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Emissions from the road transport sector are a major contributor to the climate change. Commonly used heavy vehicles powered by diesel engines emit toxic and harmful compounds that adversely affect the environment. For this reason, increasingly newer Euro emission standards are being introduced. Therefore, the emission performance of heavy-duty vehicles used in the transportation processes of diverse loads was investigated. The first research object was a set of vehicles equipped with a crane used for loading and unloading timber. The measurements were carried out in a specially designed research test reflecting the way the vehicle is used. It consisted of the drive to the loading site, the transport of timber to the destination and the processes of loading and unloading timber. The test route included driving on both unpaved forest roads and asphalt roads. The second research object was a set of vehicles used in long-distance road transport. The research route characterizing the traffic of vehicles from the cited group was selected here. There were three stages of the route–urban, extra-urban and highway. The whole trip was carried out with a load of 24,800 kg. The testing equipment consisted of SEMTECH DS and AVL Micro Soot Sensor devices belonging to the PEMS (Portable Emission Measurement System) group. Based on the obtained results, the influence of the operating conditions on the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently in Europe, road freight transport is characterized by the most dynamic advancement. Year after year, we may observe an increase in the amount of transported goods. The paper presents the emissions of gaseous exhaust components such as CO, THC, and NOx as well as fuel consumption in freight transport. The emission analysis was performed for the entire transport cycle covering the handling of the goods with forklifts and carriage with a heavy-duty truck. The investigations were performed under actual conditions of operation using a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS). The fuel mileage was determined using the carbon balance method. The test routes were designed so as to reproduce the transport-logistic system typical of small towns. The setting for the tests was a town located in central Poland near the A2 motorway constituting part of the trans-European logistic network with multiple locations of logistic centers. In order to present the real emissions during handling, two test variants were considered: an outdoor variant (on a nearby lot) and inside a warehouse. The test run of the heavy-duty truck involved transporting 24,000 kg of load on urban and extra-urban (local and intercity) roads. The exhaust emissions and fuel mileage were determined for each of the stages as well as for the entire research cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emissions from the road transport sector are a major contributor to the climate change. Commonly used heavy vehicles powered by diesel engines emit toxic and harmful compounds that adversely affect the environment. For this reason, increasingly newer Euro emission standards are being introduced. Therefore, the emission performance of heavy-duty vehicles used in the transportation processes of diverse loads was investigated. The first research object was a set of vehicles equipped with a crane used for loading and unloading timber. The measurements were carried out in a specially designed research test reflecting the way the vehicle is used. It consisted of the drive to the loading site, the transport of timber to the destination and the processes of loading and unloading timber. The test route included driving on both unpaved forest roads and asphalt roads. The second research object was a set of vehicles used in long-distance road transport. The research route characterizing the traffic of vehicles from the cited group was selected here. There were three stages of the route–urban, extra-urban and highway. The whole trip was carried out with a load of 24,800 kg. The testing equipment consisted of SEMTECH DS and AVL Micro Soot Sensor devices belonging to the PEMS (Portable Emission Measurement System) group. Based on the obtained results, the influence of the operating conditions on the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption was determined.

Currently in Europe, road freight transport is characterized by the most dynamic advancement. Year after year, we may observe an increase in the amount of transported goods. The paper presents the emissions of gaseous exhaust components such as CO, THC, and NOx as well as fuel consumption in freight transport. The emission analysis was performed for the entire transport cycle covering the handling of the goods with forklifts and carriage with a heavy-duty truck. The investigations were performed under actual conditions of operation using a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS). The fuel mileage was determined using the carbon balance method. The test routes were designed so as to reproduce the transport-logistic system typical of small towns. The setting for the tests was a town located in central Poland near the A2 motorway constituting part of the trans-European logistic network with multiple locations of logistic centers. In order to present the real emissions during handling, two test variants were considered: an outdoor variant (on a nearby lot) and inside a warehouse. The test run of the heavy-duty truck involved transporting 24,000 kg of load on urban and extra-urban (local and intercity) roads. The exhaust emissions and fuel mileage were determined for each of the stages as well as for the entire research cycle.

Purpose: Fuel economy and emissions of heavy-duty trucks greatly vary based on vehicular/environmental conditions. Large-scale infrastructure construction projects require a large amount of material/equipment transportation. Single-parameter generic hauling models may not be the best option for an accurate estimation of hauling contribution in life cycle assessment (LCA) involving construction projects; therefore, more precise data and parameterized models are required to represent this contribution. This paper discusses key environmental/operational variables and their impact on transportation of materials and equipment; a variable-impact transportation (VIT) model accounting for these variables was developed to predict environmental impacts of hauling. Methods: The VIT model in the form of multi-nonlinear regression equations was developed based on simulations using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) to compute all the impact categories in EPA's TRACI 2.1 and energy consumption of transportation. Considering actual driving cycles of hauling trucks recorded during a pavement rehabilitation project, the corresponding environmental impacts were calculated, and sensitivity analyses were performed. In addition, an LCA case study based on historical pavement reconstruction projects in Illinois was conducted to analyze the contribution of transportation and variability of its impacts during the pavements' life cycle. Results and discussion: The importance of vehicle driving cycles was realized from simulation results. The case study results showed that considering driving cycles using the VIT model could increase the contribution of hauling in total life cycle Global Warming Potential (GWP) and total life cycle GWP itself by 2–4 and 3–5%, respectively. In addition to GWP, ranges of other hauling-related impact categories including Smog, Ozone Depletion, Acidification, and Primary Energy Demand from fuel were presented based on the case study. Ozone Depletion ranged from 9 to 45%, and Smog ranged from 11 to 48% of the total relevant life cycle impacts. The GWP contribution of hauling in pavement LCA ranged between 5 and 32%. The results indicate that the contribution of hauling transportation can be significant in pavement LCA. Conclusions: For large-scale roadway infrastructure construction projects that need a massive amount of material transportation, high fidelity models and data should be used especially for comparative LCAs that can be used as part of decision making between alternatives. The VIT model provides a simple analytical platform to include the critical vehicular/operational variables without any dependence on an external software; the model can also be incorporated in those studies where some of the transportation activity data are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]