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Historical markers offer important insights into the portrayal of place, social dynamics, and untold narratives within various landscapes. The vast collection of over 195,000 historical markers scattered throughout the United States provide a wealth of data that can shed light on distinctive representation patterns and narratives associated with different individuals and events. Yet, only a few studies examined historical markers as a valuable data source. The goal of this study is to investigate how Texas women are commemorated through historical markers and to uncover the spatial and temporal patterns and contexts associated with these commemorations. We utilize qualitative GIS method and a suite of corpus linguistics techniques to analyze the spatial, temporal, and thematic patterns of the historical markers in Texas that are dedicated to women. Our findings address the existing gender imbalance and shed light on the underrepresentation of women in Texas' historical narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines patterns of disaster commemoration in Texas as witnessed in 1,590 markers erected by the state between 1936 and 2019. In the first half of the analysis, we highlight spatiotemporal trends of commemoration, which focus on a few well-known historic disasters that occurred between 1875 and 1916. From a spatial perspective, markers concentrate in the coastal cities of Galveston, Houston, and Corpus Christi, but no discernible temporal patterns emerge concerning the timing of commemoration—that is, when a marker is erected. After looking at the when and where of commemoration, in the second part of the analysis we look at how each disaster term is described in the text of the markers. Here, the narrative is one of initial destruction quickly followed by recovery and the reestablishment of communities. We also note how the selective nature of commemoration extends to disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marked temporal point process models (MTPPs) aim to model event sequences and event markers (associated features) in continuous time. These models have been applied to various application domains where capturing event dynamics in continuous time is beneficial, such as education systems, social networks, and recommender systems. However, current MTPPs suffer from two major limitations, i.e., inefficient representation of event dynamic's influence on marker distribution and losing fine-grained representation of historical marker distributions in the modeling. Motivated by these limitations, we propose a novel model called Marked Point Processes with Memory-Enhanced Neural Networks (MoMENt) that can capture the bidirectional interrelations between markers and event dynamics while providing fine-grained marker representations. Specifically, MoMENt is constructed of two concurrent networks: Recurrent Activity Updater (RAU) to capture model event dynamics and Memory-Enhanced Marker Updater (MEMU) to represent markers. Both RAU and MEMU components are designed to update each other at every step to model the bidirectional influence of markers and event dynamics. To obtain a fine-grained representation of maker distributions, MEMU is devised with external memories that model detailed marker-level features with latent component vectors. Our extensive experiments on six real-world user interaction datasets demonstrate that MoMENt can accurately represent users' activity dynamics, boosting time, type, and marker predictions, as well as recommendation performance up to 76.5%, 65.6%, 77.2%, and 57.7%, respectively, compared to baseline approaches. Furthermore, our case studies show the effectiveness of MoMENt in providing meaningful and fine-grained interpretations of user-system relations over time, e.g., how user choices influence their future preferences in the recommendation domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban spatial segregation in Santiago de Chile, a prevalent feature of Latin American cities, underscores socioeconomic disparities and shapes the city's socio-spatial dynamics. This segregation, driven by land prices and private ownership, has pushed disadvantaged groups to the periphery and limited their access to desirable areas reserved for wealthier segments of society. Quebrada Macul Park, situated within this segregated urban landscape, serves as an emblematic case that challenges and expands the classical definition of urban segregation. It exemplifies the complex negotiations over space utilization among social groups, defined by socioeconomic, generational, and interest-based differences. This study employs micro-segregation studies in a broad sense, both as a conceptual framework and as a methodological tool to analyze these dynamics. Through qualitative methodologies, including six in-depth interviews with diverse stakeholders (social and ecological activists, longtime residents, and park employees) and five participant observations, the research investigates the varied uses and meanings attributed to the park. The findings reveal that the park's evolution from a space frequented by low-income dwellers to a diverse metropolitan park has sparked debates over its public versus private character, mirroring the power struggles among distinct social factions. The park serves as a profound identity marker for its historical inhabitants, who initially fought for the right to use it and today experience nostalgia due to its widespread popularity. Meanwhile, the struggle to establish the park as a public space challenges the city's segregation dynamics and might promote social cohesion within urban natural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we explore the text of more than 16,000 historical markers erected in Texas since 1936 to try and understand how the state tells its story to the public. To do so, we use geographic information systems (kernel density and Moran's I statistics) and corpus linguistics (CL) to determine the where, what, who, when, and how of commemoration in Texas. Our results show very distinct spatiotemporal and thematic patterns in the distribution of markers in Texas, with markers concentrated in the eastern half of the state and in the most populated areas. As measured by kernel density, cores of commemoration moved from Austin in the 1930s through the 1960s to Dallas in the 1970s and 1980s and then to Houston in the 1990s through the 2010s. What emerges from CL's semantical analysis is a thematical transition that occurred in the 1970s and continues today, from narratives of war and conflict to narratives of peace, family, and community. As measured by Moran's I statistics, this shift is especially evident in the populous eastern part of the state. Overall, the markers offer a vision of Texas as a unique land shaped by interactions between multiple groups in the context of a historic borderland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many Confederate monuments were erected during the Jim Crow era, sending symbolic messages of intimidation and hostility to the Black population. Yet no studies have examined the relationship between contemporary Confederate memorialization and bias crime. Drawing from research on hate crime law compliance, we posit an inverse relationship between Confederate monuments and mobilization of hate crime law, such that compliance with hate crime laws will be lower in communities with memorialization, but that among complying agencies, anti-Black hate crime rates will be higher. To examine these relationships, we combined data from the Uniform Crime Report Hate Crime Statistics and the American Community Survey with Confederate monument data from the Southern Poverty Law Center. We conducted analyses predicting a) monument presence, b) agency non-compliance, and c) anti-Black hate crime. Results indicate that monuments are located in communities exemplifying a challenge to racial hierarchies: economically advantaged communities with larger Black populations. Regarding hate crime, analyses show that (1) the American South is associated with reduced compliance, and, (2) after accounting for compliance, Confederate memorialization is associated with increased anti-Black hate crime. These findings have implications for intergroup conflict and the impact of local symbolism on the formal mobilization of hate crime law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the centuries, the depths of the most severe storm surges that have flooded Venice have been measured using different reference frames, i.e., related to the algae belt (CM), mean sea level (MSL), local land (ZMPS), large-scale leveling (IGM), and satellite altimetry (SA). Some reference frames, i.e., IGM and SA, are absolute, while the others are relative and represent two different physical points of view, i.e., CM and MSL refer to the sea that is rising and ZMPS refers to the land that is subsiding. The perceptions derived from the different systems are contradictory. This paper discusses and compares surges from 1821 to 2021 measured with these frames, also including the commemorative plaques that report the flood depths on walls in Venice. The paper explains the consequences of a change in frame and zero reference, and it transforms the flooding depths from the original systems to make them homogeneous. The severity of flooding changes in terms of rating with the choice of frame. In the 19th century, five storm surges exceeded the famous level of 1966 and, if they were to recur today or in the future, the sea level rise and the local land subsidence that have occurred in the meantime would greatly exacerbate the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just like an army of ants caught in an ant mill, individuals, groups and even whole societies are sometimes caught up in a Death Spiral, a vicious cycle of self-reinforcing dysfunctional behavior characterized by continuous flawed decision making, myopic single-minded focus on one (set of) solution(s), denial, distrust, micromanagement, dogmatic thinking and learned helplessness. We propose the term Death Spiral Effect to describe this difficult-to-break downward spiral of societal decline. Specifically, in the current theory-building review we aim to: (a) more clearly define and describe the Death Spiral Effect; (b) model the downward spiral of societal decline as well as an upward spiral; (c) describe how and why individuals, groups and even society at large might be caught up in a Death Spiral; and (d) offer a positive way forward in terms of evidence-based solutions to escape the Death Spiral Effect. Management theory hints on the occurrence of this phenomenon and offers turn-around leadership as solution. On a societal level strengthening of democracy may be important. Prior research indicates that historically, two key factors trigger this type of societal decline: rising inequalities creating an upper layer of elites and a lower layer of masses; and dwindling (access to) resources. Historical key markers of societal decline are a steep increase in inequalities, government overreach, over-integration (interdependencies in networks) and a rapidly decreasing trust in institutions and resulting collapse of legitimacy. Important issues that we aim to shed light on are the behavioral underpinnings of decline, as well as the question if and how societal decline can be reversed. We explore the extension of these theories from the company/organization level to the society level, and make use of insights from both micro-, meso-, and macro-level theories (e.g., Complex Adaptive Systems and collapsology, the study of the risks of collapse of industrial civilization) to explain this process of societal demise. Our review furthermore draws on theories such as Social Safety Theory, Conservation of Resources Theory, and management theories that describe the decline and fall of groups, companies and societies, as well as offer ways to reverse this trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lunar impact basins are critical markers to understand the early bombardment history. This study focuses on isostatic compensation processes at 16 lunar farside basins, exploring how long‐term alteration processes affect estimates of impactor sizes and timing. Using a lithospheric flexure model, we analyze the isostatically compensated gravity signature of these basins. Our approach is based on previously published basin formation models using the iSALE‐2D shock physics code. Here we investigate how isostatic compensation processes alter the gravity signature using models of basin formation as initial conditions. We compare our results with the present day observed gravity data. We assume that isostatic compensation is the result of flexural deformation of the crust‐mantle boundary with varying lithospheric elastic thicknesses. Our results indicate that the effect of isostatic compensation on the gravity signature varies depending on the thermal conditions at the time of impact. We find that despite this variability, the overall influence of isostatic compensation on the gravity signature is generally moderate to minor. Additionally, our analysis is consistent with previous studies that have shown that the elastic thickness varies across the Moon. Our findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship between basin formation and the thermal evolution of the Moon. The variations in elastic thickness found provide nuanced insights into lunar geological processes and improve our understanding of the early history of the Moon. Plain Language Summary: This study addresses the early bombardment history of the Moon, particularly the basin forming asteroid impacts in the first 700 million years. The large crater structures and basins serve as historical markers that make it possible to estimate the size of the cosmic bodies that formed them and to estimate the thermal conditions of the Moon at the time of their formation. As the surface expression of some basins is poorly preserved, making size measurements uncertain, gravity anomalies, caused by subsurface mass displacements and changes in density, are valuable for evaluation. Based on previously published numerical simulations of basin formation, we correlate our results with gravity data from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory mission. In the period between the formation of the basin and today's observation, isostatic compensation processes probably caused changes that we are trying to reconstruct using models. Our findings emphasize the significant role of lithospheric elasticity, determining whether isostatic compensation occurs locally or regionally. Regarding the lunar farside, we observed spatial variations in elastic thickness, dependent on the cooling history of each basin. Importantly, our study revealed that previously determined impactor sizes exhibit no to minimal change with the introduction of isostatic compensation through our lithospheric flexure model. Key Points: Isostatic compensation: We use the elastic thickness of the lithosphere to account for isostatic compensation in basin formation modelsIsostatic compensation of lunar farside basins varies with impactor size and thermal state, affecting basin's gravity signaturesThe effects of isostatic compensation on the estimated impactor sizes for farside basins are limited [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Making of Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein'" by Daisy Hay is a concise and visually appealing book that provides an overview of the history of Mary Shelley's famous novel. The book covers major themes, the novel's reception, and the life of the author. It is published by the Bodleian Library, which owns the manuscript of 'Frankenstein,' and is well-designed and durable. While the book offers valuable insights, some readers may take issue with the author's tendency to specify what Shelley leaves unsaid and the use of Mary Shelley's first name only. Overall, it is a recommended resource for those interested in learning more about 'Frankenstein.' [Extracted from the article]

As part of de-Communization, states in central and eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union used lustration measures to remove Communist officials and secret police collaborators from positions of power and to bring to light Communist-era abuses. As a form of transitional justice, lustration is unusually temporally tethered to the Communist past. However, in practice some states stretched lustration's temporal parameters, reaching back up to eighty years to pre-Soviet and Nazi World War II (WWII) abuses, and extending forward decades into the post-Communist present. This temporal stretching expanded lustration's goals beyond vetting mechanism to corruption fighter, historical memory marker, and nation-state (re)builder. Lustration's temporal stretching conflicts with Venice Commission, Council of Europe, and European Court of Human Rights guidelines and legal rulings on lustration. This article presents three temporal approaches to the window of time covered by lustration in eleven post-Communist states between 1990 and 2018: lustration focused on a single, elongated Communist past, lustration covering multiple pasts, and lustration spanning both Communist and post-Communist abuses. Comparative cases in these three temporal categories illustrate significant variation within states surrounding the temporal purview of lustration. This regional variation is juxtaposed with Council of Europe guidelines, related court rulings, and Venice Commission amicus briefs to illustrate contending temporalities surrounding the use of lustration as an "extraordinary" justice measure in consolidated democracies. This study highlights the importance of time as a variable and invites more empirical work on the conditional effects of time on transitional justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides its main use as a form of the movement verb ir 'to go', the Spanish form vaya (lit. go) is also used as a verbal discourse marker. Here we trace this transition from a purely verbal form to a discourse marker by searching a historical corpus of documents in Spanish, which reveals the increasing use over time of vaya in exclamatives to replace a presentational construction. We focus on vaya in isolation and in combination with an indefinite DP or a bare NP. We analyze the meaning of vaya as an epistemic discourse marker, by means of which the speaker expresses a judgment, a subjective epistemic and evidential evaluation of a proposition accessible from context. We postulate that these constructions sit in a Judgment Phrase at the syntactic-pragmatic interface (Krifka 2020), a position to which vaya also moves when its meaning is that of an expressive intensifier that directly modifies over one or more (contextually salient) properties of the noun contained in the DP/NP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complejo Conejo is a Chilean design and performance collective that creates projects in public spaces, exploring concepts such as absurdity and masking. Their performances involve multiple performers wearing costumes that embody simple and absurd concepts, creating a walking idea that can be interpreted in multiple ways. The collective redefines spaces and daily traffic actions, providing an ephemeral spectacle to passers-by. Their recent performances involve performers imitating the movements of passers-by and exploring human creations in public spaces. The costumes are designed to subtract identity and create a crew, with the performers' skin completely covered until the end of the show. The collective's approach to costume design and performance comes from their participation in a walking exhibition in 2015, allowing them to explore the performativity of costumes in public spaces. The document discusses the costume design process of Complejo Conejo, emphasizing the importance of diversity in the costumes and the communication between the costumes and the diverse bodies in public spaces. [Extracted from the article]

In this article we explore the text of the over 16,000 historical markers erected in the state since 1936, using GIS and corpus linguistics to determine the where, how, what, and when of how Texas memorializes its racial and ethnic groups. Unsurprisingly, our results indicate that the story of Texas is implicitly a narrative of white people. More interestingly, the term “African (Americans)” begins to be commemorated especially after the 1990s, but only in stories of community, religion, school, and children, as Texas historical markers do not to dwell on narratives of slavery, the civil rights movement, and lynchings. “Indians” and “Mexicans” in the 1930s and 1960s exemplify the most egregious case of derogatory semantics we found in the markers. As concerns racial and ethnic groups, in general they tend to be memorialized where they were historically present, whether or not such groups are still there. The analysis also reveals the increasing concentration of the markers in urban areas.

In this article we explore the text of the over 16,000 historical markers erected in the state since 1936, using GIS and corpus linguistics to determine the where, how, what, and when of how Texas memorializes its racial and ethnic groups. Unsurprisingly, our results indicate that the story of Texas is implicitly a narrative of white people. More interestingly, the term "African (Americans)" begins to be commemorated especially after the 1990s, but only in stories of community, religion, school, and children, as Texas historical markers do not to dwell on narratives of slavery, the civil rights movement, and lynchings. "Indians" and "Mexicans" in the 1930s and 1960s exemplify the most egregious case of derogatory semantics we found in the markers. As concerns racial and ethnic groups, in general they tend to be memorialized where they were historically present, whether or not such groups are still there. The analysis also reveals the increasing concentration of the markers in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blue Plaques originated in London in 1867, prior to the formation of the National Trust, as a means of commemorating famous people who lived in the city and the building associated with them. Commemorative plaques are found in other cities and countries as a means of raising public awareness about material and social heritage. The Blue Plaques of the City of Johannesburg, South Africa were identified, thematically analysed, classified and compared with the formal heritage lists. The spatial distribution was interrogated, with the Blue Plaques and formally listed heritage resources mapped for the first time. The plaques are clustered around a few parts of the city, namely the CBD, Soweto, and the suburbs of Alexandra and Parktown. This reflects the impact of private sector lobby groups in motivating for, and in many cases, financing the erection of the plaques. The City of Johannesburg Department of Arts, Culture and Heritage plays a lead role in identifying and sponsoring a small number of plaques each year, however this role could be expanded to provide a more balanced representation of the city's heritage, both thematically and in terms of spatial distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jacob Bricca's book, "How Documentaries Work," provides a practical guide to understanding documentary form and is useful for students and filmmakers. Bricca breaks down documentaries into their component parts, using contemporary examples to explain how documentaries rely on conventions to convey meaning and manipulate reality. He argues that in the era of "post-truth," it is important to teach media literacy and provide tools for understanding the persuasive power of documentaries. Betsy McLane's book, "A New History of Documentary Film," offers a comprehensive history of documentary primarily focused on the UK, USA, Russia, and France. McLane builds on the work of scholars like Bill Nichols and Erik Barnouw, tracing the evolution of documentary from its origins to the present day. However, both books have a Western-centric focus, and it is important to include diverse perspectives in the study of documentary filmmaking. [Extracted from the article]

South Africa has a colonial and apartheid past of social injustice, epistemological oppression, and exclusion. These mechanisms are historically inscribed in the designs, practices, and content of higher education—including in occupational therapy curriculum. If these historical markers are not consciously interrogated, patterns of reproduction are reified along the fault lines that already exist in society. The focus of this article is to demonstrate how an archaeological Foucauldian method was crafted from foundational Foucauldian archaeology analytics and existing approaches of Foucauldian discourse analysis to unearth the rules of the formation of the occupational therapy profession. These rules pertain to the formation of (a) the 'ideal occupational therapist'; (b) who had a say about the profession; (c) the ways of preferred reasoning; and (d) underlying theoretical themes and perspectives about the future. Data sources for this archaeology analytics included commemorative documents of universities on the origin of their programmes; historical regulatory documents; and the South African Journal of Occupational Therapy archive from the period 1953–1994. The analysis rendered two subthemes for each of the rules of formation including 'white exceptionalism', white male national, and international, regulatory bodies, the profession's know-how practical knowledge, and its need for recognition within a bio-medical paradigm. Unearthing the historical markers of a curriculum and viewing it as discourse may enable a conscious reconfiguration thereof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lussari is a Marian sanctuary located at the eastern end of the Alpine arc, attracting Italian, Austrian, and predominantly Slovenian pilgrims for the past six centuries. Hiking, religious tourism, and pilgrimage expose local residents and foreign visitors to a direct experience of the symbolic dimension of the Alpine mountain. This research was based on participant observation during the Pilgrim's Path, the ascent to the Hunter's Peaks, and the visit to the sanctuary on the heights of Lussari. It included interviews with visitors, pilgrims, and locals; photographic documentation of ritual settings -summit crosses, chapels, Stations of the Cross, etc.-; readings from the summit book and the book of intentions in the temple; interpretation of ex-votos, offerings, and commemorative plaques; and documentation such as photographic records and field notes. The analysis focused on the symbolic dimension of the high-altitude landscape, considering the conceptual framework provided by Edwin Bernbaum for the study of sacred mountains, as well as that of classical authors in religious anthropology, including Victor Turner and Mircea Eliade, among others. As a result of the investigative work, it is interpreted that the high-altitude sanctuary of Monte Lussari gathers devotees concerned with human fertility, health, and family and social ties traditionally cultivated in this scenic corner of the Julian Alps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the International Union of Immunological Societies General Assembly in 1972, Portugal was represented by the immunologist that would later become the first President of SPI, Machado Caetano, who took part in this event as an observer [[3]]. Keywords: Meeting report; Portuguese Society of Immunology; SPI EN Meeting report Portuguese Society of Immunology SPI 1 4 4 07/17/23 20230701 NES 230701 Abbreviations EFIS European Federation of Societies for Immunology SPI Portuguese Society of Immunology A brief history of the Portuguese Society of Immunology In the early 1970s, the awareness of the need to promote training in immunology in Portugal emerged in connection with the evidence of the scarcity and lack of organization of teaching in the field. [Extracted from the article]

The Annual Report of the Treasurer for the Alabama Historical Association provides a summary of the organization's financial activities from January 1 to December 31, 2023. The report includes details of receipts and disbursements, with receipts totaling $145,443.14 and disbursements totaling $131,667.97. The report also outlines the fund balances as of December 31, 2023, with unrestricted funds amounting to $49,898.20 and restricted funds totaling $277,247.91. This report offers valuable information for library patrons interested in the financial management of the Alabama Historical Association. [Extracted from the article]

On August 21, 2022, more than 100 individuals from at least nine different states gathered at Wills Eye Hospital in Philadelphia. Each of the three major eye care professions in the United States was amply represented. The occasion was to celebrate the contributions of John McAllister, Sr. and his descendants, whose early efforts led to the advancement of scientific knowledge, and to the evolution of eye care in the United States. John McAllister is widely regarded as the father (or grandfather) of optometry, since his work and the work of his progeny led to the beginning of optometry as an independent profession. The highlight of the event was the dedication of a historical marker honoring the ophthalmic legacy of the McAllister Family. The marker is situated in Old Town Philadelphia, very near where John’s original optical shoppe was located. The three eye care professions— opticianry, ophthalmology, and optometry—worked hand in hand to make this remarkable achievement possible. This paper tells the story of how and why it all came about. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that projects to make Britain's imperial history visible to the public through the display of statues, the establishment of a history museum, and the renovation of historical markers solidified a colonial narrative about the British empire's permanence in India during the first two decades of the twentieth century, decades in which anticolonial unrest threatened the British occupation of the subcontinent. The monumental scale expressed permanence. An imperial aesthetic linked the cities important to showcasing the empire in Calcutta, New Delhi, and London. Contrary to mainstream assumptions that commemorations should be preserved for the sake of documenting history, these markers enacted a British story of triumph at a moment when mass campaigns against British rule were occurring. Coming at the end of a long nineteenth century of statue mania, when many European nations installed memorials to national heroes, the installation of monuments in India presented a colonialist public history of events such as the Black Hole incident of 1757 or the rebellions of 1857. Drawing from Viceroy George Curzon's ambitions in historical preservation and monumentalizing, the article shows how he stabilized a British narrative of India amid anticolonial campaigns of protest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The First World War has had an indelible impact on Newfoundland, shaping not only its relationship with Britain and empire, but also its union with Canada in 1949. For some, the Battle of the Somme was a powerful display of Newfoundland's identity as a British dominion and its loyalty to the mother country. Many Newfoundlanders, however, lament the tragic economic and political consequences of Newfoundland's war service that many believe led to its loss of independence and its union with Canada decades later. Edward Riche's 2017 play Dedication explores the legacy of the First World War on Newfoundland identity and the province's continued positive association with Sir Douglas Haig through the dramatisation of a grieving female journalist interviewing Haig in St. John's in 1924, just before the unveiling of the national war memorial. The play grapples with themes of colonisation, patriotism, and duty as the playwright seeks to challenge the prevailing myth of identity grounded in glorious sacrifice. While the interview in the play raises questions about the war's legacy through its focus on the dedication of the WWI monument by Haig himself, Riche interrogates Newfoundland's established memory of the war, as well as the value of monuments as historical markers of memory and identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book is organized in three parts: "Foundations" (chapters 1-5), "Case studies" (chapters 6-10) and "Open issues for historical Construction Grammar" (chapters 11-14). Formulaic theticals, such as DMs, are regarded as the result of "cooptation" from sentence grammar whereby a chunk of sentence grammar is deployed for use on the metatextual level thereby turning into a thetical. ([4]) propose that a broad conception of grammar is needed in the framework of Discourse Grammar that distinguishes between sentence grammar and thetical grammar. With this in mind, Elizabeth C. Traugott undertook to write I Discourse Structuring Markers in English i as a contribution to a new field of historical constructionalist pragmatics incorporating pragmatics and the context into historical linguistics. [Extracted from the article]

As Tung shows throughout the book, photography, film, painting, poetry, novels, shorter fiction - all open themselves to the possibility of strange time events, counterintuitive scenarios, and banal realities in ways that can produce effects that are startling and uncomfortable, but also beautiful and arresting. For me, perhaps the I tour de force i chapter is the final one, on inhuman time scales (a shortened version of which appeared in I Modernism/modernity i ) where Tung effortlessly brings early twentieth-century popular science writers into conversation with Woolf, Wells, Stapledon, and, ninety years later, Terrence Malick, to consider some of the more mind-bending representations of time in the period. Backgazing: Reverse Time in Modernist Culture. The first lays out the book's key idea of "retrodynamics" a concept that, like "antipodean modernism" helps to characterize the overall principle of reversal that Giles offers as a very broad modernist signature. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of Archaeological, Anthropological, & Interdisciplinary Studies (JAAIS) / Revista de Arheologie, Antropologie si Studii Interdisciplinare is the property of Institute of Bioarchaeology & Ethnocultural Research (ICBE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Texas Historical Commission ("THC"), a legislatively enacted agency of the State of Texas, has erected and disseminated nearly 17,000 historical markers across the state's vast 268,596 square miles and 254 counties with one express purpose: "To protect and preserve the state's historic and prehistoric resources for the use, education, enjoyment, and economic benefit of present and future generations." Unfortunately, the histories of both the United States and Texas are under siege. Politically charged and fear driven constituents have fully devoted their collective time, energy, and financial resources to destroying the perceived new boogeyman, Critical Race Theory ("CRT"). Since January 2021, all but six states have considered legislation concerning CRT in public schools. Currently, eighteen states, including Texas, have passed legislation banning CRT to eradicate altogether or offer a redacted historicity. Despite their intent, the THC, through its application and review processes, actively participates in erecting memorials that obscure aspects of Texas history, especially those pertaining to race and racism. Conversely, CRT advocates, through one of its key tenets of counter-storytelling, aim to reveal all history. The specific case of "Old Frank" illuminates the intersectionality between CRT, the State of Texas, and Southern Methodist University's histories. Located two blocks north of the campus in University Park, Texas, "Old Frank," a family slave, inaugurated The Daniel Family Cemetery in 1850 and has been buried there with other "unknown" slaves in unmarked graves for nearly two centuries. "Old Frank's" untold or "undertold" story both illuminate CRT's necessity and stymies the THC's ability to fulfill its motto of "Real Places Telling Real Stories.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Monumental Disruptions: Aboriginal People and Colonial Commemorations in So-Called Australia" by Bronwyn Carlson and Terri Farrelly explores the contestation of colonial symbols and memories by Aboriginal people in Australia. The book expands the exploration of commemorative practice beyond colonial monuments to include documented histories, national days, the Australian flag and anthem, and Aboriginal sites. It also examines the relationship between the symbolic worlds of First Peoples and colonizers and the disruptions caused by each party in response to the other's systems of meaning-making. The book provides valuable insights into the legacy of racist oppression and heritage destruction that informs contemporary anticolonial protest. [Extracted from the article]

The article titled "Agostino Carducci, Marc Dax and Stigler's law of eponymy" discusses the phenomenon of eponyms in medical terminology. The authors propose the question of why certain diseases are named after specific individuals, while others are not. They introduce Stigler's law of eponymy, which suggests that scientific discoveries are often not named after their original discoverers. The article provides examples from neurology, such as Marchiafava-Bignami disease and Broca's aphasia, to illustrate this phenomenon. The authors do not take a stance on the appropriateness of using eponyms in medical terminology, but rather aim to explain the various factors that contribute to the naming of diseases. [Extracted from the article]

The genus Eunectes Wagler, 1830 is divided into four nominal species: E. murinus (Linnaeus, 1758), E. notaeus Cope, 1862, E. deschauenseei Dunn and Conant, 1936, and E. beniensis Dirksen, 2002 (E. barbouri Dunn and Conant, 1936 being a synonym of E. murinus). We analyze multivariate morphological traits (scalation, coloration pattern, and body shape), sequences of one mitochondrial and five nuclear genes, and genetic patterns of randomly amplified DNA (RAPD) markers of historical geographical samples representing all known taxa. We show that the genus consists of two distinct evolutionary lineages, 'big-bodied' (only E. murinus) and 'small-bodied' anacondas. The latter group includes three morphologically distinct allopatric forms, E. notaeus , E. deschauenseei , and E. beniensis. Both phenotypically and genotypically, E. beniensis is more distant from E. notaeus and E. deschauenseei than the two latter species are from each other. However, the three nominal species of small-bodied anacondas did not show clear reciprocal monophyly and did not reach the stage of complete lineage sorting. Instead, genetic data support the presence of three incipient species of small-bodied anacondas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late Holocene relative sea-level reconstructions are commonly generated using proxies preserved in salt-marsh and mangrove sediment. These depositional environments provide abundant material for radiocarbon dating in the form of identifiable macrofossils (salt marshes) and bulk organic sediment (mangroves). We explore if single-step graphitization of these samples in preparation for radiocarbon dating can increase the number and temporal resolution of relative sea-level reconstructions without a corresponding increase in cost. Dating of salt-marsh macrofossils from the northeastern United States and bulk mangrove sediment from the Federated States of Micronesia indicates that single-step graphitization generates radiocarbon ages that are indistinguishable from replicates prepared using traditional graphitization, but with a modest increase in error (mean/maximum of 6.25/15 additional 14C yr for salt-marsh macrofossils). Low 12C currents measured on bulk mangrove sediment following single-step graphitization likely render them unreliable despite their apparent accuracy. Simulated chronologies for six salt-marsh cores indicate that having twice as many radiocarbon dates (since single-step graphitization costs ∼50% of traditional graphitization) results in narrower confidence intervals for sample age estimated by age-depth models when the additional error from the single-step method is less than ∼50 14C yr (∼30 14C yr if the chronology also utilizes historical age markers). Since these thresholds are greater than our empirical estimates of the additional error, we conclude that adopting single-step graphitization for radiocarbon measurements on plant macrofossils is likely to increase precision of age-depth models by more than 20/10% (without/with historical age markers). This improvement can be implemented without additional cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]