Search

To evaluate the fermentation potential of Guizhou’s specialty fruits, the contents of organic acids and polyphenols juices in juices and laboratory prepared wines from crystal grapes, brier grapes, kiwifruits, golden prickly pears and blueberries grown in Guizhou were analyzed and compared with those of commercial wines. The results showed that the contents of organic acids and polyphenols varied significantly among the five fruit juices, with the highest contents of organic acids (72.30 g/L), total phenols (2 457.16 mg/L), and tannins (1 112.84 mg/L) being found in golden prickly pear juice and the lowest values (organic acids 7.63 g/L, total phenols 8.52 mg/L, and tannins 7.45 mg/L) in crystal grape juice. During the fermentation process, the contents of organic acids and polyphenols changed. The content of total organic acids significantly decreased in all wine samples, the contents of total phenols and anthocyanins increased in blueberry and brier grape wine, and the contents of total phenols and tannins decreased in kiwifruit and golden prickly pear wine but did not change significantly in crystal grape wine. Resveratrol was only detected in commercial red wine and blueberry wine at low levels ranging from 0.29 to 5.98 mg/L. Compared with commercial wines, laboratory prepared golden prickly pear wine had higher contents of organic acids, total phenols and tannins, and laboratory prepared kiwifruit wine had higher contents of organic acids. The anthocyanin content in laboratory prepared brier grape wine was the highest, which was two to three times higher than that of all commercial wines. To sum up, each of the specialty fruits from Guizhou has their own unique characteristics in the composition of organic acids and polyphenols, and their organic acid and polyphenol composition change differently after fermentation into wine. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection of different technological methods such as maceration in wine processing from Guizhou’s specialty fruits and for the design of wine body from mixed fruit juices.

Sarcopenia is a serious health concern that must be payed attention by aged people. The occurrence of sarcopenia in obese older individuals may be intricately linked to lipotoxic substances such as free fatty acids (FFA), diacylglycerols (DAG), and ceramides, which are toxic to skeletal muscle cells. Lipotoxic substances induce inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells, disrupting protein metabolism and impairing regeneration and then lead to the onset of sarcopenia. Up to the present, the precise mechanisms by which lipotoxicity in skeletal muscle results in the development of sarcopenia remain incompletely understood. Further research may highlight the orientation for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.

Structures of complex networks are fundamental to system dynamics, where node state and connectivity patterns determine the cost of a control system, a key aspect in unraveling complexity. However, minimizing the energy required to control a system with the fewest input nodes remains an open problem. This study investigates the relationship between the structure of closed-connected function modules and control energy. We discovered that small structural adjustments, such as adding a few extended driver nodes, can significantly reduce control energy. Thus, we propose MInimal extended driver nodes in Energetic costs Reduction (MIER). Next, we transform the detection of MIER into a multi-objective optimization problem and choose an NSGA-II algorithm to solve it. Compared with the baseline methods, NSGA-II can approximate the optimal solution to the greatest extent. Through experiments using synthetic and real data, we validate that MIER can exponentially decrease control energy. Furthermore, random perturbation tests confirm the stability of MIER. Subsequently, we applied MIER to three representative scenarios: regulation of differential expression genes affected by cancer mutations in the human protein–protein interaction network, trade relations among developed countries in the world trade network, and regulation of body-wall muscle cells by motor neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans nervous network. The results reveal that the involvement of MIER significantly reduces control energy required for these original modules from a topological perspective. Additionally, MIER nodes enhance functionality, supplement key nodes, and uncover potential mechanisms. Overall, our work provides practical computational tools for understanding and presenting control strategies in biological, social, and neural systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edwardsiella piscicida is an important fish pathogen that causes substantial economic losses. In order to understand its pathogenic mechanism, additional new virulence factors need to be identified. The bacterial thioredoxin system is a major disulfide reductase system, but its function is largely unknown in E. piscicida. In this study, we investigated the roles of the thioredoxin system in E. piscicida (named TrxBEp, TrxAEp, and TrxCEp, respectively) by constructing a correspondingly markerless in-frame mutant strain: ΔtrxB, ΔtrxA, and ΔtrxC, respectively. We found that (i) TrxBEp is confirmed as an intracellular protein, which is different from the prediction made by the Protter illustration; (ii) compared to the wild-type strain, ΔtrxB exhibits resistance against H2O2 stress but high sensitivity to thiol-specific diamide stress, while ΔtrxA and ΔtrxC are moderately sensitive to both H2O2 and diamide conditions; (iii) the deletions of trxBEp, trxAEp, and trxCEp damage E. piscicida's flagella formation and motility, and trxBEp plays a decisive role; (iv) deletions of trxBEp, trxAEp, and trxCEp substantially abate bacterial resistance against host serum, especially trxBEp deletion; (v) trxAEp and trxCEp, but not trxBEp, are involved in bacterial survival and replication in phagocytes; (vi) the thioredoxin system participates in bacterial dissemination in host immune tissues. These findings indicate that the thioredoxin system of E. piscicida plays an important role in stress resistance and virulence, which provides insight into the pathogenic mechanism of E. piscicida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the fresh leaves of the Yunnan large-leaf species were taken as the material, the aroma characteristics and components of Yunnan black teas subjected to seven different withering processes were analyzed by sensory evaluation and electronic nose technique. The electronic nose analysis showed that the total contribution rates were 98.423% for the dry tea aroma, 99.948% for the tea soup aroma, and 99.948% for the leaf base aroma in the principal component analysis (PCA), with the dry tea aroma being more useful for distinguishing Yunnan black teas subjected to different withering processes compared with the tea soup aroma and leaf base aroma. In the sensor differential contribution analysis (loadings analysis), W1S (methyl group), W1C (aromatic components, benzene), W2S (alcohols, aldehydes and ketones) and W5S (nitrogen oxides) played major roles in the aroma differentiation of black tea, and they may be the main components causing the aroma differences of Yunnan black teas subjected to different withering processes. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the WM7 large-leaf Yunnan black tea (natural withering indoors, 24 h, 17 °C ±2 °C, relative humidity 70%±5%, leaf thickness 2 cm) had the best overall sensory quality with an orange-red bright soup color, sweet and rich aroma, mellow taste and floral and fruit aromas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]