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Abstract Background Modernisation and urbanisation have led to lifestyle changes and increasing risks for chronic diseases in China. Physical activity and sedentary behaviours among rural populations need to be better understood, as the rural areas are undergoing rapid transitions. This study assessed levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviours of farming and non-farming adults in rural Suixi, described activity differences between farming and non-farming seasons, and examined correlates of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and TV viewing. Methods A random sample of rural adults (n = 287) in Suixi County, Guangdong, China were surveyed in 2009 by trained interviewers. Questionnaires assessed multiple physical activities and sedentary behaviours, and their correlates. Analysis of covariance compared activity patterns across occupations, and multiple logistic regressions assessed correlates of LTPA and TV viewing. Quantitative data analyses were followed by community consultation for validation and interpretation of findings. Results Activity patterns differed by occupation. Farmers were more active through their work than other occupations, but were less active and more sedentary during the non-farming season than the farming season. Rural adults in Suixi generally had a low level of LTPA and a high level of TV viewing. Marital status, household size, social modelling for LTPA and owning sports equipment were significantly associated with LTPA but not with TV time. Most findings were validated through community consultation. Conclusions For chronic disease prevention, attention should be paid to the currently decreasing occupational physical activity and increasing sedentary behaviours in rural China. Community and socially-based initiatives provide opportunities to promote LTPA and prevent further increase in sedentary behaviours.

Background The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has turned into a global catastrophic public health crisis, and the conclusion about the risk factors of hospital death in COVID-19 patients is not uniform. Objective To explore risk factors of in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19 by a meta-analysis. Methods Case-control studies about risk factors of in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients were searched from databases of the Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Medline, Wanfang Data, CNKI and CQVIP from inception to October 1, 2021. Literature screening, data extraction and methodological quality assessment were conducted. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.1. Meta-regression was used to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. Results Eighty studies were included which involving 405 157 cases〔349 923 were survivors (86.37%) , and 55 234 deaths (13.63%) 〕, that were rated as being of high quality by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis showed that being male〔OR=1.49, 95%CI (1.41, 1.57) , P

:In paper, recycled Al-1.15Mg-1.02Si-0.7Cu alloy was optical prepared by meiting and casting, the microstructural evolution of the alloy were analyzed by using optical nicroscopy(OM), scanning e!ectron microscopy (SEM), e!ectron back scattered diffraciion(EBSD) and transmission e!ectron nicroscope(TEM),the effects of heal treatment on the mechanical and corrosionlresistant properties of the extruded proUes were invesiigated. The results show that the recrystaliization of the alloy was competed by soiid solution at 550C and fine equaaxaal crystass were obtanned. The iime required for the alloys to reach peak hardness under artificia1 aging cond!tions at 155,175 and 195 C was 18,8 and 4 h, respectively, and the peak hardnesses were 132.96 HV,132. 94 HV and 132.22 HV, respectively, wtth the extruded profiles obtanning the highest tensle strength of 410. 42 MPa and higher elongation of 14. 75% under aging cond!tions at 175 C/8 h. The optimizedsoid solution process ss 550 C/1 hand the artifidal aging process ss 175 C/8 h. The tendency of the alloy to intergranular corrosion ss more pronounced,and the alloy corrodes most severely under peakaged cond!tions, followed by over-aged and weakest underaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cells, as an emerging high-efficiency and low-cost photovoltaic technology.sup.1-6, face obstacles on their way towards commercialization. Substantial improvements have been made to device stability.sup.7-10, but potential issues with lead toxicity and leaching from devices remain relatively unexplored.sup.11-16. The potential for lead leakage could be perceived as an environmental and public health risk when using perovskite solar cells in building-integrated photovoltaics.sup.17-23. Here we present a chemical approach for on-device sequestration of more than 96 per cent of lead leakage caused by severe device damage. A coating of lead-absorbing material is applied to the front and back sides of the device stack. On the glass side of the front transparent conducting electrode, we use a transparent lead-absorbing molecular film containing phosphonic acid groups that bind strongly to lead. On the back (metal) electrode side, we place a polymer film blended with lead-chelating agents between the metal electrode and a standard photovoltaic packing film. The lead-absorbing films on both sides swell to absorb the lead, rather than dissolve, when subjected to water soaking, thus retaining structural integrity for easy collection of lead after damage. Using lead-absorbing materials to coat the front and back of perovskite solar cells can prevent lead leaching from damaged devices, without affecting the device performance or long-term operation stability., Author(s): Xun Li [sup.1] , Fei Zhang [sup.2] , Haiying He [sup.1] [sup.4] , Joseph J. Berry [sup.3] , Kai Zhu [sup.2] , Tao Xu [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Department [...]

Background: Preterm infants presented a high prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), while the optimal screening pattern is still under debate. This study aimed at evaluating the characteristics of thyroid function by conducting weekly screening during the first month of life in very preterm infants (VPIs) to achieve timely diagnosis and treatment of CH. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out on VPIs born with gestational age (GA) <32 weeks (w) and admitted to the participating institutes from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2022. Serial serum thyroid hormone levels were measured weekly within the first month after birth, and at 36 w of corrected age, or before discharge. Datasets for serial thyroid hormone levels and general information were obtained. Results: A total of 5992 VPIs were enrolled in this study, of which 456 (7.6%) [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.9–8.3%] were diagnosed with CH. The incidence of CH increased with lower GA, moving from 4.8% [CI, 3.4–6.1%] at GA 31 w to 16.9% [CI, 8.3–25.4%] at GA <26 w. Among the CH subjects, 57.7% [CI, 53.1–62.2%] were identified after the first screening and classified as delayed thyrotropin elevation (dTSH). With the decrease of GA, the proportion of dTSH also increased, moving from 38.1% [CI, 27.5–48.7%] at GA 31 w to 82.6% [CI, 65.8–99.4%] at GA <26 w. Through conducting weekly screening of thyroid function, it was remarkable that only 42.3% [CI, 37.8–46.9%] of CH subjects were diagnosed during the first screening. The cumulative rate of CH identified by rescreening performed at the second, third, and fourth week was 76.1% [CI, 72.2–80.0%], 90.6% [CI, 87.9–93.3%], and 98.9% [CI, 97.9–99.9%], respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of CH and dTSH both increase with lower GA in VPIs. Dynamic screening of thyroid function by weeks within the first month of life is crucial for the timely diagnosis and treatment of CH in VPIs, and it might effectively reduce the implications of missed diagnosis and delayed treatment. Clinical Trials Registration: ChiCTR1900025234 and ChiCTR2000037918 (Registration number). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]