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Frida Kahlo's medical history shows sequelae of polio, a severe traumatic event that caused multiple fractures and a penetrating pelvic injury, as well as a history of countless surgeries. In her biographical accounts and her works, chronic disabling pain always appears for long periods. Besides, a chronic foot ulcer, gangrene that required amputation of the right leg, a history of abortions, and a positive Wasserman reaction suggest that the artist could have suffered from antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS)., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Reumatología y Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: This study analysed the frequency of anterior uveitis (AU) and its correlations in a large cohort of patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA)., Methods: A common protocol of investigation was prospectively applied to 2012 SpA patients in 85 centres from 10 Ibero-American countries. Clinical and demographic variables and disease indexes were investigated. Categorical variables were compared by χ2 and Fisher's exact test, and continuous variables were compared by ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant., Results: AU was referred by 372 SpA patients (18.5%). AU was statistically associated with inflammatory low back pain (p<0.001), radiographic sacroiliitis (p<0.001), enthesopathies (p=0.004), urethritis/acute diarrhoea (p<0.001), balanitis (p=0.002), hip involvement (p=0.002), HLA-B27 (p=0.003), and higher C-reactive protein (p=0.001), whilst it was negatively associated with the number of painful (p=0.03) and swollen (p=0.005) peripheral joints, psoriatic arthritis (p<0.001), psoriasis (p<0.001), nail involvement (p<0.001), and dactilitis (p=0.062; trend). No association with gender, race, and indices (disease activity, functionality and quality of life) was observed. Logistic regression showed that ankylosing spondylitis (p=0.001) and HLA-B27 (p=0.083; trend) was significantly associated with AU, while extra-articular manifestations (predominantly psoriasis) were negatively associated (p=0.016)., Conclusions: Anterior uveitis is a frequent extra-articular manifestation in SpA patients, positively associated with axial involvement and HLA-B27 and negatively associated with peripheral involvement and psoriatic arthritis.

Objective: To determine if the application of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) therapy has a positive effect over the cartilage repair, functional status and reduction of pain in patients with grade 2 or 3 osteoarthrosis of the knee., Design: This trial was an observational, before and after study without a control group, in which 10 patients (eleven knees) were studied. We applied LIPUS therapy with an intensity of 0.3W/cm(2), duty cycle of 50%, giving a total of 36J/cm(2) per session during 36 sessions (three months). The clinical measures were obtained before the first session and at the end of the 36th session, and were: cartilage thickness by the analysis of magnetic resonance images (MRI) measured by two rheumatologists and a radiology specialist, pain by a visual analog scale (1-10cm) and function/severity by the Lequesne index. We used the non parametric tests of Wilcoxon for comparing medians and the Spearmans rho for the correlation of the inter observer cartilage thickness measurements defining a p value of<0.05 as significant., Results: We observed an effect on pain (VAS mean before 7.09+-2.54 mean after 4.18+-2.22 p 0.005) and on the function/severity index (Lequesne mean before 10.55+-5.42 mean after 5+-4.45 p 0.008). There was poor consistency regarding the cartilage thickness measures by resonance imaging between the three observers (2 rheumatologists and 1 radiologist) so we were not able to define the presence or absence of effect on cartilage thickness augmentation., Conclusions: LIPUS has a benefic effect over pain and functionality/severity in patients with Kellgren and Lawrence grade 2 and 3 osteoarthritis of the knee. Unfortunately in this study we did not count with a reliable measure method to conclude on its effect over cartilage thickness measured by MRI., (Copyright © 2008 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To determine in gout patients, the temporal relationship between the first gout attack and the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS), its components and complications., Subjects and Methods: We included consecutive gout patients attending 2 Rheumatology Departments from Spain (Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía) and México (Hospital General de México). Variables included demographic, clinical, and biochemical data: Hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low high density lipoproteins (HDL), obesity, hyperglycemia or diabetes, MS (Adult Treatment Pane III criteria), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and chronic renal failure (CRF). Age and date (year) of the diagnosis of first acute gout attack and associated diseases were obtained., Results: Four hundred seven patients were included (96% men); mean age at onset, mean age at inclusion, and mean duration of the disease were 39.7 +/- 13, 52.5 +/- 13, and 13.7 +/- 9.9 years, respectively. In 90%, the first attack of gout preceded the diagnosis of features of MS, MS itself or its complications (CRF and IHD), 9.8% had previous diagnosis of at least 1 associated disease. At the time of the inclusion (mean, 13.7 years after the first attack), 93% had at least 1 associated disease. The most common were hypertriglyceridemia, 63%; obesity, 54%; hypertension, 45.6%; MS, 40%; hyperglycemia, 37%; low HDL, 17%; diabetes, 15%; CRF, 17%; and IHD, 6.6%. Although patients from the 2 Rheumatology Departments had several demographic and clinical differences, in both groups most of the patients (70% Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía and 95% Hospital General de México) had no diagnosis of any associated disease previous to first bouts and at inclusion most of them had the diagnosis of at least 1 associated disease., Conclusions: First attacks of gout may precede the diagnosis of metabolic abnormalities and associated diseases, and provids a unique opportunity to diagnose, prevent, and/or retard long-term complications in these patients.