Search

This paper focuses on interracial Filipino-American couples attempting to migrate between the United States and the Philippines using the Repatriation Act of 1935 and the War Brides Act of 1945. The prospect of the migrating interracial couple posed new questions for US immigration bureaucracy, prompting reconsideration of policies regarding marriage, family, dependence and citizenship. Viewing the United States and the Philippines in one frame of analysis, with these two Acts as bookends, this paper considers migration a process driven by the desires and needs of couples, mediated by regimes of US border control and empire. Gendered and radicalised notions of protection influenced the implementation of these Acts, with longer term consequences for race, gender and family-based immigration policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the legal relationships between the United States territories such as Guam and America's federal government as of 2017, and it mentions federal court deference to territorial tribunals. Guam's quasi-constitution is addressed, along with the U.S. Supreme Court's determination in the Insular Cases that America's Constitution does not apply to every U.S. possession. It states that Guam is governed by the U.S. Organic Act statute which was passed in 1950.

The article discusses the concept of territorial federalism in association with the history of the structural relationship between the U.S. Congress and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico) as of 2017, and it mentions America's Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA) and legal developments involving Puerto Rico and the U.S. Supreme Court. American democracy and popular sovereignty are assessed, along with the legal status of American territories.

This article discusses the enactment of the Jones Act of 1917, which granted United States citizenship to Puerto Ricans. The author comments on the role of U.S. policymakers and legislators in the Jones Act and also examines the impact of the U.S. entrance into World War I. The history of colonialism in Puerto Rico is also explored.

This article discusses the history of United States imperialism in Puerto Rico from 1898 to the present day. The author comments on the enactment of the Jones Act of 1917, which extended U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans. The annexation of Puerto Rico in 1898 and the history of the question of Puerto Rican citizenship is also examined.

In 1908–1909, maritime commerce, fishing and traffic in the Sulu Archipelago in the southern Philippines almost came to a standstill due to a surge in piracy and coastal raids that challenged US colonial rule in the area. The leader of the outlaws was a renegade subject of the Sultan of Sulu, a Samal named Jikiri. Together with his followers, Jikiri was responsible for the murders of at least 40 people in numerous raids on small trading vessels, pearl fishers, coastal settlements and towns throughout the archipelago. In spite of the concerted efforts of the US Army, the Philippine Constabulary and private bounty hunters, Jikiri was able to avoid defeat for more than one and half years, before he was eventually killed in July 1909. His decision to take to piracy was triggered by the failure of the US authorities to pay compensation for the loss of the traditional claims that many families in the Sulu Archipelago had to the pearl beds of the region, as stipulated by a law on pearl fishing adopted in 1904. The law was in several respects disadvantageous to the native population of Sulu and this – together with the high-handed behaviour of the local officers in charge of the Sulu district from 1906 – fuelled widespread discontent with colonial rule and led several of the leading headmen of Sulu covertly to sympathize with, and protect, Jikiri and his followers. This sponsorship combined with the general reluctance of the population to cooperate with the US military explains why Jikiri was able to defy the vastly superior US forces for so long. American officers at the time tended to attribute the depredations to the allegedly piratical nature of the Sulus, but this article argues that the so-called ‘decay theory’, first proposed by Raffles a century earlier, is a more appropriate explanation of this surge in piracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the territory and empire in U.S. history. Topics include the 1950 protests for the independence of Puerto Rico, led by the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party President Pedro lbizu Campos, against the U.S. government rule, the significance of the African-American history to U.S. history, and the islands claimed by the U.S. since 1858 including Alaska, Guam and Corn Islands. Other topics include the U.S. occupation of the Philippines, and the annexation of several islands including Wake Island and Howland Island.

Copyright of Anthropologica is the property of CASCA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vigilantism appeared in the last decades of the nineteenth century in some Western territories of the United States in process of colonization. These movements were consequence of the way such territories were organized, as well as of the absence and/or ineffectiveness of a formal legislation or authorities enforcing the law. Thus, the purpose of vigilantism was to protect the life and property of the settlers, who actually took the law in their own hands with some degree of violence. This paper examines the characteristics of the vigilante movements in order to trace their impact in the process of territorial organization undergone by Western areas of the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the constitutional validity of the U.S.-Puerto Rico colonial relationship as sanctioned by the U.S. Supreme Court in the Insular Cases, focusing on America's colonial regime and the apparent exploitation of the territories that America acquired from Spain following the Spanish-American War of 1898. Racial bias in America and the U.S. Constitution are mentioned, along with legal cases dealing with topics such as a duty on goods imported from Puerto Rico.

The article discusses the treason trials held in the Philippines between 1947 and 1953 for collaborators with the Japanese during the occupation of 1941-1945 during World War II. A comparison of these trials with the Allied war crime trials such as those held in Nuremberg, Germany and Tokyo, Japan is presented. Topics considered include the wartime Philippine Executive Commission supporting occupying forces, the position of the Philippines as a territorial possession of the U.S., the conflict of laws between the Philippines and the U.S., and the U.S. military intelligence gathered in the post-war period identifying Filipino collaborators and their crimes.

We commonly acknowledge that the extension of slavery into the West was a primary cause of the sectional crisis. Yet we tend to treat these two mid-nineteenth- century narratives as geographically distinct: a battle over slavery engulfs the East while mineral rushes and migration transform the West. Here the creation of the Colorado Territory is framed within both these developments as well as in the shifting conception of American geography in the 1850s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the history of Guam from the twentieth century onward. It particularly examines Guam's status as an unincorporated territory of the U.S., noting the activities of the U.S. military on the island. The author comments on Chamorro nationalism and explores questions of self-determination, self-government, and decolonization, comparing Guam's status to that of the Northern Mariana Islands. He also reflects on regional security integration and economic integration, noting the significance of Japanese tourism and investment.

The article discusses the history of Nevada's becoming a U.S. state from the Territory of Nevada from 1859 through 1864, with a particular focus on the relationship between the Nevada state motto "Battle Born" and the Nevada's involvement in the U.S. Civil War. The relationship between Nevada's becoming a U.S. state and the U.S. President Abraham Lincoln's 1864 re-election, is discussed.