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Objective To study the factors influencing serum reversal in HIV-exposed children.Methods The general information, clinical data, and serum results of 49 cases of HIV-infected pregnant women and their children exposed to HIV were collected from the Shenzhen Third People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021.Results All 49 HIV-exposed children were tested negative for HIV nucleic acid at 48 h, 6 weeks, and 3 months of age. The serum reversal rates at 12, 18 and 21 months were 59.18%, 93.87% and 100%, respectively. Whether the serum of HIV-exposed children was reversed at 12 months of age was not related to the maternal delivery, anti-retroviral therapy initiation time, nucleic acid test results, CD4+T lymphocyte count (P>0.05). It was not related to children’s sex, gestational age, birth weight, and the type of blocking drug used (P>0.05).Conclusion No clear influencing factors were found for serum reversal in HIV-exposed 12-month-old children. The consistency between nucleic acid detection and final serum reversal was 100%. In order to exclude the possibility of HIV infection as soon as possible and reduce family concerns, three times of negative nucleic acid results before 3 months of age in HIV-exposed children may be considered as a substitute for serum reversal.

Tuberculosis （TB） and human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immune deficiency syndrome （HIV/AIDS） are both serious global public health threats. Early detection of infected persons and/or patients through TB/HIV bi-directional screening is crucial for prevention and control strategy in China and globally. In recent years， with the promotion and application of new TB and HIV detection technologies worldwide， TB/HIV bi-directional screening technologies and strategies have made remarkable changes. This expert consensus introduces the significance and challenges of TB/HIV bi-directional screening， summarizes important progress of research and applications， and makes recommendations on screening measures and procedures to further strengthen TB/HIV bi-directional screening in China.

Objective To explore the effect of omeprazole combined with different probiotics on regulating intestinal flora in reducing functional dyspepsia (FD) in children. Methods Two hundreds children with FD admitted to the Pediatric Department of Foshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2022 to February 2023 were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into omeprazde(omep) group, groups of omeprazole +yeast(yeast group), +clostridium butyricum(clos group), and +bifidobacterium(bifi group) respectively. Results After treatment, serum level of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, hs-CRP, VIP, SS, Enterobacter and Enterococcus in all groups significantly decreased as compared with the finding before treatment (P＜0.05). Those targets in the three combined treatment groups were significantly lower compared to the ome group; After treatment, the serum MOT level,bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli in each group were significantly increased (P＜0.05), and the results from three combined treatment groups demonstrated notably higher levels compared to the omep group(P＜0.05); The scores of symptoms in all groups showed a significant alleviation after the treatment(P＜0.05). Additionally, the three combined treatment groups exhibited significantly lower symptom scores than the group treated with omeprazole alone (P＜0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment among the groups. Conclusions Omeprazole combined with different probiotics have achieved good results in the treatment of FD in children.

Objective To explore the effect of hypoxia on cell migration and fusion of urine-derived stem cells (USCs) in vitro, and observe the changes in cytoskeleton and cell polarity during the process. Methods After USCs were cultured under normoxia (20%) or hypoxia (3%) for 48 h, cell migration were detected by cell scratch test and Transwell assay, USCs' fusion with hepatic HP14-19 and HepG2 cells were observed and determined using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, and structure of cytoskeleton was observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and phalloidin fluorescence probe. The expression of cell polarity related proteins, RhoA, Cdc42 and Rac1 was measured with immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and real-time PCR. Results The USCs from the hypoxia group showed stronger migration capacity and cell fusion with hepatocytes when compared with the cells from the normoxia group. The results of TEM and phalloidin fluorescence staining revealed that hypoxia induced remodeling of cytoskeleton, and regularly and well-arranged microfilament and microtubule. The results of immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and real-time PCR indicated that the expression levels of cell polarity related proteins RhoA, Cdc42 and Rac1 were much higher in the hypoxia group than in the normoxia group. Conclusion Hypoxia preconditioning promotes cell migration and fusion in USCs, which may be associated with cytoskeleton remodeling and up-regulation of cell polarity.

Novel CuO–FeS nanocomposites were synthesized to exert anticancer effects on HepG2 cells. The formation was initially demonstrated using UV–Visible spectrophotometry analysis, which indicated two peaks at 335 and 370 nm. Characteristic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy peaks for Cu–O and Fe–S bonds were observed at 516, 577 and 619 cm−1 in addition to other notable peaks. The Miller indices correspond to the lattice spacing of monoclinic CuO and FeS as observed by selected area diffraction rings concurrent with the X-ray diffraction observations. The morphology was interpreted by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, indicating a particle size of 110 nm. As per energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, strong peaks for Cu (0.9, 8 and 9 keV), Fe (6–7 keV), O (0.5 keV) and S (2.5 keV) indicated the formation of CuO–FeS blend with no impurities. A mean particle size of 121.9 nm and polydispersity index of 0.150 were displayed by dynamic light scattering analysis and the zeta potential was −29.2 mV. The composites were not toxic to normal 3T3-L1 cells and were not haemolytic even at higher doses. In addition, the stable composites exerted cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells (IC50 = 250 ± 5.7 μg/mL) and induced cell death by creating a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of mitochondrial apoptosis in a ROS-independent manner.

Objective To summarize the clinical features and the outcome of surgical treatment of refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) after dialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods A study was conducted on 102 CKD patients with refractory SHPT after dialysis who received surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019. The clinical characteristics including hematological indicators were analyzed. The treatment outcome and postoperative complications were summarized. Results The decrement of parathyroid hormone (PTH) level on postoperative day 1 was higher than 80% of preoperative PTH level. On postoperative day 1 and day 7 and month 3, the serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and PTH were significantly decreased when compared with the preoperative values. There were 4 cases having thyroidectomy, 20 cases experincing central lymph node dissection, and 10 cases undergoing thymus resection. During the perioperative period, 15 patients had numbness on hands, feet and perioral area, and 2 of them had distal upper extremity convulsion. The systemic symptoms were greatly relieved in 99 patients within 1 week after surgery. There were 5 cases of permanent hypoparathyroidism and 2 cases of recurrent SHPT after operation. Conclusion Surgery is the most effective treatment for refractory SHPT. Multiple imaging examinations should be used to locate parathyroid gland, and detailed evaluation should be conducted preoperatively. During postoperative period, hematological indicators should be closely monitored and timely treatment of complications is necessary.

Along with the gradual normalization of coordinated cross-mining of multiple mineral resources, the safety situation of natural gas wells has become increasingly serious. Taking coal-gas cross-mining in the Ordos Basin as the research object, this paper proposed an anti-collision early warning method based on vibration wave monitoring prevent the occurrence of collision accidents between roadheader and gas well. Through the steel pipe percussion vibration test and coal mine excavation vibration test, the attenuation law of vibration waves in the steel pipe and coal rock is studied, and the formula for calculating the distance from the roadheader to the natural gas well is deduced according to the vibration attenuation law. The results show that the attenuation coefficients of vibration waves in steel pipes and coal rocks are different, but the attenuation laws are basically the same, both conforming to the exponential attenuation law, with the vibration waves first decaying rapidly and then slowly. It provides a reference for the realization of surface monitoring of the distance from the roadheader to the natural gas well, preventing collision and predicting early warning.

Objective To analyze the feasibility of ultrasound (US) measurement for hip labrum with reference from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement for hip joint. Methods From July 2020 to June 2021, 42 patients with hip pain admitted in our hospital were enrolled in this study. They were 20 males and 22 females, and aged between 18 and 69 years old (mean 39.1±12.5 years old). Only the hip labrum of their healthy side were subjected for observation, including 12 left hips and 30 right hips. All patients underwent MRI and US examination for hip joint, and the measurement parameters included the thickness, and lengths and areas of anterior labrum, upper labrum and posterior labrum. Paired t test and rank sum test were used to compare the differences between the 2 measurements, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was adopt to compare the consistency of the 2 methods. Results The measurements of anterior hip labrum: thickness 3.41±0.62 vs 3.59±0.54 mm, length 7.90 (6.50, 8.75) vs 7.67±1.06 mm, area 0.17 (0.12, 0.19) vs 0.17±0.05 mm2 (US vs MRI). The measurements of upper hip labrum: thickness 4.20 (3.60, 4.75) vs 4.20±0.65 mm, length 6.80 (6.05, 8.10) vs 4.20±0.65 mm, area 0.19 (0.15, 0.22) vs MRI 0.18 (0.15, 0.24) mm2. The measurements of posterior hip labrum: thickness 3.77±0.61 vs 3.71±0.61 mm, length 6.73±1.12 vs 6.71±1.09 mm, area 0.16 (0.13, 0.21) vs 0.16 (0.13, 0.19) mm2. There was significant difference in the thickness of anterior hip labrum between US and MRI measurements (P < 0.05), but no such differences were seen in other measurement parameters. These 2 examination methods showed good agreement (ICC>0.4) in the measurements of hip labrum generally, except for the area of anterior hip labrum and the length and area of posterior hip labrum (ICC < 0.4). Conclusion US and MRI measurements show good agreement for the hip labrum. US examination can be used as an alternative or in addition to the initial imaging of the labrum of hip joint.

Cirrus clouds play a vital role in regulating the global radiative balance and climate, with their net radiative forcing determined by microphysical properties, which are strongly related to the ice-nucleating mechanisms, i.e., heterogeneous or homogeneous nucleation. However, there are lack of direct observational cases regarding the influence of long-range transport of Asian dust on primary ice formation in cirrus over the Pacific. Here we report on two such dust-cirrus interaction cases over the central Pacific with the combined observations of space-borne Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR). Both cases show good agreement (within an order of magnitude) of in-cloud ICNC and nearby dust-related INP concentration (INPC) values, indicating that dust-induced heterogeneous nucleation is dominated in ice formation. This study shows that the natural supply of effective INPs to the upper troposphere can modulate the microphysical properties of cirrus clouds by acting as INPs and further influence on global climate. This information is useful for parameterizing ice formation in climate models.

Objective To assess the clinical feasibility of the 2017 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) ultrasound definition and quantification system for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ultrasound scoring system. Methods A total of 62 RA patients diagnosed in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of our hospital and undergoing complete small joints ultrasonography from January 2017 to February 2019 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The grey scale ultrasonography (GSUS) and power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) of synovitis in the hands, wrist and feet were retrospectively analyzed and semi-quantitatively (grades 0~3) scored twice by a physician with 10-year experience in musculoskeletal ultrasound and a junior physician with 1.5-year experience in this aspect, respectively, according to 2017EULAR. Weighted kappa test was used to evaluate intra and inter-observer consistency. The senior physician assessed the ultrasonographical data again according to the most widely used Szkudlarek scoring. Chi-square test was used to compare the 2 scoring systems. After the 2017 EULAR scores of senior physicians were taken as reference, the scores of GSUS and PDUS were summed up to an total score, and the correlation of the GSUS, PDUS and total scores with clinical parameters were analyzed with Spearman correlation analysis for non-normally distributed variables and Pearson for binormal variable. Results Compared with the results of Szkudlarek method, the distributions of 2017 EULAR GSUS grade 2 in the proximal interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints were of significant differences (P < 0.05), and so were those of GSUS grade 3 in the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints (P < 0.05). The PDUS differences of grade 1 and 2 in the wrist, metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and metatarsophalangeal joints were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Both GSUS and PDUS scores were positively correlated with disease activity (DAS)28 score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 (P < 0.05). There was a good consistency between different observers in 2017 EULAR GSUS and PDUS scoring, with a weighted kappa value ranging from 0.494 to 1. Conclusion 2017 EULAR scoring system can relatively improve the uneven distribution of the existing semi-quantitative scoring, and the results are positively correlated with clinical indicators, such as DSA28 score, ESR, and levels of CRP and IL-6. It also has a good consistency among different observers. So it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To explore the risk factors of enterostomy in infants with Hirschsprung' s disease (HSCR) to facilitate timely evaluation of the condition and the clinical decision-making on the timing of intervention. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 201 infants diagnosed with HSCR in our hospital between January, 2013 and January, 2019. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the clinical data and laboratory test results of the patients to identify the risk factors of enterostomy. Results The incidence of enterostomy was 22.4% in these infants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lowered serum albumin level (OR = 0. 737, 95% CI: 0. 633 - 0. 857, P = 0. 000), abnormal stool routine (OR = 10. 634, 95% CI: 3. 016-37. 502, P = 0. 000), procalcitonin (PCT) level >2 ng /mL (OR = 9. 954, 95% CI: 2. 517-39. 368, P = 0. 001), and right-sided HSCR (OR = 4. 307, 95% CI: 1. 417-13. 092, P = 0. 010) were risk factors for enterostomy in infants. Conclusion A lowed serum albumin level, abnormal stool routine, a PCT level > 2 ng /mL and right-sided HSCR are risk factors for enterostomy in infants with HSCR.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of D-dimer combined with activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) for slow/no-reflow of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). Methods A total of 181 ACS patients undergoing emergency PCI in our department from November 2015 to June 2018 were recruited in this study. Their plasma D-dimer level and APTT were tested before surgery. According to thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI), the patients were divided into slow/no-reflow group and normal blood flow group. The correlations of D-dimer level and APTT were analyzed with the incidence of slow/no-reflow. According to the cutoff values of the 2 indicators, the patients were assigned into high-risk group and non-high-risk group, and the incidence of slow/no-reflow was compared between the 2 groups. Results Logistics multivariate regression analysis showed preoperative D-dimer (OR=2.801, 95% CI=1.399~5.610, P=0.004) was positively, and APTT (OR=0.881, 95%CI=0.810~0.959, P=0.003) was negatively correlated with slow/no-reflow phenomenon. According to ROC curve, D-dimer AUC=0.612 (95% CI=0.537~0.683, P=0.036), APTT AUC=0.653 (95% CI=0.579~0.722, P=0.004), and AUC increased to 0.697 (95% CI=0.624~0.763, P < 0.001) when D-dimer was combined with APTT index. According to the cutoff values of D-dimer and APTT, the incidence of slow/no-reflow in high-risk and non-high-risk groups was 36.17% and 14.92%, respectively (P=0.002). Conclusion Higher preoperative D-dimer indicates higher incidence of slow/no-reflow in ACS patients after emergency PCI, while preoperative APTT is negatively correlated with the incidence. So combined detection of the 2 indicators helps predict the occurrence of slow/no-reflow in the patients.

Resveratrol(RES) is a natural polyphenol which possesses an anti-depressant effect. However, the mechanisms of its anti-depressant effect remain unclear. The aim of the study is to investigate the potential mechanisms in the neuro-protective efficiency in the corticosterone-induced pheochromacytoma 12 (PC12) cells.

Recently, microorganisms and their metabolites in the Antarctic marine environment have attracted attention as useful sources for novel therapeutics, including anticancer drugs. Here, we investigated the effects of citromycin, isolated from the Antarctic marine-derived fungus, Sporothrix sp., on human ovarian cancer cells. Citromycin inhibited the migration and invasion of human ovarian cancer SKOV3 and A2780 cells, but had no cytotoxic activity against them. Additionally, it inhibited the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and the activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP9. Moreover, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 signaling was inhibited after citromycin treatment, and the ectopic expression of ERK negated the anti-invasive activity of citromycin. Our findings suggest that citromycin inhibits the migration and invasion of human ovarian cancer cells by downregulating the expression levels of EMT markers and MMP-2/9 via inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway.

Abstract Background A relatively high proportion of patients diagnosed with primary CNS lymphoma will experience recurrent disease, yet therapy options are limited in salvage therapy. This is the first study to evaluate a bendamustine-based combination regimen for the treatment of relapsed/refractory PCNSL and to characterize bendamustine pharmacokinetics in the human CSF. Methods Patients received bendamustine 75 mg/m2 for two days as part of R-B(O)AD administered intravenously every 4 weeks for up to 4 cycles. Response and adverse events of the regimen were assessed. A sparse sampling strategy and population based modeling approach was utilized for evaluation of plasma and CSF levels of bendamustine. Results Ten patients were enrolled into study of whom 70% were of refractory disease and with high IELSG prognostic risk scores. The ORR of R-BOAD was 50% (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.76) with one patient achieving CR and four PR. Primary toxicity of the regimen was reversible myelosuppression, mostly grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. The Cmax mean for plasma and CSF were 2669 ng/mL and 0.397 ng/mL, respectively, and patients with response at deep tumor sites displayed higher trends in peak exposure. Pharmacokinetic data was best described by a four-compartment model with first-order elimination of drug from central plasma and CSF compartments. Conclusions R-BOAD is an effective salvage option for PCNSL, but with significant hematologic toxicity. Bendamustine CSF levels are minimal; however correspond to plasma exposure and response. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03392714; retrospectively registered January 8, 2018.

In the process of designing lightweight of the steering knuckle,because of too many random variables and various factors,it is easy to result in poor optimization results. We consider the effect of the random parameter variable on stress and total volume and put forward the concept of comprehensive sensitivity. Through the dynamic simulation we get the steering knuckle bearing under three typical working conditions. By the finite element analysis,we obtain extreme load condition data and the initial static and reliability indicators. We use comprehensive sensitivity analysis theory to get the final design variables. Finally,we complete the lightweight design by establishing mathematical model. The results show that the lightweight design method based on comprehensive sensitivity can reduce steering knuckle weight and maintain good static and fatigue reliability effectively and can be applied in the engineering field.

A new steroidal saponin, 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-ene-3β,22α,26-triol 3-O-(1−4)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1−2)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1−4)]-β-d-glucopyranoside [asparacochioside A (1)] was isolated from a hot water extract of the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis, together with the known steroidal saponins protodioscin (2), methyl protodioscin (3), aspacochioside A (4), aspacochioside C (5), 15−hydroxypseudoprotodioscin (6), and chamaedroside E (7). The structure of the new compound 1 was determined by interpretation of its spectroscopic data (1D- and 2D-NMR and HR−Q−TOF−MS) and sugar analysis. The isolated compounds 1−7 were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780 and SKOV3). Asparacochioside A (1) exhibited a significant cytotoxicity against both A2780 and SKOV3 cells with IC50 values of 5.25 ± 2.2 and 46.82 ± 9.43 μM, respectively. Furthermore, asparacochioside A (1) significantly increased the percentage of Annexin V-positive cells (apoptotic cells), suggesting that asparacochioside A induces ovarian cancer cell death via apoptosis.

Let G be a graph with chromatic number χ(G) and consider a partition P of G into connected subgraphs. P is a puzzle on G if there is a unique vertex coloring of G using 1, 2, …, χ(G) such that the sums of the numbers assigned to the partition pieces are all the same. P is an apuzzle if there is a unique vertex coloring such that the sums are all different. We investigate the concept of puzzling and apuzzling graphs, detailing classes of graphs that are puzzling, apuzzling and neither.

Four new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids, (1R,5S,6R,7S,9S,10S)-1,6,9-trihydroxy-eudesm-3-ene-1,6-di-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), (1R,5S,6S,7R,9S,10S)-1,6,9,11-tetrahydroxy-eudesm-3-ene-1,6-di-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), (1R,5S,6R,7S,9S,10R)-9-O-(Z-p-coumaroyl)-1,6,9-trihydroxy-eudesm-3-ene-6-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), and (1R,5S,6R,7S,9S,10R)-9-O-(E-feruloyl)-1,6,9-trihydroxy-eudesm-3-ene-6-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7), were isolated from a 95% EtOH extract of the leaves of Aster koraiensis by repeated chromatography. Moreover, three sesquiterpenoids (2, 4, and 5) and two caffeoylquinic acids (8 and 9) having previously known chemical structures were isolated during the isolation procedure. The four new compounds (1, 3, 6, and 7) were elucidated by spectroscopic data (1D- and 2D-NMR, MS, and ECD) interpretation and hydrolysis. Moreover, the absolute configurations of 2, 4, and 5 were determined for the first time in this study. The compounds isolated were tested for their viability on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Among them, only 7 presented weak inhibitory effects on both NO and PGE2 production.