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Objective: To examine the relationship of prenatal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and full-term low birth weight (FT-LBW) when taking anthropometric proportionality into consideration, and explore whether appetite mediates their association.Study design: We conducted a case-control study among pregnant women at two Women and Children's Hospitals in Guangdong, China. Information was collected through interview and medical records review. A series of logistic and linear regressions were used to examine the relationships of prenatal ETS exposure, appetite, and FT-LBW.Results: After adjusting for the potential confounders, prenatal ETS exposure was significantly negatively associated with FT-LBW (OR: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.35-2.48) and negatively correlated with maternal appetite in second and third trimester during pregnancy (β: -0.11, standard error: 0.03). Moreover, mediation analysis illustrated that maternal appetite partially mediated 12.00% of their relationship. However, subgroup analysis showed that prenatal ETS exposure was linked to higher risk of symmetric FT-LBW (OR: 2.26, 95%CI: 1.56-3.26) but not asymmetric FT-LBW. And maternal appetite explained only 6.45% of their relationship.Conclusions: Maternal prenatal ETS exposure increased risk of having symmetric FT-LBW infant, and appetite might mediate their relationship partially. This study emphasizes the importance of sample homogeneity and stresses the needs to improve the public awareness of the harmful effects of ETS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the interaction effects of prenatal exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and genotypes of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) on the risk of full-term low birth weight (FT-LBW).Study Design: We conducted a case-control study among pregnant women at two Women and Children's Hospitals in Guangdong, China (n = 910). Information was collected through interview, medical records review, and blood lab tests. Maternal selfreport and serum cotinine concentration were combined to define prenatal exposed to ETS. Logistic regression approach was applied for statistical analysis.Results: Our results showed that regardless of genotypes, prenatal exposed to ETS significantly increased the risk of FT-LBW. Then, two-way interactions showed increased prevalence of FT-LBW in prenatal exposed to ETS mothers with the CYP1A1 variant genotype (MspI "CC"), or with GSTT1-null genotype. Furthermore, three-way interactions showed that women with CYP1A1 variant (MspI "TC" or BsrDI "AG") genotypes and GSTT1 "null" genotype had higher risk to give birth of FT-LBW. Additionally, among nonexposed ETS mothers, genotype did not independently confer adverse effects on FT-LBW.Conclusions: Our results revealed that prenatal exposed to ETS is independently associated with FT-LBW while gene polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and GSTs merely play modified roles in this process. This study extends understanding of three-way interaction, and stresses the need to tobacco control toward pregnant women for better pregnant outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The extent of research on maternal exercise during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth (PTB) have grown substantially, but conclusions still remained controversial. Thus, this study aims to examine the relationship of maternal exercise during pregnancy and PTB and explore whether placenta mediates their relationship.Study Design: We investigated 849 pregnant women delivering PTB newborns (cases) and 1306 delivering full-term appropriate for gestational age newborns (controls) in this case-control study. Information concerning maternal exercise during pregnancy, sociodemographics and obstetric characteristics were collected at Women and Children's Hospitals of Shenzhen and Foshan in Guangdong, China. A series of logistic and linear regressions were used to examine the relationships of maternal exercise during pregnancy, placenta, and PTB.Results: After adjusting for the potential confounders, maternal exercise frequency and duration during pregnancy were negatively associated with PTB. Moreover, compared with mother taking no exercise during pregnancy, those taking exercise lowered the risk of PTB except those taking low/medium frequency and short duration exercise, and their adjusted ORs ranged from 0.43 to 0.65. Furthermore, mediation analysis illustrated that placental weight partially mediated 65.20% of the effects of maternal exercise frequency on PTB, as well as 41.98% of the association between maternal exercise duration and PTB.Conclusions: Maternal exercise during pregnancy is beneficial for lowering the risk of PTB, especially when taking appropriate and enough exercise. Placenta weight may partially mediate the association between maternal exercise during pregnancy and PTB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the association of maternal exercise during pregnancy with full-term low birth weight (FT-LBW) and whether placenta mediates their association.Study Design: We investigated 326 pregnant women delivering FT-LBW weight newborns (cases) and 1644 delivering full-term normal birth weight newborns (controls) in this case-control study. Information concerning maternal exercise during pregnancy, socio-demographics and obstetric characteristics were collected at Women and Children's Hospitals of Shenzhen and Foshan in Guangdong, China.Results: After adjusting for the potential confounders, maternal exercise frequency and duration during pregnancy were significantly negatively associated with FT-LBW, respectively. Moreover, compared with mothers taking no exercise during pregnancy, those taking exercises were significantly negatively associated with FT-LBW except those taking low/medium frequency and short duration exercise and high-frequency and long duration exercise, and their adjusted ORs ranged from 0.30 to 0.62. Furthermore, mediation analysis illustrated that placental weight partially mediated 27.20% of the association between maternal exercise frequency during pregnancy and FT-LBW, but not the association between maternal exercise duration during pregnancy and FT-LBW.Conclusions: Maternal exercise during pregnancy is beneficial for lowering FT-LBW risk, especially when taking appropriate and enough exercise. Placenta weight partially mediates the association between maternal exercise frequency during pregnancy and FT-LBW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the influence of misoprostol combined with oxytocin on serum levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) and coagulation factors after parturient postpartum, which is a useful reference for effective treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. Methods: 120 parturients with postpartum hemorrhage from our hospital during Dec 2010 to Jan 2013 were included in this study. Those high-risk factors were pregnancy hypertension, placental abruption, placenta previa, fetal macrosomia and multiple pregnancy. Those cases were randomly divided into three groups, each with 40 cases. Parturients in group A were immediately administrated with misoprostol 400 µg through rectum after baby delivery. Parturients in group B were immediately administrated with oxytocin 20 U through palace intramuscular, at the same time, with oxytocin 20 U through intravenous infusion. Parturients in group C were immediately administrated with oxytocin 20 U through palace intramuscular and misoprostol 400 µg through rectum. The postoperative bleeding volume was measured by volum and weight after postpartum 2 h and 24 h. The serum levels of angiotensin and coagulation factors were measured by ELISA. The systolic pressures before childbirth and post partum were observed. Results :There were not significant differences in the serum levels of Ang E between antepartum and postpartum, in both group A and group B (P<0.05) while this difference was significant in group C (t=7.196, P=0.009). The same status was found in the serum levels of two coagulation factors in three groups. The hemorrhage volumes post partum 2h, 24h of group A and group B were significantly increased than that of group C (P<0.05). The differences of those systolic pressures before childbirth and post partum 2h, in three groups, were not significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: Misoprostol combined with oxytocin can significantly increased serum levels of angiotensin and coagulation factors when to treat effectively postpartum hemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective Evidence regarding the association between prenatal exposure to cooking oil fumes (COF) and full-term low birth weight (FTLBW) is still controversial, and the mechanism remains unclear. This study thus aims to explore the association of prenatal COF exposure with off-spring FT-LBW as well as the mediating role of placenta in their association. Methods A case-control study enrolling 266 pregnant women delivering FTLBW newborns (cases) and 1420 delivering normal birth weight (NBW) newborns (controls) was conducted. Information on prenatal COF exposure, socio-demographics, and obstetric conditions were collected at the Women's and Children's Hospitals of Shenzhen and Foshan in Guangdong, China. Linear and hierarchical logistic regression models were undertaken to explore the associations among COF exposure, placenta and birth weight, as well as the mediation effect of placental weight. Results After controlling for potential confounders, prenatal COF exposure was significantly associated with the higher risk of FT-LBW (OR = 1.31, 95% CI= 1.06–1.63) and the lower placental weight (ß = −0.12, 95% CI= −0.23 ~ −0.005). Compared with mothers who never cooked, those cooking sometimes (OR= 2.99, 95% CI= 1.48–6.04) or often (OR= 3.41, 95% CI= 1.40–8.34) showed a higher risk of FT-LBW, and likewise, those cooking for less than half an hour (OR= 2.08, 95% CI= 1.14–3.79) or cooking between half to an hour (OR= 2.48, 95% CI= 1.44–4.29) were also more likely to exhibit FT-LBW. Different cooking methods including pan-frying (OR= 2.24, 95% CI= 1.30–3.85) or deep-frying (OR= 1.78, 95% CI= 1.12–2.85) during pregnancy were associated with increased FT-LBW risks as well. The further mediation analysis illustrated that placental weight mediated 15.96% (95% CI: 12.81~28.80%) and 15.90% (95% CI= 14.62%~16.66%) of the associations of cooking during pregnancy and frequency of prenatal COF exposure, respectively, with FT-LBW. Highlights • Prenatal COF exposure was associated with FT-LBW and placental weight. • Pregnant women cook more frequently or longer showed a higher risk of FT-LBW. • Different cooking methods during pregnancy were associated with FT-LBW risks. • Placental weight mediated the associations of prenatal COF exposure with FT-LBW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are some reports on association between maternal prenatal cooking oil fume (COF) exposure and preterm birth (PTB), but its mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to assess whether placental weight mediates their associations. Method: We enrolled 619 pregnant women delivering PTB newborns as cases and 1701 delivering full-term appropriate for gestational age newborns as controls. They were inquired with a self-reported questionnaire about prenatal COF exposure, socio-demographics and obstetric characteristics at Women and Children's Hospitals of Shenzhen and Foshan. After controlling for the potential confounders, a series of logistic and linear regressions were conducted to assess associations among COF exposure, placental weight and PTB, and the mediation of placental weight in the association between COF exposure and PTB. Results: Maternal prenatal COF exposure was significantly associated with PTB and the frequency of prenatal COF exposure was negatively associated with placental weight. Compared with mother who never cooked, those cooking occasionally, sometimes or often increased the risk of PTB, and similarly, those cooking between half to an hour was also showed a higher risk of PTB. Typical Chinese cooking methods including stir-frying, pan-frying and deep-frying were also associated with PTB. Different oil types mainly used, including peanut oil, corn oil and animal oil were associated with PTB as well. Mediation analysis illustrated that placental weight partially mediated 13.60% (95% CI = 10.62-33.20%) of the effects on the association between the frequency of maternal prenatal COF exposure and PTB. Conclusion: Maternal cooking during pregnancy and the frequency of prenatal COF exposure might increase the risk of PTB, in which placenta might play mediation role.

Objective: To study the association between maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and the small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants and to analyze independent factors on duration, in different areas., Methods: Totally, 8 retrospective studies published in PubMed (no year limited), OVID-MEDLINE (no year limited), CNKI (from 1911 to 2008), VIP (from 1989 to 2008), and CBM (no year limited), on maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and SGA were analyzed synthetically by Meta-analysis., Results: The unadjusted pooled OR value on the association between maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and SGA was 1.45 (95% CI: 1.05-2.01). Data showed that the adjusted pooled OR value was 1.76 (95% CI: 1.15-2.69). Maternal passive smoking in early pregnancy was a risk factor for SGA (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.25-2.72), and so was the exposure in mid or late pregnancy(OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.43-3.13). No statistically significant relationship between SGA and passive smoking at home or at workplace was found., Conclusion: Avoiding passive smoking in pregnancy for mothers could reduce the possibility of delivering SGA infants. Other than at home or at workplace, problem of passive smoking in other places should also be brought up.