Search

In this study, the hypoglycemic effect and possible mechanism of a polysaccharide, HEP-C, isolated from the fruit body of Hericium erinaceus were evaluated in streptozotoxin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Compared with the untreated STZ-induced diabetic rats, the supplements with HEP-C (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight [BW]) could significantly and dose-dependently relieve BW loss and organ injures, reduce fasting blood glucose, enhance glucose tolerance, alleviate hepatic function and serum lipid metabolism, elevate antioxidant enzyme activities, and suppress lipid peroxidation, which contributed to its potent hypoglycemic benefit. Liver histopathological observation revealed that HEP-C could effectively attenuate the deteriorated hepatic lesions in STZ-induced diabetic rats. HEP-C with potent hypoglycemic effect positively mediated glycogen synthesis by activating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. In summary, these results suggested that HEP-C, as a new dietary functional food or therapeutic agent, exhibited great potential for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.

In this study, three-phase partitioning (TPP) was used to directly extract and separate bioactive exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from a cultured broth of Phellinus baumii. The maximum extraction yield of EPS was 52.09% under the following optimal conditions: 20% (w/v) ammonium sulfate concentration, 1.0:1.5 (v/v) ratio of cultured broth to t‑butanol, 30 min, and 35 °C. A multifrequency power ultrasound in a sequential mode coupled with TPP resulted in ~9.12% increment in extraction yield and ~80% reduction in extraction time compared with those of traditional TPP. The carbohydrate (88.21%) and uronic acid (3.37%) contents of partially purified EPS were higher than those of EPS-C obtained through conventional ethanol precipitation and separation methods. EPS and EPS-C exhibited similar preliminary structural characteristics and different monosaccharide compositions and molecular weights. The radical-scavenging abilities, antioxidant capacities, α‑amylase and α‑glycosidase inhibitory activities, and macrophage stimulation activities of EPS were also higher than those of EPS-C. Therefore, it could be concluded that TPP as a simple and green separation technique could be used to directly extract and separate bioactive EPS from the fermentation broths of mushrooms and other fungi.

In this paper, AlN films grown by magnetron sputtering method have been proposed as the gate insulator layer of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) to decrease gate leakage current and suppress the interface trap. The effect of the temperature of substrate on the quality of AlN films have been investigated. By inserting the thin AlN film (35 nm) as a gate insulator layer, the on-state resistance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs decrease from 11.1 Ω mm to 10.3 Ω mm @V g = 0 V, the current collapse decreases from 16.6% to 3.2%, the gate leakage can be reduced from 1.2 × 10−1A mm−1 to 4.4 × 10−6A mm−1 @V g = 2 V by five orders of magnitude, and the fast interface states disappear and the normal trap density decreases from 0.96–1.3 × 1013 cm−2eV−1 to 1.3–3.4 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1, proving that magnetron-sputtered AlN is an effective way to improve the performance of GaN HEMTs.

In this study, a three-phase partitioning (TPP) system with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as organic phase and sodium citrate (SC) as salt phase was used for partitioning of exopolysaccharide (EPS), namely, EPS-D, from fermentation broth of Phellinus baumii. Results showed that the maximum extraction yield (EY) of EPS-D was 71.02% under the following modified optimal conditions: DMC to fermentation broth ratio 0.5:1.0 (v/v), SC concentration 19% (w/v), temperature 30 °C, and pH 4.0. EPS-D had higher EY, carbohydrate, and uronic acid contents compared with the EPS, designated as EPS-T, obtained from the TPP system with t-butanol and ammonium sulfate. EPS-D and EPS-T had different chemical compositions and molecular weights; however, their preliminary chemical structures basically remained unchanged. Moreover, EPS-D exhibited stronger free radical-scavenging capability and total antioxidant capacity than EPS-T. Therefore, the TPP system with DMC as an alternative solvent for t-butanol has great potential for efficient partitioning of natural biomolecules.

This chapter provides an introduction to interdisciplinary food physical processing as well as applications of food processing in research and industry production, and the effects of food physical processing on food quality. This chapter introduces the main research work on food physical processing by Professor Haile Ma’s team from Jiangsu University; this includes ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis of protein, ultrasonic-assisted fermentation, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, ultrasonic cleaning of food, ultrasonic degradation of polysaccharides, ultrasonic-assisted transesterification of triglycerides, ultrasonic-assisted osmotic dehydration of vegetables, ultrasonic-assisted aging of vinegar, magnetism-assisted fermentation, infrared blanching and dehydration of fruit and vegetables, combined Laser and UV irradiation breeding of microorganism, and pulsed light processing of food.

Curdlan is insoluble in water at ambient temperatures due to its rigid triple helix structure, which greatly limits its applications in the food industry. Alkali-neutralization (AN) treatment is a promising strategy for curdlan dissolution. In this study, the changes in macromolecular behaviors, microstructures, structural characteristics and rheological properties of curdlan before and after AN treatment at different alkali and acid concentrations (0.1–1.0 M) were analyzed and evaluated. Results showed that the AN-treated curdlans in aqueous solutions underwent conformation transitions from ordered triple helices to loose triple helices and then random coils with increased water solubility and reduced intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight, and rheological property. These findings were attributed to the breakdown of intra-/inter-molecular hydrogen bonds. Compared with untreated commercial curdlan, AN treatment significantly affected the microstructure, crystallinity, and thermal property of the AN-treated curdlans but hardly changed their (1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosidic linkages. Therefore, this study would provide a theoretical basis for gaining insight into the AN treatment for curdlan and further give a feasible and effective way for improving solubility of water-insoluble curdlan to expand its potential applications in food industry and biomedicine.

Kinetic models and temperature control strategy were established to reflect the effect of temperature (22 °C-30 °C) on flavonoid production of Phellinus baumii (P. baumii) in 6-L fermentor. A modified Logistic equation, Hinshelwood model, and Luedeking Piret equation were used to describe mycelial growth and product formation. The influence of temperature on the estimated kinetic parameters was further studied by regression analysis. Based on kinetic parameters analysis, the new temperature control strategy was proposed. Briefly, at 0-43 H, decreasing temperature (30 °C-28 °C) can shorten the lag phase of mycelial growth, and at 43-90 H, fermentation temperature was reduced gradually from 28 °C to 24 °C to keep high flavonoid productivity. At the fermentation anaphase (90-161 H), temperature was controlled at 24 °C to relieve inhibition of flavonoid and maintain constant production capacity of flavonoid. As a result, the maximum flavonoid yield was reached 4.21 mg/100 mg cell dry weight by temperature control strategy, which was 70.45% higher than that at a constant temperature of 26 °C. Additionally, the establishment of kinetic models based on fermentation temperature, which presented here may provide a scientific basis for further large scales flavonoid production of P. baumii in submerged fermentation.

Regioselective oxidation was applied to commercial curdlan for the preparation of its water-soluble derivatives with improved antioxidant activities, using a 4-acetamido-2,2, 6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical/NaClO/NaClO2 system at pH 4.8 and 40°C. The structural features, molecular properties, and chain conformations of the oxidised curdlans were determined using Fourier transform (FT) infrared and FT Raman spectroscopy, carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, and size-exclusion chromatography with multi-angle laser-light scattering analyses. The C6 primary hydroxyls of curdlan were successfully oxidised into carboxylate groups with less depolymerization, and no aldehyde groups were formed during oxidation. The crystalline region of curdlan was destroyed after oxidation. The oxidised curdlans formed random coils in aqueous solution, and the chain became more flexible and expanded with increasing carboxylate contents from 2.07mmol/g to 4.87mmol/g. The high polyglucuronic acid derivative (Cur-24) showed the best antioxidant activity in TEAC and FRAP assays, thus it could be explored as novel potential antioxidants for dietary and therapeutic applications.

Objective This paper depicts a testing technology of nondestructive infrared imaging for acquiring internal structure information of metal Buddha head. Methods applying active infrared thermal imaging nondestructive testing technology Results Data which was collected by IR camera was processed, the typical time thermograph and the curve of logarithmic temperature-time can be. get information of relative thickness in metal Buddha face. Conclusion Infrared thermal imaging technology can be detect the inside information of metal Buddha head . It is feasible to conserve heritage in infrared imaging method.

A three-dimensional mathematical model was developed to describe the flow field in the electrolysis cell of the molten magnesium salt, where the model of the three-phase flow was coupled with the electric field force. The mathematical model was validated against the experimental data of the cold model in the electrolysis cell of zinc sulfate with 2 mol/L concentration. The flow field of the cold model was measured by particle image velocimetry, a non-intrusive visualization experimental technique. The flow field in the advanced diaphragmless electrolytic cell of the molten magnesium salt was investigated by the simulations with the mathematical model.

to evaluate the correlation between the severity of coronary artery lesion and multiple risk factors of events of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with coronary arteriography (CAG) in Tianjin.A retrospective study was conducted. One thousand six hundred and twenty-nine patients with CHD as diagnosed with CAG in Tianjin Chest Hospital were enrolled in the study. Using the SYNTAX score to evaluate the outcomes of CAG, The patients wer divided into three groups, i.e. low (0-22, n=962), medium (23-32, n=446) and high (≥ 33, n=221) score groups. The relationship between the severity of CHD patients analysis.The single factor analysis results showed that the severer the coronary artery lesion, the higher the SYNTAX score, the higher the proportion of patients having one of single risk factors (old, male, smoking, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, blood lipid abnormality), the lower the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and the higher the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) level, fibrinogen (FIB) content, and body mass index (BMI, all P0.01). The logistic regression analysis showed that male, old age, hypertension, typed 2 diabetes mellitus, TC were the independent risk factors in aggravating the severity of CHD. Hypertension [ odds ration (OR)=3.947, 95% confidence interval (95% CL) 1.45-10.704, P0.001] and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR=5.760, 95% CI 2.549-13.018, P0.001) were the two most prominent predictors for CHD, while HDL-C was the protective factor for CHD (OR=0.541, 95% CI 0.295-0.992, P=0.992, P=0.004). CONCLUSION. The severity of CHD was closely related to CHD was closely related to various risk factors, among them hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus were the most predominant risk factors of CHD. Therefore it should be emphasized that clinicians should control blood pressure, blood glucose, and also blood lipid level in CHD patients to prevent cardiac event.

To characterize the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the ALV-J strain which can induce hemangioma, fragments of provirus LTR of the three different ALV-J strains SCAU-HN06, NX0101 and JS-nt were amplified with a pair of specific primers, then cloned and subjected to sequence analysis. In comparison with the prototype ALV-J strains HPRS-103 and ADOL-7501, the LTRs of domestic strains (SCAU-HN06, NX0101, JS-nt and SD07lk1) had an 88.0%-97.2% nucleotide sequence identity; the U5 and R regions in the LTR had a high nucleotide similarity, while the U3 region in the LTR showed significant variance. The LTR fragments from the different ALV-J strains were inserted into the upstream of bacterial CAT gene of the plasmid pCAT-Basic, respectively. The resultant recombinant plasmids were transfected into DF-1 cells. The transfected cells were harvested 48 h post-transfection, and cell lysates were prepared for CAT expression detection. The CAT assay was performed using CAT-ELISA. The results showed that the promoter activity of the LTRSCAU-HNO6 was a little higher than those of LTRJS-nt and LTRNX0101, but there was no significant difference in the promoter activity among the compared LTRs.