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Retirement is a major life transition affecting health and health behaviour, but evidence on how this transition contributes to changes in healthy food habits is scarce. We examined whether the consumption of fruit and vegetables as well as fish changes after transition into statutory retirement. The data were derived from the prospective Helsinki Health Study. At phase 1 in 2000–2002, all participants were 40- to 60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland (n 8960, response rate 67 %). Follow-up surveys were conducted in 2007, 2012 and 2017 (response rates 79–83 %). Using the four phases, we formed three nested cohorts in which the participants either continued working or moved to statutory retirement. The final analytical sample consisted of 6887 participants (14 357 observations). Frequency of fruit, vegetable and fish consumption was calculated from a twenty-two-item FFQ. Analyses of repeated measures of food consumption before and after retirement transition were conducted with a negative binomial mixed model, adjusting for age, marital status, limiting long-standing illness and household income. During the follow-up, altogether 3526 participants retired. Transition to retirement was associated with a decrease in vegetable consumption among women and, contrarily, with an increase in fruit consumption among men (P < 0·05 for interaction between time and employment status). Fish consumption did not differ by the change in employment status. Statutory retirement can have mixed effects on healthy food habits, and these can differ between food groups and sex. Healthy food habits should be promoted among employees transitioning to retirement.

This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary and Nutritional Status Assessment in Children and Adolescents in European Countries., Adolescence is recognized as a time of rapid physiological and behavioral change. In this transition, eating behavior is still being formed and remains an integral part of a person’s lifestyle throughout his or her life. This study aims to assess eating behavior and associations with food intake in European adolescents. We included 2194 adolescents (45.9% boys), aged 12.5 to 17.5 years, from the cross-sectional HELENA study, with two completed 24 h recalls and complete questionnaire data on their eating behavior (Eating Behavior and Weight Problems Inventory for Children- EWI-C). Three subscales of the EWI were evaluated; they measured Strength and motivation to eat (EWI 1), Importance and impact of eating (EWI 2), and Eating as a means of coping with emotional stress (EWI 3). Since these subscales were specially focused on eating behavior, participants were classified as either Low (≤P75) or High (>P75) on each of the subscales. Our results showed a higher consumption of different types of food, in the EWI 1 scales, linked to the hunger and interest in eating, and we observed a relationship with the consumption of energy-dense products. This result was repeated in EWI 3, the subscale linked to emotional eating, where we also found higher consumption of energy-dense products. This study suggests that special features of eating behavior are associated with food intake in adolescents., This HELENA Study was carried out with the financial support of the European Community Sixth RTD Framework Programme (Contract FOOD-CT-2005-007034).

The safety considerations of food-based solutions for vitamin D deficiency prevention, such as fortification and supplementation, are critical. On the basis of collective data from 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 20 national healthy surveys, as well as prospective cohort studies (PCSs) across the ODIN project (“Food-based solutions for optimal vitamin D nutrition and health through the life cycle”, FP7-613977), we analyzed the potential safety issues arising from vitamin D intakes and/or supplementation. These adverse consequences included high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) concentrations (>125 nmol/L), high serum calcium concentrations, and vitamin D intakes in excess of the tolerable upper intake levels (ULs). In the RCTs (n = 3353, with vitamin D doses from 5–175 µg/day), there were no reported adverse effects. The prevalence of high S-25(OH)D was 125 nmol/L were rare in the RCTs and PCSs, and no associated adverse effects were observed.

Objective: As a pilot trial under the Games of Food consortium, this study assessed the effectiveness of an educational escape game alongside a self-study method as a nutrition knowledge intervention. Furthermore, this study explored the use of an escape game as an educational tool for young adolescents. Materials and Methods: Altogether three schools participated, one from Finland and two from the UK. Baseline questionnaires assessing knowledge were administered before intervention day. Participants from each class were randomly allocated by the researchers into either the escape game condition, where participants played a nutrition education escape game with a focus on plant-based protein sources, or the self-study condition, where participants received an educational leaflet with identical content. In addition to the knowledge post-assessment, the educational escape game condition answered an enjoyment and intrinsic motivation questionnaire to evaluate the game experience. Paired t-tests were used to determine significant changes within intervention conditions and ANCOVA was used to estimate the differences in knowledge. Results: The participants were 130 children (11-14 years), divided into educational escape game (n = 68) and self-study (n = 62) conditions. Both the educational escape game (20.7 vs. 23, p < 0.001) and self-study (21.1 vs. 23.1, p = 0.002) had improved overall knowledge scores. No significant differences in gained knowledge existed between groups. Of the educational escape game participants, 60% reported the game as mostly enjoyable and 46% reported added use and value for learning. Conclusion: The educational escape game condition was comparable to the self-study method for nutrition education in adolescents. However, since the educational escape game provides an enjoyable experience that may enhance intrinsic motivation to promote learning and possible behavior change, the use of escape games for nutrition education warrant further investigation.

Obesity prevalence has been simultaneously increasing with high consumption of large food portion sizes (PS). However, there is scarce information on PS of energy-dense (ED) foods as a potential risk factor of obesity in adolescents. In the present study, we investigate the association between the PS of the most ED foods and body composition. A sample of 1889 adolescents (54.4% females) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence cross-sectional multicenter study (HELENA–CSS) study were included. Most ED foods (e.g., cheese) were selected according to higher fat and/or sugar content and low fiber and water. Linear and ordinal logistic regression models were adjusted for age, physical activity, total energy intake (TEI), and socioeconomic status (SES). Analysis was performed both in those adolescents reporting plausible energy intake according to the approach of Goldberg et al. and in the whole sample. In male plausible reporters, PS from “breakfast cereals” showed a significant and positive association with BMI (β = 0.012, 0.048). PS from “carbonated soft drinks” in males (OR = 1.001, 95% CI 1.000, 1.002) and “bread and rolls” in females (OR = 1.002, 1.004) were associated with higher probability of having obesity, while “sweet bakery products” were associated with lower probability of having obesity (OR = 0.996, 95% CI 0.991, 0.999) in females. The present study suggests association between PS of ED foods and obesity in European adolescents. Prospective studies are needed to examine the effect of prolonged exposure to large PS and obesity development.

The present paper shows that sport loads for student environment define the possibility of not only successful educational or scientific activities but also successful social activity. The papers authors see the sports social meaning in higher education institution as a function of carrying out of applied activity with correlation into the successful professional medium. The relevance of the paper is that doing sports in education institution is perceived as not only a part of ped- agogical load by the subjects of general professional cycle but also as a mean of students socialization. The subject under study is students preparedness to realize the postulates of individual sports doing. The analysis of the results of students health and healthy life-style problems study has been presented in the article. The role of physical culture and of the department of physical culture in this process has been determined. The ways of universitys educational environments resources stirring up for this problem solution have been outlined. Still in high antiquity doc- tors and philosophers believed that it couldnt be possible to be healthy without physical exercises. Many people try to fully protect themselves against physical activity. They think that the less physical activity the healthier they become. Many students try to make their physical activity less thereby breaking their health. In any ways they try to obtain health certificates in order not to attend physical cul- ture lessons and practically in all cases they get moral support of parents and what is the worst of doctors.

Univerzita Karlova Pedagogická fakulta Katedra Pedagogiky DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Znalost záva nosti a d sledk poruch p jmu potravy ák Z Knowledge of the severity and consequences of eating disorders of elementary school pupils Bc. S tlana Z bransk Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Jana Ko , Ph.D. Studijní program: N7504: U itelst pro st edn kol Studijní obor: N-PG-VZ 2020 ABSTRAKT Na Z kladn kole v Praze, kterou jsem vybrala pro diplomovou práci, u uji p edm t V cho a ke zdraví druhým rokem. V diplomové práci jsem se rozhodla zmapovat nalosti a nosti a d sledk poruch p jmu potravy k 2. stupn e jmeno an kol . Teoretick st pr ce obsahuje informace z odborné literatury, vztahující se k problematice poruch p jmu potra (dále jen PPP). V ojo m l tnostem adolescence, významu primární prevence a obsahu koln ho d l ac ho pl nu p edm tu V cho a ke zdraví na zkoumané kole. Praktick st pr ce popisuje pr b h dota n ko ho et en , jeho se astnilo celkem 172 k . Hodnot nalosti k , pokud se týká charakteristiky, ri iko ch faktor , a nosti a d sledk PPP. Hodnotí p nos preventivních aktivit v rámci programu primární prevence zkoumané kol , ch ej c ho Národní strategie primární pre ence ri iko ho cho n d t a ml de e. áci kouman kol maj po dom o a nosti a d sledc ch PPP. V ichni ci , e poruch p jmu potra mohou b t onemocn n smrtelná. Z et en pl...

Few studies have evaluated the association between dietary free sugars intake (FSI) and obesity in adolescents. We examined the relation between FSI and their contributors from the main food groups and obesity in European adolescents. We included 843 adolescents (51.6% male) from the cross-sectional HELENA study with two completed 24 h recalls and anthropometric data. Linear mixed models were applied to investigate the relation between FSI and different anthropometric indices. Odds ratios for having a high body mass index (BMI) were also estimated by multilevel ordinal regression. Total FSI was higher in males than females (102.60 g and 87.58 g, respectively, p &lt, 0.001). No effect was observed between free sugar from the main food groups and BMI. Consumers of FSI from &ldquo, cakes, pies and biscuits&rdquo, in males (odd ratio (OR) = 0.455, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.251, 0.824) and from &ldquo, breakfast cereals&rdquo, in females had a lower probability of having obesity (OR = 0.423, 95%CI 0.204, 0.878), whereas females consuming FSI from &lsquo, fruit and vegetables juices&rsquo, had a higher probability of obesity (OR= 2.733, 95% CI 1.286, 5.810). This study provides no evidence that increased FSI is associated with obesity in adolescents. Further studies are needed to assess the longitudinal exposure to FSI and their effect on obesity development.

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are worldwide major health challenges. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with a better cardiometabolic profile, but these beneficial e ects may be influenced by genetic variations, modulating the predisposition to obesity or MetS. The aim was to assess whether interaction e ects occur between an obesity genetic risk score (obesity-GRS) and the MD on adiposity and MetS in European adolescents. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the interaction e ects of an obesity-GRS and the MD on adiposity and MetS and its components. Interaction e ects between theMDon adiposity and MetS were observed in both sex groups (p < 0.05). However, those interaction e ects were only expressed in a certain number of adolescents, when a limited number of risk alleles were present. Regarding adiposity, a total of 51.1% males and 98.7% females had lower body mass index (BMI) as a result of higher MD adherence. Concerning MetS, only 9.9% of males with higher MD adherence had lower MetS scores. However, the same e ect was observed in 95.2% of females. In conclusion, obesity-related genotypes could modulate the relationship between MD adherence and adiposity and MetS in European adolescents; the interaction e ect was higher in females than in males., Iberus Talent Pre-doctoral fellowships 2018, under the European Union's H2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant 801586, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBERObn ISCIII-CB15/00043, European Union (EU) FOOD-CT-2005-007034, HELENA project, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness RYC-2010-05957 RYC-2011-09011, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)

Adolescence is a critical stage of development and has an important influence on energy balancerelated behaviours (EBRBs). When adolescents are associated with obesity it can lead to increased cardiometabolic risk. Here we assess if EBRBs adopted by adolescents included in a subsample are associated with markers of total and abdominal adiposity in a multicentre European study, Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA-CSS) and a Brazilian study, Brazilian Cardiovascular Adolescent Health (BRACAH study), and whether sleep duration influence the association between skipping breakfast, physical activity and sedentary behaviours, with total and abdominal obesity (AO). Multilevel linear regression models using fixed and random intercepts were used to analyse the association between markers of obesity and EBRBs. Skipping breakfast was the prevalent behaviour in association with obesity among European and Brazilian boys besides European girls, even after stratification by sleep time. Moreover, European boys who slept properly and skipped breakfast had an increased waist circumference (WC), while body mass index (BMI) increased in Brazilian boys. Among Brazilian boys less sleep was protective for total obesity (β = −0.93 kg/m2; 95% CI: −1.80; −0.07). European girls when they were more sedentary, showed an increase in WC, especially for those who reported they slept adequately. Skipping breakfast was associated with total and AO in adolescents independent of sleep duration., The HELENA-CSS took place with the financial support of the European Community Sixth RTD Framework Program (contract FOOD-CT-2005-007034). This study was also supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Health: Maternal, Child Health and Development Network (numberRD08/0072) and grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education (EX-2008-0641) and the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (20090635). And supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (JCI-2010-07055 and RYC-2010-05957). The authors thanked for the contribution of the HELENA Study Group. We are grateful for the financial support to the authors: Dr. Elsie C. O. Forkert was given a post-doctoral schoolarship from the Sao Paulo Research Foundation FAPESP (proc.2018/02887-6). Dr. Augusto César F. De Moraes was given a post-doctoral scholarship from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq: proc. 313772/2014-2) and the São Paulo Research Foundation FAPESP (proc. 2014/13367-2 and 2015/14319-4). Full Prof. Luis A. Moreno was given a scholarship of a visiting professor from São Paulo Research Foundation FAPESP (proc. 2015/11406-3). Dr Prof Heráclito B Carvalho is in receipt of an advanced scientist scholarship from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq: proc. 300951/2015-9).

[Aim]: Our aim is to demonstrate that a healthy diet might reduce the relation between adiposity and inflammation, whereas an unhealthy diet may increase the effect of adiposity on inflammatory biomarkers., [Methods]: In 618 adolescents (13–17 years) of the European HELENA study, data were available on body composition, a set of inflammation markers, and food intake determined by a self-administered computerized 24-h recall. A 9-point Mediterranean diet score and an antioxidant-rich diet score were used as dietary parameters and tested as moderator. Total body fat was represented by the sum of six skinfold thicknesses and central adiposity by waist circumference. A set of inflammation-related biomarkers was used as outcome: a pro/anti-inflammatory interleukins ratio, TGFβ-1, C-reactive protein, TNF-α, 3 cell adhesion molecules, and 3 types of immune cells; gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and homocysteine were used as cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers, and alanine transaminase (ALT) as liver dysfunction biomarker. Multiple linear regression analyses tested moderation by diet in the adiposity-inflammation association and were adjusted for age, sex, country, puberty, socioeconomic status., [Results]: Both the Mediterranean and antioxidant-rich diet, and overall and central adiposity, were important in the moderation. Diet was a significant protective moderator in the effect of adiposity on the pro/anti-inflammatory interleukins ratio, TGFβ-1, GGT, and ALT., [Conclusion]: In conclusion, in some cases, a diet rich in antioxidants and essential nutrients may attenuate the concentration of inflammatory biomarkers caused by adiposity, whereas a poor diet appears to contribute to the onset of early oxidative stress signs., The HELENA Study was carried out with the financial support of the European Community Sixth RTD Framework Programme (Contract FOODCT-2005-007034).

The HELENA Study Group., [Objective]: To analyse the Nutritional Knowledge Test (NKT) using Item Response Theory (ITR) analysis and to assess the construct validity of the Nutritional Knowledge Scale (NKTS) and its associations with adolescent food group consumption and nutritional biomarkers. [Design]: Cross-sectional study. [Setting]: Multicentre investigation conducted in ten European cities. [Participants]: Adolescents aged 12·5-17·5 years (n 3215) who completed over 75 % of the NKT. [Results]: Factor analysis indicated that the NKT can be analysed with a one-dimensional model. Eleven out of twenty-three items from the NKT presented adequate parameters and were selected to be included in the NKTS. Nutrition knowledge was positively associated with consumption of fruits, cereals, dairy products, pulses, meat and eggs, and fish, as well as with blood concentrations of vitamin C, β-carotene, n-3 fatty acids, holo-transcobalamin, cobalamin and folate; nutrition knowledge was negatively associated with intake of olives and avocado, alcohol and savoury snacks. [Conclusions]: The NKTS assessed nutritional knowledge adequately and it is proposed as a new tool to investigate this subject in future studies., The HELENA study took place with the financial support of the European Community Sixth RTD Framework Programme (contract FOOD-CT-2005-007034). The present study was supported by a grant from Exterior Sandwich Doctorate Program for the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) (grant number 88881.132853/2016-01).

Stress increases inflammation but whether adherence to Mediterranean diet counteracts this association and how early can these effects be observed is not well known. We tested whether (1) cortisol is associated to inflammation, (2) cortisol is associated to the adolescent Mediterranean diet score (aMDS), (3) aMDS lessens inflammation, (4) aMDS associates with cortisol levels and inflammation. Two hundred and forty-two adolescents (137 females, 12.5&ndash, 17.5 years old) provided salivary cortisol, blood and 2-day 24-h dietary recall from which aMDS was derived. Cortisol levels were associated with increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF-&alpha, B = 11.887, p = 0.001) when adjusted for age, gender, parental education and body mass index (BMI). Moreover, cortisol levels were inversely associated to adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (B = &minus, 1.023, p = 0.002). Adolescents with higher adherence to aMDS had lower levels of interleukins (IL) IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-&alpha, compared to those who did not adhere. The association between cortisol and TNF-&alpha, was no longer significant when aMDS was included in the model (B = 6.118, p = 0.139). In addition, comparing lower and higher aMDS groups, the association between cortisol and TNF-&alpha, was only observed in those with lower aMDS adherence. Our study suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet may counteract the effect of stress on inflammatory biomarkers which may contribute to decreasing the risk of future mental health.

Highlights • Adolescents who meet the physical activity recommendations have lower cardiometabolic risk. • No differences were observed between a high or low-level of sedentary behavior in physically inactive adolescents. • Cardiovascular fitness appears to be the most influential component linked to cardiometabolic health of adolescents. • An integrative classification combining physical activity and sedentary behavior shows to be an interesting tool to differentiate the behavior of movement in adolescents., Purpose This study aims to compare adolescents’ cardiometabolic risk score through an integrative classification of physical activity (PA), which involves the combination of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB). Methods A cross-sectional study derived from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study database (2006–2008) was conducted in adolescents (n = 548; boys, 47.3%; 14.7 ± 1.2 years) from 10 European cities. MVPA and SB were objectively measured using accelerometry. Adolescents were divided into 4 categories according to MVPA (meeting or not meeting the international recommendations) and the median of SB time (above or below sex- and age-specific median) as follows: High-SB & Inactive, Low-SB & Inactive, High-SB & Active, and Low-SB & Active. A clustered cardiometabolic risk score was computed using the homeostatic model assessment, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, sum 4 skinfolds, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Analyses of covariance were performed to discern differences on cardiometabolic risk scores among PA categories and each health component. Results The cardiometabolic risk score was lower in adolescents meeting the MVPA recommendation and with less time spent in SB in comparison to the high-SB & Inactive group (p < 0.05). However, no difference in cardiometabolic risk score was established between High-SB or Low-SB groups in inactive adolescents. It is important to note that CRF was the only variable that showed a significant modification (higher) when children were compared from the category of physically inactive with “active” but not from high- to low-SB. Conclusion Being physically active is the most significant and protective outcome in adolescents to reduce cardiometabolic risk. Lower SB does not exhibit a significant and extra beneficial difference.

Objective: To assess whether adolescents with high body mass index (BMI), or fat mass index (FMI), in combination with insulin resistance (assessed with the Homeostatic Model Assessment [HOMA] index), had also lower blood vitamin B-6, folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations. Methods and materials: Six hundred and fifteen adolescents from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study, with data on B-vitamins (both intakes and status), and BMI, FMI, HOMA, were selected. Intakes were assessed by two non-consecutive 24-h recalls. B-vitamins biomarkers were measured by chromatography and immunoassay. Analysis of covariance was applied to elucidate the differences in B-vitamins between combinations of groups defined according to the median of the z-scores of markers of body composition and insulin sensitivity. Results: When considering energy intakes and education of the mother in the model, in females, vitamin B-6 intakes were higher in the high BMI/high HOMA group than in the high BMI-low HOMA group. Similarly, vitamin Be intakes were higher in the high FMI/high HOMA group than in the low FMI/low HOMA group. Plasma vitamin 812 was significantly lower in males in the high FMI/high HOMA group than in the low FMI/low HOMA group, keeping also significant their trends throughout the groups, a fact that can be observed also for females (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Adolescents with combined higher adiposity and higher HOMA insulin sensitivity showed lower vitamin B-12 plasma concentrations. These differences do not seem to be explained by dietary vitamin B-12 intake.

The analysis of the questionaries allowed make an explication of a social portrait of townswomen of a large industrial city suffering from obesity and make a conclusion about the necessity to use sociological polls in private clinical centers to form rehabilitation groups of elderly women with primary obesity of the first degree according to social characteristics (welfare, education, interests) / Анализ данных анкет позволил провести экспликацию социального портрета жительниц крупного промышленного города, страдающих ожирением, и сделать заключение о необходимости использования данных социологического опроса в практике частной клиники для формирования групп реабилитации женщин пожилого возраста, страдающих ожирением I степени, по социальным признакам (достаток, образование, круг интересов)

On behalf of the HELENA study group., [Background]: Previous research has shown that diet is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation among adults. However, no study has yet been conducted to explore the association between inflammatory potential of diet and low-grade systemic inflammation among adolescents whose dietary behavior may be different from adults. [Methods and Results]: We examine the predictive ability of 24-h recall-derived dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores on inflammation among 532 European adolescents in the HELENA cross-sectional study. The DII is a literature-derived dietary index developed to predict inflammation. The DII was calculated per 1000 calories and was tested against C-reactive protein, ILs-1,2,4,10, TNF-α, ICAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), and IFN-γ. All inflammatory markers had nonnormal distributions and therefore were log transformed. Analyses were performed using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, city, BMI, smoking, and physical activity. Pro-inflammatory diet (higher DII scores) was associated with increased levels of various inflammatory markers: TNF-α, IL-1, 2, IFN-γ, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (b = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.25; 0.13, 95% CI 0.001, 0.25; 0.40, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.77; 0.53, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.01; 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.13, respectively). [Conclusion]: These results reinforce the fact that diet, as a whole, plays an important role in modifying inflammation in adolescents., This work was performed as part of the HELENA study. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the European Community sixth RTD Framework Programme (contact FOOD-CT-2005-007034). Drs. N.S. and J.R.H. were supported by the United States National Institute for Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant no. R44DK103377).

The article is about a study of the interests and predisposition of students to certain types of physical training, depending on individual physiological characteristics of the organism. In particular, research of students was conducted on a sexual factor within faculty of vocational and economic education of Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University В статье производится изучение интересов и предрасположенности студентов к определенным видам физической культуры в зависимости от индивидуальных психофизиологических особенностей организма, в частности, проведено исследование студентов по половому фактору в пределах факультета профессионально-экономического обучения Российского государственного профессионально-педагогического университета

Данная статья посвящена анализу отношения ростовской молодежи к модели здорового образа жизни. Статья основана на эмпирических данных социологического исследования, проведенного авторами. Авторы рассматривают такие факторы формирования самосохранительного поведения, как отношение к вредным привычкам, влияние молодежных субкультур. Отдельное внимание авторы уделяют социальным аспектам формирования вредных привычек у молодежи. This article is devoted to the analysis of Rostov youth’s relation to the model of healthy life-style. The article is based on the empirical data of the authors’ sociological research. Authors examine such factors of formation of self-protective behavior as relation to pernicious habits, youth subcultures’ influence. Authors pay special attention to social aspects of formation of pernicious habits among young people.

Objective: The question of whether breastfeeding has a protective effect against the development of overweight or obesity later in life remains controversial, especially during adolescence. The objective was to assess the relationship between breastfeeding and adolescents' body composition. Methods: The HELENA study is a cross-sectional study involving 3,528 adolescents from 10 European cities. The outcome measures were body weight and height, subscapular skinfolds as well as waist circumferences. Breastfeeding, smoking status, and parental socioeconomic status were assessed by self-administered questionnaires. Dietary intake was recorded using two 24-hour recall surveys. Two adjustment approaches were used: i) covariance analysis adjusted for confounding factors (propensity score adjustment) and ii) multivariate quantile regression. Results: After adjustment, no significant associations were observed between breastfeeding and body composition parameters (BMI Z-score; sum of skinfolds; waist-to-height ratio). An adjusted quantile regression analysis showed a non-significant trend for a protective effect of breastfeeding toward the highest percentiles of adiposity in boys but not in girls. This is of particular interest with respect to the superiority of the waist-to-height ratio over waist circumference and BMI for detecting cardiometabolic risk factors. Conclusion: This first European study, including a large set of factors influencing adolescents' body composition, showed a non-significant trend toward a protective effect of breastfeeding on highest percentiles of adolescent's abdominal adiposity.

В статье показаны роль семьи в формировании здорового, безопасного образа жизни ребенка и социализации его. Уникальность воздействия семьи обусловлена многообразием связей родителей и детей (эмоциональных, материально-бытовых, нравственно-правовых, психологических, коммуникативных) The article shows the role of the family in the formation of healthy and safe lifestyle of a child and its socialization. The uniqueness of the family impact is due to the diversity of relations between parents and children (emotional, material and domestic, moral and legal, psychological, communicative)

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests possible synergetic effects of multiple lifestyle behaviors on health risks like obesity and other health outcomes. A better insight in the clustering of those behaviors, could help to identify groups who are at risk in developing chronic diseases. This study examines the prevalence and clustering of physical activity, sedentary and dietary patterns among European adolescents and investigates if the identified clusters could be characterized by socio-demographic factors. METHODS: The study comprised a total of 2084 adolescents (45.6% male), from eight European cities participating in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured using self-reported questionnaires and diet quality was assessed based on dietary recall. Based on the results of those three indices, cluster analyses were performed. To identify gender differences and associations with socio-demographic variables, chi-square tests were executed. RESULTS: Five stable and meaningful clusters were found. Only 18% of the adolescents showed healthy and 21% unhealthy scores on all three included indices. Males were highly presented in the cluster with high levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and low quality diets. The clusters with low levels of MVPA and high quality diets comprised more female adolescents. Adolescents with low educated parents had diets of lower quality and spent more time in sedentary activities. In addition, the clusters with high levels of MVPA comprised more adolescents of the younger age category. CONCLUSION: In order to develop effective primary prevention strategies, it would be important to consider multiple health indices when identifying high risk groups. ispartof: BMC PUBLIC HEALTH vol:11 ispartof: location:England status: published

Background Evidence suggests possible synergetic effects of multiple lifestyle behaviors on health risks like obesity and other health outcomes. Therefore it is important to investigate associations between dietary and physical activity behavior, the two most important lifestyle behaviors influencing our energy balance and body composition. The objective of the present study is to describe the relationship between energy, nutrient and food intake and the physical activity level among a large group of European adolescents. Methods The study comprised a total of 2176 adolescents (46.2% male) from ten European cities participating in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed using validated 24-h dietary recalls and self-reported questionnaires respectively. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to compare the energy and nutrient intake and the food consumption between groups of adolescents with different physical activity levels (1st to 3rd tertile). Results In both sexes no differences were found in energy intake between the levels of physical activity. The most active males showed a higher intake of polysaccharides, protein, water and vitamin C and a lower intake of saccharides compared to less active males. Females with the highest physical activity level consumed more polysaccharides compared to their least active peers. Male and female adolescents with the highest physical activity levels, consumed more fruit and milk products and less cheese compared to the least active adolescents. The most active males showed higher intakes of vegetables and meat, fish, eggs, meat substitutes and vegetarian products compared to the least active ones. The least active males reported the highest consumption of grain products and potatoes. Within the female group, significantly lower intakes of bread and cereal products and spreads were found for those reporting to spend most time in moderate to vigorous physical activity. The consumption of foods from the remaining food groups, did not differ between the physical activity levels in both sexes. Conclusion It can be concluded that dietary habits diverge between adolescents with different self-reported physical activity levels. For some food groups a difference in intake could be found, which were reflected in differences in some nutrient intakes. It can also be concluded that physically active adolescents are not always inclined to eat healthier diets than their less active peers., The HELENA study took place with the financial support of the European Community Sixth RTD Framework Programme (Contract FOOD-CT: 2005-007034). This work was also partially supported by the European Union, in the framework of the Public Health Programme (ALPHA project, Ref: 2006120), the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (FAS), the Spanish Ministry of Education (EX-2007-1124, and EX-2008-0641), and the Spanish Ministry of Health, Maternal, Child Health and Development Network (number RD08/0072) (JPRL, LAM).

У статті розглянуто проблему самовиховання студентів як передумову фізичного розвитку, вдосконалення, зміцнення здоров’я та формування здорового способу життя. Визначено етапи психологічної та педагогічної підготовки студентської молоді, методи й прийоми роботи над собою. . The problems of students' self-education as precondition of their physical development, perfection, health-improvement and formation of healthy life-style are presented in the article. The stages of psychological and pedagogical preparation of students, methods of self-education are studied.

This thesis is focused on detection of possibilities of movement activities for children of older school age in České Budějovice (between 11 and 15 years). There are described questions of health, healthy life-style, obesity, movement and movement activities in the theoretical part. Above all, there are specified physical, mental and social specifics of this age and suitable movement activities for this group of children. In analytic part of thesis there are introduced and analysed organisations which offer movement activities and described other movement possibilities for this group of children in the town. The particular organizations are divided into civil associations, non-profit, commercial, sport academies and other unorganized possibilities of movement activities. Anyway, there it is not showed the entire overview of all organizations which are focusing on movement activity of older school age children. It is rather the survey aimed at showing possibilities for those children in České Budějovice.

The HELENA Study Group: et al., [Background]: Since stress is hypothesized to play a role in the etiology of obesity during adolescence, research on associations between adolescent stress and obesity-related parameters and behaviours is essential. Due to lack of a well-established recent stress checklist for use in European adolescents, the study investigated the reliability and validity of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ) for assessing perceived stress in European adolescents., [Methods]: The ASQ was translated into the languages of the participating cities (Ghent, Stockholm, Vienna, Zaragoza, Pecs and Athens) and was implemented within the HELENA cross-sectional study. A total of 1140 European adolescents provided a valid ASQ, comprising 10 component scales, used for internal reliability (Cronbach α) and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis or CFA). Contributions of socio-demographic (gender, age, pubertal stage, socio-economic status) characteristics to the ASQ score variances were investigated. Two-hundred adolescents also provided valid saliva samples for cortisol analysis to compare with the ASQ scores (criterion validity). Test-retest reliability was investigated using two ASQ assessments from 37 adolescents., [Results]: Cronbach α-values of the ASQ scales (0.57 to 0.88) demonstrated a moderate internal reliability of the ASQ, and intraclass correlation coefficients (0.45 to 0.84) established an insufficient test-retest reliability of the ASQ. The adolescents' gender (girls had higher stress scores than boys) and pubertal stage (those in a post-pubertal development had higher stress scores than others) significantly contributed to the variance in ASQ scores, while their age and socio-economic status did not. CFA results showed that the original scale construct fitted moderately with the data in our European adolescent population. Only in boys, four out of 10 ASQ scale scores were a significant positive predictor for baseline wake-up salivary cortisol, suggesting a rather poor criterion validity of the ASQ, especially in girls., [Conclusions]: In our European adolescent sample, the ASQ had an acceptable internal reliability and construct validity and the adolescents' gender and pubertal stage systematically contributed to the ASQ variance, but its test-retest reliability and criterion validity were rather poor. Overall, the utility of the ASQ for assessing perceived stress in adolescents across Europe is uncertain and some aspects require further examination., The HELENA Study takes place with the financial support of the European Community Sixth RTD Framework Programme (Contract FOOD-CT-2005-007034). Tineke De Vriendt is financially supported by the Research Foundation - Flanders (Grant number: 1.1.746.09.N.01).

The dissertation contains the general nature of physical and psychological changes in older adult women, a brief definition of most commonly abused addictive substances within the given target group and the factors that influence the rise of dependency on addictive substances. The typical causes for the rise of dependency in older adult women are analyzed in detail. The final part of the dissertation is dedicated to current possibilities for prevention of the rise of dependency in women in the afore-mentioned age. Herewith new forms of timely prevention are offered in the area of health services, media and free time based on influence of individual women´s attitudes.

The goal of the diploma thesis is comparison between vegetarianism and healthy lifestyle of adolescents. The theoretical part is focused on related bibliography. The vegetarianism is described from its beginning to nowadays. Also the phenomenon of healthy lifestyle and characteristics of important stage of life {--} adolescent are described. The second part is focused on the comparison itself. Comparison was performed on questionnaire placed on websites. Obtained data were statistically analysed by Statistica 7 and WEKA applications. Results from both methods proved that non-vegetarians part of population consume more alcohol and smokes more than the vegetarians part of population.