638 results on '"HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations"'
Search Results
2. Waarom burgers meedoen in het veiligheidsdomein
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Criminaliteit ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Politieparticipatie ,Burgers ,Burgerparticipatie - Abstract
Burgers kunnen op allerlei manieren samenwerken met de politie en door burgerparticipatie in de veiligheid betrokken zijn. Daarvoor hebben ze verschillende motieven. Een beter inzicht in die motieven kan helpen om burgerparticipatie te verbeteren, maar ook om politieparticipatie te organiseren.
- Published
- 2020
3. Ondermijnende criminaliteit samen aanpakken
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Ketensamenwerking ,Criminaliteit ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Politie - Abstract
Een succesvolle aanpak van ondermijnende criminaliteit vraagt om betrokkenheid van meer partijen dan alleen de politie en het OM. TNO onderzoekt met het Ondermijningslab hoe je die integrale samenwerking tussen verschillende ketenpartners zo effectief mogelijk kan lopen verlopen.
- Published
- 2020
4. Waarom burgers meedoen in het veiligheidsdomein
- Author
-
Lam, J. and Steen, M.G.D.
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Criminaliteit ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Politieparticipatie ,Burgers ,Burgerparticipatie - Abstract
Burgers kunnen op allerlei manieren samenwerken met de politie en door burgerparticipatie in de veiligheid betrokken zijn. Daarvoor hebben ze verschillende motieven. Een beter inzicht in die motieven kan helpen om burgerparticipatie te verbeteren, maar ook om politieparticipatie te organiseren.
- Published
- 2020
5. Onveilig gedrag op internet
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Internet ,Gedrag ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Veiligheid - Abstract
Veel burgers zijn de hele dag door online actief, maar hoe veilig gedragen zij zich op het internet? Bijvoorbeeld met het gebruik van wachtwoorden en online delen van persoonlijke gegevens. Dat valt tegen, blijkt uit onderzoek van de Haagse Hogeschool en het NSCR. Mensen gedragen zich onveiliger dan dat ze zelf zeggen dat ze doen.
- Published
- 2020
6. Samen werken aan een veilige en leefbare buurt met BART!
- Subjects
Burgerparticiaptie ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Politie ,Samenleving ,Sociale media ,Software - Abstract
Om incidenten in hun wijk te melden kunnen burgers in de toekomst BART! gebruiken, een digitaal meldingsplatform waarmee je buren, gemeente en politie op de hoogte brengt. De techniek achter BART! (Burger Alert Real Time) is getest in een proeftuin in Den Haag. Nu is het zaak om het systeem ook bij andere gemeenten te gaan beproeven.
- Published
- 2020
7. Ons cybergedrag is veel onveiliger dan we zelf denken: implicaties voor effectief beïnvloedingsbeleid door de overheid
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Internet ,Gedrag ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Overheid ,Veiligheid - Abstract
In 2018 gaf 8,5% van de internetgebruikers van 12 jaar of ouder aan in de afgelopen twaalf maanden slachtoffer te zijn geweest van online criminaliteit (CBS 2019). In totaal zijn dat jaar 1,2 miljoen Nederlanders slachtoffer geworden van online criminaliteit. Zo werd 2,9% van de Nederlanders slachtoffer van fraude met online handel en 1% slachtoffer van identiteitsdiefstal (CBS 2019). Recente studies laten zien dat de impact van slachtofferschap van dergelijke delicten hoog kan zijn en dat slachtoffers naast financiële schade diverse vormen van psychologische en emotionele schade ervaren.
- Published
- 2020
8. Onveilig gedrag op internet
- Author
-
Hoff-de Goede, S. van 't, Kleij, R. van der, Weijer, S. van de, and Leukfeldt, R.
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Internet ,Gedrag ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Veiligheid - Abstract
Veel burgers zijn de hele dag door online actief, maar hoe veilig gedragen zij zich op het internet? Bijvoorbeeld met het gebruik van wachtwoorden en online delen van persoonlijke gegevens. Dat valt tegen, blijkt uit onderzoek van de Haagse Hogeschool en het NSCR. Mensen gedragen zich onveiliger dan dat ze zelf zeggen dat ze doen.
- Published
- 2020
9. Ondermijnende criminaliteit samen aanpakken
- Author
-
Kerstholt, J., Vos, P., and Koning, L. de
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Ketensamenwerking ,Criminaliteit ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Politie - Abstract
Een succesvolle aanpak van ondermijnende criminaliteit vraagt om betrokkenheid van meer partijen dan alleen de politie en het OM. TNO onderzoekt met het Ondermijningslab hoe je die integrale samenwerking tussen verschillende ketenpartners zo effectief mogelijk kan lopen verlopen.
- Published
- 2020
10. Samen werken aan een veilige en leefbare buurt met BART!
- Author
-
Vries, A. de and Wieland, F.
- Subjects
Burgerparticiaptie ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Politie ,Samenleving ,Sociale media ,Software - Abstract
Om incidenten in hun wijk te melden kunnen burgers in de toekomst BART! gebruiken, een digitaal meldingsplatform waarmee je buren, gemeente en politie op de hoogte brengt. De techniek achter BART! (Burger Alert Real Time) is getest in een proeftuin in Den Haag. Nu is het zaak om het systeem ook bij andere gemeenten te gaan beproeven.
- Published
- 2020
11. Werken aan de veerkracht van burger
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Burgers ,Calamiteiten ,Crisic - Abstract
Burgers zijn niet altijd even goed voorbereid op incidenten, zoals een overstroming of bosbrand. Een serie Community Workshops vanuit het Europese onderzoeksproject SOURCE hielp de veerkracht van burgers te vergroten. De inzichten uit deze workshops zijn ook relevant voor andere crisissituaties, zoals ondermijning en radicalisering.Burgers zijn niet altijd even goed voorbereid op incidenten, zoals een overstroming of bosbrand. Een serie Community Workshops vanuit het Europese onderzoeksproject SOURCE hielp de veerkracht van burgers te vergroten. De inzichten uit deze workshops zijn ook relevant voor andere crisissituaties, zoals ondermijning en radicalisering.
- Published
- 2019
12. Technologie is niet iets wat ons overkomt: oude deugden actueel voor nieuwe technische wereld
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Ethiek ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Technologie - Abstract
We worden omgeven door intelligente machines in allerlei soorten en maten. De opkomst van slimme machines stelt ons voor grote ethische vraagstukken en grijpt diep in op ons mens-zijn. Hoe kunnen menselijke waarden centraal komen te staan in de ontwikkeling van kunstmatige intelligentie?
- Published
- 2019
13. Technologie is niet iets wat ons overkomt: oude deugden actueel voor nieuwe technische wereld
- Author
-
Bal, E. and Steen, M.G.D.
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Ethiek ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Technologie - Abstract
We worden omgeven door intelligente machines in allerlei soorten en maten. De opkomst van slimme machines stelt ons voor grote ethische vraagstukken en grijpt diep in op ons mens-zijn. Hoe kunnen menselijke waarden centraal komen te staan in de ontwikkeling van kunstmatige intelligentie?
- Published
- 2019
14. Ethische vragen rondom Whatsapp buurtpreventie
- Author
-
Steen, M.G.D. and Vries, A. de
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Buurtpreventie ,Criminaliteit ,Whatsapp ,Human & Operational Modelling - Abstract
Burgers gebruiken nieuwe technologie en sociale media om de veiligheid in hun buurt te vergroten, bijvoorbeeld via WhatsApp-buurtgroepen. Dat roept ethische vragen op, bijvoorbeeld over onze privacy. Deugdethiek kan helpen om WhatsApp-buurtgroepen zo te gebruiken dat zij bijdragen aan een rechtvaardige, veilige en prettige leefomgeving.
- Published
- 2019
15. Cybercriminaliteit leeft niet onder retailers
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Cyber ,Security ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Midden- en kleinbedrijf ,Criminelen ,MKB - Abstract
Mkb-retailers in de regio Den Haag zijn nauwelijks weerbaar tegen cybercriminaliteit, blijkt uit onderzoek in opdracht van de gemeente Den Haag. Zij zien het niet als een belangrijk bedrijfsrisico. Hoe krijgen we het midden- en kleinbedrijf zover dat zij zich beter beschermen tegen cybercriminaliteit?
- Published
- 2019
16. Beeld in de meldkamer is mensenwerk
- Author
-
Barnhoorn, J., Menkhorst, M., Schilder, C., and Dongen, K. van
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Beelden ,Meldkamers ,Human & Operational Modelling - Abstract
Meldingen naar 112 worden nu nog telefonisch gedaan. Maar meldkamers verwachten dat burgers en bedrijven steeds vaker beeld zullen willen sturen. Uit de eerste experimenten blijkt echter dat het gebruik van foto’s en video’s in de meldkamer minder vanzelfsprekend is dan het lijkt.
- Published
- 2019
17. Gedragsverandering in militaire operaties : gebruik van meta-cognitieve vaardigheden
- Author
-
Hemert, D.A. van, Berg, H. van den, Schuilenborg, L., and Hof, T.
- Subjects
Communicatie ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Gedrag ,Militaire operaties ,Defence ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Militairen ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences - Abstract
Onder uitdagende omstandigheden, zoals bij het voeren van gesprekken met de lokale bevolking tijdens missies, zijn adequate beïnvloedings- en communicatievaardigheden voor militairen essentieel. In dit artikel bespreken we zogenoemde meta-cognitieve vaardigheden die militairen nodig hebben om effectief te kunnen beïnvloeden in één-op-één interacties. Op basis van een overzicht van relevante meta-cognitieve vaardigheden introduceren we het Stop-Reflect-Switch-schema (SRS). Dit schema biedt een kapstok voor het (beter) toepassen van beïnvloedingsstijlen tijdens één-op-één interacties en omvat drie concrete stappen: het monitoren van informatie en herkennen van signalen van de gesprekspartner, vanuit de omgeving en vanuit jezelf, het interpreteren en overwegen of een andere beïnvloedingsstijl in de interactie opportuun is, en het implementeren van de beïnvloedingsstijl. Het SRS-schema helpt meta-cognitieve vaardigheden structureren en praktisch toepasbaar maken voor militairen, bijvoorbeeld in een trainingscontext
- Published
- 2019
18. Cybercriminaliteit leeft niet onder retailers
- Author
-
Kleij, R. van der, Bruin, I. de, Hoff-de Goede, S. van 't, Ancher, M., and Leukfeldt, R.
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Cyber ,Security ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Midden- en kleinbedrijf ,Criminelen ,MKB - Abstract
Mkb-retailers in de regio Den Haag zijn nauwelijks weerbaar tegen cybercriminaliteit, blijkt uit onderzoek in opdracht van de gemeente Den Haag. Zij zien het niet als een belangrijk bedrijfsrisico. Hoe krijgen we het midden- en kleinbedrijf zover dat zij zich beter beschermen tegen cybercriminaliteit?
- Published
- 2019
19. Ethische vragen rondom Whatsapp buurtpreventie
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Buurtpreventie ,Criminaliteit ,Whatsapp ,Human & Operational Modelling - Abstract
Burgers gebruiken nieuwe technologie en sociale media om de veiligheid in hun buurt te vergroten, bijvoorbeeld via WhatsApp-buurtgroepen. Dat roept ethische vragen op, bijvoorbeeld over onze privacy. Deugdethiek kan helpen om WhatsApp-buurtgroepen zo te gebruiken dat zij bijdragen aan een rechtvaardige, veilige en prettige leefomgeving.
- Published
- 2019
20. Aristoteles in tijden van AI: deugethiek als richtsnoer voor digitalisering
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Ethiek ,Artificiële intelligentie ,Human & Operational Modelling - Abstract
In Europa willen we kunstmatige intelligentie niet gebruiken om spullen te verkopen of burgers in de gaten te houden, maar om maatschappe-lijke problemen op te lossen. Daarbij moeten we onze toevlucht nemen tot de deugdethiek, betoogt TNO-onderzoeker Marc Steen.
- Published
- 2019
21. Aristoteles in tijden van AI: deugethiek als richtsnoer voor digitalisering
- Author
-
Steen, M.G.D.
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Ethiek ,Artificiële intelligentie ,Human & Operational Modelling - Abstract
In Europa willen we kunstmatige intelligentie niet gebruiken om spullen te verkopen of burgers in de gaten te houden, maar om maatschappe-lijke problemen op te lossen. Daarbij moeten we onze toevlucht nemen tot de deugdethiek, betoogt TNO-onderzoeker Marc Steen.
- Published
- 2019
22. Werken aan de veerkracht van burger
- Author
-
Steen, M.G.D., Koning, L. de, and Kerstholt, J.
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Burgers ,Calamiteiten ,Crisic - Abstract
Burgers zijn niet altijd even goed voorbereid op incidenten, zoals een overstroming of bosbrand. Een serie Community Workshops vanuit het Europese onderzoeksproject SOURCE hielp de veerkracht van burgers te vergroten. De inzichten uit deze workshops zijn ook relevant voor andere crisissituaties, zoals ondermijning en radicalisering.Burgers zijn niet altijd even goed voorbereid op incidenten, zoals een overstroming of bosbrand. Een serie Community Workshops vanuit het Europese onderzoeksproject SOURCE hielp de veerkracht van burgers te vergroten. De inzichten uit deze workshops zijn ook relevant voor andere crisissituaties, zoals ondermijning en radicalisering.
- Published
- 2019
23. Gedragsverandering in militaire operaties : gebruik van meta-cognitieve vaardigheden
- Subjects
Communicatie ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Gedrag ,Militaire operaties ,Defence ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Militairen ,Life and Social Sciences ,ELSS - Earth - Abstract
Onder uitdagende omstandigheden, zoals bij het voeren van gesprekken met de lokale bevolking tijdens missies, zijn adequate beïnvloedings- en communicatievaardigheden voor militairen essentieel. In dit artikel bespreken we zogenoemde meta-cognitieve vaardigheden die militairen nodig hebben om effectief te kunnen beïnvloeden in één-op-één interacties. Op basis van een overzicht van relevante meta-cognitieve vaardigheden introduceren we het Stop-Reflect-Switch-schema (SRS). Dit schema biedt een kapstok voor het (beter) toepassen van beïnvloedingsstijlen tijdens één-op-één interacties en omvat drie concrete stappen: het monitoren van informatie en herkennen van signalen van de gesprekspartner, vanuit de omgeving en vanuit jezelf, het interpreteren en overwegen of een andere beïnvloedingsstijl in de interactie opportuun is, en het implementeren van de beïnvloedingsstijl. Het SRS-schema helpt meta-cognitieve vaardigheden structureren en praktisch toepasbaar maken voor militairen, bijvoorbeeld in een trainingscontext
- Published
- 2019
24. Beeld in de meldkamer is mensenwerk
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Beelden ,Meldkamers ,Human & Operational Modelling - Abstract
Meldingen naar 112 worden nu nog telefonisch gedaan. Maar meldkamers verwachten dat burgers en bedrijven steeds vaker beeld zullen willen sturen. Uit de eerste experimenten blijkt echter dat het gebruik van foto’s en video’s in de meldkamer minder vanzelfsprekend is dan het lijkt.
- Published
- 2019
25. Keeping Engaged During Deployment: The Interplay Between Self-Efficacy, Family Support, and Threat Exposure
- Author
-
Roos Delahaij, C.E. van den Berg, and Wim Kamphuis
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Family support ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,02 engineering and technology ,Burnout ,Social support ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,0502 economics and business ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Family ,General Psychology ,media_common ,Self-efficacy ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Resilience ,Level of service ,Work engagement ,05 social sciences ,Defence ,Software deployment ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,Psychological resilience ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,050203 business & management ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
This study investigated the importance of 2 resilience resources for service members’ ability to deal with threat during deployment. Military self-efficacy and family support were measured before deployment and related to work engagement and burnout levels of service members during deployment. We hypothesized that in high threat situations, low self-efficacy would lead to unfavorable outcomes, whereas in low threat situations, high self-efficacy could have negative consequences. In addition, we hypothesized that family support would compensate for both effects. The results showed these expected 3-way interactions. We found that strong self-efficacy helped service members deal with exposure to threatening situations during deployment, leading to more work engagement and less burnout. However, having strong self-efficacy without being exposed to threat during deployment reduced service members’ work engagement and increased burnout. In addition, we found that the presence of family support compensated for these effects. Service members with low self-efficacy benefitted from family support when threat exposure was high, whereas service members with high self-efficacy benefitted from family support when threat exposure was low. As such, family support seemed to act as a compensatory mechanism for the potential negative effects of self-efficacy. This underlines the importance of studying the interplay between resources that help service members deal with deployment experiences. Practical implications relate to supporting service members’ resilience through enhancing multiple resources.
- Published
- 2016
26. Understanding human factors in cyber security as a dynamic system
- Author
-
Young, H.J. and Young, H.J.
- Abstract
The perspective of human factors is largely missing from the wider cyber security dialogue and its scope is often limited. We propose a framework in which we consider cyber security as a state of a system. System change is brought on by an entity’s behavior. Interventions are ways of changing entities’ behavior to inhibit undesirable behavior and increase desirable behavior. Choosing an intervention should take into account the dynamic nature of how humans use cyberspace. People are not likely to change old behavior at the drop of a hat. The key is to invent new ways to maintain old behavior in new circumstances. Our framework differentiates three basic pathways of actor behavior that influence the cyber security of a system. The distinction between reflex, habit and thoughtful paths to action does facilitate the endeavor to develop successful interventions.
- Published
- 2018
27. Understanding human factors in cyber security as a dynamic system
- Subjects
Actor behavior ,Human engineering ,Defence Research ,Defence ,ELSS - Earth ,Computer programming ,Cyber security ,Computer science ,Habitual ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Safety and Security ,2015 Human & Operational Modelling ,Human factors in cyber security framework ,Reflex ,Life and Social Sciences ,Safety ,Thoughtful ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
The perspective of human factors is largely missing from the wider cyber security dialogue and its scope is often limited. We propose a framework in which we consider cyber security as a state of a system. System change is brought on by an entity’s behavior. Interventions are ways of changing entities’ behavior to inhibit undesirable behavior and increase desirable behavior. Choosing an intervention should take into account the dynamic nature of how humans use cyberspace. People are not likely to change old behavior at the drop of a hat. The key is to invent new ways to maintain old behavior in new circumstances. Our framework differentiates three basic pathways of actor behavior that influence the cyber security of a system. The distinction between reflex, habit and thoughtful paths to action does facilitate the endeavor to develop successful interventions.
- Published
- 2018
28. Analysing communication dynamics at the transaction level: the case of Air France Flight 447
- Author
-
David, L.Z. and Schraagen, J.M.C.
- Subjects
Adaptability ,Relational event model ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Resilience ,Defence Research ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Transactions ,Defence, Safety and Security ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,Complex sociotechnical systems ,Team communication ,Air France 447 - Abstract
A system’s continuous adaptability is a vital determinant of its safety. It is thus very important for a system to reach graceful extensibility, the ability to adapt in unexpected situations (Woods in Reliab Eng Syst Saf, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.03.018, 2015). Current methods to study patterns of adaptation have mostly focused on relatively static network relationships of short time scales. We argue that both adaptive and maladaptive patterns of adaptation are rooted in patterned behaviours that should be studied in light of their previous history of transactions. Those patterns may develop over longer time scales yet exert their effects during unexpected situations on shorter time scales. In this study, we focused on communication patterns that played out during the Air France 447 incident. Butts (2008) relational event model was employed to examine the communication dynamics amongst the pilots in the cockpit of flight AF447, and illustrate how communication patterns may be studied by considering sequences of relational events, thus adopting a dynamic, de-contextualised approach to system analysis, at a ‘transaction level’. The analysis of the communication transcript revealed patterned changes in some communication dynamics in the cockpit after the flight entered an unexpected situation, which led to the biased strengthening or weakening of certain links in the network. These changes—even though preliminary due to the limited number of agents analysed—suggest that capturing the structural composition of a system at the transaction level assists in explaining how transactions fail, and can be used for the development of better system structures or training procedures for system interaction.
- Published
- 2018
29. Hardiness differentiates military trainees on behavioural persistence and physical performance
- Author
-
S. Kintaert, Roos Delahaij, Martin Euwema, Jacques Mylle, S. Lo Bue, and John Taverniers
- Subjects
Persistence (psychology) ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Hardiness ,050109 social psychology ,Physical performance ,Persistence ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Social support ,Excellence ,Military ,0502 economics and business ,Personality ,Human & Operational Modelling ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Applied Psychology ,media_common ,05 social sciences ,Sport psychology ,Hardiness (psychological) ,Trait ,Psychological resilience ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,Psychology ,050203 business & management ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Hardiness is a personality trait that drafts courage and motivation during adversity. Research showed that hardiness differentiates elite athletes from their lower rank competitors. In the domain of sport psychology, hardiness also strongly predicts physical performance. Because the military occupation requires resilience and excellence in physical performance, researchers investigated hardiness and behavioural persistence during training. However, in those studies, hardiness’ impact was weak. Besides, military researchers seldom addressed hardiness’ effect on physical performance. We investigated the influence of hardiness on behavioural persistence and physical performance during the military basic training. Participants were 233 trainees involved in a 22-week long basic training. They completed hardiness measures at the beginning of the training and then, two months later, we registered who stayed involved and who had dropped out. The remaining trainees participated in a self-defence exercise and their trainers evaluated their performance. Our analysis indicated that hardiness significantly predicted behavioural persistence: the trainees still involved in the training after two months scored significantly higher on the hardiness scale than those who dropped out (EXP(B) = 1.08; p
- Published
- 2018
30. Hardiness differentiates military trainees on behavioural persistence and physical performance
- Subjects
Persistence ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Military ,Hardiness ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Life and Social Sciences ,ELSS - Earth ,Physical performance - Abstract
Hardiness is a personality trait that drafts courage and motivation during adversity. Research showed that hardiness differentiates elite athletes from their lower rank competitors. In the domain of sport psychology, hardiness also strongly predicts physical performance. Because the military occupation requires resilience and excellence in physical performance, researchers investigated hardiness and behavioural persistence during training. However, in those studies, hardiness’ impact was weak. Besides, military researchers seldom addressed hardiness’ effect on physical performance. We investigated the influence of hardiness on behavioural persistence and physical performance during the military basic training. Participants were 233 trainees involved in a 22-week long basic training. They completed hardiness measures at the beginning of the training and then, two months later, we registered who stayed involved and who had dropped out. The remaining trainees participated in a self-defence exercise and their trainers evaluated their performance. Our analysis indicated that hardiness significantly predicted behavioural persistence: the trainees still involved in the training after two months scored significantly higher on the hardiness scale than those who dropped out (EXP(B) = 1.08; p
- Published
- 2018
31. Analysing communication dynamics at the transaction level: the case of Air France Flight 447
- Subjects
Resilience ,Defence Research ,Defence ,Transactions ,ELSS - Earth ,Team communication ,Adaptability ,Relational event model ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Safety and Security ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Life and Social Sciences ,Complex sociotechnical systems ,Air France 447 - Abstract
A system’s continuous adaptability is a vital determinant of its safety. It is thus very important for a system to reach graceful extensibility, the ability to adapt in unexpected situations (Woods in Reliab Eng Syst Saf, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.03.018, 2015). Current methods to study patterns of adaptation have mostly focused on relatively static network relationships of short time scales. We argue that both adaptive and maladaptive patterns of adaptation are rooted in patterned behaviours that should be studied in light of their previous history of transactions. Those patterns may develop over longer time scales yet exert their effects during unexpected situations on shorter time scales. In this study, we focused on communication patterns that played out during the Air France 447 incident. Butts (2008) relational event model was employed to examine the communication dynamics amongst the pilots in the cockpit of flight AF447, and illustrate how communication patterns may be studied by considering sequences of relational events, thus adopting a dynamic, de-contextualised approach to system analysis, at a ‘transaction level’. The analysis of the communication transcript revealed patterned changes in some communication dynamics in the cockpit after the flight entered an unexpected situation, which led to the biased strengthening or weakening of certain links in the network. These changes—even though preliminary due to the limited number of agents analysed—suggest that capturing the structural composition of a system at the transaction level assists in explaining how transactions fail, and can be used for the development of better system structures or training procedures for system interaction.
- Published
- 2018
32. Citizens’ adaptive or avoiding behavioral response to an emergency message on their mobile phone
- Author
-
Gutteling, J.M., Terpstra, T., and Kerstholt, J.H.
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Warning effectiveness ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,Safety ,NL-alert ,Survey ,Efficacy beliefs ,Perceived threat - Abstract
Since November 2012, Dutch civil defense organizations employ NL-Alert, a cellular broadcast-based warning system to inform the public. Individuals receive a message on their mobile phone about the actual threat, as well as some advice how to deal with the situation at hand. This study reports on the behavioral effects of NL-Alert (n = 643). The current risk communication literature suggested underlying mechanisms as perceived threat, efficacy beliefs, social norms, information sufficiency, and perceived message quality. Results indicate that adaptive behavior and behavioral avoidance can be predicted by subsets of these determinants. Affective and social predictors appear to be more important in this context that socio-cognitive predictors. Implications for the use of cellular broadcast systems like NL-Alert as a warning tool in emergency situations are discussed.
- Published
- 2018
33. Naturalistic decision making
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Psychology ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Life and Social Sciences ,ELSS - Earth - Published
- 2018
34. Citizens’ adaptive or avoiding behavioral response to an emergency message on their mobile phone
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Warning effectiveness ,Life and Social Sciences ,Safety ,ELSS - Earth ,NL-alert ,Survey ,Efficacy beliefs ,Perceived threat - Abstract
Since November 2012, Dutch civil defense organizations employ NL-Alert, a cellular broadcast-based warning system to inform the public. Individuals receive a message on their mobile phone about the actual threat, as well as some advice how to deal with the situation at hand. This study reports on the behavioral effects of NL-Alert (n = 643). The current risk communication literature suggested underlying mechanisms as perceived threat, efficacy beliefs, social norms, information sufficiency, and perceived message quality. Results indicate that adaptive behavior and behavioral avoidance can be predicted by subsets of these determinants. Affective and social predictors appear to be more important in this context that socio-cognitive predictors. Implications for the use of cellular broadcast systems like NL-Alert as a warning tool in emergency situations are discussed.
- Published
- 2018
35. Assessing the structure of non-routine decision processes in Airline Operations Control
- Author
-
Hans Heerkens, Jan Maarten Schraagen, Floor Richters, Industrial Engineering & Business Information Systems, and Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences
- Subjects
Engineering ,Process management ,Operations research ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Decision Making ,Control (management) ,Decision quality ,Poison control ,Fractionated expertise ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Macrocognitive activities ,Task (project management) ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Cognition ,0502 economics and business ,Humans ,Psychology ,Human & Operational Modelling ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Quality (business) ,050107 human factors ,media_common ,050210 logistics & transportation ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Cognitive reframing ,Sensemaking ,Models, Theoretical ,Airline Operations Control ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,Aviation ,business ,Decision-making - Abstract
Unfamiliar severe disruptions challenge Airline Operations Control professionals most, as their expertise is stretched to its limits. This study has elicited the structure of Airline Operations Control professionals' decision process during unfamiliar disruptions by mapping three macrocognitive activities on the decision ladder: sensemaking, option evaluation and action planning. The relationship between this structure and decision quality was measured. A simulated task was staged, based on which think-aloud protocols were obtained. Results show that the general decision process structure resembles the structure of experts working under routine conditions, in terms of the general structure of the macrocognitive activities, and the rule-based approach used to identify options and actions. Surprisingly, high quality of decision outcomes was found to relate to the use of rule-based strategies. This implies that successful professionals are capable of dealing with unfamiliar problems by reframing them into familiar ones, rather than to engage in knowledge-based processing. Practitioner Summary: We examined the macrocognitive structure of Airline Operations Control professionals' decision process during a simulated unfamiliar disruption in relation to decision quality. Results suggest that successful professionals are capable of dealing with unfamiliar problems by reframing them into familiar ones, rather than to engage in knowledge-based processing.
- Published
- 2015
36. Information management in a civilian mission EUCAP Somalia case study
- Author
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Matthias Deneckere, Hans-Christian Schmitz, and Reinout Pienemann
- Subjects
Information management ,Process management ,Situation awareness ,Computer science ,Information exchange ,Somalia ,Interoperability ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS ,Harmonization ,Context (language use) ,Defence, Safety and Security ,02 engineering and technology ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,2015 Human & Operational Modelling ,Civilian missions ,Comprehensive approach ,EUCAP Nestor/Somalia ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Government ,CIVILEX project ,Information sharing ,05 social sciences ,Human Effectiveness ,Situational awareness ,Mission framework ,Security ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,050703 geography ,computer - Abstract
The complexity of contemporary external action missions is increasing with a growing number of civilian and other non-military actors operating in a shared environment. There are currently not sufficient capabilities for civil-military cooperation in place which hinders operational effectiveness and the full exploitation of the information sharing potential. We contribute to the assessment of information exchange requirements by presenting findings from a case study which describes the current state of information sharing and management in a civilian led EU mission, namely EUCAP Somalia. These findings are foreseen to contribute to the development of a future interoperable ‘Situational Awareness, Information Exchange and Operational Control Platform’ (OCP) for European civilian missions. We will argue that in order to meet the requirements an OCP should be designed as a general framework for mission support rather than a stand-alone system.
- Published
- 2017
37. An extended protocol for usability validation of medical devices: Research design and reference model
- Author
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Martin Schmettow, Jan Maarten Schraagen, and R. Schnittker
- Subjects
Medical device design ,Computer science ,Software Validation ,Human Factors ,Graphical user interfaces ,Human engineering ,Generalized linear mixed-effects models ,Longitudinal research ,Health Informatics ,Sample (statistics) ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,010104 statistics & probability ,Usability testing ,Usability engineering ,Human & Operational Modelling ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,0101 mathematics ,Infusion Pumps ,050107 human factors ,Graphical user interface ,TRACE (psycholinguistics) ,Protocol (science) ,Equipment Safety ,business.industry ,Learnability ,05 social sciences ,Bayesian network ,Bayes Theorem ,Usability ,22/4 OA procedure ,Computer Science Applications ,Benchmarking ,Patient safety ,Bayesian networks ,Biomedical equipment ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Safety testing ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,Data mining ,business ,Regression analysis ,computer ,Algorithms - Abstract
Display Omitted A longitudinal extension to common validation protocols for medical devices is proposed.Normative path deviations are used as a measure for fallibility in user-device interaction.A reference regression model for longitudinal validation testing is developed and provided as a statistical program.The extensions are demonstrated in a comparative validation study on syringe infusion pumps. This paper proposes and demonstrates an extended protocol for usability validation testing of medical devices. A review of currently used methods for the usability evaluation of medical devices revealed two main shortcomings. Firstly, the lack of methods to closely trace the interaction sequences and derive performance measures. Secondly, a prevailing focus on cross-sectional validation studies, ignoring the issues of learnability and training. The U.S. Federal Drug and Food Administrations recent proposal for a validation testing protocol for medical devices is then extended to address these shortcomings: (1) a novel process measure normative path deviations is introduced that is useful for both quantitative and qualitative usability studies and (2) a longitudinal, completely within-subject study design is presented that assesses learnability, training effects and allows analysis of diversity of users. A reference regression model is introduced to analyze data from this and similar studies, drawing upon generalized linear mixed-effects models and a Bayesian estimation approach. The extended protocol is implemented and demonstrated in a study comparing a novel syringe infusion pump prototype to an existing design with a sample of 25 healthcare professionals. Strong performance differences between designs were observed with a variety of usability measures, as well as varying training-on-the-job effects. We discuss our findings with regard to validation testing guidelines, reflect on the extensions and discuss the perspectives they add to the validation process.
- Published
- 2017
38. Editorial : Macrocognition : The science and engineering of sociotechnical work systems
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Cognition ,Adaptive thinking ,Psychology ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Complexity ,Expertise ,Life and Social Sciences ,ELSS - Earth ,Human performance - Published
- 2017
39. A tool to quickly increase knowledge for effective coordination in crises
- Author
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Koning, L. de, Dongen, C.J.G. van, Thönissen, F.H., Essens, P.J.M.D., and Vries, T. de
- Subjects
Integrated understanding ,Damage detection ,Collaboration ,Team knowledge ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Information management ,Coordination ,Preparation ,Information systems ,Human resource management ,Human & Operational Modelling ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,Coordination reactions - Abstract
In complex crises, coordination between organizations is challenging. Knowledge needed to coordinate, like responsibilities, capabilities and interdependencies between tasks are often not known or not communicated systematically. As a result, coordination develops gradually and causes confusion. In this paper we describe an approach and tool called 'Profiler', that focuses on quickly increasing knowledge and understanding about the participating organizations while preparing for, or at the beginning of a crisis. Profiler was evaluated during an exercise of 1 Civil Military Coordination Battalion (1CIMICbat). Teams consisting of functional specialists performed a damage and needs assessments after a flooding. The results show that participants that used Profiler increased their knowledge and integrated understanding, when this was initially lacking. Further, participants with improved knowledge and integrated understanding, coordinated more within and between teams, when they perceived to be interdependent. Our results point in the direction that coordination effectiveness and efficiency may be improved with our approach. et al.; Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM); Iterop; KIMOCE; Safe Cluster; Vinovalie - Les Vignerons Dovalie
- Published
- 2017
40. Voorwoord bij Decisions by Design
- Author
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Kerstholt, J.H.
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Human & Operational Modelling ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences - Published
- 2017
41. Design decisions for a real time, alcohol craving study using physio- and psychological measures
- Author
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Lier, H.G. van, Oberhagemann, M., Stroes, J.D., Enewoldsen, N.M., Pieterse, M.E., Schraagen, J.M.C., Postel, M.G., Vollenbroek-Hutten, M.M.R., Haan, H.A. de, and Noordzij, M.L.
- Subjects
Usability ,Perceived burden ,Compliance rates ,Stigmatization ,Data variability ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Wearing comfort ,Food and Nutrition ,Human & Operational Modelling ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,Ecological momentary assessment ,Healthy Living ,Biosensor ,Nutrition - Abstract
The current study was a pilot for an alcohol craving monitoring study with a biosensor (E4 wristband) and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) smartphone app. The E4 wristband was evaluated on compliance rates, usability, comfort and stigmatization. Two EMA methodologies (signal- and interval-contingent design) were compared on data variability, compliance and perceived burden. Results show that both EMA methodologies captured variability of craving and compliance rates were between medium to low. The perceived burden of the designs was high, in particular for the signal-contingent design. Participants wore the wristband ranging from occasionally to often and the usability was rated good. Many participants reported frequent questioning about the bracelet, which they indicated as positive. However, addicted individuals are expected not to appreciate this attention, we therefore propose to provide them with coping strategies. Efforts should be made to increase compliance, we therefore propose the interval contingent design with micro incentives.
- Published
- 2017
42. Individual Resilience Monitoring : A usability study
- Author
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Paradies, G.L., Hoogh, I.M. de, Delahaij, R., Venrooij, W., Wabeke, T., and Kamphuis, W.
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Human & Operational Modelling ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences - Published
- 2017
43. Wearable resilience monitoring and feedback technology: a usability study
- Author
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Delahaij, R., Venrooij, W., Hoogh, I.M. de, Paradies, G.L., and Kamphuis, W.
- Subjects
Stress management ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Sociology ,Human & Operational Modelling ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,Interventions - Published
- 2017
44. Design decisions for a real time, alcohol craving study using physio- and psychological measures
- Subjects
Usability ,Perceived burden ,ELSS - Earth ,Compliance rates ,Stigmatization ,Data variability ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Wearing comfort ,Food and Nutrition ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Life and Social Sciences ,Ecological momentary assessment ,Healthy Living ,Biosensor ,Nutrition - Abstract
The current study was a pilot for an alcohol craving monitoring study with a biosensor (E4 wristband) and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) smartphone app. The E4 wristband was evaluated on compliance rates, usability, comfort and stigmatization. Two EMA methodologies (signal- and interval-contingent design) were compared on data variability, compliance and perceived burden. Results show that both EMA methodologies captured variability of craving and compliance rates were between medium to low. The perceived burden of the designs was high, in particular for the signal-contingent design. Participants wore the wristband ranging from occasionally to often and the usability was rated good. Many participants reported frequent questioning about the bracelet, which they indicated as positive. However, addicted individuals are expected not to appreciate this attention, we therefore propose to provide them with coping strategies. Efforts should be made to increase compliance, we therefore propose the interval contingent design with micro incentives.
- Published
- 2017
45. Het alarmeren en informeren van kwetsbare groepen bij crisissituaties
- Author
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Stel, M., Ketelaar, G., Gutteling, J., Giebels, E., Kerstholt, J.H., and Psychology of Conflict, Risk and Safety
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Human & Operational Modelling ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,Safety - Abstract
Dit rapport is het resultaat van een onderzoekstraject waarin een groot aantal personen een belangrijke bijdrage heeft geleverd. Dit onderzoek zou niet mogelijk zijn geweest zonder de medewerking van instellingen en mensen die geholpen hebben om de kwetsbare groepen te bereiken.
- Published
- 2017
46. Mentale weerbaarheid : monitor en dashboard
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Safety and Security ,Defence ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Life and Social Sciences ,Safety ,ELSS - Earth - Abstract
Weerbaarheid bij de politie heeft de afgelopen jaren veel aandacht gekregen. Politiemedewerkers moeten in uitdagende omstandigheden succesvol kunnen functioneren en ook op de langere termijn gemotiveerd en gezond blijven. Leidinggevenden kunnen een centrale rol spelen in het versterken van de weerbaarheid van medewerkers. Daarbij is echter wel de vraag relevant: hoe weet je of je medewerkers weerbaar zijn? En waar moet je op inzetten om die weerbaarheid te verbeteren?
- Published
- 2017
47. Mentale weerbaarheid : monitor en dashboard
- Author
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Kamphuis, W., Delahaij, R., Venrooij, W., and Smit, A.
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Safety and Security ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Defence, Safety and Security ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,Safety - Abstract
Weerbaarheid bij de politie heeft de afgelopen jaren veel aandacht gekregen. Politiemedewerkers moeten in uitdagende omstandigheden succesvol kunnen functioneren en ook op de langere termijn gemotiveerd en gezond blijven. Leidinggevenden kunnen een centrale rol spelen in het versterken van de weerbaarheid van medewerkers. Daarbij is echter wel de vraag relevant: hoe weet je of je medewerkers weerbaar zijn? En waar moet je op inzetten om die weerbaarheid te verbeteren?
- Published
- 2017
48. Human enhancement
- Subjects
Kosten-baten ,Drivers ,Defence Research ,Defence ,Vehicles ,Truck platooning ,ELSS - Earth ,HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Safety and Security ,Vrachtauto's ,Chauffeurs ,Traffic ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Life and Social Sciences - Abstract
Truck platooning : Twee of drie trucks zijn met een 'virtuele trekhaak' aan elkaar verbonden. De voorste vrachtauto wordt bestuurd door een chauffeur, die erachter volgen vanzelf, geven gas, remmen en sturen automatisch zonder ingrijpen van de bestuurder. Platooning bespaart brandstof, vermindert emissies en levert kostenvoordelen op. Daarnaast kan de chauffeur in de tweede of derde vrachtauto op termijn tijdelijk iets anders doen of even rusten.
- Published
- 2017
49. Editorial : Macrocognition : The science and engineering of sociotechnical work systems
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Cognition ,Adaptive thinking ,Human & Operational Modelling ,Complexity ,Expertise ,Life and Social Sciences ,ELSS - Earth ,Human performance - Published
- 2017
50. Resilience and deployment : The dynamics between personal and homefront resources
- Author
-
Kamphuis, W., Delahaij, R., and Berg, C.E. van den
- Subjects
HOI - Human Behaviour & Organisational Innovations ,Resilience ,Military ,Deployment ,Social Support ,Human & Operational Modelling ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,Stress ,Self-efficacy ,Resources - Published
- 2017
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