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Establishing the context: Intestinal dysbiosis is a significant concern among dog owners, and the gut health of pets is an emerging research field. In this context, the Simulator of the Canine Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SCIMETM) was recently developed and validated with in vivo data. Stating the purpose/introducing the study: The current study presents a further application of this model by using amoxicillin and clavulanic acid to induce dysbiosis, aiming to provoke changes in microbial community and metabolite production, which are well-known markers of the disease in vivo. Describing methodology: Following the induction of dysbiosis, prebiotic supplementation was tested to investigate the potential for microbiota recovery under di [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YouTube is the third most popular app in the world and continues to grow each year while it reaches over 2 billion users a month. A variety of veterinary topics are addressed on YouTube but to date there have been no studies analysing misinformation of various canine cancer topics on YouTube or social media. This study described the characteristics of 99 unique videos and used the validated DISCERN quality criteria for consumer health information and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) to characterize their usefulness. The overall median DISCERN quality score was 3 (out of 5), the median PEMAT understandability score was 72%, and 61% of videos contained little to no misinformation. 53% of videos were created by veterinarians and this subset had significantly higher PEMAT understandability and DISCERN quality scores compared with client‐created content (p =.0228 and p ≤.0001, respectively). Videos with little to no misinformation had statistically significant higher DISCERN quality scores (3 vs. 2, p =.0001). There was no statistical significance between misinformation levels and video length, PEMAT understandability, thumbs up/view, or views/mo. These data reveal similar rates of misinformation in videos on canine cancer compared to that reported for various human cancer topics. This study highlights the need for veterinarians to guide clients to more reliable and understandable information regarding their pet's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: It is a fact that a pet's health is significantly influenced by proper nutrition. Pet owners increasingly seek support for cooking human-grade fresh food for their animals, driven by their concerns about commercial food quality and the rising prevalence of diet-related diseases. This shift in pet care practices provides nutritionists with an excellent opportunity to prevent future diseases or enhance the treatment of sick pets through customized homemade diets. Despite promising clinical data, the bibliography must make more scientific evidence or guidelines available. The present study contributes to this goal by presenting favorable results on a group of dogs that experienced improved wellbeing and reduced symptoms following a homemade dietary plan. Particularly impressive outcomes have been observed in dogs with gastrointestinal and dermatological pathologies. These findings underscore the potential benefits of personalized and balanced homemade diets, paving the way for further studies to explore this area. Pet nutrition awareness has risen enormously, with an increasing interest in homemade diets aimed at controlling food composition. The literature in this field is scarce, especially regarding the homemade diet's long-term effects on pathological conditions. This prospective study encompassed 167 healthy and sick dogs subjected to a customized dietary plan based on homemade food. After an initial visit, dog owners provided questionnaires with follow-up data on their perceptions of physical sign changes or symptom modifications. A total of 104 (62%) subjects maintained the homemade diet, while 63 reverted to their previous diet. The median follow-up was 14 months. Out of 31 healthy dogs that continued the nutritional plan, 70% exhibited improvements in their coat condition and 47% a decrease in evacuation frequency. Regarding weight loss goals, 67% of dogs achieved their target. The 67 pathological dogs that completed the follow-up were primarily affected by gastrointestinal and dermatological disorders. Dogs with chronic enteropathy improved their symptoms in 95% of the cases, subjects with dermatological pathologies in 83%, and patients presenting both disorders in 100%. These clinical results are promising. Personalized and well-balanced homemade diets noticeably enhanced the overall pet's health, with an almost complete remission of symptoms in pathological dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Viral rhinotracheitis is an acute upper respiratory (URT) disease caused by feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1). Cats remain in a latent infectious condition after healing from the primary infection. Therefore, there is no viable treatment for FHV-1 infection. This disease is widely distributed worldwide and poses a threat to the health of pet cats and the protection of rare felines. To further understand the current epidemic trend of FHV-1, we isolated the virus from Yanji City for the first time, revealing the genetic evolution direction of FHV-1 by comparing the gD gene sequences between 33 positive samples and those uploaded worldwide. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of feline viral bronchitis by conducting an epidemiological investigation. Epidemiological surveys revealed that 33 of the 93 samples were positive for FHV-1, with the gD gene of these 33 samples exhibiting low variation, high homology, and no critical amino acid mutation. Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), also known as feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) virus, is one of the main causes of URT disease in cats. All cats can become hosts of FHV-1, and the spread of this disease affects the protection of rare feline animals. Nasal swabs from cats with URT disease were collected at five veterinary clinics in Yanji City from 2022 to 2024. The purpose of this study was to isolate and investigate the epidemiology of FHV-1. The gD gene of the FHV-1 strain was cloned and inserted into the pMD-18T vector and transformed into a competent Escherichia coli strain. Subsequently, the gD gene of the positive samples was sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine the genetic evolution relationship between the strains. We successfully isolated the FHV-1 strain YBYJ-1 in Yanji City for the first time. The diameter of the virus is approximately 150–160 nm. After 48 h of virus inoculation, the cells were round, isolated, and formed grape-like clusters. The gD gene of the virus was sequenced, and the length was 1125 bp, which proved the isolate was FHV-1. This study found that the genetic evolution of the FHV-1 gD gene was stable, expanding the molecular epidemiological data on FHV-1 in cats in Yanji City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaps in skills, knowledge, and experience can hinder pet owners’ ability to provide proper care and good animal welfare. This study aimed to examine how past and current experiences, reasons for acquiring rabbits, and methods of knowledge acquisition impact the lifestyle and health of pet rabbits in households. Among 306 rabbit owners surveyed, 25% had previous experience with rabbits, and 54% had owned rabbits for over 3 years. While 61% sought veterinary care upon acquiring rabbits, only 47% scheduled regular check-ups, and 38% consulted a veterinarian when health changes were noticed. Sixty-nine percent of rabbits were primarily fed hay, and just 23% were provided companionship with other rabbits. Reasons for acquiring rabbits included gifts (17%) and seeking companionship (43%). Only 18% of respondents obtained information about rabbit care from veterinarians. These factors significantly influenced owners’ assessments of rabbit lifestyle (p < 0.001), with current experience impacting health management (p < 0.01). The study shows that rabbit wellbeing is closely tied to owner education, especially regarding health monitoring and veterinary care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owning pets offers various potential health benefits; however, it can be associated with gastrointestinal illnesses due to poor food safety knowledge and practices. This study aimed to evaluate the level of food safety knowledge and practices among pet owners in Lebanon, exploring the association between their knowledge/practices and socio-demographic characteristics. The participants included 300 pet owners, representing various genders, ages, educational levels, educational backgrounds, and incomes. They completed a questionnaire of 72 food handling practices and knowledge questions related to preparation, cross-contamination, storage and hygiene. In parallel, 300 non-pet owners with comparable sociodemographic characteristics to pet owners (control group) completed the questionnaire. On average, food safety knowledge scores were 62.1 ± 14.9% and 58.7 ± 15.5% among pet and non-pet owners, respectively, and the difference was significant (p = 0.05). On the other hand, mean food safety practice scores were 41.3 ± 14.8% and 40.4 ± 15.3% among pet and non-pet owners, respectively, and the difference was not significant (p = 0.41). In the food safety knowledge part, non-pet owners who were young, high income, university graduate, and from health-related majors scored significantly (p < 0.05) higher, while among pet-owners, only participants with a university degree and from health-related majors scored significantly (p < 0.05) higher, in terms of knowledge. On the other hand, In the food safety practices part, non-pet owners who were young, high income, and university graduates scored significantly (p < 0.05) higher, while among pet-owners, only young and high-income participants scored significantly (p < 0.05) higher. These results highlight the need for ongoing educational initiatives to improve food safety practices among both pet owners in Lebanon. The study suggests that targeted educational programs should be developed, considering specific socio-demographic characteristics, to enhance overall food safety awareness and practices among the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used the nationally representative prospective study of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey cohort to examine the association of pet ownership (dog, cat, bird, fish, and others) with the risk of all-cause mortality using propensity score matching based on a wide range of factors. The study sample included 15,735 participants who completed the questionnaire on pet ownership in 2018. The HILDA survey sample was matched to the National Death Index through 2022 to assess death during the follow-up period. Statistical analysis was weighted by the inverse of the propensity score in the generalized estimating equation. During the 4-year follow-up period, 377 of 15,735 (2.4%) participants died. The odds ratios (ORs) for all-cause mortality were 0.77 (95%CI: 0.59–0.99) for dog owners compared to non-pet owners after controlling for related socio-demographic, physical, psychological, and social factors. The Sobel test showed a partial mediating effect of physical activity level on the relationship between dog ownership and all-cause mortality. Ownership of cats, birds, fish, and others showed no clear association with mortality, despite owners having similar socio-demographics characteristics to dog owners. Companionship and exercise of a pet dog may be recommended as a component of health promotion policy, and may have an important role to play in promoting health aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This research examined UK cat owners' preferences for treatments for feline osteoarthritis, including preferences for quality of life improvements, safety considerations, and costs associated with hypothetical new pain therapies. Aspects of quality of life from previous research were extracted and included in exploratory interviews with cat owners (n = 3) to identify the key domains that contribute to the quality of life of cats. Descriptions of the quality of life of cats with osteoarthritis and hypothetical product characteristics were developed and validated through interviews with veterinarians (n = 3). An online survey was subsequently shared with 255 pet owners in the UK. Pet owners were presented with quality of life descriptions and hypothetical product characteristics to gather their preferences for quality of life improvements and their willingness to pay for (unbranded) pain therapies at various levels of price. Pet owners were motivated to improve their cats' quality of life, which translated into a willingness to pay for therapies; specifically, pet owners valued quality of life improvements in mobility, pain expression, and well-being. When presented with a product profile of the hypothetical new injection treatment and its cost, 50% of cat owners were willing to pay more for the new injection treatment, which is expected to have improved efficacy and safety when compared to a hypothetical standard treatment. Significantly more pet owners also preferred the new injection treatment to the standard treatment when the price was not presented (p < 0.01), with product efficacy and safety driving pet owners' decision-making. The majority of pet owners did not agree that taking their cats to the veterinarian once a month for treatment would be burdensome. Cat owners in the UK are motivated to improve their cats' quality of life, which translates into a willingness to pay for effective treatment of pain associated with osteoarthritis. Veterinarians should offer cat owners the pain treatment they feel is best suited for improving the cats' quality of life and ensuring the relationship between cat and owner is preserved. This research aimed to explore UK cat owners' preferences for treatments for feline osteoarthritis (OA) by exploring preferences around quality of life (QoL) improvements, safety considerations, and costs associated with hypothetical innovative pain therapies. Aspects identified in an existing conceptual framework were extracted for inclusion in exploratory interviews with cat owners (n = 3) to identify key domains that contribute to the QoL of cats. QoL descriptions for cats with OA and hypothetical product attributes were developed and validated through interviews with veterinarians (n = 3). An online survey was subsequently shared with 255 pet owners in the UK. Pet owners were presented with QoL descriptions and hypothetical product attributes to gather their preferences for QoL improvements and their willingness to pay (WTP) for (unbranded) pain therapies at various price points. Pet owners were motivated to improve their cats' QoL, which translated into WTP for therapies; specifically, pet owners valued QoL improvements in mobility, pain expression, and well-being. When presented with a product profile of the hypothetical novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) and cost, 50% of cat owners were willing to pay more for a mAb that is expected to have improved efficacy and safety when compared to a hypothetical standard of care (SoC). Significantly more pet owners preferred the mAb than the SoC when price was not presented (p < 0.01), with product efficacy and safety driving pet owners' decision-making. The majority of pet owners did not agree that taking their cats to the veterinarian once a month for their treatment would be burdensome. Cat owners in the UK are motivated to improve their cats' QoL, which translates into WTP for the efficacious treatment of pain associated with osteoarthritis. Veterinarians should offer cat owners the pain treatment they feel is best suited for improving the cat's QoL and to ensure subsequent owner-pet bond is preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To estimate the prevalence of carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacterales (CPE) carriage among pets using faecal specimens submitted to veterinary diagnostic laboratories throughout the US. A secondary aim was to employ whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize isolates of CPE from companion animals and compare them to publicly available CPE genomes. Methods and Results: To estimate the prevalence of CPE in companion animals in the USA, a multicenter surveillance study including 8 different veterinary diagnostic laboratories from across the USA was conducted. Briefly, remnant faecal specimens from dogs and cats were screened using two selective agar plates (CHROMID Carba and MacConkey with 1 mg/L cefotaxime and 0.125 mg/L meropenem) and presumptive CPE isolates screened by the modified carbapenemase inactivation method for carbapenemase production. A total of 2393 specimens were screened and yielded 196 isolates for carbapenemase screening. A total of 5 isolates from 4 dogs and 1 cat at 3 different veterinary diagnostic laboratories were confirmed to produce a carbapenemase (0.21%). Whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) revealed two E. coli (ST167) isolates that both produced an NDM‐5 carbapenemase, two Enterobacter hormaechei (ST171) isolates that produced an NDM‐5 carbapenemase and a KPC‐4 carbapenemase respectively and one Klebsiella oxytoca (ST199) that produced an Oxa‐48‐type carbapenemase. Both E. coli isolates were found to be within at least 22 SNPs of previously characterized canine and human CPE isolates. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the prevalence of CPE among companion animals is relatively low (0.21%) but that given the genetic relatedness of animal isolates to human isolates, additional surveillance is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern dog and cat owners increasingly use internet resources to obtain information on pet health issues. While access to online information can improve owners' knowledge of patient care and inform conversations with their veterinarian during consultations, there is also a risk that owners will misinterpret online information or gain a false impression of current standards in veterinary medicine. This in turn can cause problems or tensions, for example if the owner delays consulting their veterinarian about necessary treatment, or questions the veterinarian's medical advice. Based on an online questionnaire aimed at dog and cat owners in Austria, Denmark and the United Kingdom (N = 2117) we investigated the use of internet resources to find veterinary medical information, the type of internet resources that were used, and whether owner beliefs explain how often they used the internet to find medical information about their pet. Approximately one in three owners reported that they never used internet resources prior to (31.7%) or after (37.0%) a consultation with their veterinarian. However, when owners do make use of the internet, our results show that they were more likely to use it before than after the consultation. The most common internet resources used by owners were practice websites (35.0%), veterinary association websites (24.0%), or 'other' websites providing veterinary information (55.2%). Owners who believe that the use of internet resources enables them to have a more informed discussion with their veterinarians more often use internet resources prior to a consultation, whereas owners who believed that internet resources help them to make the right decision for their animal more often use internet resources after a consultation. The results suggest that veterinarians should actively ask pet owners if they use internet resources, and what resources they use, in order to facilitate open discussion about information obtained from the internet. Given that more than a third of pet owners use practice websites, the findings also suggest that veterinarians should actively curate their own websites where they can post information that they consider accurate and trustworthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Chewy, Inc. is a direct-to-consumer seller of pet food and supplies. Their approach involves a deep understanding of pet owners' needs and behaviors to provide personalized product recommendations and exceptional customer service. This case study aims to describe Chewy's growth strategies and how the company can remain a market leader. Design/methodology/approach: Using the customer value assessment tool, the authors examine Chewy's value proposition, including service, quality, image and price strategies. Findings: Chewy has built a loyal customer base that values the company's commitment to their pets' health and well-being. Future opportunities include focusing on pet wellness products and services, collaborating with veterinary providers in telemedicine and international expansion. Research limitations/implications: This work is largely conceptual and presents a descriptive case study which reviews Chewy's marketing strategy based on industry research as well as a customer value assessment via the service-quality-image-price framework. Practical implications: Corporate leaders must adapt to market change and create business strategies to deliver superior value for customers. This requires innovative products, services and processes. The strategic insights are applicable to retailers, service and technology firms and entrepreneurial companies seeking to scale their businesses. Originality/value: Chewy's highly competitive market includes Amazon, e-commerce pet supply companies and big-box pet stores. But it has dominated the online sector and has substantial growth prospects. This paper concludes with recommendations for management and questions for consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The age at which the neutering of dogs should be performed is widely debated, with criteria such as the stage of seasons (eg, before or after); breed and adult size; and behavioural aspects all influencing decision making. These criteria need to be taken into consideration alongside the environment in which the animal lives and any other animals around the individual in question; for example, an individual dog kept within a household will have different neutering criteria than a non‐owned, free‐roaming dog. Neutering recommendations need to move away from a blanket approach for all dogs to a more contextualised, patient‐centric approach, incorporating the animal and owner's narrative. In the majority of veterinary practices, registered veterinary nurses and student veterinary nurses are often delegated the task of discussing neutering with pet owners, and to perform the surgical admission for the procedure. This article looks at the elements of neutering that veterinary surgeons delegating these tasks must be aware of (noting that they still hold responsibility of the task under the Veterinary Surgeon's Act 1966). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the role of the gut microbiome in the health of cats and dogs. It discusses how the gut microbiome, which is a community of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, can be influenced by factors like diet and how it can impact physiological responses and serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for disease management. The article also examines the influence of the gut microbiome on gastrointestinal and behavioral health in pets and potential treatment options like probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation. It emphasizes the need for further research to fully understand the relationship between the gut microbiome and health outcomes in pets. Additionally, the document includes a table that provides an overview of the role of the gut microbiome on canine and feline health, organized by species and including information on diseases, implicated microbes, potential therapies, and outcomes. The authors are researchers in the field of animal sciences and nutritional sciences, and the document was invited for submission by the American Society of Animal Science. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Whether it entails the loss of a beloved family member or a valuable work animal, the sudden, unexpected death of an animal can be a daunting and traumatic experience for both owners and veterinary practitioners. Veterinary practitioners are often the first point of contact for people grieving the loss of a companion animal, and may be called upon to provide support and reassurance, even though many have not received formal training in grief and bereavement management. Aim of the article: This article aims to provide tools to guide the approach to these situations, in the form of insight into common causes of sudden death and tips on how a practitioner should collect information, manage owner expectations and provide valuable context that can facilitate the pathologist's interpretation of findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ectoparasites of dogs and cats are implicated to be responsible for life‐threatening anaemia, allergic dermatitis and pruritic and non‐pruritic skin disorders. In Ethiopia, few studies have been conducted on the arthropods of dogs and cats. Objectives: In order to shed light on some of these aspects, a survey was conducted to investigate the presence of ectoparasites in dogs and cats living in sympatry in the urban and rural areas of Gamo Zone, Ethiopia. Methods: A total of 297 dogs and 110 cats were examined for ectoparasites, and questionnaires were employed to obtain information concerning owner's knowledge about arthropods and vector‐borne diseases (VBDs). Results: The overall prevalence of ticks, fleas and lice in dogs was 36.7%, 69.7% and 4.7%, respectively. Similarly, on cats, an overall prevalence of 2.7% ticks and 21.8% fleas was recorded. On dogs, fleas (Ctenocephalides felis 69.4%, Echidnophaga gallinacea 1.3%, Ctenocephalides canis 1.0% and Pulex irritans 0.3%), ticks (Amblyomma variegatum 22.9%, Rhipicephalus sanguineus 14.1%, Haemaphysalis leachi 8.8%, Rhipicephalus praetextatus 4.0% and Rhipicephalus pulchellus 3.4%) and lice (Heterodoxus spiniger 4.0% and Trichodectes canis 0.7%) were identified. Likewise, on cats, fleas (C. felis [15.5%] and E. gallinacea [7.3%]) and ticks (H. leachi [2.7%]) were identified. The abundance of C. felis was significantly higher (p < 0.001) on dogs, whereas in cats, the abundance of E. gallinacea was significantly higher (p = 0.002) than the other ectoparasites. On dogs, a significantly higher prevalence of Rh. sanguineus was recorded in urban areas (<0.001) and on dogs which live in indoor environments (p = 0.003) than on dogs which live in other environments. On the other hand, the prevalence of A. variegatum in rural areas and midland agroecology was significantly higher (p < 0.001). The prevalence of H. leachi was significantly higher in midland (p < 0.001) and on adult dogs (p = 0.001). Overall, fleas were more prevalent in rural (p = 0.029) than in urban areas, and female dogs were with higher infestation than the male (p = 0.047) dogs; C. felis was prevalent in female (p = 0.038) dogs than males. Overall, 88.3% owners in the study area had no knowledge about ectoparasites and VBDs of dogs and cats. Majority of the owners (64.8%) attest that they had never visited veterinary clinics. Conclusions: In conclusion, the data presented in the present study provide additional knowledge on the importance of ectoparasites of dogs and cats and are believed to contribute in awareness creation and strengthening of veterinary services of dogs and cats of the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Examine US consumer pet‐related and veterinary service expenditures and factors influencing US households' use of veterinary services. Methods: Descriptive analysis on pet‐related and veterinary service expenditures and regression analysis on pet owners' use of veterinary services, using data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Expenditure from 2006 to 2018, with the sample size of 257,836 households, of which 73,593 had pet expenses. Results: From 1980 to 2018, the proportion of households with pet‐related and veterinary service expenditures increased. Since 2010, the percentage of pet‐owning households using veterinary services has increased substantially. Household characteristics were examined and significantly affected the probability of both pet and veterinary expenditures. Non‐White and Hispanic groups had increased pet ownership, but the likelihood of veterinary service use has not surpassed White and non‐Hispanic pet owners. Conclusions: Understanding the effects of household sociodemographics, particularly race and ethnicity, on using veterinary services provides insights for optimizing strategic planning for the pet industry and veterinarians. Reviewing the implications helps adjust and fine‐tune strategies and influence the sustainability of the veterinary service sector by attracting different racial and ethnic groups. Future research might focus on other social and cultural factors influencing the utilization of veterinary care. The veterinary service sector can then effectively address pet care disparities, bridge existing gaps and improve economic viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As obligate parasites, viruses have evolved multiple strategies to evade the host immune defense. Manipulation of the host proteasome system to degrade specific detrimental factors is a common viral countermeasure. To identify host proteins targeted for proteasomal degradation by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), we conducted a quantitative proteomics screen of PRRSV-infected Marc-145 cells under the treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG132. The data revealed that the expression levels of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) were strongly downregulated by PRRSV and significantly rescued by MG132. Further investigation confirmed that PRRSV infection induced the translocation of PDCD4 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and the viral nonstructural protein 9 (Nsp9) promoted PDCD4 proteasomal degradation in the cytoplasm by activating the Akt-mTOR-S6K1 pathway. The C-terminal domain of Nsp9 was responsible for PDCD4 degradation. As for the role of PDCD4 during PRRSV infection, we demonstrated that PDCD4 knockdown favored viral replication, while its overexpression significantly attenuated replication, suggesting that PDCD4 acts as a restriction factor for PRRSV. Mechanistically, we discovered eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) was required for PRRSV. PDCD4 interacted with eIF4A through four sites (E249, D253, D414, and D418) within its two MA3 domains, disrupting eIF4A-mediated translation initiation in the 5-untranslated region of PRRSV, thereby inhibiting PRRSV infection. Together, our study reveals the antiviral function of PDCD4 and the viral strategy to antagonize PDCD4. These results will contribute to our understanding of the immune evasion strategies employed by PRRSV and offer valuable insights for developing new antiviral targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anyone who works in the health and welfare sphere is aware of death, but it's not a topic that many people want to think about or find easy to work with. In relation to pets, the role that those in the veterinary world play in this ending brings many added pressures, from emotion and stress, to client reactions and moral injury, to name just a few. This article aims to address many of the areas that result from loss, and reiterates the importance of being mindful that empathy, compassion and communication relating to loss will vary from person to person and can improve or decline over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identified the most common poisonous and allergenic plants occurring in Sicilian gardens and parks. Based on a survey conducted at 100 sites, a list was drawn up that reports the main biological and toxicological characteristics and ornamental uses of these plants. A total of 137 taxa were recorded, of which 108 were poisonous and 32 were allergenic. The most represented families were the Solanaceae, Moraceae, Apocynaceae and Fabaceae. The most represented geographical contingents were the European and the Mediterranean. A large number of toxic and allergenic plants recorded in Sicilian parks and gardens cause gastrointestinal disorders, 21 of which are deadly poisonous. Based on the results, actions for the management of existing gardens and the construction of new ones are discussed. The importance of environmental education for the population starting from school age is stressed. These recommendations aim to preserve cultivated biodiversity and, at the same time, protect human and pet health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The human-animal bond has been recognized as having positive effects on the health and well-being of both humans and pets. The present study aims to explore the influence of attachment on physical activity (PA), lifestyle, and health outcomes of dog owners (DO), highlighting the mutual benefits resulting from the relationship between DO and dogs. Methods: Thirty-eight DO and their dogs participated in this study. Socio-demographic data, the Self-Rated Health (SRH), FANTASTICO Lifestyle Scale, and the Lexington Attachment Pet Scale (LAPS) were assessed. PA was measured in both the DO and the dogs, using an ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer in the context of daily routine. Descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation analyses were performed to examine the associations between LAPS, PA levels, socio-demographic variables, lifestyle behaviors, and SRH. Results: Significant correlations were found between the dog owners' light-level PA and the pets' vigorous level of PA (rho = 0.445, p = 0.01). Furthermore, the importance of the pets' health (rho = -0.785, p = 0.02) and the LAPS subscales, namely proximity (rho = 0.358, p = 0.03), and attachment (rho = 0.392, p = 0.01), were related to taking the pet for a walk. Regarding lifestyle, DO with a healthier lifestyle had a better self-assessment of their health using the SRH (rho = 0.39, p = 0.02). Moreover, DO with better lifestyles also exhibited greater concern for their pet's health (rho = 0.398, p = 0.01). Conclusions: This study emphasizes that individuals who adopt healthier habits tend to perceive themselves as healthier and exhibit greater concern for their pets' health. The attachment between DO and dogs is important in promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors and engagement in PA. Our results highlight that the presence of a dog is associated with a higher level of PA in DO, depending on the strength of the human-animal bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hookworm infections remain a significant public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions, including Thailand. This study investigated the species and genetic diversity of hookworm infections in domestic dogs from northeastern Thailand. The molecular analysis focused on amplifying and sequencing specific regions of ribosomal RNA genes (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene in hookworm larvae recovered from 21 domestic dog stool samples. Among 21 larvae (one larva per infected dog) analyzed, 14 had sequences identical to Ancylostoma caninum, and 7 showed sequences almost identical to Ancylostoma ceylanicum. Phylogenetic analysis of cox1 sequences placed A. caninum and A. ceylanicum in separate clades. The median-joining network of A. caninum cox1 sequences from Thailand showed high haplotype diversity and belonged to the same cluster as sequences from Australia while forming separate clusters from those of A. caninum samples from the USA. The available published A. ceylanicum cox1 sequences (n = 33), in combination with seven sequences in the present study, represented 15 haplotypes distributed among three clusters. Interestingly, A. ceylanicum sequences from dogs and humans shared the same haplotypes. These findings are crucial for recognizing the potential for zoonotic transmission, highlighting the necessity for targeted control measures, and increasing awareness among pet owners and healthcare professionals to mitigate the risk of hookworm transmission to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the impact of postbiotics on the pet health. Twelve Beagle dogs were selected, and following the principles of consistent weight and gender, they were randomly divided into two groups (Group A and Group B), each replicate consisting of six dogs, with one dog in each replicate. A crossover trial design was employed to compare the differences in serum biochemical indexes and fecal microbiota between adult healthy Beagle dogs during the consumption of a diet supplemented with 200 g/d postbiotics and a control diet. The results showed that the average fecal score for Beagle dogs consuming the base diet was 2.97, while for those consuming the diet supplemented with postbiotics, the average fecal score was 2.54. Compared to the base diet, Beagle dogs consuming the postbiotic-supplemented diet exhibited a 51.16% decrease in serum triglyceride levels (P<0.05), a 29.92% decrease in cholesterol levels (P<0.05), and an 11.43% decrease in the serum uric acid levels (P<0.05). In comparison to the base diet, dogs fed the postbiotic-supplemented diet showed a 7.85%, 23.97%, and 29.54% decrease in the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) levels, respectively (P<0.05). The supplementation of postbiotics increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bacillus in the feces, while reducing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria like Fusobacterium and Anaerobiospirillum. The study suggests that supplementing postbiotics in the diet can improve the intestinal health of dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactobacilli have played an important role in the gut health of pets. The aim of this research was to study the effects of isolated Lactobacilli (named L11) on the immune, nutrient metabolism, and gut health of cats. Twelve healthy adult cats were randomly assigned into two groups, the control group (CONTROL, n = 6, without any probiotics product) and the treatment group (probiotics, n = 6, L11 109 CFU/kg feed), while using the same dry diet. On day 28, blood and fecal samples were collected, and the blood biochemical indices, fecal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), immunological parameters, and odorous substances were separately tested. The triglyceride of the blood was decreased after using L11 (p < 0.05), which could probably alleviate the occurrence of cat obesity to some extent. The sIgA of the feces was increased by 30.1% (p < 0.05), which could enhance the cat's immunity. The abundance of Bifidobacteria was increased after using L11 (p < 0.05), and the indole and 3-methylindole of the feces were both reduced compared with the control group; 3-methylindole was especially reduced by 67.3% (p < 0.05), which showed that L11 could also improve the intestinal state of cats. Therefore, this research shows that L11 could be a good choice to improve the gut health and immune functions of cats, and it is probably related to the lipid mechanism of cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite responsible for causing neosporosis in a range of animal species. It results in substantial economic losses in the livestock industry and poses significant health risks to companion and wild animals. Central to its survival and pathogenicity is the process of cell division, which remains poorly understood in this parasite. In this study, we explored the cell division of Neospora caninum using a combination of modern and classic imaging tools, emphasizing its pivotal role in perpetuating the parasite's life cycle and contributing to its ability to persist within host organisms. We described the intricacies of endodyogeny in Neospora caninum, detailing the dynamics of the cell assembly and the nuclear division by ultrastructure expansion microscopy and regular confocal microscopy. Furthermore, we explored the centrosome dynamics, the centrioles and the apicoplast through the advancement of the cell cycle. Our analysis described with unprecedented detail, the endodyogeny in this parasite. By advancing our understanding of these molecular mechanisms, we aimed to inspire innovative strategies for disease management and control, with the ultimate goal of mitigating the devastating impact of neosporosis on animal health and welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of encapsulated cells for the in vivo delivery of biotherapeutics is a promising new technology to potentiate the effectiveness of cell-based therapies for veterinary and human application. One use of the technology is to locally activate chemotherapeutics to their short-lived highly active forms. We have previously shown that a stable clone of HEK293 cells overexpressing a cytochrome P450 enzyme that has been encapsulated in immunoprotective cellulose sulphate beads can be implanted near solid tumours in order to activate oxazaphosphorines such as ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide to the tumour-killing metabolite phosphoramide mustard. The efficacy of this approach has been shown in animal models as well as in human and canine clinical trials. In these previous studies, the oxazaphosphorine was only given twice. An analysis of the Kaplan–Meier plots of the results of the clinical trials suggest that repeated dosing might result in a significant clinical benefit. Aims: In this study, we aimed to (i) demonstrate the stable long-term expression of cytochrome P450 from a characterized, transfected cell clone, as well as (ii) demonstrate that one implanted dose of these encapsulated cytochrome P450-expressing cells is capable of activating multiple doses of ifosfamide in animal models. Methodology: We initially used cell and molecular methods to show cell line stability over multiple passages, as well as chemical and biological function in vitro. This was followed by a demonstration that encapsulated HEK293 cells are capable of activating multiple doses of ifosfamide in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer without being killed by the chemotherapeutic. Conclusion: A single injection of encapsulated HEK293 cells followed by multiple rounds of ifosfamide administration results in repeated anti-tumour activity and halts tumour growth but, in the absence of a functioning immune system, does not cause tumour regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In addition to veterinary advice, pet owners rely on the internet for information on their pet's health. Effectively managing a pet's weight is often an underestimated component of wellness for pets, and there is an opportunity for veterinary practices to utilize an online platform to educate pet owners on the importance of weight management. The primary objective of this study was to describe the type of canine and feline weight management services, products, and information advertised or displayed on the websites of 50 veterinary practices in Ontario. An additional objective was to explore whether the size, company status, and location of the practice influences what is advertised or displayed. The preliminary results suggested that veterinary practices do not prioritize advertising weight management services, products, or educational material online for the public, and this was especially true for smaller practices with fewer veterinarians and veterinary technicians employed. Independently owned veterinary practices also seemed to advertise weight management products less than corporate practices. The exploratory findings of this study highlight the need for veterinary teams to provide educational and up-to-date online resources on weight management for pet owners. This, in turn, can provide trusted educational and accessible information for pet owners and contribute to client loyalty. Pet owners rely on information and advice from their veterinary practice to effectively manage their pet's weight. This study investigated weight management information and services displayed on practice websites in Ontario, Canada. Information collected from the websites of 50 randomly selected small and mixed-animal practices included practice and staff demographics and the type of weight management services, products, and information advertised or displayed. The most frequently advertised weight management service and product were nutritional counselling (34%) and therapeutic diets (25%), respectively. Current bodyweight measurement was advertised on just over half of the websites (54%), while physical therapy counselling was the least-advertised service (16%). Further statistical analyses were performed in an exploratory fashion to determine areas for future research. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between practice demographics and the type of weight management information advertised online. A maximum of two predictor variables were included in each regression model. Exploratory analyses indicated that when controlling for the number of veterinarians in each practice, having a higher number of veterinary technicians was associated with increased odds of a practice website advertising current bodyweight measurement by 80.1% (odds ratio (OR) = 1.80, p = 0.05). Additionally, when controlling the number of veterinary technicians, having a higher number of veterinarians was associated with increased odds of a practice website advertising sales of therapeutic diets by 119.0% (OR = 2.19, p = 0.04). When using corporate practices as reference, independently owned practices had decreased odds of advertising sales of treats and weight management accessories on their practice websites by 78.7% (OR = 0.21, p = 0.03). These preliminary results suggest that advertising weight management information is not prioritized on veterinary practice websites in Ontario, especially those with lower staff numbers. The findings of this study raise awareness on the current state of weight management promotion for pets on veterinary practice websites and highlight ways to improve upon a practice's online presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into health care has seen remarkable advancements, with applications extending to animal health. This article explores the potential benefits and challenges associated with employing AI chatbots as tools for pet health care. Focusing on ChatGPT, a prominent language model, the authors elucidate its capabilities and its potential impact on pet owners' decision‐making processes. AI chatbots offer pet owners access to extensive information on animal health, research studies and diagnostic options, providing a cost‐effective and convenient alternative to traditional veterinary consultations. The fate of a case involving a Border Collie named Sassy demonstrates the potential benefits of AI in veterinary medicine. In this instance, ChatGPT played a pivotal role in suggesting a diagnosis that led to successful treatment, showcasing the potential of AI chatbots as valuable tools in complex cases. However, concerns arise regarding pet owners relying solely on AI chatbots for medical advice, potentially resulting in misdiagnosis, inappropriate treatment and delayed professional intervention. We emphasize the need for a balanced approach, positioning AI chatbots as supplementary tools rather than substitutes for licensed veterinarians. To mitigate risks, the article proposes strategies such as educating pet owners on AI chatbots' limitations, implementing regulations to guide AI chatbot companies and fostering collaboration between AI chatbots and veterinarians. The intricate web of responsibilities in this dynamic landscape underscores the importance of government regulations, the educational role of AI chatbots and the symbiotic relationship between AI technology and veterinary expertise. In conclusion, while AI chatbots hold immense promise in transforming pet health care, cautious and informed usage is crucial. By promoting awareness, establishing regulations and fostering collaboration, the article advocates for a responsible integration of AI chatbots to ensure optimal care for pets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Creating Connections: Outreach Across UCD Veterinary Community" discusses the various ways in which the UCD School of Veterinary Medicine engages with stakeholders. The school uses platforms such as newsletters and its website to disseminate information and updates to alumni and the wider community. The article also highlights the school's efforts to connect with researchers and veterinary professionals outside of UCD, as well as its involvement in events like the UCD Festival and annual Carol Service. Alumni engagement is also emphasized, with opportunities for mentoring and participation in the Young Alumni Ambassadors Group. The article concludes by encouraging readers to stay connected with the UCD School of Veterinary Medicine. [Extracted from the article]

Bartonella species are vector-borne infectious pathogens with a severe impact on animal and human health. This comprehensive systematic review aimed to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the global impact of this pathogen on pet health. A literature search was performed on electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) to find relevant peer-reviewed published papers (n = 131). A random-effects model was employed to calculate pooled prevalence estimates, and Q-statistic and I2 index were used to assess the heterogeneity. Based on 20.133 cats and 9.824 dogs, the global prevalence estimates were 15.3% and 3.6%. The heterogeneity was significantly high in both species, with I2 = 95.8%, p-value <0.0001, and I2 = 87.7%, p-value <0.0001 in cats and dogs, respectively. The meta-analysis conducted using location coordinates showed a consistently high prevalence in regions located between latitudes −40 to −30 or latitudes 30–40 in both populations, in agreement with the pure spatial analysis results, which computed significantly high relative risk areas within these region coordinates. When analyzing cat data for other subgroup moderators, Bartonella spp. prevalence was higher in animals of young age (<1 year, p-value = 0.001), with a free roaming lifestyle (p-value <0.0001) and/or having ectoparasite infestation (p-value = 0.004). Globally, among the Bartonella species detected in cats, Bartonella henselae was the most frequent (13.05%), followed by Bartonella clarridgeiae (1.7%) and Bartonella koehlerae (0.11%). When considering Bartonella henselae genotype distribution, high heterogeneity (p < 0.0001) was observed based on geographical subgroups. Dogs displayed infection by Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (1.1%), B. henselae (1%), Candidatus B. merieuxii (0.9%) and B. rochalimae (0.38%). The present study provides a global picture of the epidemiological distribution of Bartonella spp. in cat and dog populations that may be pivotal for implementing proper preventive and control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: When multiple urban free-roaming cats are being cared for by an owner or a cat caregiver, it often results in public complaints due to concerns about nuisance behaviors, their effect on wildlife, and human and pet health. The typical response from the authorities is to implement a cat management strategy based on trap–adopt or kill. Because the cats are often timid or shy, many are euthanized. This strategy is detrimental to the well-being of the people who care for urban cats, and is not effective at reducing the free-roaming cat population. This qualitative study aimed to explore the impacts of a free sterilization, microchipping, and vaccination program on the people who care for multiple urban free-roaming cats. Several main themes arose during the interviews. The results demonstrate the strong bond the participants had with the cats they cared for, and the positive impact the free sterilization program had on the cat carers' well-being and quality of life. It is recommended that this care-centered approach be used instead of current lethal cat management strategies, to improve the well-being of people and cats, reduce the free-roaming cat population, and minimize public complaints and cat impoundments. Urban free-roaming cats create concern about their impacts on wildlife and human health, leading to the use of trap–adopt–kill methods to manage these populations. This method is ineffective at decreasing the free-roaming cat population and has a negative impact on cat caregivers' well-being. Using semi-structured interviews, this study explored the relationship that semi-owners (people who feed cats but do not perceive ownership) and owners of multiple cats have with the cats they care for, and the social and psychological impacts of an alternative assistive-centered approach to urban cat management. This approach to semi-owned and owned cats provided free sterilization and preventative healthcare. Our findings demonstrate that the caregivers had a strong emotional bond with the cats they cared for. The caregivers also experienced a positive impact on their quality of life, and indicated an improvement in the cats' welfare after having the cats sterilized through this program. Additionally, the cat caregivers indicated that they had a negative view of agencies, such as the municipal council. It is recommended that an assistive-centered approach to urban cat management be prioritized by local councils and welfare agencies to improve caregivers' quality of life and psychological well-being, whilst also improving cat welfare. The implementation of this assistive-centered management approach could improve the relationship between communities and the agencies involved, leading to the continuous reporting of free-roaming cats for sterilization. This assistive-centered approach has the potential to reduce the free-roaming cat population, their effects on wildlife, nuisance complaints, and council impoundments, and is aligned with the One Welfare philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the spread of pathogens, with a focus on parasites, between different areas, environments, and animal species. It uses the COVID-19 pandemic as an example and highlights the impact of parasites on the health of pet animals, wildlife, and humans. The article also mentions the popularity of pet ownership worldwide and the concern over zoonotic diseases. It introduces a Special Issue in the journal "Pathogens" that includes various research articles on the prevalence and impact of parasites in different animal species. These articles provide insights into the presence, diversity, and transmission of parasites in animals such as hares, tamanduas, muskrats, dogs, wild carnivores, and birds of prey. The articles emphasize the need for further research and monitoring to prevent and control the spread of these parasites. [Extracted from the article]

Simple Summary: Senior pets can suffer from a wide range of age-related diseases that cause distress to the pet and their owner. Diet is one of the easiest ways for improving pet health that can be accessed by pet owners. Fibre is one of the most important ingredients for maintaining gut health. This study aimed to understand whether a novel blend of prebiotic fibres added to a nutritionally complete commercial diet could improve the health of senior dogs. Results show that the prebiotic-blend could improve the gut health of senior dogs as measured by improved faecal quality and beneficial changes to the microbiome. The developed prebiotic fibre blend could have a range of future dietary applications. Senior pets can suffer from a wide range of age-related diseases that can impact the quality of life for the pet and the relationship between a pet and their owner. Dietary fibre plays a key role in shaping the gastrointestinal health in mammalian species. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a novel prebiotic fibre blend containing sugar beet pulp, galacto-oligosaccharides, and cellulose on the health of senior dogs when fed on top of a background commercial dry diet. Thirty-two dogs aged >8 years received the prebiotic fibre blend as a dietary topper for 21 days on top of a nutritionally complete diet using a cross-over study design. The prebiotic fibre blend improved the gastrointestinal health of senior dogs as measured through improved faecal quality scores, a reduction in faecal pH, changes to the taxonomic composition of the gut, and a reduction in faecal branched-chain fatty acids, which are markers for proteolytic degradation. Broader systemic measures, such as changes to serum cytokines, were not impacted by the prebiotic fibre blend. In conclusion, a novel prebiotic fibre blend containing sugar beet pulp, galacto-oligosaccharides, and cellulose improved the gastrointestinal health of senior dogs and could have a range of potential future dietary applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Two new tools designed to improve veterinarian-canine caretaker communications and lead to better health outcomes for the dog have been developed for canine caretakers to complete during visits to the veterinarian's office. Qualitative and quantitative testing methods were used to develop valid and reliable new tools for dogs that measure a canine's health-related quality of life (HRQoL-Q) and the character of the Human–Canine Animal Bond (HCBQ). Being reliable means that the veterinarian can count on the measures to provide consistent results (the results can be reproduced under the same conditions). Being valid means the tools have been shown to accurately measure what they are intended to measure. The Canine-HRQol and HCBQ can be used by veterinarians during office wellness visits to enhance communication between the pet owner and the veterinarian, help improve diagnosis of new problems that are of concern to the pet owner, monitor ongoing problems, monitor the relationship between the dog and caretaker that can impact the dog's HRQoL, help the veterinarian and caretaker make shared decisions on treatment options, and document the health status of the dog. The use of valid questionnaires to assess dogs' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in veterinary practice can improve canine health outcomes and communications between veterinarians and caretakers of dogs. The Canine HRQoL Questionnaire (Canine HRQoL-Q) and the Human–Canine Bond Questionnaire (HCBQ) were developed and validated to fulfill this need. A literature review, interviews with veterinarians, and focus groups with caretakers were conducted to generate questionnaire items and develop draft questionnaires, which were piloted with caretakers to establish their content validity. Measurement properties were evaluated using data from a prospective survey study (N = 327). Draft Canine HRQoL-Q and HCBQ measures were developed, including a domain structure, items, recall period, and scale/response options. Refinements were made via iterative cognitive interviews with caretakers. When no additional revisions were indicated and content validity was established, the questionnaires were psychometrically tested. Ceiling effects were observed for all items, and factor analyses indicated that the pre-specified domains are appropriate. Internal consistency was demonstrated for the HCBQ (α = 0.79–0.86) and all but the social functioning domain of the Canine HRQoL-Q (α = 0.60). Test–retest reliability for the Canine HRQoL-Q was generally moderate-to-good (with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) > 0.79). Test–retest reliability for the HCBQ was moderate (ICCs: 0.70–0.79) except for the trust domain (ICC: 0.58). Known-groups validity was demonstrated via significant differences (p < 0.05) in scores for health/bonding groups. Convergent validity was supported (r > 0.40) between all domains and the total scores for both questionnaires. The Canine HRQoL-Q and the HCBQ are valid, reliable measures of canine HRQoL for use in veterinary clinics and appear to measure related but distinct concepts that contribute to canine health and wellness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since dogs and humans share their living environments and effectuatevery close contactswith each other, with dog owners not caring adequately for their pets, there is a possibility of transmission of particular parasitic diseases from dogs to humans. In view of the fact that dogs are carriers and definitive hosts of a large number ofzoonotic endoparasites, their feces may represent a source of infection for humans and a real threat to their health. That is the reason for raising the level of awareness among citizens about the necessity of executing zoohygienic measures in dog breeding, as well as about the significance of causally planned dehelminthization and anti-ectoparasitic treatments. Further, it is essential that dog owners perform regular coprological examinations, immediately after getting the dog and four times a year afterwards, abiding by the principle of shifting the preparations used based on their different chemical formulations. A timely diagnosis of intestinal parasites in dogs and proper treatment of infected animals enable the prevention of these infections in humans. Contamination of public areas with intestinal parasites from dog feces represents a public health problem that should be kept under control using the appropriate social medicine approach. Such an approach would typically involve health education measures related to the control of parasite transmission in the environment, provision ofthe guidelines to dog owners for prevention of the occurrence, persistence, and spread of zoonotic diseases, and health education of medical and veterinary professionals, pet owners, and the wider community regarding the preservation of the health of both humans and pet animals. An increased level of knowledge and corrected attitudes and behaviors among individuals would certainly contribute to more effective prevention of zoonotic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ω -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by animals but are indispensable for their life activities. In the field of pet health, an increasing number of studies have found that ω-3 PUFAs can be used to improve pet hair coat, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The relevant research on the use of ω -3 PUFAs to improve the hair coat of dogs and rabbits has been reviewed, and the possible mechanisms by which ω -3 PUFAs improve hair coat has been summarized. The aim is to provide a reference for the application of ω -3 PUFAs in the pet industry to improve pet hair coat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]