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5 results on '"HIV burden"'

1. Estimation of HIV prevalence and burden in Nigeria: a Bayesian predictive modelling studyResearch in context

Author

Amobi Andrew Onovo, Adedayo Adeyemi, David Onime, Michael Kalnoky, Baboyma Kagniniwa, Melaku Dessie, Lana Lee, Deidra Parrish, Bashorun Adebobola, Gregory Ashefor, Otse Ogorry, Rachel Goldstein, and Helina Meri

Subjects
HIV prevalence, HIV burden, Bayesian model, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, Nigeria, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: The cost of population-based surveys is high and obtaining funding for a national population-based survey may take several years, with follow-up surveys taking up to five years. Survey-based prevalence estimates are prone to bias owing to survey non-participation, as not all individuals eligible to participate in a survey may be reached, and some of those who are contacted do not consent to HIV testing. This study describes how Bayesian statistical modeling may be used to estimate HIV prevalence at the state level in a reliable and timely manner. Methods: We analysed national HIV testing services (HTS) data for Nigeria from October 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021, to derive state-level HIV seropositivity rates. We used a Bayesian linear model with normal prior distribution and Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach to estimate HIV state-level prevalence for the 36 states +1 FCT in Nigeria. Our outcome variable was the HIV seropositivity rates and we adjusted for demographic, economic, biological, and societal covariates collected from the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS), 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) and 2016-17 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). The estimated population of 15–49 years olds in each state was multiplied by estimates from the estimated prevalence to generate state-level HIV burden. Findings: Our estimated national HIV prevalence was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.5–2.7%) among adults aged 15–49 years in Nigeria, which corresponds to approximately 2 million people living with HIV, compared to previous national HIV prevalence estimates of 1.4% from the 2018 NAIIS and UNAIDS estimation and projection package PLHIV estimation of 1.8 million in 2022. Our modelled HIV prevalence in Nigeria varies by state, with Benue (5.7%, 95% CI: 5.0–6.3) having the highest prevalence, followed by Rivers (5.2%, 95% CI: 4.6–5.8%), Akwa Ibom (3.5%, 95% CI: 2.9–4.1%), Edo (3.4%, 95% CI: 2.9–4.0%) and Taraba (3.0%, 95% CI: 2.6–3.7%) placing fourth and fifth, respectively. Jigawa had the lowest HIV prevalence (0.3%), which was consistent with prior estimates. Interpretation: This model provides a comprehensive and flexible use of evidence to estimate state-level HIV seroprevalence for Nigeria using program data and adjusting for explanatory variables. Thus, investment in program data for HIV surveillance will provide reliable estimates for HIV sub-national monitoring and improve planning and interventions for epidemiologic control. Funding: This article was made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR).

Published
2023
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2. Retrospective analysis of comorbidities and treatment burden among patients with HIV infection in a US Medicaid population.

Author

DerSarkissian, Maral, Bhak, Rachel H., Oglesby, Alan, Priest, Julie, Gao, Emily, Macheca, Monica, Sharperson, Camara, and Duh, Mei Sheng

Subjects
*HIV-positive persons, *COMORBIDITY, *OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases, *HIV infections, *RETROSPECTIVE studies, *MEDICAID, *HIV infection complications, *AGE distribution, *POLYPHARMACY
Abstract

Objective: Comorbidities and comedications are important factors influencing optimal therapy because people are living longer with HIV infection. This study describes the long-term comorbidity profile and treatment burden among people with HIV-1 infection.Methods: This retrospective study included Medicaid claims data from patients with ≥1 antiretroviral (ARV) claim between 2016 and 2017 (most recent claim defined the index date), ≥1 HIV diagnosis within 1 year before index, age ≥18 years at first HIV diagnosis and <65 years at index, ≥12 months of continuous eligibility before index, and no history of HIV-2 infection. Comorbidities, concomitant medication use, and pill burden were assessed in the 4 years before index. Analyses were stratified by patient age and treatment experience.Results: Among 3456 patients, the mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 47.1 (10.4) years; the majority were black (55%) and men (63%). In general, the prevalence of comorbidities increased from the fourth year to the first year before index and included cardiovascular disease (28-40%), hypertension (24-37%), hyperlipidemia (12-17%), and asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (13-19%). Concomitant medication use corresponding to these comorbidities slightly increased over time. In the year before index, mean (SD) daily pill burden was 2.1 (1.4) for ARVs and 5.9 (5.9) for non-ARVs. Older age and prior treatment experience were associated with higher rates of comorbidities and greater pill burden.Conclusions: In people with HIV infection, comorbidities and concomitant medication use increased with age, supporting considerations for streamlined ARV regimens highlighted in treatment guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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3. A review of current trends in HIV epidemiology, surveillance, and control in Nigeria.

Author

Bassey AE and Miteu GD

Abstract

The HIV epidemic remains a public health challenge in Nigeria, with about 1.9 million people living with the virus in 2020. Despite progress in controlling the epidemic, challenges remain, including inadequate funding and limited access to prevention and treatment services for key populations. This article provides an overview of the HIV control system in Nigeria and the current state of the HIV control system in Nigeria. It provides recommendations for strengthening the response to the epidemic. Contributions of government agencies, international partners, and civil society organizations are required to reduce this epidemic. This article highlights the need to strengthen surveillance systems, increase access to testing and treatment, enhance prevention strategies, address stigma and discrimination, increase funding, and expand research and development. The impact of antiretroviral therapy on HIV management is also discussed. Over the last decade, Nigeria has made significant progress in controlling the HIV epidemic, with a decline in new infections and increased treatment coverage. However, more work is needed to achieve the 95-95-95 targets set by the joint united nations programme on HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for 2030, and a multi-pronged approach is required to address the social and structural determinants of health that drive the epidemic. By implementing the recommendations outlined in this article, Nigeria can make significant progress towards ending the HIV epidemic and improving the quality of life for those living with the virus., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Published
2023
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4. Thirty Years of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Argentina: An Assessment of the National Health Response

Author

Lavadenz, Fernando, Pantanali, Carla, Zeballos, Eliana, Adaszko, Ariel, Borruel, Miguel, Falistocco, Carlos, Kaynar, Vanesa, Laplacette, Graciela, Levite, Valeria, and Vignau, Liliana

Subjects
AIDS, prevention, health system strengthening, HIV burden, key populations, vertical transmission, MSM, DALYS, results-based financing, ART treatment, universal access
Abstract

This book delves into the combination of factors that make Argentina a success story in combating HIV/AIDS. It analyzes the national and inter-provincial burden of disease, the demographics of new HIV cases, the demand and supply-sides of service delivery, and conducts a cost-benefit analysis of the Argentine National HIV/AIDS Program from 2000 to 2010. This book will be of interest to those who wish to examine key programmatic innovations that have been essential to Argentina’s success in the fight against HIV/AIDS, such as the introduction of universal free antiretroviral treatment, a comprehensive legal framework for sexual and reproductive rights, the introduction of incentives and results-based financing in the HIV/AIDS program, electronic monitoring of supplies and medicines, and implementation of an electronic clinical governance system for improving the quality of care and patient follow-up. The 1992 creation of the National HIV/AIDS Program was a fundamental step for Argentina to reach the second lowest burden of HIV/AIDS in South America in 2010. Despite these successes, the fight against the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Argentina still poses continuous challenges, including a high number of new infections among young men who have sex with men, inequalities in HIV/AIDS rates between provinces, insufficient coverage of HIV diagnostic testing, relatively low expenditure on HIV prevention, and poses the question regarding the long-term financial sustainability of the program, considering the increasing number of patients in treatment and the high comparative cost of antiretroviral treatment.

Published
2015
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5. Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990-2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

Author

Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Tomislav Mestrovic, Abhay Gaidhane, Christopher J L Murray, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Mohammad Sadegh Rezai, Babayemi O Olakunde, Fakher Rahim, Ashwin Kamath, Getinet Kassahun, Ekaterina A. Aleksandrova, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Guan Wang, Irina Filip, Edmond D Brewer, Samad Azari, Yasir Waheed, Fahad Alanezi, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Shadi Rahimzadeh, Jane Jean-Hee Lee, Sajjad Ahmad, Molly R Nixon, Marwa Rashad Salem, Bach Xuan Tran, Linh Phuong Doan, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Sanjay Basu, Andem Effiong, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Keivan Ahmadi, Azeem Majeed, Fariba Dorostkar, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Patrick D. M. C. Katoto, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Aparna I Narayana, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Muhammed Elhadi, Ronny Westerman, Avina Vongpradith, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Mohamed Hsairi, Kate E. LeGrand, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Shirin Djalalinia, R V Polibin, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Andreea Mirica, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Hafte Kahsay Kebede, Aziz Rezapour, Joshua A. Salomon, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, K M Shivakumar, Khaled Khatab, Yusra Ahmed Salih, Ifeanyi Jude Ezeonwumelu, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Jae Il Shin, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Bulat Idrisov, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Rajesh Sagar, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Mohammed Feyisso Shaka, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Giang Thu Vu, G Anil Kumar, Gulfaraz Khan, Sonali G. Choudhari, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Adnan Kisa, Hisham Atan Edinur, Stephen S Lim, Bay Vo, Ramesh Holla, Chythra R Rao, Priya Rathi, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Siyan Yi, Denis O Roshchin, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Min Seo Kim, Ghobad Moradi, Souranshu Chatterjee, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Shafiul Haque, Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Rezaul Karim Ripon, Kevin S Ikuta, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Jalal Arabloo, Themba G. Ginindza, José Neves, Darshan B B, Sonali Kochhar, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Yeong Yeh Lee, Himal Kandel, Xuefeng Liu, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Mariam Molokhia, Aletta E. Schutte, Manasi Kumar, Ionela-Roxana Glavan, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Rosa A. S. Couto, Marina Pinheiro, Smita Pakhale, Saif Ullah, M. Mofizul Islam, Fabio Barra, Till Bärnighausen, Azizbek A Boltaev, Umar Saeed, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Davood Anvari, Hina Shamshad, Sergey Soshnikov, Paul Ward, Alimuddin Zumla, Jeffrey W. Eaton, Babak Moazen, Maciej Banach, Satish Saroshe, Iván Landires, Hedayat Abbastabar, Simone Ferrero, David Laith Rawaf, Addis Aklilu, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Rakhi Dandona, Jaykaran Charan, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Tanuj Kanchan, Pradhum Ram, Shrikant Pawar, Salahuddin Mohammed, Arief Hargono, Zubair Kabir, Ermiyas Mulu Kebede, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyamu, Rabia Hussain, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Sumaira Mubarik, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Woldesellassie M. Bezabhe, Judie Arulappan, Omid Dadras, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Hooman Tadbiri, Thomas Elliot Nyirenda, Aklilu Endalamaw, Zohra S Lassi, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Arif Mohammed, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Lalit Yadav, Yun Jin Kim, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Milena Ilic, Veer Bala Gupta, Nima Rezaei, Maheswar Satpathy, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Harish Chander Gugnani, Jasvinder A. Singh, Chao Cao, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Modhurima Moitra, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Wondimu Ayele Manamo, Syed Amir Gilani, Victor Adekanmbi, Omid Rezahosseini, Yousef Mohammad, Abera Getachew Obsa, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, Taklo Simeneh Yazie Yazie, Aman Yesuf Endries, Soodabeh Aghababaei, Ziad El-Khatib, Alexander Kwarteng, Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Voilet Rodrigues, Lemma Demissie Regassa, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Takeshi Fukumoto, Abdiwahab Hashi, Amanda Novotney, A Koyanagi, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Gizachew Assefa Tessema, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Hanadi Al Hamad, Rajesh Elayedath, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Rekha Thapar, Daniel Diaz, Salman Rawaf, Muktar A Gadanya, Senad Handanagic, Tushar Garg, Ritesh G. Menezes, Laura Dwyer-Lindgren, Lalit Dandona, Vivek Gupta, Muluken Altaye Ayza, Khezar Hayat, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera, Christine Lin, Louisa Degenhardt, Peter Meylakhs, Parvaiz A Koul, Austin Carter, Chuanhua Yu, Ranjani Somayaji, Dan J. Stein, Molly H Biehl, Ted R. Miller, Mehrnoosh Samaei, Amanual Getnet Mersha, Harapan Harapan, Tahvi Frank, Richard Charles G Pollok, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Sezer Kisa, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Sapna Gupta, Onome Bright Oghenetega, Hubert Amu, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Savita Lasrado, Praveen Hoogar, Nikha Bhardwaj, Lillian Mwanri, Olatunde Aremu, Emmanuel Peprah, Mostafa Hosseini, Haidong Wang, Sergey K Vladimirov, Tayyaba Akram, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Mahaveer Golechha, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Nithin Kumar, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Roxana Jabbarinejad, Fares Alahdab, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih, Animut Tagele Tamiru, Oluwatomi Funbi Owopetu, Dinh-Toi Chu, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Rohollah Kalhor, Alaa Makki, Kamal Hezam, E S Abhilash, Deepa Jahagirdar, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Shoaib Hassan, Ramaiah Itumalla, Archith Boloor, Kewal Krishan, Yohannes Tekalegn, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Daniel A Adeyinka, Simon I. Hay, Sahar Eftekharzadeh, Ismaeel Yunusa, Richard G. Cowden, Nuno Taveira, Masoud Foroutan, Habtamu Gebrehana Belay, Sami Almustanyir, Tudorel Andrei, Catherine Bisignano, Bhawna Gupta, Birhanu Wubale Yirdaw, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Ali Kabir, Richard G. Wamai, Feroze Kaliyadan, K. M. Saif-Ur-Rahman, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Ahmad Azam Malik, Saira Afzal, Yousef Moradi, Sayeh Ezzikouri, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Danilo Buonsenso, Inayat Ur Rehman, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Adithi Shetty, Xiaochen Dai, Florian Fischer, Sabina O Nduaguba, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Alexander C. Tsai, Andrew T Olagunju, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Vardhmaan Jain, Monika Sawhney, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Masood Ali Shaikh, Nauman Khalid, Mohsen Naghavi, Maarten J. Postma, Zahid A Butt, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Yanzhong Wang, Mahesh P A, Magdalene K. Walters, Ali H. Mokdad, Muhammad Naveed, Nitin Joseph, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Keshab Deuba, Sadia Bibi, Raghu Radhakrishnan, Abdallah M. Samy, Tezera Moshago Berheto, Allen Seylani, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Shafiu Mohammed, Irena M Ilic, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Mohamed M. Gad, Eugenio Traini, Ziad A. Memish, Nour Mheidly, Samer Hamidi, Aisha Elsharkawy, Gbenga A. Kayode, Jean B. Nachega, Mosiur Rahman, Katrin Burkart, Soheil Hassanipour, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Hmwe H Kyu, Tarik A. Rashid, Amare Belachew Dagnew, Ravi Prakash Jha, Ranil Jayawardena, Amir Radfar, Ali Bijani, Tarang Parekh, Mohammad Farahmand, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Emilie R Maddison, Sandra B. Munro, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Amadou Barrow, Liaqat Ali, Vahit Yigit, Mohammed Shannawaz, Mohammad Ali Moni, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Sepideh Ahmadi, Hayimro Edemealem Merie, Himanshu Khajuria, Brijesh Sathian, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), and Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, IMPACT, Epidemiology, Immunology, Hiv epidemic, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Global Health, medicine.disease_cause, Global Burden of Disease, Cost of Illness, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Pregnancy, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Cause of Death, Virology, medicine, Humans, Epidemic control, Mortality, Child, PROGRESS, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, RISK, Estimation, business.industry, Public health, Incidence (epidemiology), virus diseases, SUCCESS, HIV, Articles, CARE, medicine.disease, Mental health, Sex specific, AIDS, Infectious Diseases, EAST, Sex-specific burdens, Female, business, HIV burden, Global epidemiology, Development goals, Demography
Abstract

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold

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