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Occurrence patterns of konoshiro gizzard shad Konosirus punctatus larvae and juveniles were examined in Tokyo Bay by monthly samplings using the following two types of gear: a small seine net towed at three tidal flats in the inner bay from June 2006 to August 2008 and at three surf zones in the outer bay from April 1998 to March 1999 except July 1998; and a ring net towed at five sites in offshore waters of the outer bay from April 1996 to March 1997 except August 1996. Their ontogenetic intervals were also determined by the development of swimming- and feeding-related characters based on 129 cleared and stained specimens of 3.6-25.1 mm in body length, BL. In the outer Tokyo Bay, specimens collected from offshore waters were 1,114 individuals ranging from 3.0 to 7.2 mm BL, while those from surf zones being 4,991 ranging from 7.8 to 34.1 mm BL. Specimens collected from the tidal flats of inner Tokyo Bay was 1,800 individuals ranging from 5.2 to 18.3 mm BL. Four developmental phases were detected on both the swimming and feeding functions. Spawning grounds of K. punctatus are suggested to be formed in offshore waters, lower reaches of rivers and a brackish lagoon of the inner Tokyo Bay as well as offshore waters of outer Tokyo Bay. The surf zones and tidal flats of Tokyo Bay were clarified to be a nursery ground for K. punctatus larvae/juveniles. However, the larval body size when the number of individuals starts decreasing was different between the tidal flats, > ca. 10 mm BL and the surf zone, > ca. 18 mm BL. Based on the developmental phases, K. punctatus larvae/juveniles would acquire the functional, juvenile swimming and feeding abilities at about 18 mm BL, and thus the decrease in the surf zones are considered to be an active behaviour to shift their habitats for more adequate growth. However in the tidal flats of inner bay, the decrease in number is not accounted by habitat shifts but supposed to be caused by such other factors as the water quality, extent of tidal flats and/or any other unknown causes., 東京湾外湾の沖合5地点（稚魚ネット：1996年4月～1997年3月）と砕波帯3地点（地曳網：1998年4月～1999年3月）および内湾の干潟域3地点（地曳網：2006年6月～2008年8月）で採集したコノシロの仔稚魚について、その出現状況を明らかにした。さらに129個体（体長3.6～25.1mm）を透明骨格標本にし、遊泳・摂餌機能に関する形質の発達を観察した。外湾の沖合では1,114個体（体長3.0～7.2mm）が、砕波帯では4,991個体（7.8～34.1mm）が、さらに内湾の干潟域では1,800個体（5.2～18.3mm）が出現した。関連形質の発達に基づいて、遊泳・摂餌機能別の発育段階をそれぞれ4段階設定した。産卵場は外湾の沖合だけではなく、内湾の沖合や河川下流域、あるいは汽水の潟湖などに形成されることが示唆された。外湾の砕波帯と内湾の干潟域はコノシロ仔稚魚の成育場であるが、採集された個体数は干潟域では体長10mm以上、砕波帯では18mm以上になると減少しはじめた。体長18mmで稚魚としての遊泳・摂餌能力が獲得されるため、砕波帯での個体数の減少は、より良い成長をするために積極的な生息場の移動をおこなった結果だと考えられた。しかし内湾の干潟域における個体数の減少は、生息場の移動では説明できないため、水質や干潟域の規模、あるいは何らかの他の要因に起因すると推定された。, David E. ANGMALISANG(Corresponding author), Hitoshi IMAI and Hiroshi KOHNO: Laboratory of Ichthyology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), デイビッド E. アンマリサン・今井仁・河野 博: 東京海洋大学魚類学研究室, Hitoshi IMAI: Present address: Japan Wildlife Research Center, 今井仁: 一般財団法人 自然環境研究センター, Hiroshi KOHNO: Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), 河野博: 東京海洋大学学術研究院海洋環境科学部門

関数をスペクトル法で近似した場合，得られた近似関数は元の関数の滑らかさに応じた速さで元の関数に収束することが知られている．本論文では，スペクトル法特にスペクトル選点法を用いて，1変数関数の性質を数値的に調べた．数値実験には，一つの特異点と様々な滑らかさを有するいくつかの1変数関数を用意した．数値計算結果は満足のいくものであった．近似関数だけを用いて定義された数値誤差を用いて，元の関数の滑らかさが数値的に決定された．区間分割の手法を併用することで，元の関数の特異点の場所も近似的に決定された．, When the function is approximated by using the spectral method, it is well known that the approximate function converges to the original one at a speed corresponding to the smoothness of the original one. By using the spectral method, especially the spectral collocation method, in this paper the property of one-variable functions is analyzed numerically. Some one-variable functions with one singularity and the different smoothness are prepared for numerical experiments. Numerical results are satisfactory. The smoothness of the original function is determined numerically by using numerical errors defined by approximate functions. By using the method of interval partitioning together, the position of the singularity of the original function is also determined approximately.

Species native to oceanic islands are highly sensitive to the ecological impacts of invasive alien species, especially ants. The Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands are located approximately 1000 km south of mainland Japan and have a characteristic insular ecosystem. The risk of ecological harm via human and cargo transportation has increased as the number of tourists visiting the islands has grown since their designation as a World Natural Heritage Site. To evaluate the risk of biological invasion, we surveyed the ant faunas at ports of Tokyo Bay on the Japanese mainland and the Ogasawara Islands using sticky traps baited with honey and tuna. Our findings indicated that ant species composition was remarkably different between the ports of Tokyo and Ogasawara, and potential alien species were detected in both areas. The baited traps were likely to be more attractive than the non-baited traps, but need to be improved in future research. In particular, this is the first study to detect the invasive big-headed ant Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius) in mainland Japan, which likely arrived from Ogasawara via an ocean liner. Our study demonstrates the importance of periodically monitoring around ports to detect alien ants during the early invasion stage, when control and eradication methods are more effective.

本論文において，我々は野球の打撃フォームの角度解析を行うために初歩的な手法を提案する．我々はデータとして2次元の写真，角度解析には3Dソフトを使う．我々の手法においてキーとなる手続きは，選手の写真と野球場の寸法表から打撃フォームの3次元データを再構築することである．我々の手法を適用してプロ野球と大リーグの選手の打撃フォームの差異を調べる．テイクバック時の肩の方位角を数値で求めることができた．数値結果はプロ野球と大リーグの選手の打撃フォームに異なる特徴があることを示唆している．, In the paper, we propose an elementary method to carry out angle analysis of batting form in baseball. We use 2D photos as data and 3D software for angle analysis. The key procedure is reconstruction of 3D data of batting form by using player's photos and the baseball field dimensions. We apply our method to investigate difference in batting form of NPB(Nippon Professional Baseball) and MLB(Major League Baseball) players. Shoulder azimuth in stance phase is estimated numerically. Numerical results suggest different features of batting form among NPB and MLB players.

In the original publication of the article, the Table 1 was incorrectly published.Tapinoma melanocephalum (TM) and Camponotus nipponicus (CN) were labeled incorrectly as “absence” and “presence” at Takeshiba, respectively. The correct version of the table is given below where TM is labelled as “presence” and CN is labelled as “absence”.

The Hoggard–Whalley–Wilmott equation is introduced to model portfolios of European type options incorporating transaction costs. The model gives rise to a nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation (PDE), whose nonlinearity reflects the presence of transaction costs. We show analytically the existence of solutions which are not necessarily convex nor concave. Numerical treatments are also given, which are devised to effectively handle an infinite domain and unbounded solutions.

AlInN layers were directly grown on AlN/α-Al 2 O 3 (0 0 0 1) epitaxial templates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Indium incorporation coefficient was decreased with increasing the growth temperature. The crystalline quality and the composition of the grown films were strongly affected with the growth temperature and large compositional splitting was observed at 750 °C. Both photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence showed very complicated spectra in the photon-energy range of 2.4–4.3 eV, and the origin of these emissions were caused by a potential minima formed by compositional inhomogeneity. Absorption edge for the Al 0.91 In 0.09 N was larger than 4.3 eV.

東京水産大学魚類学研究室, 財団法人自然環境研究センター

1999年4月～2001年3月に館出湾の砂浜海岸砕波帯の汀線域と沖浜で小型地曳網によりシロギス仔稚魚を採集し,出現や食性等を明らかにした。出現は主に7～9月で,とくに沖浜で多かった(沖浜,14,106個体;汀線域,302個体)。しかし両者で体長差はなかった(沖浜,12.9±4.3mm ;汀線域,13.2±6.8 mm)。主な餌生物は,体長13.9mmまではカラヌス目であり,14.0mmで多毛網が,17.0mmではアミ目が加わった。出現状況や食性等から,砕波帯,とくに沖浜は,シロギス仔稚魚の重要な成育場と考えられた。

We investigated the outcome of the patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis who had visited our hospital from 2007 to 2013. We compared them with the patients with type C liver cirrhosis, matched in gender and in age. The patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis who dropped out accounted for 19.3% (17 cases) of the whole. In 401 days of mean treatment period, the median value of the dropout patients was 43 days, indicating that a number of the patients dropped out in an early stage. The percentage of abstinence from alcoholic drinking was 35.3% in the dropout groups, whereas it was 67.6% in the non-dropout groups. It was conceivable that the abstinence was difficult for the dropout groups to perform. The percentage of the dropout in patients receiving livelihood protection was 35.7%, which was higher than that in general patients. There were no differences of the rate of dropout in general patients between alcoholic and type C liver cirrhosis. Since none of the patients with type C liver cirrhosis receiving livelihood protection dropped out, it was speculated that the cause of liver cirrhosis may be related to the rate of dropout. In summary, a number of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis have a difficulty in abstinence from alcoholic drinking. We also have to be careful to the high rate of dropout in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis receiving livelihood protection. In addition, it was thought that early incentive and education were important for these patients.

We study the evolution of spiral-shaped polygonal curves by crystalline curvature. Crystalline curvature is known to extend the notion of ordinary curvature to the special class of nonsmooth curves. With the assumption of symmetry, we show that the motion of our spirals can be analyzed up to the rest state, possibly beyond singularities.

Modern physics theories claim that the dynamics of interfaces between the two-phase is described by the evolution equations involving the curvature and various kinematic energies. We consider the motion of spiral-shaped polygonal curves by its crystalline curvature, which deserves a mathematical model of real crystals. Exploiting the comparison principle, we show the local existence and uniqueness of the solution.

We consider one-phase Stefan problems for the equationu i =u xx +u 1+a (α>0)in one-dimensional space, which have blow-up solutions for a larger initial data. In this paper, the global existence result for our problem is proved by using energy inequalities. More precisely, if α>1 an initial function is sufficiently small, then the free boundary is bounded and\(|u(t)|_{L^\infty } \) decay in exponential order.

This paper establishes an existence and uniqueness theorem for quasiperiodic solution to nonlinear ordinary differential system with a perturbed term of the formdz/dt = U(t, z) + eF(t, z, e) without passing through the notion of pseudoperiodic functions. A limitation of parametere within which the theorem is valid can be given explicitly and a neighborhood of an approximate solution where the uniqueness of quasiperiodic solution is guaranteed also is given explicitly. The perturbed nonlinear oscillators such as Duffing type and Van der Pol type are studied.

The magnetic resonance phase-contrast technique for the measurement of flow velocity and volume in true and false lumens was studied in six patients with chronic dissecting aneurysms. Phase-contrast images were obtained at a level perpendicular to the dissecting aneurysms of the descending aorta. As the maximum diameter of aneurysms increased, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the false to the true lumen increased and the peak average velocity in the true lumen during systole was decreased. This technique proved invaluable for determining prognosis and operability for this condition.

A mathematically rigorous procedure to estimate the Hausdorff dimension of the attractor is given. The method is based on invoking the Kaplan-Yorke-type estimate, through extending the argument of Constantin, Foias, and Temam.

The simplified magnetic Bénard; equations (SMB) are derived from the two-dimensional magnetic Bénard system and extend the well-known Lorenz equations (L). (SMB) contains a parameter Q associated with the magnetic field. When Q = 0, the long time dynamics of (SMB) agrees with that of (L). In this paper, we investigate the long time behaviour of (SMB) as Q→0. We prove analytically that the global attractor of (SMB) converges to the one of (L) as Q→0 upper semicontinuously in the Hausdorff sense. However, numerical computation indicates that generically there is no continuity in the dimension of the attractor.

症例は62歳男性.1988年4月肺結核発症.多剤耐性結核にて排菌止まらず, 1990年8月21日に右肺上葉切除施行.その後気管支瘻となり同年10月9日に気管支瘻閉鎖, 胸郭成形を行うも気管支瘻再発し右MRSA膿胸を併発, 同年12月20日右腋窩前方に膿胸腔を開放した.連日の包交にて創面の浄化をはかり, 創面MRSA感染は持続したものの, 1991年4月2日創面掻爬, 気管支瘻閉鎖を行い, 同4月16日Scapular Flapにて開放創面の被覆閉鎖を施行した.手術手技は右肩甲部にてcircumflex scapulararteryの横走するcutaneous branchを中心に14×8cmの皮膚弁を作成し, 腋窩背側部の筋間にトンネルを開け有茎にて創面へ誘導, 創縁にflapを全周性に縫合し肺raw surfaceを含む浅い開放創全体を被覆した.術後MRSAによる小膿瘍が創縁に生じたが, 数回の小処置にて現在創下端に僅かな皮膚瘻を残すのみで, 開放創の閉鎖にほぼ成功した.

The aim of this paper is to show numerical treatment of analytic continuation by high-accurate discretization with multiple-precision arithmetic. We deal with the Cauchy problem of the Laplace equation and an integral equation of the first kind with an analytic kernel. We propose high-accurate discretization based on the spectral method, and show some numerical examples with our proposed multiple-precision arithmetic.

This paper examines multihop cellular networks. There are some issues in these networks, such as route loss due to topological change and packet errors due to wireless nodes relay. To overcome these issues, we use a multiple route coding scheme in which packets are transmitted on multiple routes from a user node to multiple base stations. This scheme can achieve a diversity gain by combining packets that are transmitted along multiple routes. Some challenges must be met to establish multiple routes for this scheme. In this paper, we propose a routing protocol for multiple route coding. The key idea of this proposed scheme is using a hybrid routing protocol. This can mitigate an increase in control packets and multiple disjoint routes can be constructed. We evaluate the performance of this proposed scheme.

In this study, the authors developed a new seat ride evaluation method for transient vibrations by measuring the static and dynamic body pressure distribution of the seat cushion and the seat back, and subdividing the resulting pressure distribution data from the seat back into six sections and that from the seat cushion into nine sections. The authors found the difference in the body pressure change rate over time for the measured seats. Seat ride evaluation tests during transient vibrations revealed that the smaller the change in body pressure over time, the better the score obtained in the subjective evaluation. Tests also showed that unpleasant sensations could be determined from transient vibrations by the extent of the fluctuation in the dynamic body pressure rate. The new evaluation method can be utilized for improving the structure and physical properties of each seat part. For the covering abstract of the conference see ITRD E206480.

We study one-phase Stefan problems for semilinear parabolic equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions in one-dimensional space. We show behavior of free boundaries of blow-up solutions at finite blow-up time and numerical experiments for our problem.

Free boundary problems are very important from a practical view point because real phenomena often involve free boundaries. Their accurate numerical analysis is so much desired, however its performance is not easy. The reasons are as follows: first, free boundary problems involve unknown domains; usually their geometries are not simple, moreover sometimes change of topology occurs; second they are essentially nonlinear. The first difficulty is quite different from that of fixed boundary problems. So main interest in development of numerical methods has been in the treatment of unknown domains.

Ill-posed problems are usually solved by the transformation to minimization problems. They are ill-conditioned, then additional techniques, i.e. regularizations, are adopted to avoid the oscillation. In practical problems they are usually so complicated that it is not easy to adopt such effective techniques. Here two points should be focused on for practical problems. First, high accuracy is not necessary. Second, engineers who have much experience about the problems know how to deal with them qualitatively. These points suggest the validity of flexible minimizers. In this paper the fuzzy theory is introduced to construct such minimizers and it is applied to an ill-posed shape design problem. Numerical results are satisfactory.

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a new technique for the evaluation of myocardial metabolism. Recently, localized MRS has been clinically available to measure by a non-invasive method the relative concentrations of the high-energy phosphate metabolites in the myocardium. We performed ECG gated P-31 MRS using ISIS (image-selected in vivo spectroscopy) in 15 normal volunteers, 12 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 12 with left ventricular hypertrophy, 6 with dilated cardiomyopathy and 11 with specific heart muscle disease. Myocardial peak height ratios of PCr/gamma-ATP, Pi/gamma-ATP and PCr/Pi were measured. Myocardial P-31 MRS demonstrated a significant decrease in the ratio PCr/ATP in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and specific heart muscle disease as compared with normal subjects, indicating myocardial metabolic disturbance in these patients. The ratio of PCr/ATP in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy did not differ significantly from that of normal subjects. However, exercise MRS revealed a marked decrease of PCr peak in an asymptomatic patient with dilated cardiomyopathy, which may indicate a latent metabolic disturbance in the myocardium of dilated cardiomyopathy.

症例は44才, 男性.38才時に左大腿原発骨肉腫に対して膝上切断術を受けている.4年を経て胸部X線写真上, 緩徐な発育を示す境界明瞭な肺内腫瘤, 胸郭内腫瘤を認め, 骨シンチグラフィにて著明な集積像を同部位に認めるところから骨肉腫の転移としてこれを肺切除, 胸壁部分切除により治療し, 病理学的に骨肉腫の転移であることを確認した.2年後に胸壁, 縦隔, 横隔膜, 後腹膜に広汎に再発を来した.やはり骨シンチグラフィにて強い集積像を認めた.アルカリフォスファターゼ値が異常高値を示した.骨肉腫転移の再燃として残存肺別除, 胸膜全切除, 心膜広汎切除, 横隔膜左半亜全切, 胸壁広汎切除をともなう拡大切除術を施行した.術後, アルカリフォスファターゼ値は正常化した.患者は再切除後2年の現在, 健在であり社会復帰できている.