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The first handbook of the birds of Africa was completed in 1905 by Anton Reichenow (1847–1941). Based in the Berlin museum for almost 50 years, he described 152 African taxa that are still recognised as valid species today, and was considered by his contemporaries as a key figure in the development of African ornithology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, an attempt has been made to present, chronologically and in a systematized form, the development of ornithological studies at the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia (Bulgaria) from its foundation in the last decades of the 19th century to the present day. This 135-year period (1889–2024) includes the work of 12 curators of the ornithological collections. Their major contributions and most-significant ornithological publications are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, an attempt has been made to present, chronologically and in a systematized form, the development of ornithological studies at the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia (Bulgaria) from its foundation in the last decades of the 19th century to the present day. This 135-year period (1889–2024) includes the work of 12 curators of the ornithological collections. Their major contributions and most-significant ornithological publications are also presented.

Egg collections have been poorly studied and cataloged both in Brazil and overseas. In Brazil, there is a lack of both historical and current tradition of establishing and curating egg collections. This paper provides information about the size of collections, collecting dates, major collectors, geographic locations, and institutions holding egg sets of Brazilian birds. Through this effort, we recovered part of the history of Brazilian ornithology and provide general directions for those interested in studying egg sets deposited in scientific collections. We retrieved information from 5,888 egg sets collected in Brazil between 1818-2022, currently deposited at 45 institutions/museums. The four largest egg collections in Brazil are at MZUSP, MN, COMB and MPEG. However, around half of the egg sets are deposited in institutions from Europe (mainly at MLUH and ZMB in Germany, NMW in Austria, NHM in the UK, and CRRM in Romania) and the USA (mainly at the WFVZ). Most egg sets were collected between the 1890s and 1930s, and after 2010. In Brazil, 70% of the egg sets were collected in five Brazilian states (MG, SP, SC, PA, and RS). Overall, egg collecting was uneven in space and time. We traced ~330 egg collectors, but most egg sets were collected by José Caetano Guimarães Sobrinho, while Caio Guimarães Chagas was probably the greatest collection owner in Brazil. A recent increase in egg collecting shows a renewed interest in assembling this type of bird vouchers. A scientifically sustained, planned and ethical collection of eggs should continue in Brazil since the breeding biology of many species is still poorly known, and since egg sets are important to provide data for new studies on the ecology, evolution, and conservation of Brazilian birds.

Examining the three volumes of birds assembled by Marcus zum Lamm (1544–1606), a Calvinist lawyer, court official, and church councillor in Heidelberg, this article explores visual and material cultures at a Calvinist court. We argue that Lamm was a pioneer in the production of new ornithological knowledge, an entrepreneur and enthusiast who experimented with colors and the arts in order to develop a means of representation that captured the vibrancy of feathers as a new and hitherto-unexplored feature for the classification of birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Charles and Emile Parzudaki were well-connected natural history dealers of nineteenth-century Paris, many aspects of their life and work remain unknown. The example of two letters from Emile Parzudaki to Robert Champley that accompanied three great auk (Pinguinus impennis) eggs to the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig in Bonn reveal new aspects of the Parzudaki enterprise, indicating at least some travelling and collecting activities of Charles Parzudaki beyond Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Written version of a presentation which was held during the Annual General Meeting of the German Ornithologists Society in 1997 in Neubrandenburg, and which received much acclaim. The author relates the personal histories of some 15 outstanding ornithologists (most from Eastern and Western Europe) now deceased who lived around the middle of the twentieth century. The scientific achievements of the people involved are barely touched upon; rather the tenoraccent of the presentation is an investigation of the impact of socio-political relationships on their scientific activities and the involvement of some of the scientists in politics. The author presents the facts not as accusations or indictments, but rather as a stimulus to the younger generation of scientists to consider the issues, in particular to think "What would I have done if I had lived there or at that time?" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article concerns the practices, materials, and landscapes of ornithological knowledge in the twentieth century. It engages with the canon of geographical work emphasizing the active materiality of surroundings in matters of perception, alongside more speculative engagements advocating an expanded conception of nonhuman agency in the creation of place. I focus on the use of the bird hide on Speyside, with a view to guarding and documenting the lives of ospreys from 1956 onward. Drawing on previously untapped more-than-representational elements within the writing of author John Berger, I argue that hides work to produce a deceptive version of landscape. Attention to hides offers a means to draw back the conceptual curtain obscuring the lively relations of humans and birds dwelling in negotiated proximity. Too often modern capitalist life is marked by our failure to meet the animals' gaze, reckoning with their capacities to observe us. I formulate an account of landscape attentive to the "look" of the animal in how they emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Behavioural ecology; biodiversity; introduced species; history of ornithology; nest building This article reports successful and failed artificial introductions of a number of bird species, when these species appeared in certain regions, and dates and approximate numbers of known shipments of birds released in deliberate introduction attempts. Behavioural ecology, biodiversity, introduced species, history of ornithology, nest building. [Extracted from the article]

William Smyth, unable to get work in a New Zealand museum, ran a commercial taxidermy business at Caversham, Dunedin, from about 1873 to 1911 or 1912. His two decades of correspondence with Thomas Frederic Cheeseman at the Auckland Museum provide a case study of Smyth's professional interaction with one of New Zealand's main museums. We have used this and other sources to paint a picture of Smyth's activities and achievements during a time when there was great interest in New Zealand birds but few local taxidermists to preserve their bodies. Besides the Auckland Museum, Smyth supplied specimens to various people with museum connections, including Georg Thilenius (Germany) and Walter Lawry Buller (New Zealand). Smyth was probably self-taught, and his standards of preparation and labelling were variable, but he left a legacy for the historical documentation of New Zealand ornithology by the large number of his bird specimens that now reside in public museum collections in New Zealand and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Honey-buzzard (Pernis apivorus) was first accurately described and clearly distinguished from the Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) by Francis Willughby and John Ray in their Ornithology, originally published in Latin in 1676. Alfred Newton's statement that Pierre Belon had described the species over a century earlier is not entirely correct, as Belon confused this honey-buzzard's features with those of the common buzzard and even appeared uncertain whether it was a separate species. One of Willughby's important contributions to ornithology was the identification and use of "characteristic marks" to distinguish and identify species, including those that distinguish the European Honey-buzzard from the Common Buzzard. Because Willughby provided the first accurate description of Pernis apivorus and because his contribution to ornithology has never been formally recognized - we propose that the common name of the European Honey-buzzard be changed to Willughby's Buzzard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural history, across disciplines, is essential for the continuation of science, especially as we attempt to identify the myriad of threats that biodiversity faces in this rapidly changing world. Recording the natural history of birds is perhaps the most prominent, widespread and long‐standing pursuit of this activity. Yet, there is a distinct decrease in publishing of natural history in the ornithological sciences. Concomitantly, the natural history information being published is often in small and regional journals, less accessible by the global ornithological community. We argue that historical natural history needs a modern reinvigoration, and should focus on placing natural history observations in the context of an anthropogenically altered world – ‘unnatural history’. This includes, but is not limited to, behavioural adaptations, novel diet choices, hybridization and novel adaptations to urbanization. Here, we elaborate on natural history's place in modern ornithology, how this relates to citizen science and the potential cost of ignoring it. Ultimately, increased accessibility of natural history observations, encouragement of amateur ornithologists' participation in professional societies (and vice versa) and targeted citizen science projects are potential mechanisms by which to reinvigorate natural history in 21st century ornithology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social history of science offers a means of understanding the role played by amateur scientists in scientific activities performed in Mexico City during the final third of the 19th century. A case in point involves the German, Otto von Brackel-Welda, one of many foreigners residing in the capital who became inserted into networks of scientific inquiry in Mexico when, in 1875-1876, he proposed two ornithological projects based on the utilitarian conception of scientific knowledge of Mexican fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexican ornithology has seen a curious trajectory, beginning with remarkably well documented indigenous knowledge, progressing to colonial expeditions and intensive nineteenth-century exploration. The baton passed to collectors and scientists from the United States of America around the beginning of the twentieth century, and most recently to Mexican scientists. The documentation of Mexican bird diversity grew in each of these phases, but has now become a Mexican enterprise, thanks to the combined availability of information (both from within the country and that 'repatriated' from around the world) and funding (provided in largest part by the Mexican government). This evolutionary process of a science community is perhaps general and global, but with different phases emphasized in different countries, and at diverse points in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gesnerus is the property of Schwabe Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper I study the engagement of German ornithologists with the Collared Dove, a bird species of Asian origin that spread massively throughout Central Europe in the 1940s and 1950s. Never before had the spread of a single species attracted so much attention from European ornithologists. Ornithologists were not only fascinated by the exotic origin of the bird, but even more so by the unprecedented rapidity of its expansion. As it is argued in the paper, the advent of the bird created an outstanding opportunity for ornithologists to study the process of biogeographic range expansion. The paper traces how knowledge on the dove's expansion took shape in the social, discursive, and material practices of a large-scale observation campaign of German ornithologists (both amateurs and academics). The paper also argues that ornithologists’ observation practices have contributed to the construction of a benevolent cultural image of the Collared Dove. This sets the case of the Collared Dove apart from many recent debates in which newly arriving species have been framed as a threat to biodiversity. The paper contributes both to a historical understanding of scientific fieldwork as well as of the role of scientific knowledge in the shaping of cultural meanings of animals. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Charles Aiken was a Colorado ornithologist and specimen dealer whose career spanned almost sixty years, roughly 1870-1930. He was an entrepreneurial naturalist who operated a long-running commercial natural history dealership in Colorado Springs, which enabled him to pursue his passion for birds and make important contributions to American ornithology. Definitive studies of Colorado and Rocky Mountain avifauna were based on his personal specimen collection and extensive residential knowledge. However, his contributions to ornithology have largely been forgotten, highlighting the fact that collectors like Aiken were "invisible technicians." This article examines the importance of specimen dealers to the science of natural history, suggesting that the tools we use to examine the careers of scientists can also be useful in understanding those commercial collectors who provided scientists with the materials they needed to produce scientific knowledge. The first half follows Aiken's career from his early training in natural history through to the operation of his natural history dealership. The second half considers Aiken's contributions to American ornithology, providing insight into the social and scientific status of collectors in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century America. I consider whether specimen dealers are best classified as amateurs, professionals, or scientists. I also examine the tensions engendered by collectors' commercial practices, and how scientific publication acted as a boundary between collectors and those scientists who used their specimens in the production of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oskar Heinroth was a pioneering German ornithologist of the early-mid 20th century whose three major contributions to ornithology have been largely overlooked. First, he conducted a systematic comparative study of the avian social signals and other behaviours (in waterfowl, including hybrids) and was the first to recognise that their instinctive, ritualized displays could serve as taxonomic criteria. Konrad Lorenz later developed the idea and also gained most of the credit for it. Second, Heinroth, together with his first wife Magdalena, hand-reared about 1,000 individuals of 286 species of birds in their apartment over 28 years, documenting and photographing their development. The results, published in four substantial volumes (1924-1933) were well received, but the deteriorating financial and political situation in Germany before WWII, together with the lack of an English translation, meant that the project received less attention than it warranted. Third, Heinroth provided a framework for studying and understanding the behaviour of birds that included detailed observations throughout the animals' life; making use of tame individuals; and comparisons between captive and wild individuals. The value of this approach to the study of behaviour is exemplified by the Heinroths' results from rearing European Nightjars Caprimulgus europaeus in their apartment. We propose that these contributions as well as numerous other anecdotes and observations in Heinroth's publications merit further examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of ornithology in South Dakota can be divided into several general periods. The initial natural history forays into what was to become South Dakota, including the Lewis and Clark expedition, occurred during the first half of the 1800s and form a period of exploration. During the latter half of the 1800s, sponsored government surveys traversed western North America, including the western Dakotas, while settlement predominated in the east, and ornithological efforts focused on a more complete catalogue of birds within particular regions. Efforts of a number of individual ornithologists during the late 1800s and first half of the 1900s built upon these initial studies to provide more complete catalogues of birds of particular regions within the state. It was also during this period that the first comprehensive treatments of the statewide avifauna appeared. A seminal event in the ornithological history of South Dakota was the founding of the South Dakota Ornithologists' Union in 1949 and this organization still strongly supports bird research in the state. Ornithology content published in the Proceedings generally reflects these historical trends. Efforts to more precisely define the status and distribution of birds in the state remain an important focus of ornithology, and such content occurs in the Proceedings from its inception until today. More recent years have witnessed the diversification of bird studies in South Dakota and this is also reflected in publication trends in the Proceedings. Early ornithology content published in the Proceedings focused on history, natural history notes, and poultry science. Major foci of ornithology content in the Proceedings from 1960-1989 included contaminant effects, habitat associations and ecology. Habitat associations and ecology remained prominent ornithology topics in the Proceedings during the last quarter-century, but conservation and management, climate change and physiology have increased in coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores parts of the first South African woman ornithologist's life and work. It concerns itself with the micro-politics of Mary Elizabeth Barber's knowledge of birds from the 1860s to the mid-1880s. Her work provides insight into contemporary scientific practices, particularly the importance of cross-cultural collaboration. I foreground how she cultivated a feminist Darwinism in which birds served as corroborative evidence for female selection and how she negotiated gender equality in her ornithological work. She did so by constructing local birdlife as a space of gender equality. While male ornithologists naturalised and reinvigorated Victorian gender roles in their descriptions and depictions of birds, she debunked them and stressed the absence of gendered spheres in bird life. She emphasised the female and male birds' collaboration and gender equality that she missed in Victorian matrimony, an institution she harshly criticised. Reading her work against the background of her life story shows how her personal experiences as wife and mother as well as her observation of settler society informed her view on birds, and vice versa. Through birds she presented alternative relationships to matrimony. Her protection of insectivorous birds was at the same time an attempt to stress the need for a New Woman, an aspect that has hitherto been overlooked in studies of the transnational anti-plumage movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The German naturalist, Juan Cristóbal Gundlach (1810-1896), resided in Cuba for the last 57 years of his life, except for two expeditions to Puerto Rico in 1873 and 1875-1876, when he explored the southwestern, western, and northeastern regions. Gundlach made representative collections of the island's fauna, which formed the nucleus of the first natural history museum in Puerto Rico. He substantially increased the number of species known from the island, and was the first naturalist to make meticulous observations and produce detailed reports of the island's natural history. Gundlach greatly influenced other naturalists in the island, so that a period of concerted advancement in knowledge of natural history occurred in the 1870s. That development coincided with the establishment of the first higher education institutions in the island, including the first natural history museum. The natural history museums eventually closed, and only a few of their specimens were passed to other institutions, including foreign museums. None of Gundlach's and few of his contemporaries' specimens have survived in Puerto Rico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1761, Maryland merchant and amateur naturalist, Henry Callister wrote 'A Dissertation on Swallows' in response to five questions posed by a Dr Chandler. His accounts of eight Maryland species include accurate descriptions of behaviour as well as external anatomy. His brief description of the tree swallow ( Tachycineta bicolor) may be one of the earliest accounts of this species. On the disappearance of swallows in winter, a topic of debate in the eighteenth century, Callister cited a number of reasons why he concluded that migration rather than hibernation was the explanation for this phenomenon. He noted differences in the habits of similar species in America and Europe and commented on the use of chimneys for nesting by chimney swifts ( Chaetura pelagica), and the fact that some birds incorporated human-made fibres in their nests. These observations led him to conclude that, similar to humans, non-human species are capable of adapting to their environment, an idea remarkably advanced for his time. There is no evidence that Callister's dissertation reached its intended destination which may have been Reverend Dr Samuel Chandler, a Fellow of the Royal Society of London at that time. But this document demonstrates that Henry Callister was an enthusiastic and perceptive observer of nature and that he had the ability to use his observations to develop general concepts and a deeper understanding of the world around him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We identify the little known, anonymous author of a treatise on nightingales, Traité du rossignol, as Nicolas Venette (1633-1698), a physician based in La Rochelle, France. As well as writing about nightingales, Venette had a wide range of scientific interests, and produced several other books, including an extraordinarily popular sex manual. In his nightingale monograph Venette made observations and wrote in a logical, 'scientific' manner, critically assessing previous speculations about the causes of migration in birds. In addition, he was the first to describe the phenomenon of migratory restlessness and to accurately identify its biological significance. Venette is therefore one of a small number of individuals who began the development of scientific ornithology in the seventeenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marking of individual birds has a long history in ornithology. This inexpensive and simple practice has been used to shed light on migration, behavior, and age-specific survival and recruitment. However, problems associated with markers and tags have often been overlooked. Wing tags have been used for over 40 years on frigatebirds, but their effects on this family of highly aerial seabirds have not been examined. Following higher than expected nest failure of treatment birds in the previous breeding season, we designed a study to test the impact of wing tagging and other standard capture and sampling methods on the nest success of Magnificent Frigatebirds ( Fregata magnificens). Twelve nests were assigned to each of various band, measure, bleed, wing tag, and control treatments in the 2010/2011 breeding season on Barbuda, West Indies. We modeled nest fates using generalized linear models. Wing tags had a substantial negative effect on pre-fledging nest success, which was 42 % (10/24) for control nests, 39 % (14/36) for all non wing-tagged treatments, and 15 % (7/48) for wing-tagged treatments. We also conducted two meta-analyses, with different effect size calculations, to explore the general impact of wing and patagial tags on all birds. Our log odds ratio model showed a significant effect on survival and hatch and nest success, while our standardized mean difference model dealing largely with outcomes of behavioral, condition, and reproductive parameters (e.g., number of chicks and hatch date) showed no difference between marked and control birds. We consider possible mechanisms by which wing tags might contribute to lower nest success in frigatebirds, and propose that alternative markers be considered carefully before being applied to any species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on dragonflies and damselflies. It states that the first ancestral relatives of modern birds started to capture and eat the progenitors of dragonflies and damselfies about 100 million years ago. The insect order Odonata contains the damselflies and dragonflies about around 6000 species of odes reportedly exist worldwide. Raptors are cited as some of the highest-profile predators of odonates.

August Joseph Corda collected from November 1848 - August 1849 in Texas an unknown number of birds for the National Museum in Prague (NMP), but his collection perished in sea during his return way in September 1849. At least ten specimens, all from Texas, reached NMP as samples sent by Corda before his departure. Six of them are still deposited in the NMP. Below I present their list and discuss relevant issues of this first exploratory expedition of an NMP's curator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At least 61 bird species were described as new to science on the basis of specimens collected during the Gmelin Expedition to the Caspian Sea in 1768-1774. All of the type specimens are lost. I revised the taxonomic identity and type localities of the taxa on the basis of published data, including original descriptions. I restricted the type localities of most of the taxa involved. New taxonomic conclusions are as follows: (1) Anas cinerea S.G. Gmelin, 1774a is synonymous with Aythya ferina (Linnaeus, 1758); (2) Anas cinerea Pennant, 1776 is synonymous with Bucephala clangula (Linnaeus, 1758); (3) Anas gmelini Latham, 1790 is synonymous with Aythya nyroca (Güldenstädt, 1770); (4) Anas lurida S.G. Gmelin, 1774a is synonymous with Aythya nyroca (Güldenstädt, 1770); (5) Anas peregrina S.G. Gmelin, 1774a is synonymous with Anas penelope Linnaeus, 1758; (6) Emberiza arundinacea S.G. Gmelin, 1774a is a nomen oblitum, being a senior subjective synonym of Emberiza (schoeniclus) pyrrhuloides Pallas, 1811; (7) Motacilla obscura Hablizl, 1783 is a nomen dubium; (8) the Caucasian-Elburz subspecies of Prunella modularis (Linnaeus, 1758) should be called Prunella modularis orientalis (Sharpe, 1883); (9) taxonomic meaning of Parus luteus S.G. Gmelin, 1774b was fixed by designation of a lectotype; (10) Saxicola maurus variegatus (S.G. Gmelin, 1774b) applies to trans-Caucasian form of Saxicola maurus (Pallas, 1773); (11) the northern Caucasian form of Saxicola maurus (Pallas, 1773) should be called Saxicola maurus amaliae (Buturlin, 1929); (12) Saxicola torquata armeniaca Štegman, 1935 is synonymous with Saxicola maurus variegatus (S.G. Gmelin, 1774b); (13) Porphyrio veterum dates from Pallas (1811b); and (14) Porphyrio poliocephalus caspius Hartert, 1917 is synonymous with Porphyrio porphyrio veterum Pallas, 1811b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a checklist of the birds of Nicaragua as of 1993, compiled by ornithologist Thomas R. Howell. The checklist includes information on each bird species. The residential or seasonal status of birds are categorized into permanent resident, winter resident, summer resident, transient and visitor while their geographic region(s) of occurrence are the Pacific Region, Central Highlands and the Caribbean Region. The types of habitat(s) occupied by the birds are designated as thorn forest and scrub, deciduous (monsoon) forest, humid lowland forest, cloud forest, highland pine or pine-oak, lowland pine savanna, grassland, aquatic habitats, mangroves, forest edge and moderate elevation. Also included are the species' degree of abundance and additional notes of special interest.

J. F. Miller's Icones animalium (1785) is a very rare book; only two copies (both incomplete) are known to survive. It is, however, nomenclaturally important, as some of Miller's names are the first for the species in question. A second edition was published in 1796 with a text by George Shaw. It is on this edition, entitled Cimelia physica, that much of the identification of Miller's names has been based. This author examined copies of both editions to determine whether variable colourings in different copies could have affected the identification of the species depicted. In fact, no departures from previous identifications resulted. The appendix discusses the bird plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the major developments in Russia before 1917 regarding the protection of wild birds and issues related to ornithology. The outbreak of the First World War, and the failure of the Draft Husting Law of 1915 greatly hindered Russian advances on both the ornithological and conservationists fronts. Russians developed their own ideas about bird protection and by the late nineteenth century, many of them understood peculiarities of avifauna, climate and geography of Russia and distinctive characteristics of relevant Russian public habits and culture.

Copyright of Journal of Ornithology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ornithology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ornithology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ornithology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ornithology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ornithology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Presents a report entitled `On the Origin of Some Birds Collected by George Such, and the Type Localities of Several Forms,' which summarizes a study conducted by George Such in the early 19th century on birds from eastern Brazil.

The article expresses concern over the archiving for future generations of handwritten notebooks recording ornithological history by Norfolk bird watchers. Topics covered are the bird diaries, album of sketches and correspondence with the British Birds Rarities Committee (BBRC). It also mentions the Cley Observatory logs of renowned bird artist and field ornithologist Richard Richardson and the diaries of teacher David Butt and Phil Hollum.

The article highlights several amateur ornithologists who contributed to the history of Great Britain's ornithology including Edgar Chance, Arthur Landsborough Thomson and Edward Armstrong. It notes that most of the papers published in the ornithological journals in 1960s were the result of works done by these amateurs. It states that ornithology has moved into professional era during the 20th century much due to the success of post-war conservation ethics.