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Donkey milk has high nutritional and medicinal value, but there are few researches in donkey milk traits, especially on genome. The whole lactation of 89 donkeys was recorded and it was found that Xinjiang donkey had good lactation performance while great differences among individuals. In our previous study, four genes including LGALS2, NUMB, ADCY8 and CA8 were identified as milk-associated with Chinese Kazakh house, based on Equine 670k Chip genomic analysis. And then 15 SNPs of the four key genes were conducted for genotyping in Xinjiang donkey in this study, one of Chinese indigenous breed, 14 SNPs were successful classified. And those SNPs were correlation analysis with milk yield of Xinjiang donkeys. The results showed that NUMB g.46709914T > G was significantly correlated with daily milk yield of Xinjiang donkey in the early, middle, and late periods, while ADCY8 g.48366302T > C, CA8 g.89567442T > G and CA8 g.89598328T > A were significantly correlated with lactation in the late periods. These results indicate that NUMB g.46709914T > G can be as markers of candidate genes for lactating traits in donkeys, SNPs of ADCY8 and CA8 as potential. Our findings will not only help confirm key genes for donkey milk traits, but also provide future for genomic selection in donkeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LncRNAs have recently received special attention due to their critical role in many important biological processes. There are few reports on its regulatory function in sheep fat deposition. In this study, two sheep populations with different tail types in Xinjiang, Bashibai sheep (fat-tailed) and the hybrid population of Bashibai sheep and wild argali (small-tailed) were selected for whole transcriptome sequencing from their tail tissues. First, 728 differentially expressed LncRNAs of tail fat between Bashibai and F2 sheep were identified by RNA-seq. Second, the tissue expression profile and relative expression difference between Bashibai and F2 sheep of 2 of 728 DE LncRNAs were analyzed by RT-PCR. LncRNA-MSTRG.24995 was highly expressed in tail fat, while lncRNA-MSTRG.36913 was highly expressed in subcutaneous fat. In addition, the expressions of LncRNA-MSTRG.24995 and LncRNA-MSTRG.36913 in tail fat of F2 sheep were significantly lower than that of Bashibai sheep, while those patterns in longissimus dorsi, quadriceps femoris and rumen were reversed. Third, the expression pattern of target genes FASN and THRSP in each tissue was similar with that of corresponding LncRNAs. The LncRNA-MSTRG.24995 directly affects tail fat deposition by FASN gene, while the LncRNA-MSTRG.36913 indirectly affects that by THRSP gene. This will help us to understand molecular mechanism of fat tail deposition from transcriptomic perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very preterm infants and establish a nomogram model for predicting the risk of NEC. Methods A total of 752 very preterm infants who were hospitalized from January 2015 to December 2021 were enrolled as subjects, among whom 654 were born in 2015-2020 (development set) and 98 were born in 2021 (validation set). According to the presence or absence of NEC, the development set was divided into two groups: NEC (n=77) and non-NEC (n=577). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors for NEC in very preterm infants. R software was used to plot the nomogram model. The nomogram model was then validated by the data of the validation set. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, and the calibration curve were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram model, and the clinical decision curve was used to assess the clinical practicability of the model. Results The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that neonatal asphyxia, sepsis, shock, hypoalbuminemia, severe anemia, and formula feeding were independent risk factors for NEC in very preterm infants (P<0.05). The ROC curve of the development set had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.833 (95%CI: 0.7150.952), and the ROC curve of the validation set had an AUC of 0.826 (95%CI: 0.797-0.862), suggesting that the nomogram model had a good discriminatory ability. The calibration curve analysis and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed good accuracy and consistency between the predicted value of the model and the actual value. Conclusions Neonatal asphyxia, sepsis, shock, hypoalbuminemia, severe anemia, and formula feeding are independent risk factors for NEC in very preterm infant. The nomogram model based on the multivariate logistic regression analysis provides a quantitative, simple, and intuitive tool for early assessment of the development of NEC in very preterm infants in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has been conducted on the tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole-2-ones and hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2(3H)-ones. The syntheses of these optically active compounds has been carried out and the details are reported.

Research has been conducted on the unsymmetrical imidazolidines. The synthesis of these imidazolidines has been carried out via the Mannich reactions of 1,2-ethanediamines with benzotriazole and formaldehyde and the following benzotriazolyl group substitution with C-, S- and P-nucleophiles.

Research has been conducted on the 1,4-benzothiazepines and 1,4-benzoxazepines. The benzotriazole methodology developed for the synthesis of these compounds is described.

A simple and efficient synthetic route for the synthesis of fused polycyclic ring systems of pyrrolo- and indoloisoquinolinones by intramolecular cyclization reactions is presented. The polycyclic quinolinones are components of natural products and also are biologically active.

The synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted pyrrolidin-2-ones occurs via the 5-benzotriazolyl-1-substituted-pyrrolidin-2-ones reacting with allylsilanes, organozinc reagents, and phosphorous compounds. Data indicate that the yield ranges from 70% to 84%.

This article describes novel synthetic routes for the syntheses of 1-phenyl-5-substituted-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-alpha]imidazoles and -phenyl-5-substituted-octahydroimidazol[1,2-alpha]pyridines using the benzotriazole methodology. The intermolecular condensation products produce intermediate synthons, which in turn react with Grignard reagents, alylsilanes, silyl ethers, and triethyl phosphite yielding the title compounds.

The synthesis of indolizines and pyrrol[2,1-alpha]isoquinolines from N-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)alkyl]pyridinium and 2-(benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)isoquinolinium salts is described. Yields are excellent, many intermediates can be used without purification, and no oxidant is needed if 1-bromoethylenes are used as the reactant.

Research has been conducted on the N-substituted hexahydropyrimidines and N,N'-disubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolines. The method of these compound preparation via the benzotriazolyl intermediates has been developed and the details are reported.

Research has been conducted on pyrrole or 1-methylpyrrole. The authors report that the reactions of these compounds with N-acylbenzotriazoles in the presence of TiCl (sub)4 gives 2-acylpyrroles.

Research has been conducted on 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]indoles. The authors discuss the synthesis of these compounds carried out via cyclocondensation of 2-(3-methyl-1H-indol-1-yl)ethylamine with benzotriazole and formaldehyde.