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Purpose: Renal anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease. Currently, recombinant human erythropoietin and roxadustat are the main treatments. In China, diabetic kidney disease is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease. However, high-quality evidence on the efficacy of roxadustat in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus is scarce. This study aimed to assess the clinical effect of roxadustat in such patients. Methods: Patients with non-dialysis-dependent anemia and diabetes mellitus who received roxadustat or recombinant human erythropoietin for ≥ 4 weeks were enrolled. We compared baseline characteristics, including age, gender, hypertension, and hemoglobin level, and then employed a 1:3 ratio propensity score matching. The primary efficacy outcomes were changes in hemoglobin levels. After propensity score matching, 212 patients were analyzed, including the roxadustat (n = 53) and recombinant human erythropoietin (n = 159) groups. Baseline characteristics were comparable, including hemoglobin level, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and glycated hemoglobin A1c (p > 0.05). Results: After 4, 12, and 24 weeks of treatment, the median hemoglobin levels in the roxadustat group were 97.5 g/L, 104 g/L, and 106.5 g/L, respectively, significantly surpassing the corresponding levels in the recombinant human erythropoietin group at 91 g/L, 94.5 g/L, and 94.5 g/L (p = 0.002, p = 0.025, p = 0.006, respectively). Additionally, subgroup analysis demonstrated better treatment efficacy of roxadustat patients with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and low albumin levels. Conclusion: In Chinese patients with anemia and diabetes not on dialysis, roxadustat efficiently and rapidly improved and maintained hemoglobin levels unaffected by elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and low albumin levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beckground: Menstruating young women experience twice as much iron loss as young men. One alternative effort that can be made is to provide functional drinks that are useful for overcoming anemia. Functional beverages must provide nutritional intake and sensory satisfaction, such as good taste and good texture, using sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea Batatas L). Sweet potato leaves are chosen as raw material because, besides being abundantly available and accessible to cultivate, they are also very cheap, so that they can reduce production costs. Pancalang Health Center is one of the Health Centers in the Kuningan Regency Area with reasonably high sweet potato cultivation. Aims: This study aims to determine the level of compliance with functional drink consumption, determine hemoglobin levels before and after functional drink intervention, describe anemia status before and after functional drink intervention, describe the effects of functional drink consumption, and nutritional status picture before and after consuming functional drink products. Research methode: The study was conducted by quasi-experiment in one group (nonrandomized pre-test and post-test without control group design). Purposive sampling was carried out by Purposive Sampling on adolescents at the Pancalang Health Center, Kuningan Regency. Data collection was done by checking HB levels before the intervention and after the intervention. The intervention is carried out for 52 days. Results: and Conclussion: The majority of respondents were compliant in consuming functional drinks, and only 7.5 % were non-compliant. The median before the intervention is 11 and after the intervention is 12 and a p value of

Abstract This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia among patients with gynecological cancer prior to any treatment and to identify contributing factors associated with anemia in this group. We retrospectively analyzed data from female patients aged 18 and above, diagnosed with various forms of gynecological cancer at The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University between February 2016 and March 2021. Anemia was assessed based on the most recent CBC results before any cancer treatment. Eligibility was based on a definitive histopathological diagnosis. Key variables included demographic details, clinical characteristics, and blood counts, focusing on hemoglobin levels. Statistical analysis was conducted using logistic regression models, and anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels below 12 g/dL for women, according to WHO criteria. Of the 320 participants, a significant prevalence of anemia was found. Correlations between anemia and factors like age, educational level, and biological markers (iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 levels) were identified. In our study, we found that the prevalence of anemia among patients with gynecological cancer prior to any treatment was 59.06%, indicating a significant health concern within this population. The study highlights a significant prevalence of anemia in patients with gynecological cancer, emphasizing the need for regular hemoglobin screening and individualized management. These findings suggest the importance of considering various characteristics and clinical variables in anemia management among this patient group. Further studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of these factors on patient outcomes and to develop targeted interventions.

HIGHLIGHTS • Pregnant women are prone to suffer from anemia. • Jackfruit seeds milk can be consumed as a non-pharmacological treatment to prevent and overcome anemia in pregnant women. ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of administering jackfruit seeds milk on hemoglobin levels in third trimester pregnant women at Bangetayu Health Center in Semarang, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: This study utilized a quasi-experimental approach with pre- and post-test control groups. The study included a sample of 35 out of 107 third trimester pregnant women from the Bangetayu Health Center in Semarang, Indonesia. The study was conducted between January and February 2022. The research sample comprised 35 respondents, divided into 17 control groups and 18 intervention groups. Purposive sampling was utilized as the sample technique. Data analysis involved both univariate and bivariate analysis techniques. The analysis involved utilizing chi-square test and independent t-test. This study utilized the SPSS software version 23 for data analysis. Results: The intervention group had an average hemoglobin level of 10.2 g/dL before treatment and 10.7 g/dL after therapy. The average hemoglobin level in the control group increased from 12.1 g/dL before to 12.4 g/dL after. The results indicated a p-value of 0.000 and a Relative Risk (RR) of 1.2. Conclusion: The consumption of jackfruit seed milk had an effect on the hemoglobin levels of third-trimester pregnant women at the health center in Bangetayu, Semarang, Indonesia. Failure to consume jackfruit seed milk results in 1.2 times decrease in the likelihood of boosting hemoglobin levels.

A woman's nutritional status significantly impacts the qualities of the baby she delivers, as assessed by the baby's weight and length at birth. This study aimed to identify factors influencing birth weight and length using a retrospective case-control design with secondary data collected from the mothers' cohort register at the Community Health Center in 2020-2021. The study included 100 samples, comprising 25 cases and 75 controls. Several determinants of birth weight and length were examined: the mother's age (OR=4.1, 95% CI 1.41-12.0), weight gain during pregnancy (OR=3.6, 95% CI 1.051-12.553), mid-upper arm circumference (OR=2.9, 95% CI 1.061-8.220), hemoglobin level (OR=4.711, 95% CI 1.57-14.11), and iron supplement intake (OR=1.837, 95% CI 0.600-5.624), with hemoglobin level identified as the most influential factor on birth qualities. Mothers with less than normal hemoglobin levels have a 4.7 times higher risk of delivering babies of lower weight and length than mothers with normal hemoglobin levels. The impact of low hemoglobin in pregnant women includes reduced oxygen supply for both the mother and fetus, resulting in low birth weight, child anemia, premature birth, and child mortality. Given these significant effects, it is crucial to establish standards for health services in Indonesia, ensuring that pregnant women with low hemoglobin receive comprehensive care aligned with Indonesia's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) standards.

IntroductionFrequent consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) during pregnancy is linked to excess intake of added sugar, fat, and sodium and inadequacy of several micronutrients. Diet quality during pregnancy should be maximized as inadequate levels of key nutrients and excessive intake of energy and added sugar might influence mother–child health. We aimed to estimate the contribution (% of total calories) of ultra-processed products to the total energy intake by pre-gestational body mass index (BMI) categories and Hb status during pregnancy in participants from the MAS-Lactancia Cohort.MethodsPre-gestational weight, hemoglobin levels, 24-h dietary intake recall interviews, and sociodemographic data were collected during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Reported consumed foods were categorized using the NOVA classification, and the contribution of calories from each NOVA category was estimated using the Mexican Food Database. We estimated medians and interquartile ranges (p25 and p75) for dietary intake and energy contributions. The comparison of intake between the second and third trimesters was done using the Wilcoxon test. In addition, a quantile regression model with an interaction between pre-gestational BMI and Hb levels status in tertiles over the percentage of energy from UPFs was adjusted by age and socioeconomic status.ResultsThe contribution to total energy intake from UPFs was 27.4% in the second trimester and 27% in the third trimester (with no statistical difference). The percentage of energy intake from UPFs was higher in women who started pregnancy with obesity and presented the lowest levels of Hb (1st tertile), 23.1, 35.8, and 44.7% for the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, respectively, compared to those with normal BMI and the highest tertile of Hb levels: 18, 29.0, and 38.6% for the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, respectively.ConclusionIn conclusion, UPF intake in pregnant women is similar to the general population and was higher for those with pre-gestational obesity and the lowest tertile of Hb levels. UPF contributes also to sugar, saturated fat, and sodium, which may adversely affect the health of mothers and their offspring.

Background: Central Sulawesi falls within the Wallacea region, making it home to various endemic flora and fauna. One distinctive plant in Central Sulawesi is the Moringa tree. The Moringa tree, especially its leaves, was often used as a culinary ingredient known as sayurkelor in the traditional cuisine of the Kaili ethnic group in Central Sulawesi Province. Objective: This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of moringa leaf extract in increasing hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte count. Method: Twenty-four male Wistar rats strain (Rattusnorvegicus) 9−10 weeks old and 200−250 grams were divided into four groups (n=6), normal as a no treatment, negative control, ethanol extract, and positive control during the 15thday. Blood samples on the 15thday were administered to determine blood count. Result: The resultsof this study showed differences in hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels in the four experimental groups.The significant difference in average hemoglobin levels between Group 2 and Group 3 with a P-value 0.05 (P value 0.07). The difference between Group 3 and Group 4 has a P-value >0.05 (P value 0.63). Conclusion: The research results indicate that pregnant Wistar rats experienced hemodilution characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels during pregnancy. However, after being given ethanol extract from moringa leaves, there was an increase in hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels. Keywords: Extract; ethanol; moringa; oleifera; hemoglobin

Fe intake, hepcidin levels, and hemoglobin levels in obese and normal female students Background: The most common anemia is related to problems with nutritional status. Obesity increases the risk of anemia because of the accumulation of fat in adipose tissue that triggers inflammation which can lead to anemia. Objective: This study aims to determine differences in iron (Fe) intake, hepcidin levels, and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in obese and normal female students. Methods: This research is an observational study with a comparative cross-sectional research design. Sampling was done by systematic random sampling. Data assessment of Fe intake, hepcidin levels, and Hb levels was carried out by SQ-FFQ interview, ELISA method, and cyanmethemoglobin method. Normality test and data analysis were performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-Square. Results: The mean intake of Fe in obesity was 14.39±6.87 mg higher than the normal female students' 14.14±7.50 mg (p=0.726). The median hepcidin level in obesity was 322.32 pg/mL higher than normal female students 315.67 pg/mL (p=0.677). The mean hemoglobin level in obesity was 11,2±1,1 g/dL lower than normal female students 12,1±1,09 g/dL (p=0.001). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in Fe intake and hepcidin levels in the obese and normal female students. However, there was a significant difference in hemoglobin levels in obese and normal female students.

Introduction: Hemoglobin is an erythrocyte tetrameric protein that binds to a non-protein molecule, the Iron porphyrin compound called heme. The most important function of hemoglobin is transporting oxygen (O2) from the lungs to the peripheral tissues and transporting carbon dioxide (CO2) from the tissues to the lungs for exhalation to the outside. Factors that affect hemoglobin levels one of physical activity. Strenuous physical activity that releases a lot of sweat such as aerobics, cycling (19 – 22 km/h), swimming, tennis and running. The study aimed to determine the difference in hemoglobin levels before and after heavy physical activity in the form of running for 5 minutes with a heart rate frequency > 145 times/minute. Method: data analysis using Paired Sample T-Test SPSS. This research was conducted at the Muhammadiyah Institute of Health Sciences and Technology Palembang in March 2021 with a total of 32 respondent. Results: the average hemoglobin levels before physical activity is 15,1 g/dL while hemoglobin levels after heavy physical activity is 15,3 g/dL, based on the Test Paired Sample t-Test get p > 0.05 that is no difference between the two. Discussion: there was no difference between hemoglobin levels before and after heavy physical activity.

Background: In 2019, the prevalence of anemia in children under 5 years of age was 39.8%, while the prevalence of anemia in women of childbearing age was 29.9%, and in pregnant women of childbearing age, the prevalence of anemia ranged from 34.0% to 39.1%. The purpose of this research is to investigate the hemoglobin and ferritin of rattus wistar with iron deficiency anemia after consumption snack bar from cowpea flour and haruan fish. Methods: Pre-posttest group design was used in this experiment, consisting of 2 groups. Groups P0 was given commercial feed for 30 days dan group P1 was given snack bar from cowpea flour and haruan fish for 30 days. Before to treatment, all rattus were made into iron deficiency anemia by given commercial feed free iron. Results: The results this study increased the high hemoglobin levels ranged from 2.83 to 3.35 g/dl and ferritin levels ranged from 30.61 to 37.45 μg/l in the rattus was given snack bar from cowpea flour and haruan fish in comparison with the rattus was given commercial feed that hemoglobin levels ranged from 0.22 to 0.48 g/dl and ferritin levels ranged from 0.55 to 5.98 μg/l. Conclusions: The hemoglobin and ferrin profiles in Wistar rattus increased after receiving a snack bar of cowpea flour and haruan fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most women of reproductive age experience physical, emotional, and psychological discomfort in the week before menstruation called premenstrual syndrome (PMS). However, the specific cause for PMS is still not clear. In this study, we aimed at assessing the association of hemoglobin (Hb) level with PMS symptoms. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty-nine healthy female students from medical and paramedical courses of age 18-22 years who were not on any medications were included in the study. The Hb of each participant was measured. A structured PMS symptoms questionnaire was designed based on the article by Lori M. Dickerson et al. The participants were asked to fill the questionnaire and scoring was done. Data were analyzed in SPSS V24. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate proportions and inferential statistics such as the unpaired t-test and one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the Hb level among those with PMS and those without and the association of Hb level with the type of PMS symptoms, respectively. Results: 58.4% had PMS. There was a significant association of Hb level with PMS and lower Hb level was associated with physical and emotional symptoms. Conclusion: Occurrence of PMS symptoms was proportional to a fall in Hb level. Most physical symptoms of PMS are similar to anemia, hence can be confused due to PMS. Therefore, Hb level estimation helps in preventing misdiagnosis of PMS or symptoms related to decreased Hb level and also symptoms can be reduced by improving Hb levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) are functional plants with an abundance of nutrients both macronutrients and micronutrients. The need for nutrition in postpartum and lactating mothers is more than the nutritional needs of mothers during pregnancy, during the first 6 months the mother needs an additional energy of 500 calories / day which is useful for producing adequate milk production for the baby. The use of Moringa leaves has been widely used by the community as an alternative menu that is beneficial for mothers during pregnancy and breastfeeding mothers. For postpartum and lactating mothers, Moringa leaves are very useful and contain phytosterol compounds that are lactagogum effects that can increase and launch milk production so that they can improve the baby's health status by increasing the baby's weight and can also prevent stunting in infants. This research is a Quasy Experiment research with One Group Pretest and Postest Design approach. The sample in this study was determined by Purposive Sampling technique, which is a sample with a total of 19 postpartum mothers at the Juliana Tanjung Morawa midwife clinic. The results of the study found a difference between before and after being given Moringa leaf boiled water on maternal breast milk production, this can be seen from the sig value of 0.000 and the difference between before and after being given Moringa leaf cooking water on maternal HB levels, this can be seen from the GIS value of 0.000, it was concluded that there was an effect of Moringa leaf cooking water on breast milk production and Hb levels of postpartum mothers at the Juliana Tanjung Morawa clinic.

Background: Anemia is a health problem in Indonesia. Based on the 2018 Riskesdas data, the prevalence of anemia in adolescents is 32%, with mostly young women experiencing it. Anemia is often associated with nutritional problems, namely a lack of nutrients, especially iron, which can cause anemia. Adolescents need nutrition to assist in growth and development. To monitor a person's nutritional status can be done using the body mass index (BMI). Purpose: To determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin levels in class XI SMA Muhammadiyah 7 Yogyakarta. Methods: This study used an analytic observational research method with a cross-sectional design. Samples were taken using the total sampling technique, namely 28 female students. Data collection was carried out by measuring body mass index and examining hemoglobin levels, as well as data analysis using bivariate analysis of the Spearman-Rho correlation test. Results: The results showed that 2 people (7.1%) with a very low BMI had mild anemia, 1 person (3.6%) with a very thin BMI had moderate anemia, 2 people (7.1%) with a low BMI had moderate anemia, and 5 people (17.9%) with a normal BMI had mild anemia. The results of the Spearman Rho test data analysis showed that there was a relationship between body mass index and hemoglobin levels, with a significance value of p = 0.002 (p

Background: Most women of reproductive age experience physical, emotional, and psychological discomfort in the week before menstruation called premenstrual syndrome (PMS). However, the specific cause for PMS is still not clear. In this study, we aimed at assessing the association of hemoglobin (Hb) level with PMS symptoms. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty-nine healthy female students from medical and paramedical courses of age 18–22 years who were not on any medications were included in the study. The Hb of each participant was measured. A structured PMS symptoms questionnaire was designed based on the article by Lori M. Dickerson et al. The participants were asked to fill the questionnaire and scoring was done. Data were analyzed in SPSS V24. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate proportions and inferential statistics such as the unpaired t-test and one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the Hb level among those with PMS and those without and the association of Hb level with the type of PMS symptoms, respectively. Results: 58.4% had PMS. There was a significant association of Hb level with PMS and lower Hb level was associated with physical and emotional symptoms. Conclusion: Occurrence of PMS symptoms was proportional to a fall in Hb level. Most physical symptoms of PMS are similar to anemia, hence can be confused due to PMS. Therefore, Hb level estimation helps in preventing misdiagnosis of PMS or symptoms related to decreased Hb level and also symptoms can be reduced by improving Hb levels.

Nutrition education with animated media to improve hemoglobin levels and nutritional intake of anemic pregnant women Background: The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in 2018 increased compared to 2013. Anemic pregnant women need to receive nutrition education. Nutrition education requires media and various studies that report the success of nutrition education using various media. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of animated media nutrition education on improving hemoglobin and nutrient intake of anemic pregnant women. Methods: The study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest one-group design on 31 anemic pregnant women. Nutrition education media, namely animated videos, were prepared based on interviews with cadres and pregnant women. Hemoglobin levels, knowledge, attitudes, iron tablet consumption compliance, and nutrient intake were measured before and after being given animated media nutrition education. Results: The mean hemoglobin level of pregnant women after the intervention increased by 1.75 g/dl; knowledge score 3.52; behavior score 4.06; iron tablet consumption 28 grains; energy intake 574.62 Kcal; protein intake 19.46 g; vitamin C intake 25.98 mg; and iron intake 3.17 mg. Conclusion: Nutrition education intervention using animated video can improve hemoglobin level, knowledge, attitude, iron tablet consumption, and nutritional intake of pregnant women.

Iron nutrient anemia in adolescents can harm health. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between menstrual periods and iron consumption with hemoglobin levels in young women at SMP Negeri 19 Kota Bengkulu. This study uses a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique was a purposive sampling of 44 young women. Primary data collection is obtained by measuring the hemoglobin values taken using the Easy Touch GCHb tool, menstrual time taken by questionnaire, and knowing daily iron consumption by direct interview using the Semi-FFQ form, while secondary data is obtained by name, class, age, and the total number of young women in SMP Negeri 19 Kota Bengkulu. The test used in this study is the Pearson correlation test. The results showed that the average menstrual period was 7.7 days, the average yield of iron consumption was 8.14mg/day, and the average yield on hemoglobin levels was 11.70g/dl. The test results of the relationship between menstrual periods and hemoglobin levels obtained p value=0.005 with r=-0.417 shows that the strength of a moderate and negative pattern of relationship means that the greater the duration of menstruation, the smaller the hemoglobin level, and there is a relationship between iron consumption and hemoglobin levels obtained p-value=0,000 with r=0.665 shows that the strength of a strong relationship and positive pattern means that the greater the consumption of iron, the greater the hemoglobin level. There is a relationship between the duration of menstruation and hemoglobin levels, iron consumption, and hemoglobin levels.

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Background : Several conditions that affect adolescent health, including adolescent reproductive health are nutritional problems. Nutritional problems that occur in adolescents include anemia and chronic lack of energy. Anemia is a decreasing quantity of red blood cells in the circulation or the amount of haemoglobin under normal limits. The challenge of anemia in young women from 37.1% in Riskedas 2013 which actually increased to 48.9% in Riskesdas 2018, with the proportion of anemia in the age group 15-24 years and 25-34 years. These things clearly reinforce that adolescent health will determine the success of health development, especially in an effort to print the quality of the nation's next generation in the future. Anemia among adolescents can be caused by a lack of macronutrient and micronutrient intake. The micronutrients are needed by the body, especially by teenagers. Insufficiency of micronutrients in the body can cause anemia. Anemia has several types, one of which is nutritional anemia. One of the causes of nutritional anemia is iron deficiency. Based on Permenkes, RI No. 88, 2014, giving blood supplement tablets is one of the important efforts in the prevention and control of anemia because it is an effective way to prevent anemia due to iron deficiency and folic acid deficiency. Blood supplement tablets are tablets that are given to the fertile and pregnant women. For fertile women, it is given once in a week and once a day during period. Purpose : To determine the effect of giving blood supplement tablets to adolescent girls to increase hemoglobin levels, so, it can be seen whether female adolescents are anemic or not. If there are many adolescents with anemia, it is expected that health workers and the community should pay more attention to the importance of anemia-free of adolescents to prevent stunting. Therefore, there many healthy generations born in Cirebon .Method : This study uses a quasi-experimental design, where there is a treatment of giving blood supplement tablets for 3 months to junior high school students who have experienced menstruation whose hemoglobin levels were previously checked. After giving blood tablets for 3 months, the hemoglobin level was rechecked which involved 20 female students at Cirebon district. Result : The average of haemoglobin levels before given the treatment was 11.40 grams% with a standard deviation of 1.7634. Meanwhile the average of haemoglobin levels after given the treatment was increased 2.67 grams% to 14.07 grams% with a standard deviation of 1.3719. The result of statistical tests using the Dependent T test, p=0,000, means at 5% alpha, the final hypothesis accepted. There is a significant difference in haemoglobin levels before and given the treatment (giving the blood supplement tablet). This means there is an effect of giving the blood supplement tablets to adolescent girls on increasing haemoglobin levels. Conclusions : There is an effect of giving blood supplement tablets to adolescent girls on increasing haemoglobin levels.

Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent form of nutritional anemia worldwide, affecting a substantial portion of the population. It has significant negative effects on health and the economy, especially in poorer nations, and is more prevalent than anemia alone. Although hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is frequently used to track long-term glycemic management, several variables, including iron deficiency, might affect its values. For proper diabetic care, it is essential to comprehend this link. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of IDA on HbA1c levels in individuals with and without diabetes. Materials and methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, BLDE (Deemed to be University). Group 1 consists of diabetic patients with IDA, Group 2 consists of diabetic patients without IDA, and Group 3 consists of non-diabetics with IDA. A total of 108 patients were involved in the study. A complete hemogram, anemia profile, and HbA1c values were also a part of the data-gathering process. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York) was used for the statistical analysis, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results The study found no significant changes in the mean age, gender distribution, hypertension prevalence, weight, height, pulse rate, or blood pressure across the groups. Group 2 exhibited considerably higher hemoglobin levels than Groups 1 and 3. Group 1 showed substantially higher mean blood sugar and HbA1c levels than Group 3 (p < 0.05). Diabetic individuals had higher HbA1c levels than non-diabetic individuals, with the greatest levels found in diabetic patients with IDA. Conclusion This study found that IDA had a significant influence on HbA1c levels in diabetic patients, indicating that iron deficiency should be addressed when interpreting HbA1c levels in these individuals. These findings underscore the need for more study to better understand the processes behind this connection and the consequences for clinical management., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethical Clearance Certificate issued approval BLDE(DU)/IEC/750/2022-23. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Hari Krishna et al.)

Background: In this study, we aimed to retrospectively investigate the effects of patients’ age, body mass index (BMI), uterine size, presence of fibroids, previous surgery, and the experience of surgeons on blood loss during total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Methods: Data of 416 patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy in our gynecology clinic were retrospectively evaluated. Several factors that may be correlated with blood loss were investigated based on the changes in their hemoglobin levels. Results: In this study, BMI (under 30: 1.25 g/dL and over 30: 1.10 g/dL, p = 0.140), age (over 50 years: 1.05 g/dL and under 50 years: 1.20 g/dL, p = 0.196), uterus size (above 500 cm3: 1.00 g/dL and below 500 cm3: 1.20 g/dL, p = 0.227), presence of fibroids (fibroids: 1.20 g/dL and without fibroids: 1.10 g/dL) mg/dL, p = 0.843), previous operation history (surgical history: 0.90 g/dL and no surgical history: 1.00 g/dL, p = 0.631) were not correlated with blood loss. Case experience (inexperienced period: 1.10 g/dL and experienced period: 1.20 g/dL, p = 0.185) of each surgeon was not correlated with blood loss. When we examined the blood loss of 11 surgeons separately, it ranged from 0.75 g/dL (0.4–1.9 g/dL) to 1.65 g/dL (0.83–2.15 g/dL). Correlation of the individual surgeon factor with blood loss was statistically significant (p = 0.041). Discussion: Age, BMI, uterine size, presence of fibroids and previous operation history were not correlated with blood loss during total laparoscopic hysterectomy. We determined the individual surgeon as the only aspect affecting blood loss.

Background: The maternal mortality rate in Indonesia in 2015 according to the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) is still high at 305 per 100,000 live births. The highest cause of maternal mortality since the last decade is due to bleeding which is 30.3% and postpartum hemorrhage is the most frequent obstetric bleeding. One of the risk factors is anemia in pregnancy. Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between hemoglobin levels in mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy with the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in RSUD Haji Adam Malik Medan. Methods: This study was an analytical research study with a case-control design, using secondary data derived from medical records at RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan in 2017 – 2018. The study sample was determined using a purposive sampling method of all medical record data that met the study criteria and then analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: From 36 mothers had postpartum hemorrhage (case group) was found that mothers who had experienced postpartum hemorrhage with anemia (Hb < 11 g/dl) in the third trimester of pregnancy as many as 30 people (83,3%) and which had normal Hb (Hb > 11 g/dl) in the third trimester of pregnancy as many as 6 people (16,7%). From the chi-square test had a significant result (p= 0.000; OR = 7.000). Conclusion: There is an association between hemoglobin levels in mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy with the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. Keywords: hemoglobin levels, postpartum hemorrhage, vaginal delivery Latar Belakang: Angka Kematian Ibu di Indoensia pada tahun 2015 masih tinggi yaitu sebesar 305 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Penyebab kematian ibu tertinggi sejak satu dekade terakhir adalah karena perdarahan yaitu sebesar 30,3% dan perdarahan pascapersalinan adalah perdarahan obstetri yang paling sering terjadi. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah anemia pada ibu hamil. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar hemoglobin pada ibu di trimester III kehamilan dengan kejadian perdarahan pascapersalinan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian case control, menggunakan data sekunder yaitu rekam medik di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan tahun 2017 – 2018. Sampel penelitian dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling dari seluruh data rekam medik ibu dengan persalinan spontan pervaginam yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian lalu dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil: Dari 36 ibu dengan persalinan spontan pervaginam yang mengalami perdarahan pascapersalinan (data kasus) ditemukan bahwa ibu dengan persalinan spontan pervaginam yang mengalami perdarahan pascapersalinan dengan kadar Hb < 11 g/dl di trimester III kehamilannya sebanyak 30 orang (83,3%) dan yang dengan kadar Hb > 11 g/dl di trimester III kehamilannya sebanyak 6 orang (16,7%). Uji chi-square menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan (p = 0,000; = 7,000). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara kadar hemoglobin pada ibu di trimester III kehamilan dengan kejadian perdarahan pascapersalinan. Kata Kunci: kadar hemoglobin, perdarahan pascapersalinan, persalinan spontan pervaginam

Background: Chronic exposure to lead is detrimental, despite exposed to very low levels. Hematological and cardiovascular system are among the commonly affected systems due to chronic lead exposure. With tremendous progressive usage electrical and electronic products, they are being scrapped, recycled and refurbished by process of e-waste recycling. Primitive e-waste recycling activities are increasingly popular and contributes substantially to the economy and employment. However, the e-waste recycling process is a source of occupational lead exposure. Objective: To evaluate the influence of chronic lead exposure on the hematological and cardiovascular parameters among e-waste recyclers with variable levels of lead exposure. Methodology: All workers from two e-waste recycling units with significantly different lead levels were recruited after informed consent. Socio-demographic, occupational and clinical details of all participants were recorded. Environmental and blood lead levels (BLL) were evaluated using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS). The hematological parameters and cardiovascular parameters were assessed using standard tools. Group differences and multivariate regression analysis to achieve the objectives was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 17.0. Results: Sixty-four Workers employed (32 from each recycling unit) in these recycling units were exposed to significantly different levels of lead, however the levels were well within the permissible limits. Workers exposed to higher environmental lead levels had significantly higher BLL & diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as compared to their comparators. Further, workers with higher BLL exhibited a trend of reduced hemoglobin as compared to the workers with lower BLL. However, the study observed a trend of changes (hematological & cardiovascular) consistent to the possible homeostasis mechanisms of reduced hemoglobin. Elevation in blood pressure (BP), a known compensatory response to peripheral hypoxia (due to reduced hemoglobin), observed in the current study could either be due to direct and indirect (reduced hemoglobin) influence of lead exposure. Conclusion: Individuals chronically exposed to Lead, despite within the permissible levels can exhibit detrimental effects. Present results indicate the direct and indirect (reducing hemoglobin) mechanisms by which lead would influence BP. Future studies are recommended to confirm the present results.

Objective: To identify the effectiveness of beet juice administration on hemoglobin level of anemic pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental quantitative study using pretest-posttest design with a total sample of 30 patients who were divided into 2 groups of treatment groups (beetroot + Fe) and control group (Fe). The treatment was carried out for 14 days. Before and after the treatment, the samples were subjected to hemoglobin examination. Data in this study were the difference between pre-test and post-test values, the results of normality test with Shapiro Wilk, and, to identify the difference between pre-test and post-test, the results of Wilcoxon Test for abnormal data and Paired T-Test for normal data. Results: Mann Whitney Test results between treatment and control groups revealed p (0.023) < alpha (0.05). There was a significant difference in hemoglobin levels between TM III pregnant women with anemia receiving beets and those receiving Fe tablets only. Conclusion: Minimum Hb increase before and after the administration of Fe and beetroot juice to pregnant women was 17.7 gr% and the maximum Hb level was 0.8 gr%.

Introduction: Frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) during pregnancy is linked to excess intake of added sugar, fat, and sodium and inadequacy of several micronutrients. Diet quality during pregnancy should be maximized as inadequate levels of key nutrients and excessive intake of energy and added sugar might influence mother-child health. We aimed to estimate the contribution (% of total calories) of ultra-processed products to the total energy intake by pre-gestational body mass index (BMI) categories and Hb status during pregnancy in participants from the MAS-Lactancia Cohort., Methods: Pre-gestational weight, hemoglobin levels, 24-h dietary intake recall interviews, and sociodemographic data were collected during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Reported consumed foods were categorized using the NOVA classification, and the contribution of calories from each NOVA category was estimated using the Mexican Food Database. We estimated medians and interquartile ranges (p25 and p75) for dietary intake and energy contributions. The comparison of intake between the second and third trimesters was done using the Wilcoxon test. In addition, a quantile regression model with an interaction between pre-gestational BMI and Hb levels status in tertiles over the percentage of energy from UPFs was adjusted by age and socioeconomic status., Results: The contribution to total energy intake from UPFs was 27.4% in the second trimester and 27% in the third trimester (with no statistical difference). The percentage of energy intake from UPFs was higher in women who started pregnancy with obesity and presented the lowest levels of Hb (1st tertile), 23.1, 35.8, and 44.7% for the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, respectively, compared to those with normal BMI and the highest tertile of Hb levels: 18, 29.0, and 38.6% for the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, respectively., Conclusion: In conclusion, UPF intake in pregnant women is similar to the general population and was higher for those with pre-gestational obesity and the lowest tertile of Hb levels. UPF contributes also to sugar, saturated fat, and sodium, which may adversely affect the health of mothers and their offspring., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling editor SHC declared a shared affiliation with the author AC at the time of review. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Granich-Armenta, Contreras-Manzano, Cantoral, Christensen, Marrón-Ponce, Ávila-Jímenez, Ramírez-Silva, Rivera Dommarco, Grunnet, Bygbjerg and Lamadrid-Figueroa.)

Background: To date, there is limited evidence on patients utilizing both voxelotor and darbepoetin alfa and its impact on hemoglobin levels. The objective is to evaluate the effect of voxelotor and darbepoetin alfa on hemoglobin levels in patients with SCD., Research Design and Methods: This was a retrospective chart review study that assessed the primary independent variable as the utilization of either voxelotor alone, darbepoetin alfa alone, or the concurrent administration of voxelotor and darbepoetin alfa. Descriptive statistics were utilized to obtain the mean standard deviation for numerical variables and proportions for categorical variables., Results: A total of 23 participants were included in this study. When comparing baseline to 2 months and 3 months, participants on voxelotor alone experienced a 3% decrease and a 6.6% increase in hemoglobin, darbepoetin alfa alone group a 4.3% decrease and a 0.6% increase in hemoglobin and voxelotor and darbepoetin group a 4.4% decrease and a 0.5% decrease in hemoglobin levels. Fifty percent of the participants in the voxelotor group and 6 (66.7%) participants in the voxelotor plus darbepoetin alfa group experienced adverse drug events., Conclusions: Voxelotor resulted in a clinically significant difference in the percent change of hemoglobin from baseline to 3 months.

Background: Women had worse outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and physiologically, women had lower hemoglobin values. We examined whether there were sex-related differences in the relationship between hemoglobin levels and adverse outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Method: We conducted a post-hoc analysis of data from the Acute Coronary Syndrome Quality Improvement in Kerala (ACS-QUIK) Study. We explored the relationship between baseline hemoglobin level and 30-days adverse outcomes by logistic regression model, generalized additive model (GAM) and two-piecewise linear regression model. We used multiple imputation, based on five replications and a chained equation approach method in the R multiple imputation procedure, to account for missing data. The primary outcome were 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) defined as death, reinfarction, stroke, and major bleeding. The secondary outcomes were 30-day major bleeding, 30-day stroke and 30-day cardiovascular death (CVD death).Results: Twenty thousand, five hundred fifty-nine patients with AMI were included in our analysis. Baseline hemoglobin level was associated with major bleeding [OR: 0.74, 95%CI (0.60, 0.92) P < 0.01], CVD death [OR: 0.94, 95%CI (0.90, 0.99) P < 0.01], and MACEs [OR: 0.95, 95%CI (0.92, 0.99) P < 0.01]. There was no significant relationship between baseline hemoglobin level and stroke incidence in both men [OR: 1.02, 95%CI (0.90, 1.14) P = 0.77] and women [OR: 1.15, 95%CI (0.96, 1.37) P = 0.18]. Baseline hemoglobin level was associated with major bleeding [OR: 0.71, 95%CI (0.58, 0.85) P < 0.01] in male patients, however we did not find the same relationship in female patients [OR: 0.89, 95%CI (0.56, 1.41) P = 0.61]. GAM and two-piecewise linear regression model showed the relationships of hemoglobin level with major bleeding, CVD death, and MACEs were non-linear (non-linear P < 0.05), and the threshold value were 13, 14.8, and 14.3 g/dL for MACEs and CVD death, respectively.Conclusion: Baseline hemoglobin level was one of the independent predictors of prognosis in South Asia patients with acute myocardial infarction. Moreover, its impact on prognosis was largely different depending on the patients' sex.

Kasus anemia di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi hasil menunjukkan bahwa angka prevalensi anemia secara nasional pada semua kelompok umur adalah 21,70 %. Sedangkan prevalensi anemia di Provinsi Jawa Timur sebesar 5,8 %. Anemia adalah kondisi penyakit dimana jumlah sel darah merah lebih rendah dari jumlah normal. Kondisi ini biasa disebut sebagai kekurangan darah. Anemia dapat dideteksi dengan melakukan pengukuran kadar hemoglobin (Hb) menggunakan metode POCT (Point of Care Testing). Metode POCT merupakan metode yang dilakukan untuk pemeriksaan sederhana dengan menggunakan sampel dalam jumlah sedikit, mudah, cepat serta efektif dilakukan di daerah-daerah dengan jumlah fasilitas kesehatan seperti pusat kesehatan masyarakat (puskesmas), rumah sakit yang relatif sedikit khususnya di lokasi pengabdian masyarakat di Desa Sumbersono, Mojokerto. Jenis metode yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk skrining (pemeriksaan) kadar hemoglobin sebagai deteksi dini penyakit anemia dengan metode POCT, mengetahui hubungan antara umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan terhadap kejadian anemia serta sebagai upaya preventif (pencegahan) untuk meminimalisir penyakit anemia. Hasil menunjukkan dari 48 reponden (laki-laki 11 orang), (perempuan 37 orang) bahwa kejadian anemia pada perempuan 40 % lebih besar dibandingkan dengan laki-laki 6 %. Jumlah kasus anemia terbanyak terjadi pada umur ≥ 60 presentase 36,36 % dibandingkan kelompok umur lainnya. Jumlah kejadian anemia terbanyak dengan presentase 46 % pekerjaan Petani dibandingkan pekerjaan lainnya. Jumlah anemia dengan pendidikan sekolah dasar presentase 16,67 % terbanyak dibandingkan dengan pendidikan lainnya. Kesimpulannya tidak terdapat hubungan antara umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan terhadap penyakit anemia bagi masyarakat desa Sumbersono, Mojokerto. Kata kunci: Anemia, Kadar Hemoglobin . POCT, Faktor Anemia Abstract Cases of anemia in Indonesia are still quite high. The results show that the national prevalence of anemia in all age group is 21.70%. While the prevalence of anemia in East Java Province was 5.8%. Anemia is a disease because the number of red blood cells is lower than the normal number. This condition is commonly referred to blood deficiency. Anemia can be detected by measuring of hemoglobin (Hb) levels using the POCT (Point of Care Testing) method. The POCT method is a method that is carried out for a simple examination using a small samples, easy, fast and effective carried out in areas with a number of health facilities such as community health centers, hospitals that are relatively small, especially in community service locations in the village Sumbersono, Mojokerto. The type of method used is analytic observational. This community service activities aims to screening (examining) hemoglobin levels as an early detection of anemia using the POCT method, to find out the relationship between age, education, work and anemic events and as a preventive measure (prevention) to minimize anemia. The results showed there were 48 population, while (11 men), (37 women) that the incidence of anemia in women was 40% greater than 6% men. The highest number of anemia cases occurred at age ≥ 60 is 36.36% compared to other age groups. The highest number of anemia occurrences with 46% of Farmers' work compared to other occupations. The highest number of anemia with primary school education level is 16.67% compared to other education levels. Conclution There was no significant correlation between age, educational background, works and anemia cases in community the Sumbersono village, Mojokerto.

Pregnancy is a process of growth and development in an intrauterine fetus from conception to be born (1). Pregnant women are a group that is prone to nutritional problems due to an increase in body metabolism resulting in an increase in the need for nutrients. One of the nutrients needed is iron and folic acid found in spinach and beets. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of spinach and beets on hemoglobin levels of pregnant women through a systematic literature review approach. The results of a review of studies related to the effectiveness of spinach on hemoglobin levels of pregnant women with varying amounts and times. This method is effective for increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women in addition to offering Fe tablets. Giving beets, both in the form of juice, extract / supplement is also effective in increasing hemoglobin levels for pregnant women. Based on the results of a systematic literature review in total it can be denied that spinach and beets can effectively increase hemoglobin levels for pregnant women with a minimum duration of administration for 7 days in various types of preparations.

Preeclampsia is a medical condition which accounts for the global incidence of maternal mortality of 76,000/year and infant mortality of 500,000/year. Early preventive action is a critical dimension to reduce the risk to the mother and the fetus. Roll Over Test (ROT) is one of the predictors of preeclampsia conducted in the 2nd trimester. High hemoglobin levels in pregnant women can lead to pregnancy hypertension, which can potentially lead to preeclampsia. This study aims to analyze the effect of hemoglobin levels on the predictive value for preeclampsia of ROT (Roll Over Test) among pregnant women. The benefits of this study are to get preventive method updates to decrease the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women as early as possible and to review the policy of giving Fe to all pregnant women from the 1st trimester to the 3rd trimester. The study was conducted for three months in the work area of Siwalankerto Community Health Center, Surabaya. Data on hemoglobin levels were obtained from the MCH booklet for pregnant women. ROT's preeclampsia's predictive value was obtained by checking supine values and left lateral blood pressure among 30 pregnant women. A statistical test was performed using a logistic regression test. Based on 30 samples of pregnant women, the results showed that 16 pregnant women had hemoglobin levels of >13gr/dl (53.3%), and 14 pregnant women (46.7%) had a positive predictive value of ROT. The effect test analysis results showed a positive relationship between hemoglobin levels and the predictive value for preeclampsia (p=0.04, B=1.299). Thus, pregnant women who experienced an increase in the hemoglobin levels of 1 g/dl had a potential of 1.299 times to have a positive ROT value.

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in women of childbearing age, to be precise at the age of 15 - 45 years may occur since adolescence which continues during pregnancy and breastfeeding. This can occur as a result of low energy and nutrient reserves. The long-term impact is anemia and low birth weight. This study aims to determine the effect of giving biscuits made from pumpkin seeds on hemoglobin (Hb) and zinc status (Zn) in pregnant women who experience chronic energy deficiency in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi. The experimental research was conducted with a pre test - post test design involving pregnant women in CED. The research subjects consisted of 22 people in the intervention group and 28 in the control group who were selected purposively. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, paired two-sample t-test, Mc. Neymar test and Chi-Square test. The results of the study found that there was an increase in mean hemoglobin levels in both groups in the pre and post test, but the increase that occurred was not statistically significant in the intervention group (p> 0.05). In contrast, a significant increase in Hb levels (p <0.05) occurred in the control group (p = 0.020). Regarding zinc status (Zn), based on the results of the study, there was no change in zinc status before and after the intervention, both in the intervention group and the control group (p> 0.05). Referring to the results obtained from the study, it can be concluded that there is no effect of pumpkin seed biscuits on hemoglobin levels and zinc status of pregnant women who suffer from chronic energy deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia among patients with gynecological cancer prior to any treatment and to identify contributing factors associated with anemia in this group. We retrospectively analyzed data from female patients aged 18 and above, diagnosed with various forms of gynecological cancer at The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University between February 2016 and March 2021. Anemia was assessed based on the most recent CBC results before any cancer treatment. Eligibility was based on a definitive histopathological diagnosis. Key variables included demographic details, clinical characteristics, and blood counts, focusing on hemoglobin levels. Statistical analysis was conducted using logistic regression models, and anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels below 12 g/dL for women, according to WHO criteria. Of the 320 participants, a significant prevalence of anemia was found. Correlations between anemia and factors like age, educational level, and biological markers (iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 levels) were identified. In our study, we found that the prevalence of anemia among patients with gynecological cancer prior to any treatment was 59.06%, indicating a significant health concern within this population. The study highlights a significant prevalence of anemia in patients with gynecological cancer, emphasizing the need for regular hemoglobin screening and individualized management. These findings suggest the importance of considering various characteristics and clinical variables in anemia management among this patient group. Further studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of these factors on patient outcomes and to develop targeted interventions., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Female adolescents who have experienced menstruation are at high risk of anemia, especially iron nutritional anemia. Efforts made by the Government in overcoming anemia in adolescent girls are by providing Blood Plus Tablets, but based on data from the Ministry of Health in 2017, the percentage of Fe (iron) tablets obtained by adolescent girls is still very low, namely 13.8%, so it is not yet fulfilling. the national target is 30%, so there needs to be another strategy to overcome anemia in adolescent girls. Reproductive health exercise is one of the physical activities that can be an alternative for adolescent girls who experience anemia because it can increase hemoglobin production. This study analyzed the hemoglobin levels of adolescent girls after being given reproductive health exercises. The results showed that Kespro exercise had an effect on hemoglobin levels in adolescent girls with a p value <α (0.05) where the hemoglobin level before being given treatment in the intervention group was the average hemoglobin level of 10.1 gr/dL and the hemoglobin level after treatment. That is, the average hemoglobin level is 13 gr/dL. The hemoglobin level before being given the treatment in the control group was an average hemoglobin level of 9.8 gr/dL and the hemoglobin level after being given the treatment was an average hemoglobin level of 12.2 g/dL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Sympathetic nervous denervation may be associated with the development of anemia. We aimed to investigate the association between sympathetic nervous denervation and hemoglobin levels in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: As indices of sympathetic nervous denervation, we investigated resting norepinephrine levels, increased norepinephrine levels after tilt-up, cardiac uptake of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine, supine blood pressure, and the degree of orthostatic hypotension in 132 patients with de novo PD. Results: Older age, female sex, severe motor dysfunction, and lower body mass index were associated with decreased hemoglobin levels. After adjustment for these covariables, resting norepinephrine levels were negatively associated with hemoglobin levels. Hemoglobin levels were not associated with cardiac sympathetic denervation or orthostatic intolerance. Conclusion: Hemoglobin levels in PD seem to be closely related to noradrenergic nervous activity and nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration. In contrast to expectations, decreased hemoglobin levels were associated with increased whole-body sympathetic nervous activity in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: VO2 max is the maximum volume of oxygen that is processed by the body during intensive activities and is an indicator of the basic concepts of physical fitness. VO2 max has milliliters per minute per kilogram of body weight. Factors that determine VO2 max include heart lung function, age, aerobic muscle metabolism, body fatness, state of exercise, genetics, gender, multivitamin. Purpose: To determine the difference in VO2 max between prospective pilgrims based on age (adult and elderly), gender, hemoglobin level, and the number of leukocytes. Methods: The total sample consisted of 60, each of 30 for gender and age variables. Sampling uses a purposive sampling method with inclusion criteria, namely age 36-55 years, has a normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg / m2), physically fit, cooperative, does not consume stamina enhancing multivitamins, mild physical activity to moderate. VO2 Max is measured by the Rockport method. Result: Obtained the number of samples with VO2 max fit in the adult group of 20 people (66.7%) and VO2 max not fit 10 people (33.3%). In the elderly group sample with VO2 max fit 11 people (36.7%) and less fit 19 people (63.3%). In the male group there were 20 people (66.7%) with VO2 max fit and 10 people (33.3%) less fit. Whereas in the group of women found 11 people (36.7%) fit and 19 people (63.3%) less fit. The differences in each variable were analyzed using the Chi Square test, p = 0.02 was obtained so that it can be concluded that there were significant differences in VO2 max in the age and gender variables. The average hemoglobin level in the fit group was 14, g / dl, and the unfit group was 13.8 g / dl. Data were analyzed by t-test unpaired test, the results obtained p = 0, 008, which means there are significant differences in blood hemoglobin levels in groups with VO2 max fitter and less fit. The average number of leukocytes in the group with VO2 max fit was 7.83 thousand / µl and 7.27 thousand/µl in the less group. Data were analyzed by unpaired t test obtained p value = 0.69, which means there is no significant difference in the number of leukocytes in the fit and less fit groups. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in VO2 max between prospective pilgrims who are adults and elderly, between men and women, blood hemoglobin levels in the group with VO2 max fitter and less fit, and there is no significant difference in the number of leukocytes in the fitter and less fit groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teenager are the future generation, with the cognitive abilities of a good expected level of education will be good. The impact of nutritional status abnormal, low hemoglobin levels, and disorders psychosocial emotional behavior associated with cognitive abilities in teenager, especially in female teenager. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect between nutritional status, hemoglobin levels, and psychosocial emotional behavior with cognitive function in female teenager. This research used observational analytic method with cross sectional approach. Data were collected during February‑March 2019. Respondents in this study were students or female teenager in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling technique in this research is probability sampling type simple random sampling with a total sample of 72 female teenager respondents. The independent variables studied are nutritional status, hemoglobin levels, and psychosocial emotional behavior and dependent variable was cognitive function in female teenager. Data nutrition status collected by BMI measurements according to age, hemoglobin levels by hemocue tool, psychosocial emotional behavior was measured by PSC‑35 and cognitive function was measured by MMSE‑test. Analysis was using logistic regression. The results of research obtained that there is effect between the nutritional status of skinny, low hemoglobin levels (anemia) and suspect there are disorders psychosocial emotional behavior with a value of p < 0.05. Risk factors nutritional status of skinny, low hemoglobin levels (anemia) and suspect disorders psychosocial emotional behavior on cognitive function below normal, amounted to 81,4% and 18.6% was caused by other factors. Nutritional status, hemoglobin levels, and behavior psychosocial emotions affect the cognitive function of female teenager. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anemia has been detected on various age groups. Measurement of hemoglobin (Hb) levels is a standard for deciding anemia conditions. The measurement requires certain costs, medical professional, and is invasive. People in rural areas need an economical, easy and simple examination to identify the risk of anemia. Anthropometric measurement is expected to be an appropriate measurement model for rural communities. The objective of the study is to obtain the best anthropometric measurement predictors for detecting anemia in rural communities. This was an observational study using a cross-sectional design. The inclusion criteria of the subjects of the study were residents of Cangkringan, who were between 40 and 60 years old. The subjects were chosen using random sampling cluster technique. The sample size was 100 respondents and was taken based on cluster. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the prevalence of anemia. Analysis the difference in proportion was conducted using Mann-Whitney. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between Hb levels and anthropometric measurements by using Spearman. The results showed that only 5% of the subjects are in the status of anemia based on their Hb levels. There is a significant difference between Hb levels in the normal and obese groups based on the waist hip circumference ratios (WHR) (p = 0.002). The waist circumference has a weak correlation (r = 0.238, p = 0.017) and WR has a moderate correlation (r = 0.483, p = 0.000) with Hb levels. The results of this study are not appropriate in which central obese patients should be more at risk of anemia. This study concludes that there is a significant positive moderate correlation between anthropometry, which is the waist circumference parameters and WHR, to the Hb levels in rural communities.

Objectives: Approximately 17% of Japanese women have hemoglobin concentrations less than 12 g/dL. Therefore, anemia prevention and early intervention are crucial public health issues in Japan. This study aimed to identify the symptoms and characteristics of anemic individuals in the general adult population by comparing survey responses of individuals with anemia and without anemia visiting blood donation centers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used self-administered questionnaires. Individuals who visited two Japanese Red Cross Society blood donation centers in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan were included. Hemoglobin levels were measured at blood donation, and the levels of 13 g/dL for men and 12 g/dL for women were defined as anemia. Results: Of the 857 individuals analyzed, 530 were men and 327 were women, of whom 19 (3.6%) and 12 (3.7%) had low hemoglobin levels, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed in men, and the results showed that "lightheadedness" (odds ratio [OR]=8.4) and "depressive symptoms" (OR=3.6) were significantly associated with hemoglobin levels. None of the evaluated items were significantly associated with hemoglobin levels in women. Conclusion: Among healthy Japanese men, those who exhibit lightheadedness and depressive symptoms have an increased risk of anemia. Lightheadedness and depressive symptoms may be indicative of undiagnosed anemia in men, which necessitates greater clinical attention., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (©2024 The Japanese Association of Rural Medicine.)

Background: This study aims to monitor the use of added blood tablets in pregnant women in southern Kalimantan. Giving tablets added to blood is one of the critical efforts in the prevention and prevention of anemia. Giving blood booster tablets for pregnant women is at least 90 tablets during pregnancy. Method: The study was conducted using the quasi-experimental method with a pre-post test control group design. The investigation began with the examination of hemoglobin levels (pre-test) and administration of blood enhancing tablets in three groups -- the study sample of 120 pregnant women in 6 health centers in the Banjarmasin city area with a data collection period of 90 days. Results: The results of the study averaged 0.2 g/dl Hb level increase; 20.8% of pregnant women obey consume blood-boosting tablets; there is no correlation between determinant factors for compliance with consumption of blood booster tablets; there is the influence of monitoring card for blood booster tablets on adherence (ρ 0.001), there are differences in the 3 groups (ρ0.032), and there is an effect of monitoring cards on the consumption of blood booster tablets (0.009) and there are differences in Ministry of Health card groups with groups without card; there is a card effect on the difference in Hb levels (ρ0,019 on the Ministry of Health card and ρ0,048 on the research design card, there are differences in the impact of monitoring cards on the difference in Hb levels in the 3 groups (ρ0,028), and there are differences in Hb levels in the group the design card of the researcher with the cardless group and there were differences in the increase in HB levels in all three groups (ρ 0.013)pressure Conclusion: The blood tablet monitoring card affected the compliance of blood booster tablets and elevated hemoglobin levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We investigated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of once-monthly administration of C.E.R.A. in erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) naive predialysis patients with CKD for anemia treatment Study Design: Single arm, open label study. Methods: A total of 75 patients (mean (SD) age was 52.8 (16.4) years, 76.0% were female) were included in this study conducted between 12 August 2008 and 30 October 2009 in 9 centers across Turkey. The mean change in Hb concentration (g/dL) between baseline (week 0) and the efficacy evaluation period (EEP) was the primary efficacy parameter evaluated in three consecutive periods including a dose titration period (DTP; with initial 1.2 μg/kg dose of C.E.R.A., subcutaneously, 28 weeks), EEP (8 weeks) and a long-term safety period (16 weeks). Results: Our analysis revealed an improvement in Hb levels from baseline value of 9.4 (0.4) g/dL to time adjusted average level of 11.4 (0.7) g/dL in EEP in the per protocol (PP) population and from 9.3 (0.5) g/dL to 11.1 (1.0) g/dL in intent-to-treat (ITT) population. Mean (SD) change in Hb levels from baseline to EEP was 2.0 (0.7) g/dl in the PP population (primary endpoint) and 1.7 (1.1) g/dL in the ITT population. The percentage of patients whose Hb concentrations remained within the target range of 10.0-12.0 g/dL throughout the EEP was 43.9% (95% CI: 28.5-60.3%) in the PP population and 38.7% (95% CI: 27.6% to 50.6%) in the ITP population. A total of 206 adverse events (AE) were reported in 77.0% of patients with hypertension (20%) as the most frequent AE. Conclusion: Once-monthly subcutaneous C.E.R.A. administration is effective and safe in the treatment of anemia in pre-dialysis patients with CKD, who are not currently treated with ESAs.