integrated or offer integration opportunities. African American/white and Latino/white segregation persists across the whole metropolitan area. Nearly 70 percent of all African Americans, and half of all Latinos, living in an incorporated suburb would have to move to a different suburb to achieve integration with white suburbanites. The home buying patterns of African Americans and Latinos show that the situation is likely only to worsen. Both groups are buying homes segregated from whites and each other. However, some neighborhoods and suburbs illustrate how integration is possible, and many suburbs offer considerable integration opportunities. The people most likely to suffer the consequences of segregation are children. To create integrated African American/white or Latino/white suburban school districts, 68 percent of African American and half of Latino children would have to move to different school districts. Appendix includes details behind the methodology and study findings. (Contains 21 figures and 16 tables.) (SM)

This module on what homeownership is all about is one of ten in the Money Smart curriculum, and includes an instructor guide and a take-home guide. It was developed to help adults outside the financial mainstream enhance their money skills and create positive banking relationships. It is designed to familiarize participants with the process for getting homeownership financing. Topics are the benefits and pitfalls of renting vs. owning a home; readiness to buy a home; different mortgage programs; and basic terms used in a mortgage transaction. Each module consists of an instructor guide, sample promotional flyer, and take-home guide for class participants. The instructor guide provides this information: preparing to present the course; materials and equipment list; and guide to icons. Each page is divided into two columns. The left presents icons to alert the instructor to discussion questions, exercises, transitions, and summaries; the right provides step-by-step directions that enable the instructor to ask questions, provide explanations, show slides, handout materials, and introduce exercises. Handouts and overheads are appended. The flyer follows. The take-home guide is comprised of information sheets; glossary; course evaluation; and "What Do You Know," a pre-and post-form that shows what participants know about banking basics. (YLB)

This report presents data on a wide range of geographic, demographic, social, economic, and housing characteristics for the foreign-born population of the United States. Data for the native population are included for comparison. Data come from the March 2000 Current Population Survey. The core of the report is 22 sections presenting information on the following topics: trends in immigration and the foreign-born population; region of birth; country of birth; geographic distribution; metropolitan areas; length of residence; citizenship status; nativity, parentage, and foreign stock; Hispanic origin and race; age and sex; household size and type; families and related children; children living with foreign-born householders; educational attainment; labor force participation; occupation; earnings of full-time, year-round workers; money income of households; poverty status; means-tested program participation; health insurance; and homeownership Five appendices include: foreign-born and other terms, source and accuracy of estimates, comparison of population universes, nativity questions on the Current Population Survey, and related reports and information. (Contains 22 figures and 28 references.) (SM)

Designed to help present the FHA Homebuyers Education and Learning Program (HELP), this guide answers questions about the home buying process. Successful program completion may entitle the participant to a reduction of the cost of mortgage insurance and, in certain cases, assistance with the downpayment and/or closing costs. Each of five modules is intended for presentation in a 5.5-hour session. The material in the modules includes information, exercises, and activities to apply the concepts and knowledge. Each module ends with an evaluation form. Module I stresses the importance of budgeting for the downpayment and budgeting after the purchase. Module II outlines how to locate a home and the advantages of working with the real estate agent. It explains the purchase contract, offers, and contingencies by pointing out the steps involved when negotiating the price. Module III focuses on selecting a lender, types of mortgages, and processes involved in securing a loan, including the application and pertinent information that must be provided to the lender. It briefly explains how qualifying criteria is evaluated by the lender and discusses Fair Housing Laws and Real Estate Settlement Procedure Act requirements. Module IV covers the steps involved in the homebuying process. Module V highlights the additional responsibilities associated with home ownership and provides tips on performing periodic inspections and repairs to avoid major repair costs. Appendixes include forms, worksheets, and a glossary. (YLB)

This Kids Count report examines statewide trends in the well-being of Washington's children. The statistical portrait is based on indicators in the areas of community population, health and safety, economic well-being, and education, for all of Washington's 39 counties as well its 3 major cities. The specific indicators include: (1) population change; (2) racial group distribution; (3) inadequate prenatal care; (4) births paid for by Medicaid; (5) WIC participation; (6) fatal and non-fatal motor vehicle crashes; (7) toxic chemical releases; (8) child abuse and neglect; (9) home ownership; (10) annual income; (11) unemployment rate; (12) children living in poverty; (13) food bank clients; and (14) academic achievement in math and reading. The first section of the report presents a state summary of highlights, key indicators, and trends. The remainder and bulk of the report presents city and county data tables for each indicator. Among the findings are the following: (1) the state's child population is growing steadily in numbers and diversity; (2) demands for child-related services are challenging current resources; (3) referrals for child maltreatment dropped in most counties; (4) some increase in number of women receiving prenatal care; (5) food bank clients increased; (6) students continue to struggle to meet basic math standards; and (7) an achievement gap in reading and math continues for Native American, African American and Hispanic students. (SD)

Describes a house-buying active learning project designed to motivate students in lower level college mathematics courses. Discusses the mathematical content, implementation, evaluation, and benefits of the project. (Author/ASK)

Cultural and language differences of the elderly Hispanic population and socioeconomic and health problems which afflict them disproportionately represent a unique and difficult challenge to public and private service providers. Information from various federal agencies provided material for a report examining demographic characteristics, living arrangements, marital status, housing tenure, income, poverty, employment status, education, and health of the Hispanic elderly. In 1980, about 791,000 persons of Spanish origin (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, and others) 60 years of age and over represented 2% of the 33 million persons in this age group in the United States. In March 1979, over 83% of older Hispanics lived in metropolitan areas; about 80% lived in a family setting; half of them had completed 6.7 or fewer years of schooling. In 1978 the per capita income in Hispanic families with 65+ heads ($3,749) was only 64% as high as in non-Hispanic families ($5,898); 23% of elderly Hispanics had incomes below the poverty level. The health of the elderly Hispanic population was apparently poorer than that of persons of all races in the same age group, but older Hispanics were less likely to visit doctors or dentists or to be hospitalized. (NEC)

Black people constitute the second largest racial group in the United States. The population grew by 17 percent between 1970 and 1980. This booklet provides the following types of information about black Americans: (1) population trends; (2) residence patterns; (3) economic status; (4) employment status; (5) home ownership; (6) voting potential; (7) education; (8) military service; (9) life expectancy; and (10) family composition. The statistical information is presented in 20 charts and graphs. Thirty-four photographs are included. (VM)

This annual report presents demographic data on households and families for 1983 and highlights some important changes that have occurred in recent years. Nine pages of text precede the 25 detailed tables that compose the major portion of the report. This preliminary text provides an introduction and a user's guide to the tabular material. Briefly described are composition of households, change in household formation patterns, selected characteristics of households, one-parent families, years of school completed by family householders, homeownership, and related reports. Selected highlights of these discussions include the observations that (1) the number of households in 1983 (about 83.9 million) did not increase significantly over the number of households in 1982; (2) average household size dropped from 3.33 persons per household in 1964 to 2.73 persons per household in 1981, but no significant change in the average has occurred during the past 2 years; (3) one-parent families, as a percentage of all families with children, increased from 11 percent in 1970 to 22 percent in 1983; and (4) among all families with children, the proportion of householders completing 4 or more years of college in 1983 was 22 percent, as compared with 9 percent for female householders maintaining one-parent homes. Two appendices provide (1) term definitions and explanations of categories, and (2) information concerning source and reliability of estimates. (RH)

A wide variety of data, collected in 1985 and 1986, is presented in this first biennial report that deals with U.S. housing and the demographic, social, and economic characteristics of its occupants. The U.S. Census American Housing Survey of 1985 is the primary database for the report, which provides an excellent resource for teacher background or student projects. Part 1 of the report covers physical characteristics: types of housing, regional housing patterns, year built, size, plumbing facilities, and water source. Part 2 deals with the housing market and financial characteristics: tenure and mortgage status, home prices, real estate taxes, regional homeowner costs, rental costs, condominiums and cooperatives, and mobile homes. Part 3 presents information on social and economic characteristics: housing occupancy, householder ages and tenure, income, marital status of homeowners and of renters, household mobility, householders with children, elderly, Black, and Hispanic householders. The statistical information is presented narratively as well as graphically in the form of charts, graphs, and tables. (JB)

This is one of a series of booklets prepared as a resource for the American Association of Retired Persons' (AARP) Consumer Housing Information Service for Seniors, a local AARP volunteer program that uses trained Housing Information Volunteers to provide impartial information to older people who have questions of concern about how to find safe, comfortable, affordable housing; how to cut household expenses or use their homes to earn extra income; home maintenance and home improvement; tenants' rights; and local housing subsidy or in-home assistance programs. This booklet provides an overview of homesharing, an arrangement by which two or more unrelated persons share a dwelling in which each retains a private space. It notes that a homesharing arrangement might involve a homeowner and a renter or persons renting a house or apartment together. The ability to tailor a homesharing arrangement to the needs and desires of the persons involved is shown in examples of homesharing with older peers and intergenerational homesharing involving a service exchange. Questions are provided which can help homeowners decide if homesharing is right for them. Considerations which are necessary to make homesharing work are discussed. Two self-questionnaires are included, one for those considering sharing their homes or apartments, and one for those interested in sharing someone else's home or apartment. Guidelines for a lease in a homesharing arrangement and a list of sources for additional information are appended. (NB)

These instructional materials are designed for presenting home ownership information to learners of English as a Second Language (ESL). Eleven lessons are organized into four units addressing the process of ownership, including: deciding to buy a home (determining that current living quarters are too small, getting money to buy a home, credit reports, savings accounts); finding an appropriate home (determining needs, finding a home, deciding how much to offer); getting a mortgage (mortgage loans, shopping for a loan); and home ownership (protecting and maintaining, planning for monthly expenses). The instructional approach integrates language development with practical content. For each lesson, the teacher's guide provides objectives and warm-up and pre-reading activities to activate learners' prior knowledge. Each lesson contains reading passages and comprehension checks, discussion topics, small group and paired oral practice, and writing activities. In addition, exercises help students review vocabulary and grammar. The teacher's guide provides correct responses, resource information, and extension activities. A glossary and list of free resources are included in both student book and teacher's guide. The materials are geared for intermediate English proficiency, but may be used for advanced beginner and advanced ESL levels. (MSE) (Adjunct ERIC Clearinghouse on Literacy Education)

A statistical overview shows improvement in income levels of married-couple families, educational attainment and enrollment, and home ownership among Blacks in the 1970s, but also reveals setbacks influenced by high Black unemployment, sharply increasing divorce and separation rates, and a rise in households maintained by females. (CMG)