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Seabird colonies with long-term monitoring records, i.e., > 50 years, are rare. The population data for northern gannets (Morus bassanus) in Cape St. Mary's (CSM) Ecological Reserve (Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada) is robust, extending back to 1883 when the colony was presumed established. We inferred the colony's historical population shifts by measuring ornithogenic proxies in a dated sediment record collected from a nearby pond. Our record extended to the early eighteenth century, but the proxy data only began to show significant signs of seabird presence between ca. 1832 and 1910, aligning with the period gannets were first observed at CSM. Through the twentieth century, we observed significant increases in δ15N, P, Zn, Cd, and chlorophyll a, coeval with a shift in the dominant diatom species, indicating rapid colony growth. The proxies were overall highest in ca. 2005, corresponding to the reported historical maximum of the gannet colony in 2009. Our results validate that paleo-reconstructions using ornithogenic proxies can accurately reflect population trends and provide a stronger understanding of the colony's establishment and growth. This study highlights the value of applying paleolimnological methods in seabird population studies to frame the history of a colony's dynamics and inform conservation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiversity science is in a pivotal period when diverse groups of actors – including researchers, businesses, national governments, and Indigenous Peoples – are negotiating wide-ranging norms for governing and managing biodiversity data in digital repositories. The management of these repositories, often called biodiversity data portals, can serve either to redress or to perpetuate the colonial history of biodiversity science and current inequities. Both researchers and Indigenous Peoples are implementing new strategies to influence whom biodiversity data portals recognise as salient participants in data management and use. Two notable efforts are the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and CARE (Collective benefit, Authority, Responsibility, Ethics) Data Principles. Actors use these principles to influence the governance of biodiversity data portals. 'Fit-for-use' data is a social status provided by groups of actors who approve whether the data meets specific purposes. Advocates for the FAIR and CARE Principles use them in a similar way to institutionalise the authority of different groups of actors. However, the FAIR Principles prioritise the ability of machine agents to understand the meanings of data, while the CARE Principles prioritise Indigenous Peoples and their data sovereignty. Together, FAIR and CARE illustrate a broader emerging strategy for institutionalising international norms for digital repositories about who they should recognise as having a formal role in determinations of the fitness-for-use of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1975, my parents-in-law met in Lourenço Marques (Maputo, Mozambique). The period preceding their engagement was marked by profoundly contrasting experiences. Because of his political activities against the Estado Novo dictatorship, he was conscripted into the Portuguese Commandos and participated in the conflict that unfolded in northern Mozambique. Conversely, she travelled from the Portuguese metropolis to Lourenço Marques as a child (following her grandfather's promotion in public service), and had a happy childhood and adolescence, as documented in a collection of Super 8 films that were entrusted to me. How to reconcile such opposite experiences? And how to honour a legacy of images that do not cease to question me in the critical present? This photo-text essay focuses on a set of images that go beyond the commonly accepted depictions of Portuguese colonialism to problematize issues of resistance, indifference and complicity, showing how private and seemingly insignificant visual materials take part in collective forms of enunciation. It stresses the importance of landscape in conveying unassimilable and traumatic aspects of Portugal's problematic history, examining how different discourses and imaginal references about war and colonialism reflect various perspectives, experiences and sensibilities, which may or may not align with each other. Ultimately, by drawing on an experimental, self-reflexive and visual approach to history, the essay encourages readers to actively engage in shaping alternative public memories, capable of encompassing the intricacies and diverse facets of history's manifold manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate on the restitution of African cultural heritage has brought greater attention to the history of colonial violence, especially to the dispatch of so‐called 'punitive' expeditions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Expanding knowledge on the genealogy of this particularly brutal form of military campaign, this article explores the historical semantics of the German term 'Strafexpedition' and its contextual use in the organ of militarist colonial propaganda at the time in Imperial Germany, the Deutsches Kolonialblatt. Through a content analysis of the occurrence of the term and its correlate, this study aims to bridge the fields of semantics and colonial historiography and lays the groundwork for a macro‐history of events of spoliation and plunder in German colonial contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ethos (00912131) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Within food systems governance spaces, civil society organizations (CSOs) play important roles in addressing power structures and shaping decisions. In Canada, CSO food systems actors increasingly understand the importance of building relationships among settler and Indigenous peoples in their work. Efforts to make food systems more sustainable and just necessarily mean confronting the realities that most of what is known as Canada is unceded Indigenous territory, stolen land, land acquired through coercive means, and/or land bound by treaty between specific Indigenous groups and the Crown. CSOs that aim to build more equitable food systems must thus engage with the ongoing impacts of settler colonialism, learn/unlearn colonial histories, and build meaningful relationships with Indigenous peoples. This paper explores how settler-led CSOs engage with Indigenous communities and organizations in their food systems governance work. The research draws on 71 semi-structured interviews with CSO leaders engaged in food systems work from across Canada. Our analysis presents an illustrative snapshot of the complex and ongoing processes of settler-Indigenous engagement, where many settler-led CSOs aim to work more closely with Indigenous communities and organizations. However, participants also recognize that most existing engagements remain insufficient. We share CSOs' practices, tensions, and lessons learned as reflections for scholars and practitioners interested in the continuous journey of building settler-Indigenous partnerships and reimagining more just and sustainable food systems, work which requires iterative and critically reflexive learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dutch colonisers treated Chinese Indonesians preferably compared to native Indonesians which continues to impact relations between the two groups today. We investigated this impact through the lens of comparative victimhood beliefs. We conducted an online survey among native Indonesians (N = 333) and identified an indirect relationship between comparative collective victimhood and support for reconciliation with Chinese Indonesians via the mediating effect of general exclusive victimhood beliefs and prejudice in a serial mediation model. In Study 2, we tested the connections using experimental method among native Indonesians (N = 300). Participants who received a message supporting higher (vs. lower) historical comparative victimhood beliefs related to Chinese Indonesians showed higher exclusive victimhood beliefs and prejudice, and in turn, a decreased (vs. increased) support for reconciliation. These results support the idea that to enhance support for reconciliation, the trauma of the colonial past needs to be healed. We discuss the implications for intergroup relations in post‐colonial contexts among different victim groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing in part on the work of Édouard Glissant, this article explores how the Raizal population of the San Andrés Archipelago in the Caribbean mobilises the concept of maritorio as an archipelagic geopoetic vessel with emancipatory potential. This concept disrupts dominant land/sea binaries that result from and are rooted in geopolitical mechanisms and colonial fantasies. The San Andrés Archipelago is administratively and politically part of Colombia, but the Raizal people of the Archipelago share a long colonial and postcolonial history with Black Creole people elsewhere in the Anglophone Caribbean, especially the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua, based on diverse forms of economic, familial, and cultural exchange and marine mobilities. For many years, the status of the Archipelago was the basis of a dispute between Nicaragua and Colombia at the International Court of Justice, who ruled in 2012 that the islands were in fact Colombian while Nicaragua gained 75,000 km2 of sea. This ruling was devastating for the Raizales, fragmenting their maritorio and further thwarting Black mobilities and cultural exchange across the region. Legal‐geopolitical dislocations applied to the islands and the sea exacerbated structural conditions of racial and environmental injustice, while geopoetic responses by Raizal people to this state of affairs serve to confront colonial dispossession, ecological damage, and the ideological fixities of the Eurocentric nation‐state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research deals with issues of Indigeneity and autonomy in Taiwan by notionally turning things inside‐out. We aim to contextualise international geopolitics and local polity by considering the Tayal people, one of 16 nationally recognised Indigenous groups living in northern Taiwan. We reject the conventional geopolitical lens of Great Power claims as the only and best way to understand contemporary Taiwan and chooses to refocus and rescale the geopolitical lens. We seek to reconsider Taiwan's history, geography, and territory by reference to the conceptual lenses that apply to Tayal peoples' experiences. The research methods employed include geographical fieldwork, literature reviews, and archival studies. The research acknowledges Tayal people's custodianship over their territory and provides an in‐depth discussion on the colonial history and geography of Taiwan. In the process, we unsettle what is taken‐for‐granted and rescale erasure, violence, and resistance in Indigenous Taiwan. In building a Tayal‐centred positionality, we reframe geopolitical dynamics as connections within territories and across boundaries rather than as disputes over deeply contested boundaries. Neither Tayal people nor other Indigenous peoples in Taiwan ever ceded their sovereignty. Regardless of any broader geopolitics shifts, Tayal territory remains just the way it always has—Tayal territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Buru Island Tetralogy (The Buru Quartet), consisting of four novels, provides deep insights into the social, political, and implicit ecological impacts of colonialism in Indonesia. This research aims to analyse the themes of environmental exploitation narrated in the novels, providing an ecocritical perspective on colonial practices and their impact on environmental sustainability and social justice. This research method uses an ecocritical framework approach with an in-depth reading of the novel's text. This approach explores and interprets how Toer portrays colonial history and its impact on the environment. The results show that an ecocritical study of the Buru Quartet reveals the complex interactions between humans, political systems, and the ecological environment monopolised by Dutch colonialism. Although the novel's main focus is racial and social injustice, it also includes ecological aspects, such as exploiting natural resources through forced cultivation by Dutch colonials, drastically changing the local landscape and biodiversity. This study reveals how colonialism was not only socially and politically oppressive but also played a crucial role in damaging the ecology of colonised areas. The implications of this study are mainly related to the importance of understanding literature as a means of reflection and critique on environmental and colonial issues. In the current global context, where issues of exploitation and environmental degradation are still highly relevant, works such as The Buru Quartet offer important insights into how historical and ecological narratives can converge to critique environmentally unsustainable development models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wave of Latin American left-wing governments of the 2000s claimed to have redistributed the national wealth originating from the extraction of natural resources. Termed 'neo-extractivism', this strategy expanded the extractive frontier and relied on the intensive exploitation of natural resources to reinvigorate welfare programs. During this period, we contend, financialization took new shapes, both in how raw materials were commercialized and in the new forms of credit and consumption enabled by the social programs institutionalized by the progressive Latin American governments during the 2000s. Indigenous, mestizo, and afro-descendant populations were the ones that confronted the expulsion produced by this economic model, displaced by the repurposing of land to expand extractive projects. We frame the ghost of empire as an instrumental metaphor to understand the concrete impacts of extractive policies, the financial relations they produced, and the racial forced displacements they generate. The ghost of empire metaphor articulates the interrelation between culture and economy, with an economic realm focused on growing state revenues via the intensive extraction of natural resources, and a cultural imagination that legitimizes the displacement and dispossession of those affected by the model in a way that inevitably reconjures the spectral forces of the colonial past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a hauntological frame, this article investigates how the ghosts of colonial pasts are re-emerging in India's national universal biometric identity system, Aadhaar, and a software infrastructure built on top of it, India Stack. It shows how Aadhaar and India Stack facilitate the extraction of data as a form of 'data colonialism.' Examining data colonialism through an enquiry of how the multifarious and unstable relations of colonialism are bound up with the extractive processes of digital data, the article uses a historical approach considering the shifting trajectories of identity ecologies in India to see what is dispossessed through Aadhaar and India Stack. In doing so it continues a trend in spectral writing – forcing an intervention between colonial pasts and presents. Detailing a specific chronology of events, the article reveals how 'data relations' have been co-produced by the Indian state and corporate fintech bodies over the last decade to coerce populations into a 'digital financialisation.' Using the metaphor of 'structural-shape-shifting', it shows how colonial relations continue within data relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years Denmark’s legacy as a colonial power has become a topic of political, cultural, and public debate. The article discusses how Denmark’s colonial relationship with Greenland is presented to a contemporary Danish audience in the film, The Experiment (2010), and in the fourth season of the TV drama, Borgen (2022). These popular cultural artefacts, we claim, not only reflect, but have informed public and political debate in Denmark about its colonial past, including historical and present-day civic norms and their implementation into political practice. In this way, they have contributed to a renegotiation of public morality and memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between March and June of 1759, a general military campaign ("entrada general") towards Chaco was held by the Governance of Tucumán, Buenos Aires and Paraguay. Despite the high amount of documents that were produced at the moment -both written papers and maps- this event has aroused little interest in historiography. In this paper, we aim at reviewing this military campaign from a historico-anthropological approach that resituates the documents in their contexts of production, by considering the complex relationships that link empirical facts -the actions-, imaginaries -the representations- and what is registered in the documents -the discourses. In this way, we present an ethnographic interpretation of the military campaign that delves into the facts, the different actors' objectives and motivations, and the distinct interethnic scenarios that were developed on the borders of Chaco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to present a theoretical model for restructuring Colombia's educational initiatives in response to current socioeconomic needs. More equitable and decolonized education could help learners decouple their capacities to imagine the future from colonialized paradigms, thereby opening spaces for more active engagement in their own futures. Design/methodology/approach: The authors take a critical, postmodern approach focused on empowering people to transcend constraints from a colonial past and recognizing that the purpose of knowledge, although reflecting power and social relationships, is to help people improve society. Notions of situated and futures literacies nourish an approach toward a decolonized and glocalized educational model. Findings: The current Colombian educational system tends to favor a single focus – local, national or international – at the expense of the others. The authors argue that educational policy and planning should account for three realms of knowledge: locally situated literacies, nationally situated literacies and globally situated literacies. Originality/value: Deconstructing obsolete and colonized methodologies could not only help prepare Colombian learners for active engagement both within and beyond their modern-day borders but could also help transform other educational systems originally designed to support societies and economies that no longer exist, including those of the Global North. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caught between its Chinese and British colonial history, Hong Kong’s path to self-actualization is unsure without preserving its tangible and intangible heritage. This paper examines the region’s several layers of heritage through the movement to preserve the Star and the Queen piers in 2007, using two theoretical frameworks, Abbas’ culture of disappearance and Tunbridge’s dissonant heritage. Despite the piers’ demolition, their role is vital in understanding conflicting histories and decolonizing the region’s identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australia's colonial era is formally over. Yet the legacies of structural inequality, dispossession, exploitation and racism against Indigenous Australia remain alive and well. In 2021, Victoria established the Yoorrook Justice Commission, culminating in a formal truth-telling and treaty process. Seeking to address harm since colonization, the state process is unprecedented both nationally and abroad. This article considers the relevance of the commission to truth recovery, accountability and structural reform in Australia. To date, national efforts to deal with the colonial past have been piecemeal and relatively ineffective. The Yoorrook Justice Commission departs from previous single-issue inquiries as well as from reconciliation policies driven by white-Australian federal institutions. While the Commission is not a panacea for resolving colonial injustice, it provides an important means of relational and structural truth-telling towards more just relations and righting racial wrongs. Ultimately, the Yoorrook Justice Commission sets a valuable precedent for Australia and other postcolonial nations. Its level of Indigenous ownership, its authority as a Royal Commission and the breadth of its inquiry make it a significant transitional justice project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hungarian activity in the developing world is being explored again. As the topic is quite peripheral, thus it needs a comprehensive analysis. As an Eastern Bloc country, Hungary was engaged with socialist solidarity, however it never had real colonial past, thus its anti-colonial point of view seemed credible for the newly independent African countries. Decolonial orientation of the People's Republic of Hungary started in the 1960s, and it had various other aspects as well. Different political and economic interests also played a key role, as Angola had an incredible abundance of resources, which gave a big push not only for Hungary, but for many other Eastern Bloc countries to play a significant role in the restoration of its economy, in the hope of establishing new commercial relations. Hungary offered - among others - significant financial support, bank loans, and scientific-technological help to counterbalance the former colonial powers' and other capitalist countries, who were seen as possible enemies and opressors. On the other hand this "socialist help" meant a search for potential new markets for the Hungarian economy, and the possibility to get acces to western markets and technology through international cooperations in the African continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the challenges of designing pluriversal futures in complex and contested sociopolitical contexts by extending the temporal scope of design to address future imaginaries. Opening up spaces in which difficult colonial ‘pasts’ can be addressed alongside everyday narratives and memories of marginal voices also opens up possibilities for imagining and designing otherwise. We conducted a series of codesign interventions with a group of young Namibians who were struggling to find their voice in ongoing decolonial dialogues. The interventions experimented with multiple temporalities in which young people were able to use everyday narratives of Namibia’s colonial pasts alongside their own future imaginaries to design pluriversal futures. The article presents our three participatory and interventional pathways to extend the temporal scope of design. We highlight the importance of collaboratively identifying interrelations between presents, pasts, and futures, and of creating collaborative sites in which to imagine pluriversal futures supported by participatory and design anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia and the Philippines have shared similar history, geological condition, and economic structure. Located in Southeast Asia, both countries have rich reserves of metallic minerals. They have also experienced changes of political system in the post-WWII era, from an authoritarian regime to a democracy, and have both pursued a neoliberal economic policy since the 1980s.​ However, the shared commonalities have not led to a similar development path of the mining industry in the two countries. Our research was aimed to reveal the key factors that caused the divergence of the mining development in Indonesia and the Philippines, from three main aspects: the evolution of the political system, the economic and mining policies adopted by the two governments, and the role of the mining regulations. The main question asked was that "Why did the similar political systems and economic policy fail to create a convergent path for mining development in the two neighbors?" The research has proved the validity of our hypothesis: the distinct political objectives and economic circumstances have impacted the implementation of the Neoliberal economic policy in the two countries. To a less extent, the scale of the mining industry in their respective economies and the different features of their respective colonial past were partially responsible as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses the surviving records of the Hanslope disclosure to track the British government's efforts to censor colonial archives in the era of decolonization. As staff withdrew from colonies around the world, they were instructed to either destroy or 'migrate' to Britain large quantities of records that held sensitive, embarrassing, or potentially incriminating details about the history of British colonial administration. Some 25,000 files were eventually shipped to the UK in a program called 'Operation Legacy' where they fell into legal limbo and out of institutional memory. Millions more were burned or ditched at sea. This article pursues these archival policies as they gradually evolved from Malaya to East Africa, the Caribbean, and into the post-colonial era. In giving special attention to Operation Legacy's broader temporal and geographic sweep, this article meditates on two key points. First, while colonial officials actively learned from their colleagues in other colonies, they were forced to adapt Operation Legacy to local circumstances. The uneven application of this policy reflected the late British Empire's status as a patchwork of sovereignties in which people were governed differently. Second, while evidence is limited, officials across disparate colonial administrations were bound together by a common impulse. They sought not only to destroy and 'migrate' records but also to doctor files that could then be transferred to newly independent governments. In the end, the goal was to mask the disconnect in the archives between rhetoric and reality—of the alleged aspirations of Britain's 'civilizing mission' and its history of colonial violence, systemic racism, and other inconvenient truths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decolonization is a pressing issue until today. The article approaching it from a point of view of coloniality and originality, cultural processes in which original native and colonial habits and interpretations of reality are internalized and maintained alive in daily life. This is approached from a perspective of phenomenology and the Latin-American Philosophy of Liberation. It observes that coloniality, and originality, is omnipresent in contemporary Mexico, though it is often made absent, and wrongfully made irrelevant. The conclusions are based on the author's own lived experience of over 18 years. Subsequent articles follow, revealing historical analyses and proposals for liberation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of slavery in the age of abolition is full of contradictions. The fate of enslaved persons depended on coincidences, on bad luck and good fortune. To understand what this meant in practice, this article focuses on questions of flight and longing. It zooms in on the colonial enclave Manado, North Sulawesi (Indonesia), where slavery was both an indigenous-regional and a local-colonial phenomenon, two worlds that were never fully separated. This exploration centers around two sets of archives: a slave register and a series of interviews with runaways. These fascinating documents were produced at the same time and in the same space, but provides us markedly different perspectives. What do they tell us about motives and experiences of people who escaped slavery? To what extend can we reconstruct life in and out of slavery when we combine these two sets of sources? The critical exploration that this article presents is meant as a step towards a fuller comprehension of the history of slavery in colonial Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homelessness has shattered democracies worldwide. This study uses a doctrinal approach, employing content analysis, especially relational content analysis, to examine the underlying factors and difficulties associated with homelessness among women. The study notably focuses on the issue of police violence directed at this marginalised population and sheds light on the vulnerable position of homeless women, highlighting the crucial responsibility of governments under Parens Patriae to protect their lives and freedoms. The study argues that homelessness is fundamentally inconsistent with the principles of human dignity. The findings highlight the constitutional violations committed against homeless women in India, contravening the principles enshrined in Articles 14, 19, and 21, as well as the directives specified in Articles 39(1), 42, and 47. The findings indicate that the social welfare efforts implemented by the state are in line with the objectives of SDGs. This highlights the importance of adopting more focused approaches to address the issue of homelessness among women. Moreover, the study examines the legal framework of the United Kingdom, taking into account the influence of India's colonial history, and investigates the current practices of democratic nations and the role of the protagonist played by the Indian Judiciary in addressing homelessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will first review the debate over the definition and recognition of Indigenous peoples with regard to the people of Ryukyu/ Okinawa, focusing on the colonial history, specifically regarding the case of the lawsuit calling for the return of the Ryukyuan ancestral remains. Then, after an overview of the history of the lawsuit calling for the return of the Ryukyuan ancestors, which was instigated in 2018, I will present what has been achieved so far, the challenges that remain, and the prospects for the future. There, the 'colonialism by academic knowledge' nurtured since the colonial period will be exposed, and the recognition by the state of the people of Ryukyu and Okinawa as Indigenous peoples, and the possibility of solidarity among civil society and domestic and international Indigenous and minority peoples will be analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary addresses three objectives: (1) to situate and contextualise the ongoing military assault on Gaza within longer colonial histories in Palestine; (2) to collate resources that can equip geographers—specialist and non‐specialist, academic and non‐academic—with resources to build decolonial politics on Palestine–Israel; and (3) to contribute to discussions on what we, as geographers, can do to support Palestinian calls for liberation. These objectives are informed by a strong conviction that now is not a time for equivocation or silence. Palestinians, both in Palestine and in exile, need robust support and solidarity. This commentary offers one example of the form this support and solidarity can take in the context of academia. It does so by calling forth our discipline's plural and deep commitment to justice and thoroughgoing critique of the deleterious power structures and colonial legacies that have brought us to this current moment of crisis in Palestine. This commentary addresses three objectives: (1) to situate and contextualise the ongoing military assault on Gaza within longer colonial histories in Palestine; (2) to collate resources that can equip geographers—specialist and non‐specialist, academic and non‐academic—with resources to build decolonial politics on Palestine–Israel; and (3) to contribute to discussions on what we, as geographers, can do to support Palestinian calls for liberation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the place of root shock in the colonial and postcolonial history of Ireland and situates this series of Irish papers inspired by Mindy Fullilove’s seminal book. It explains why the practice of eviction has such a traumatic resonance within Irish society. This trauma was laid bare in the responses to a 2023 artwork by Spicebag that connected modern eviction with its historical precedents. In this paper the elements of Spicebag’s work are given their historical context with an account of dispossession and plantation, famine and exile, urban poverty, and neoliberal privatization of land and housing. In each case, a new form of root shock was added to the earlier legacies producing chronic place-based trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dutch colonizer Jan Pieterszoon Coen is remembered as a hero for establishing the spice monopoly and as a perpetrator who mass-killed the Bandanese population in 1621 in pursuit of that monopoly. After his statue in Hoorn fell off its pedestal in 2011, the municipality decided to restore it in disregard of protesters requesting the statue's relocation to Westfries Museum. As a compromise, the municipality granted the protest a voice by providing the statue with an updated inscription that acknowledges Coen's controversial legacy and an accompanying exhibition in Westfries Museum. In this essay, I will analyze these events as a conflict about the articulation of postcolonial memory: how should the colonial past be remembered? Through Olson's theory of legality and affect and Marcuse's theory of repressive tolerance, I will interpret this conflict as the negotiation of different legalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The initial outbreak response to the 2014–2016 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa was met with resistance in Liberia. In part, this was because responders failed to account for how the country's colonial history and sociocultural circumstances influenced attitudes and perceptions of the population. We argue that understanding the relationship between the broader structural influences and the subjective aspects–the lived experience of people in the region–is crucial to developing more effective outbreak measures. In this light, we adopt and refine the concept of "riskscape" to highlight how the resistance to response teams shifted as the EVD outbreak unfolded. To illustrate our argument, we consider how the particular historical, cultural, and political forces constituted a "postcolonial riskscape", influencing evolving perceptions of risk and trust in the context of the outbreak response in the West Point informal settlement located in Liberia's capital, Monrovia. As part of that discussion, we demonstrate how the adoption of a bottom-up community-based strategy by response officials, stimulated changes in the riskscape that helped pave the way for the adoption of an improved response strategy that resulted in a relatively swift decrease in EVD prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

John Winthrop's History of New England explores the theme of reconciliation in the context of dissent in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Recent scholarship suggests that Massachusetts was more tolerant than previously thought, highlighting instances of dissent and reconciliation. However, the History also reveals the limits of permissible dissent and justifies the use of power to silence irreconcilable differences. The story of Mary Oliver exemplifies both successful and failed reconciliation attempts. The History also addresses women's liberty and subjection, as well as the colonial government's response to acts of rebellion. Overall, the History presents a complex narrative of reconciliation and dissent in the early days of New England. [Extracted from the article]

Through an examination of the history of settler colonial violence against Indigenous peoples and lands in Canada, Palestine, and Australia, this paper exposes the links between colonialism and the penitentiary, across borders. This paper interrogates the differences and similarities between the use of prisons as a tool in settler colonial expansion in these three states. As a contribution to abolitionist thought and theory, this paper highlights the need for an intersectional analysis of the overlapping consequences of settler colonialism and international carceral regimes. Efforts to resist carceral expansion around the world must include efforts to resist colonial expansion, and the voices of Indigenous peoples must be centred throughout this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Research in critical disaster studies stresses the urgency to explore alternative ontological framings (Gaillard and Raju, 2022) that encourages researchers and practitioners, especially Indigenous communities, to nurture spaces where Indigenous voices are well represented. It is imperative that research in the Pacific should be guided by Pacific research methodologies to maximize positive outcomes (Ponton, 2018) and break free from limited Eurocentric ideologies that are often ill-suited in Pacific contexts. Hazards in the South Pacific region have become more frequent and volatile. This has created a growing interest in the study of disasters in the region. However, current disaster studies in the Pacific are often problematic as they often fail to challenge the implicit coloniality of the discipline. Design/methodology/approach: This paper will expand on these arguments, suggesting ways to overcome the limits of common Eurocentric research frameworks in disaster studies and to illustrate the significance and relevance of Pacific methodologies. Findings: It is pertinent that critical disaster studies encapsulate Pacific worldviews and knowledge as valued and valid to reconstruct Pacific research. Decolonizing disaster research will ultimately liberate the discipline from limitations of its colonial past and allow for truly engaging and critical research practices. Originality/value: This paper will illustrate and articulate how Talanoa, a pan-Pacific concept, could offer a more culturally appropriate research methodology to disasters, seen through a Samoan lens. Talanoa is an informal conversation that is widely shared among Pacific communities based on pure, authentic and real conversations which are crucial elements in building relationships with Pacific communities (Vaioleti, 2006). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considered by its inhabitants to be one of the oldest towns in colonial Paraguay, the city of San Roque González de Santa Cruz (formerly Tavapy, Paraguay) lacks a written history supported by historical research. In isolation, mentions of its origin as a foundation carried out by Domingo Martínez de Irala are found in the bibliography. The main objective of this article arises from this problem, which aims to develop a historical construction of the origins of Tavapy. The specific objectives focus on conducting a search in the bibliography on mentions of the origin or foundation of Tavapy; link the origin of Tavapy with the objectives of conquest and colonization in the region; prepare a chronology of Irala's presence in Tavapy in the time frame of its foundation and compare the data obtained. The research carried out is historical, exploratory and descriptive and the synthetic analytical methodology guides the work. The main limitation of this research is the lack of original documents from the time, and only the mention of one of them in the bibliographic sources. The relevance of this study lies not only in the current importance of undoing established myths about the official reading of the colonization processes in Paraguay, but also in being able to provide historical identity to towns like San Roque, whose origin was involved in the story. officer of the conquest detached from the true process of subjugation of tribes during the first stage of the conquest. The review and analysis of both classic and current bibliographic sources of the colonial history of Paraguay allows us to confirm that the origin of the people of Tavapy is the result of the subjugation of the indigenous groups and later, of royal grants given to the conquerors and not the result of a foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the end of the colonial empire, following the Revolution of April 25th, 1974, the borders and identity of the Portuguese nation were redefined. In this context, around half a million citizens from the former colonies were repatriated to Portugal. Their arrival raises important questions about national identity and collective memory. Through a multidimensional analysis of memory, which reveals the complexity of memorial production and reproduction, this article addresses issues of citizenship and (post-)imperial identity related to Portuguese returnees. The text highlights the identity friction resulting from the failure to integrate the returnees into the national collective memory. The recent presence of these Portuguese in Africa and the need for their return after the end of the empire in 1975 questions the narrative of the country of the Discoveries and the "heroes of the Sea", calling into question the idea of an imperial history without colonial and racial conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis of Rana Bishara's installation Roadmap for Elimination, which is semiotically and materially interesting due to the skillful combination of language, maps of Palestine, and other key symbolic elements of Palestinian resistance such as cactus leaves. The article illustrates how, in the artwork, space and time fold into each other for political purposes in such a way that the European colonial past is visually overlaid with the present Israeli occupation, and the vision of a different future. Ultimately, the argument mounted in the article is that the installation is a defiant act of linguistic citizenship through which Bishara engendered a momentary space of otherwise. The spatio-temporal elements in the artwork, in turn, activate a plethora of emotions that affectively interpellate a European viewer into complex discursive positions of implicated subject vis-à-vis the Israeli/Palestinian conflict. On a theoretical level, the article seeks to demonstrate how Povinelli's notion of spaces of otherwise, coupled with Stroud's linguistic citizenship, can be relevant to sociolinguistics and the sociology of language, giving us a conceptual apparatus for better understanding the nexus of agency, space and time. On a more empirical level, the article also seeks to bring more precision to the spatio-temporal dimensions of both Stroud's and Povinelli's work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study is the first to analyze LGBT portrayals in a news media dataset over a decade (2010–2020). We selected Singapore as a country of interest, emblematic of a nation grappling with state-encouraged heteronormativity and a remnant colonial law against homosexuality (377A), fraught with calls for its repeal that was only enacted in 2022. Our study is interested in this period bookended by challenge and change, particularly in newspaper portrayals of LGBT narratives. Newspapers are an important source of current information and have the power to shape societal perceptions. We lay the groundwork and provide a framework to analyze news media narratives of other Commonwealth nations with colonial pasts and inherited laws criminalizing LGBT communities. Objectives: This study analyzes LGBT portrayals in a 400-million-word news media dataset over a decade (2010–2020). First, we aimed to track the volume of LGBT media coverage over time and elucidate differences in coverage of different identity markers. Second, we aimed to track sentiments on LGBT portrayals. Third, we aimed to track salient narratives circulated about LGBT stories. Methods: The study leveraged a 400-million-word corpus from news media in Singapore, identifying the following target keywords: LGBT, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Pink Dot (a local Pride event), 377A. First, coverage volume was tracked using annual changes in keyword mentions per million, elucidating differences in coverage of different sub-groups. Second, sentiment analysis on a valence scale was conducted on LGBT collocates. Third, we distilled salient narratives about LGBT identities using thematic labelling of top-frequency collocates. Results: First, overall coverage of LGBT steadily increased over the decade, though Gay identities evidenced asymmetrical coverage—outstripping 'Bisexual' keywords by seven times, 'Lesbian' by four, 'Transgender' by two. Second, sentiment scores for Pink Dot (a local pride event) were most positive; Lesbian, Gay, LGBT, Transgender were neutral; Bisexual and 377A dipped slightly negative. Third, topics differed across the four identities: uniquely, 'Lesbian' collocates related to sensationalized cinema; 'Gay' about hate crimes; 'Bisexual' about population surveys; 'Transgender' about challenges (transitioning, alienation, suicide). Conclusions: Practically, we presented a decade-long barometer of LGBT sentiments and themes on a national level, providing a framework to analyze media for more effective communication strategies—applicable to Commonwealth countries with similar inherited colonial laws. Salient repetition through media association may unwittingly frame certain issues negatively; caution is prudent in representing each sub-group adequately, rather than portraying the LGBT identity as monolithic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on previous research, this study investigates the international migration network and its changes from 1990 to 2017. The findings suggest that certain core countries play pivotal roles in shaping global migration by providing economic opportunities or political refuge. Community detection identified nine groups of nations in 2017, indicating regionalization. The study also examined the networks of antecedent factors that reflect both structural factors, such as geography, language, colonial history, political stability and economic differences, as well as transnational interactions, including student flow, trade, Internet flow and remittance, in relation to the international migration network. Applying multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure, it was found that these networks constituted approximately 11% of the migration network's distribution when chain migration was excluded, and 16.5% when it was included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines Lebanese-American novelist Rabih Alameddine's representations of the hardships and difficulties that refugee children encounter as they flee their homelands, sometimes as unaccompanied minors. Set on the Greek island of Lesbos during the 2015–2016 refugee crisis, Alameddine's The Wrong End of the Telescope (2021) depicts the sufferings of refugee children, and simultaneously draws on mythological events to underline their miseries and anguishes in contemporary times. By juxtaposing contemporary stories of refugee children with those of children and young people from classical literature, such as Icarus and Arion, Alameddine's narrative attempts to document these stories and save them from oblivion. As the narrator, Dr Mina Simpson, relates the events she witnesses during her sojourn in Lesbos, she becomes aware of her position as a person who once went through similar experiences of deprivation and dislocation. In this sense, The Wrong End of the Telescope critiques and exposes anti-immigration policies implemented by European countries to curb the influx of immigrants and asylum-seekers from the Middle East. Employing a postcolonial perspective, this paper highlights how Alameddine's novel links the contemporary refugee crisis to Europe's colonial past and shows how the Mediterranean has become a cemetery for children and young people who aspire to better living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue demonstrates how theorizing the present in terms of crisis generates insights into contradictory experiences of historical time. The core questions addressed are these: What are the temporal forms through which crisis is expressed today, and what are the political implications? The contributors pay close attention to the nonsynchronicity and the discordance of times that constitute the present. The contributors ask how contemporary crisis can be better understood with reference to long-term and ongoing colonial and racial histories. This article functions as both an introduction to the special issue as well as a development of some of the key theoretical coordinates, first thinking through the relationship between crisis and everyday politics, disentangling crisis theory from its association with determinism, and then showing how crisis theory challenges conventional understandings of political agency. Recent work in Black studies offers significant ways of understanding how subaltern actors improvise and forge unfamiliar forms of agency in times of brutal constraint. With reference to this work, the article argues that understanding crisis not only as an "object" of study but as a "method" has generative implications for theorizing the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pieter Van Hees's Waste Land (2014) situates Belgian national anxiety in the country's White supremacist past and present, both of which milieux are shared by its language communities. The film suggests, perhaps in spite of itself, that the claim by Brussels to be a centre of power is ethnically, as well as ethically, problematic. It breaks a taboo in confronting Belgium's colonial past, on the eve of the 150th anniversary of Leopold II's accession (1865). Yet, it ultimately reproduces the economy of the racialized system it tries to critique, becoming particularly problematic from the point of view of Black women. The ineffability of spatial spectacle would betray the way in which its protagonist's narrative is 'mapped' onto the space of Brussels, with the character's breakdown – hence, a failed attempt at constructing his own narrative, at mapping his life in Brussels – bearing further unintentional testimony to the city's abject history beneath it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The representation of Spain, and Spanishness in general, at sites of collective identity in the United States and Canada requires scholarly attention. Many monuments, which range from statues and museums to capitol buildings and national parks, continue to commemorate colonial times despite broader public awareness of the association between colonization and racialized violence, as well as the explicit movement toward decolonization. This commemorative material also demonstrates how non-Spanish settlers have appropriated historical moorings of Spain and its colonial past to reinforce and whitewash their identities in places such as New Mexico and Texas, and even in Newfoundland and Labrador. How monuments are funded and gain public support is another vector that points to the ways that identity—particularly, white identity—informs monumental architecture in ways that exclude people of colour, as well as women, who, when featured in monuments, are usually dehumanized as concepts rather than being the actors of settler-colonialism. This article explores these challenging topics with the aim of articulating a roadmap for future scholarship on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the colonial roots of Western science, highlighting how the scientific tradition was intertwined with and benefited from colonialism. Topics discussed include the enduring impact of colonialism on modern science, the issues of "parachute science" and inequities in research authorship, and efforts by researchers in formerly colonized countries to address and rectify these imbalances.

Modern cultural heritage has clear significance and value as part of the historical record of a given country. However, perspectives on the value and role of cultural heritage can vary. This study compares the perceptions of various subjects on urban colonial cultural heritage. The similarities and differences between the direction of local culture pursued by local experts and the perceptions of different subjects are analyzed, and the reinforced image of a multifaceted city image is examined. The results reveal that, first, differences exist within the reference group. The reference group determined the city of Gunsan's resources, which led to regional revitalization projects to improve the city's image. Second, commonalities were observed between the perceived images of local residents, visitors, and non-visitors. All three groups understood Gunsan as a city of modern history and a city where past and present coexist. Third, examining non-visitors' perceptions of Gunsan as a reinforced image revealed that their perceptions were similar to those of visitors. The public's view of colonial history is the same: it is a painful history but one that must be remembered. However, the interpretation and use of that heritage differ widely. The administration of Gunsan should manage the city's image to prevent historical distortion or the misunderstanding of history by the perceiving subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern colonialism from the eighteenth century onward encompassed most of the world's surface. Today, the world is different. In theory at least, nation-states rather than empires and colonies are the global norm. The sorts of colonial conquests that mark earlier centuries appear to have ended. But does this mean colonialism in the past is not relevant for the present? Scholarly and popular discussions allude to the idea that past colonialism impacts the present, using a variety of terms like "legacies," "imprints," "vestiges," "ruins," or "afterlives." Yet existing scholarship has yet to fully clarify and catalog the specific processes and mechanisms that connect colonial history with its putative legacies. This essay, based upon the 2022 Presidential Address to the Social Science History Association, identifies and discusses four such processes and mechanisms or "modes of reverberation": (1) continued colonialism through simple reproduction, (2) the persistence of power through formal and informal institutionalization, (3) path dependent historical trajectories (or "colonial institutionalism"), and (4) colonialism's archive of meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

George Steinmetz's book on the colonial origins of modern social thought is a significant contribution to the field. It challenges our understanding of sociology and highlights the importance of colonial sociology in France. The book also serves as a research program and model for studying colonial sociology in other contexts, encouraging comparative analysis. Additionally, it contributes to the broader intellectual debate on colonialism, post-colonialism, and decolonization. Finally, the book offers a historical-sociological program for studying the social and human sciences, filling a gap in the current intellectual space. [Extracted from the article]

Baden-Württemberg has positioned itself as a leader in German efforts to recognize the colonial past and pursue reconciliation with Namibia. Restitution projects in the 2010s shaped the Namibia Initiative Baden-Württemberg. My analysis of Landtag documents reveals a gradual transformation of this debate about German colonial responsibility and adoption of calls for Aufarbeitung. State-level arguments reflected broader national and European discussions about restitution while emphasizing the influence of local initiatives. Following the 2019 restitution of Hendrik Witbooi's possessions, Baden-Württemberg's cultural ministry and most political parties embraced Aufarbeitung as part of future work at state institutions. This close examination of Baden-Württemberg's initiative could serve as a model for other German Länder as they work toward decolonizing their institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author comments on historian Bryan Palmer's paper about the history of Canada. Topics include the author's view on Palmer's intervention in his paper about the intersections and alliances between the struggle for national liberation and working-class emancipation, his provision of clarity for social change action that made his work critical, the intertwine of the history of colonialism and capitalism in Canada in the work, and comments on the four periods of Palmer's Canadian history.