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This article from Pharmacy Times provides case studies on over-the-counter (OTC) medications for winter colds. The first case involves a man with hypertension who is seeking relief from nasal congestion. The pharmacist advises against using oral phenylephrine due to its potential to increase blood pressure, and instead recommends oxymetazoline spray. The second case focuses on a woman with a productive cough and chest congestion, and the pharmacist suggests guaifenesin as an expectorant to help clear mucus. The third case involves a woman with a dry cough, headache, and fevers, and the pharmacist advises against using a combination cough and cold medicine due to her acetaminophen use. The fourth case features a man with postnasal drip and a sore throat, and the pharmacist recommends avoiding decongestants containing pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine due to his hypertension, and suggests alternative options such as diphenhydramine and fluticasone. [Extracted from the article]

Additionally, the pharmacist should let KS know that many cough and cold medication products contain acetaminophen and thus should be included in the 3000 mg total. CASE 3: Cough Management Q LF is a 39-year-old man who recently tested positive for COVID-19 and is at home with mild symptoms of cough and no fever. A Based on JM's age and when she last received her vaccines, the pharmacist should recommend JM receive both the annual influenza vaccine and the bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster during this visit.[1,2] She may receive any FDA-authorized bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, regardless of what was administered during her primary series, based on CDC recommendations.[1 ]CDC recommendations also advise annual influenza vaccination for all individuals aged 6 months and older.[2] The pharmacist should let JM know that coadministration of the COVID-19 and influenza vaccines is safe.[1] CASE 2: Fever Management Q KS is a 47-year-old woman who has tested positive for COVID-19 and is experiencing mild symptoms, including persistent fevers and a temperature of up to 101 °F for the past 12 hours. [Extracted from the article]

She should not receive the liveattenuated influenza vaccine because it iscontraindicated in immunocompromised patients.5-7 CASE 4: Adverse Reactions With InfluenzaVaccinations JR is a 59-year-old man who calls the pharmacy asking forrecommendations to manage adverse effects of theinfluenza vaccine. Patients who have not receivedtheir influenza vaccination after October can stillreceive their annual vaccine within the recommended timeframe.1 CASE 2: Infants and Influenza QUESTION TM comes into the pharmacy with her daughter and requestsinformation about annual influenza vaccination ininfants. ANSWER JR should be educated that the influenza vaccine cannotcause influenza infection and that the vaccine hereceived did not contain live virus. [Extracted from the article]

The impact of numerous diseases has been linked to differences in sex between organisms, including various neurological diseases. As neuropeptides are known to be key players in the nervous system, studying the variation of neuropeptidomic profiles between males and females in a crustacean model organism is of interest. By using high-resolution mass spectrometry with two complementary ionization sources in conjunction with quantitative chemical labeling (isotopic reductive dimethylation), differences were observed in five key neural tissues and hemolymph. Interestingly, while males and females possess numerous neuropeptide isoforms that are unique to their sex, the represented families of each sex remain largely consistent. However, some differences in familial isoforms were also observed, such as the relative numbers of neuropeptides belonging to RFamide and allatostatin A-type families. Additionally, >100 neuropeptides detected across five neural tissues and hemolymph were found to have statistically significant differences in abundance between male and female blue crab samples. Also, hundreds of putative peptide sequences were identified by de novosequencing that may be indicative of previously undiscovered neuropeptides, highlighting the power of using a multifaceted MS approach.