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This study fills a significant research gap in Malaysian government-led homeownership and affordability. Centered on crucial market attributes influencing these initiatives, insights from low-income groups were obtained. The primary aim of this study was to assess the importance of various market attributes on government homeownership initiatives in Malaysia. The data were collected from low-income groups using a structured questionnaire, providing valuable insights into the unique challenges faced by this demographic. A Relative Importance Index (RII) was employed to analyze the data, revealing that Financial Market Factors, Household Financial Capacity, Housing Affordability and Accessibility, and Government Housing Policies were the market attributes of the highest importance in shaping government homeownership efforts. The results of the exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the Financial Market Factor was the most influential component, as indicated by its mean rank. This study sought to incorporate the valuable perspectives of respondents regarding integrating future value into financing models. Respondents' opinions reflected a significant level of support for such innovative approaches. This study examines the crucial market attributes influencing government homeownership initiatives in Malaysia. The findings underline the potential of incorporating future value into financing models to enhance housing affordability for low-income groups and promote broader homeownership objectives.

With the rapid spread of telecommuting since the COVID-19 pandemic, companies have been relocating to high-end business centers, thereby enhancing the workplace experience for employees, a phenomenon called the "flight to quality." However, this trend’s impact on rents and vacancy rates in individual office buildings has not been extensively studied. To determine the effects of the flight-to-quality phenomenon on individual buildings, we examine the impact of modern amenities, which directly influence employee lifestyles, on rents and vacancy rates in the Tokyo office market. Using a propensity score-based quasi-experimental method, we find that commercial properties with such modern amenities command higher rents and experience lower vacancy rates than those without. The difference in vacancy rates has increased since 2020. However, the significance of these amenities diminishes for properties less competitive in age, size, and location. The results indicate that the "flight to quality" may further polarize the office real estate market into two categories: one for high-end buildings experiencing increasing demand, and another for those with modest amenities experiencing decreasing demand. The findings have implications for office building owners/investors and the government, make educated decisions as to whether to invest in modern amenities, join the quality competition, or encourage urban restructuring.

The article applies the method of historical research, using a temporal perspective dating back to 1985, to trace the evolution of market valuation principles for real estate in Poland. These principles evolved similarly to those in many other post-socialist countries, influenced by political and socio-economic transformations and the resulting list of objectives for which these values became essential. The changing legal regulations allowing for the emergence and development of a free real estate market played a decisive role in this process. It was also a period of preparing real estate valuation professionals to meet these requirements. Today, the methodology of valuation, under increasing pressure from various real estate market entities and the rapid advancement of intelligent data collection and processing technologies, is undergoing further evolution. In many countries, including Poland, lively discussions and disputes are ongoing regarding the legal authorization of statistical tools and automated valuation models in valuation practice. These possibilities are being considered particularly in the context of mass property valuations for tax purposes. The methodology involves the analysis of Polish legal provisions, foreign literature, and documents proving the gradual marketization of valuation principles.

The idea of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) was to foster urban development around railway networks and has been strategically built and applied since the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Previous studies reported positive, negative, or irrelevant impact of TOD on prices of surrounding real estate. The study aims to evaluate the impact of TOD on property prices in Kuala Lumpur. It utilizes secondary data obtained from the National Property Information Centre (NAPIC), Malaysia, after data cleaning, Nine Thousand Five Hundred and Forty-Nine (9549) Housing Transactions between the periods 2009 and 2018 were used. The research design was quantitative, and the Hedonic Price Model (log-log model) was used for data analysis. The model revealed a multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.891 and an adjusted R2 value of 0.794, indicating that 79.4% of the house price variation is explained by the model. The F value of 996.921, which is statistically significant, indicates that the predictors significantly combine to predict the price of TOD areas in Kuala Lumpur. The coefficient for LnTrainsta is 0.056, indicating that there was a positive relationship between residential house prices and TOD in Kuala Lumpur; this explains that house prices increase by 5.6% for every 100 meter closer to the rail transit station.

The assessment of income-producing properties - considered as the bulk of the existing assets - has rapidly increased. An efficient assessment of the market value of this kind of properties requires an adequate involvement of the main risk factors of the local real estate market for the determination of the capitalization rate for the income approach application. The aim of the work is to identify the most significant local real estate risk factors related to the market, the tenant and the context on the residential capitalization rate. The development of a regressive methodological approach applied to the residential sector of the city of Rome (Italy) is proposed. The obtained results show the susceptibility of the analyzed capitalization rate to the variation of the local real estate risk factors, in particular the per capita income and the variation of the rental values, by also considering the influences of the exogenous shocks and the expectation of the investors. The practical implications of the work consist in the possibility for evaluators to assess the likely changes in the capitalization rate in different residential contexts if variations occur in the most influential local risk factors identified by the proposed model.

The issues of “real estate management” (REM) and “real estate valuation” (REV) are very important from the perspective of the economic development of any country. This is because they refer to one of the most important factors of production, which is real estate. The article assumes that REV is all the processes that allow for valuation, while REM is all the processes that allow for the management and administration of real estate. Both of these processes were referred to the “real estate market cycle” (REMC) and the “real estate lifecycle” (REL). The article analyzed 365 articles published in the Journal of Real Estate Management and Valuation (REMV) (eISSN: 2300-5289). The article is a review paper and has been prepared as part of a summary of scientific research carried out between 2013 and 2022.

This article evaluates online social behavior regarding the establishment of limited-use areas (LUAs) around the airports in Warsaw and Gdansk. The study relied mainly on an analysis of Google Trends statistics, in particular the dynamics of keyword searches. The article suggests that assessments of online behavior can provide a deeper understanding of social behavior. The study involved an OLS regression analysis and a causal impact analysis of the intervention based on a Bayesian structural time-series model. This article analyses different phases of an information society's activity, from the introduction of LUAs around airports to the deadline for submitting compensation claims. The results indicate that the number of searches for the keyword "compensation" increased significantly after the introduction of LUAs and that RSV decreased after the end of the compensation process, which confirms that the intervention significantly influenced the analyzed time series.

The identification of the scope of the limited property law (that is transmission easement), as well as the taking of appropriate actions, has become difficult. The far from sufficient implementation of rules has led to numerous disputes, the resolution of which has been sought in court. Very generalized legal bases, interpretation of regulations and the acceptance of the rulings of common courts have made the development of operating procedures possible and have determined the persons participating in performing work related to transmission easement.

Urban and suburban transport within Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) is now considered an integrated system. In these regions, many residents commute from the suburbs to the city daily for work, education, and social purposes. Transport planning must consider these dynamics to ensure consistent and convenient connections between the city and its suburbs. This article stresses the need for a standardized tool to collect data on transport management models in FUAs across 38 OECD-affiliated countries.

This paper employs the econometric models of relationships over time to evaluate the change in the unit prices of apartments on the local secondary markets in Warsaw and Szczecin, depending on various socioeconomic factors. Indicators reflecting the influence of socioeconomic aspects in these cities and the lagged values of housing prices, acting as so-called anchors in this model, were used as the independent variables.

The whole world is experiencing the impact of climate change, with an increase in the severity and frequency of water-related hazards and risks at different territorial levels. Consequently, enhancing territorial resilience and reducing these risks have emerged as one of today’s biggest challenges. Within this context, policymakers and planners need robust and transparent decision-making tools to effectively solve and rapidly respond to water-related hazards. This paper reviews the literature on these issues with the aim of providing a systematic overview of the current assessment of water-related hazards and risks. This review can afford an in-depth understanding of the role of evaluation methods in supporting policymakers in the design of cost-effective risk management strategies. We first provide an overview of the procedures for the assessment of hydrological and hydrogeological hazards and risks. We then identify gaps in current evaluation methods, particularly in terms of the economic consequences of these risks. Finally, we list the criteria from the literature that can be successfully adopted to assess water-related risks and to evaluate mitigation actions and interventions. Our findings reveal that significant advances are still needed to improve the robustness of the evaluation of the economic and financial impacts of water-related risks. The study can offer some important insights into decision-making and management processes for water-related risks, as well as a guide for future research focused on the multidimensionality of these issues.

We provide a novel algorithm, called Valuto, for the fair valuation of real estate market values. The algorithm is based on the selling prices (or adjusted asking prices) of properties located in well-defined areas (microzones) of a territory. The algorithm takes into consideration the peculiar features of each individual property (cadastral typology, maintenance, presence or absence of an elevator, floor level, energy efficiency rating, gross and conventional surface area) and, based on well-defined conversion tables, recalculates its value. The algorithm could serve a variety of purposes in social applications, from the long sought-after land registry reform to a fair valuation of mortgaged properties. It also has an appealing marketable potential for real estate instant-buyers. In this paper, we describe the full implementation of the algorithm and provide guidelines on its application to the above-mentioned scopes. The algorithm is implemented via a user-friendly, testable web application at www.valuto.org.

The ACCRUAL reform outlined by the implementation of the EU Council Directive 2011/85/EU for defining accounting principles and standards in public administrations also involves Italian artistic and cultural heritage assets. In the Next Generation EU (National Recovery and Resilience Plan), cultural heritage and culture, in general, are considered as determinants of development from a recovery perspective. Thus, the idea of cultural heritage as a bundle of values and as a mean for sustainable growth, human development, and quality of life has been consolidated. Within such a context, this contribution aims to stimulate reflection on the economic and financial dimension of cultural heritage in the public administrations’ balance sheets and on the contribution that the discipline of Appraisal and Evaluation can provide to defining the methodological framework necessary for estimating their value. Starting from the acknowledgement of the coexistence of a plurality of values characterizing cultural heritage, particular attention has been paid to the economic dimension of Heritage and the evaluation challenges the accounting principles have introduced consistently with the Italian position in the process of defining the conceptual framework and the accounting guidelines.

The paper documents some of the results of the research program Smart Yard: Industry 4.0 Production Process aimed at reducing inefficiencies in construction site procedures by developing new management methods supported by digitisation processes that can memorise and monitor computational data and guide them towards specific purposes of production processes optimisation. In particular, the aim of the study is to propose evolved, highly efficient and innovative organisational and information management models that enable more reliable control of processes in the construction sector, mitigating unavoidable uncertainties while pursuing a more rational use of resources. The products developed to support the programme include two newly designed pieces of equipment with advanced functions, which can be configured as examples of site management systems such as a “smart factory” in the logic of Industry 4.0, illustrated below. One is a high-performance charging system for power banks to be used with portable power tools, while the other concerns a work standing desk that employs wireless communication protocols to dialogue with other devices at the construction site.

In Italy, over the last twenty years, the debate surrounding development rights as tools available for urban planning has undergone a significant acceleration. Development rights have been unanimously regarded by jurists and urban planners as the acknowledgment of the collective’s right to build granted during the planning phase. However, it has also been unanimously assumed that development rights exhaust their meaning and effects at the moment of their utilization, namely when they are transformed into a building. This study aims to demonstrate, on the contrary, how development rights remain valid and unchanged within an unlimited time horizon, far exceeding the lifespan of the produced building itself, remaining unaffected by the physical transformations occurring over time. This characteristic, provocatively termed the «buildability conservation principle» has relevant effects on individual behaviors, urban and territorial policies, regeneration policies and property taxation.The first part of the study analyzes the definition of development rights and their legal effects; the second part argues for the conservation principle with specific reference to its effects on legitimacy and certain associated rights; the third part examines the framework of taxation and its effects on urban policies. The conclusions outline several potential paths of work and discussion concerning the topic.

The use of Neural Networks in real estate appraisal has been recently subject of renewed interest by the scientific community. Generally, their effective use requires the availability of a large database, otherwise facing the real risk, even with an excellent performance on the «training set», of obtaining unsatisfactory generalisation properties (the so called over fitting effect). The well-known multiple regression models (MRAs), on the other side, require fewer parameters for their optimisation but are unable to capture complex nonlinear relationships. Since large databases are usually difficult to find in the real estate market, MRA models often provide better results than Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Furthermore, the latter require considerable effort to be effectively trained, both in finding the best structure and in estimating the characterising parameters. The optimisation process that leads to an efficient neural network requires a long job as well as considerable computational capabilities. This contribution, after outlining the state of the art in the use of ANNs and confirming that the scarcity of real estate market data often turned out to be a serious obstacle in their concrete application, proposed an innovative algorithm for selecting the data used in the training process. Such an algorithm seems to be able to improve predictive performance: networks that seek to take full advantage of the information available for learning seem to have better abilities in generalising the behaviour of the underlying phenomenon than those that are trained with completely randomly selected data, as usually done in practice.

Architectures for health have a crucial role in collectivity: according to international ranking scores (for example, CEOWorld Magazine’s Health Care Index), in Italy, there are very advanced and well-functioning healthcare services, even though many facilities are old and obsolete, unorganized, dilapidated, and sometimes unsafe. It has been estimated that 60% of facilities have been built more than 40 years ago. Recent studies suggest that the service life of hospitals should be set around 60 years; after reaching this age, the structure must be redesigned. The present contribution analyses this “rule of thumb” in relation to its impact on user perception. It adopts a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method to assess the importance users attribute to the quality of the structure and the personnel working there. Specifically, 9 criteria have been selected, including extrinsic and intrinsic features not directly associated with the abovementioned issues. With this approach in mind, we analyzed the 10 best Italian hospitals’ structures and the quality of treatments. The contribution highlights a significant methodological gap in identifying the relationship between building characteristics and their effects on the service, which are often treated as separate. Thus, the research proposes an innovative method by placing users at the center of the evaluation of priorities. This is particularly crucial in healthcare facilities where all the individuals (patients and staff) and the systems’ processes affect each other. This research line has several possible results; here, it preliminarily involves questioning the 60-year-old threshold for providing highquality services in hospitals.

With the financialization of the real estate market, the application of the income approach through the Discounted Cash Flow Analysis (DCFA) for estimating the market value has significantly increased. In this income approach method, the Discount Rate (DR) is one of the factors that decisively affects the result. Despite the several procedures proposed for the estimation of the DR and the numerous parameters considered, the valuer is generally «forced» to the use of the risk premium as a corrective that takes into account the “communis aestimatio” borrowed for the assessment of the DR. Starting from these premises, the present research attempts to replicate the ordinary behavior that leads the valuer to the determination of DR and to outline a methodology that allows estimating a reliable and objective value of DR on the bases of the factors generally taken into consideration.

The energy transition towards an economic model based on energy from renewable sources is considered a priority of strategic importance for the development of the European Union and Italy. In this context, Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) represent an opportunity to accelerate the decarbonisation process, to increase energy self-consumption and to replace centralised and hierarchical power plants with distributed and collaborative ones. This study aims to analyse how decarbonisation objectives are incorporated into national and regional regulatory and financial instruments that support the establishment of RECs. Starting from the comparison between the characteristics of REC and those of other energy community models with respect to a plurality of spheres (specifically, environmental, legal, economic-financial, technical, social and administrative spheres), the study provides a systematised framework of the advantages/disadvantages that influence the decision to invest in setting up a REC, and identifies the main critical issues that must be differentially addressed by the promoters, depending on whether they are public or private actors, assessing them through a system of nomenclators obtained following a focus group of experts. Furthermore, the analysis of regulations and available data on active RECs showed that Local Administrations play a central role in the dissemination of RECs, but also that the implementation of a sustainable and inclusive energy transition in the territories is hindered by a low level of social participation due to lack of knowledge of the benefits provided by RECs as well as actual difficulties for citizens to access REC projects, especially in their role as promoters.

The issue of similarity in the real estate market is a widely recognized aspect of analysis, yet it remains underexplored in scientific research. This study aims to address this gap by introducing the concept of a Property Cognitive Information System (PCIS), which offers an innovative approach to analyzing similarity in the real estate market. The PCIS introduces non-classical and alternative solutions, departing from the conventional data analysis practices commonly employed in the real estate market. Moreover, the study delves into the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the PCIS. The paper highlights the value added by the PCIS, specifically discussing the validity of using automatic ML-based solutions to objectify the results of synergistic data processing in the real estate market. Furthermore, the article establishes a set of essential assumptions and recommendations that contribute to a well-defined and interpretable notion of similarity in the context of human-machine analyses. By exploring the intricacies of similarity in the real estate market through the innovative PCIS and AI-based solutions, this research seeks to broaden the understanding and applicability of data analysis techniques in this domain.

In recent years, machine learning algorithms have been used in the mass appraisal of real estate. In this study, 5 machine learning algorithms are used for residential type real estate. Machine learning algorithms used for mass appraisal in this study are Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Random Forest (RO), Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA), K-Nearest Neighborhood (k-nn), Support Vector Regression (SVR). To test the study, real estate data collected from the central districts of Ankara, were used. The main purpose of this study is to find out which machine learning algorithm gives the best results for the mass appraisal of real estates and to reveal the most important variables that affect the prices of real estate. According to the results obtained for the city of Ankara, it was observed that the best algorithm for mass appraisal is RF in residential-type real estates, followed by the ANN, k-nn, and linear regression algorithms, respectively. According to the results obtained from the residential real estate, it was concluded that heating and distances to places of importance had the greatest effect on the value.

In recent years, a lot of empirical effort has been made to search for potential nonlinear responses of house prices to various demand and supply factors. This paper examines Poland's heterogeneous regional housing market reactions to key economic variables from 2000 to 2022. The study raises two research questions related to the asymmetric adjustment of housing markets to selected demand and supply shocks.

Because land is an entity that possesses both biophysical and geophysical features, it can be subdivided into several land covers and put to a variety of diverse uses. In this study, transformation matrices are generated using JAXA map data in order to conduct an analysis of the inter-land variability. In Hanoi, data collection took place over the course of four years (1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020). According to Vietnam’s legislation, this timeframe is also equivalent to three phases of land use planning (LUP). According to the findings, the area of land used for urban development is expanding at a quick rate in this metropolitan region (by more than 13%), but the area used for rice production has experienced a significant decline (by approx. 23%). However, the pattern is not consistent from one planning period to the next. The research results are also linked to land use practices in Hanoi in the discussion section. This points to the compatibility with the current state of Vietnam’s linear economic growth in recent times, as well as negative issues, such as land waste and forecasts of spatial changes in Hanoi.

Low interest rates were introduced in the global economy to support the weak economic growth that followed the global financial crisis. In the real estate sector, low interest rates usually lead to a boom in investment and prices. This boom, however, is not spread throughout the economy, but rather concentrated in major cities. We demonstrate this phenomenon on the example of the office market in Warsaw (Poland). While it would be beneficial for the Polish economy to develop office space in smaller cities that have an insufficient supply of modern office space, investors have focused mainly on the capital. This has not only led to an increase in the cost of building land and construction, but has also pushed some relatively new existing office buildings off the market. We call such behaviour uncreative destruction and explain why it was possible.

The housing situation changes with the household formation cycle. Age, marital status and having children are key to explaining the tenure status of households. However, the question of what factors differentiate owners and tenants if they are at the same stage of household formation arises. Using the logit model method, the determinants of tenure status of Polish households in the same life cycle stages were compared. The study used EU-SILC data for 2018. It showed that both the determinants of housing choices and the strength of their impact differ. At the household formation stage, income and the size of the city are important determinants. At this stage, housing choice is limited due to the availability of the rental market and the need for young people, who migrate to larger cities, to become independent. At the stabilization stage, the source of inequality was the gender of the household head, education, health and marital status. It has been observed that entering into an informal relationship by divorced persons does not equalize their chances of homeownership.

In micro-level data concerning the housing market, the apartment quality may be signaled via textual statements or the attached descriptions/photos. It may be done using hard information related to the easier-to-measure structural characteristics or soft information related to the apartment condition and design - soft quality. This paper checks whether the choice of the approach to handling the issue of soft quality of apartments influences the properties of hedonic models and the course of hedonic rent indices. The study shows that hedonic models that account for soft quality have better statistical properties than those without soft-quality-related variables. Among them, the models that include the information on quality extracted from descriptions of apartments prove to be the best. Still, considerable differences in the indicated course of hedonic rent indices have not been detected. However, the paper concludes that utilizing information on apartments’ soft quality may be crucial to understanding the market adjustment process to economic shocks. It has been proven that the price reaction of the Poznań (Poland) rental market to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian aggression on Ukraine has been diversified in the quality-related market segments.

The paper aims to promote a model for determining residential land prices within a suburb of Hue city, Vietnam to improve the efficiency of land price determination and management. The study conducted surveys of 27 variables of 200 residential land plots in order to run the hedonic model using SPSS 26.0 software. The result developed a model that explained 78% of the change in land prices by incorporating five factors: area of land, width of road attached to the land plot, distance to hospital, ability to generate cash flow and planning information. Meanwhile, the writers also produced a map of residential land prices in the 2022 suburban areas of Hue city, Vietnam. This is a helpful tool in land market consulting and land valuation procedures.

Housing deprivation is a multidimensional concept that can be measured using various indicators. This study focuses on severe housing deprivation and its components – overcrowding and housing conditions problems. Severe housing deprivation means the failure to meet basic housing needs. Eurostat defines it as the simultaneous occurrence of overcrowding and housing conditions problems. All analyzed indicators of housing deprivation are based on European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EUSILC) 2019 survey data. The study covers households in Poland – a country facing serious problems of housing deprivation. In fact, three dimensions of housing deprivation are examined: experiencing only housing conditions problems, experiencing only overcrowding, and being severely housing deprived. The study aims to investigate the prevalence of three-dimensional housing deprivation and reveal which socioeconomic features of the household are associated with the analyzed phenomenon. To achieve these purposes, the multinomial logit model was used to assess the average marginal effects for explanatory variables. It was found that the significant factors associated with housing deprivation are tenure status, dwelling type, household income, average age of household members, their level of educational achievement, presence of disabled and unemployed people, and household type.

This research article explores the valuation of mixed-use developments and their impact on urban planning and city regeneration. The study introduces a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodology to analyze complex buildings developed in Shanghai from 2009 to 2019. Two MCDM appraisals are offered in different developments using three groups of key indicators that served as benchmarks for other Chinese clusters and global megacities. The article addresses two primary research questions: how mixed-use assets can be assessed using MCDM, and what the key performance indicators and factors contributing to the success of mixed-use developments are. The findings highlight the importance of connectivity, previous real estate experience, ESG strategies, international branding, architectural design, financial metrics, and adaptability of the real estate industry in evaluating mixed-use assets. The study provides insight to stakeholders involved in real estate development, including urban planners, developers, and investors, enabling them to make informed decisions and improve sustainable practices. The research also highlights the importance of considering ESG principles, community benefits, and long-term strategies when assessing mixed-use developments to drive social change and contribute to urban regeneration.

Представлено исследование методических подходов к формированию программ комплексного развития. Проведен мониторинг положений нормативных правовых актов по разработке и утверждению программ комплексного развития. Выявлены особенности нормативных требований к формированию программ комплексного развития различной отраслевой направленности, сделан вывод о приоритете отраслевого подхода. Отмечены главные недостатки действующей системы формирования программ комплексного развития и необходимость учета компонентов экономического и пространственного планирования. На основе предложенного комплексного подхода для Санкт-Петербурга выявлены зоны ответственности исполнительных органов государственной власти по подготовке и реализации программ комплексного развития, сделаны предложения по законодательному закреплению предложенного разграничения полномочий органов власти в части подготовки и утверждения программ комплексного развития. Представленные в статье разработки позволят на практике решать проблему по установлению порядка взаимодействия исполнительных органов государственной власти при формировании программ комплексного развития, т.е. решать проблему, имеющую важное социально-экономическое значение для России.

В статье рассматриваются вопросы выявления основных особенностей возведения объектов коммерческой недвижимости и деятельности строительных предприятий. Выявлены основные тенденции и подходы, которые необходимо использовать при возведении многофункциональных крупных объектов недвижимости (торговых центров) на рынке жилья. При проведении исследования были использованы следующие основные научные методы: «диалектический», «системный», «динамический», «вариантный», «балансовый», «моделирование». Информационной базой для анализа данной проблемы являются литературные источники по вопросам деятельности строительных организаций, научные статьи, монографии. Методологической основной при написании статьи послужили такие научные методы, как описание, классификация. Для эффективной работы предприятий при строительстве таких объектов на рынке жилья необходимо создание комплекса законодательных, правовых и экономических нормативов, проведение различных мероприятий на производственных процессах, которые направлены на возведение сложных и крупных однородных объектов в виде региональных групп в регионах, что наиболее полно учитывают интересы каждого участника процесса и позволяют влиять на все производственные процессы в условиях поточных форм организации и управления материальным производством на всех этапах жизненного цикла объекта недвижимости с целью его сокращения.

Устойчивое развитие городов и сельских поселений — одна из главных задач градостроительного планирования и проектирования, которая актуальна не только в России. В статье поднимаются вопросы обеспечения устойчивого развития городских территорий, а также основные проблемы, стоящие на пути достижения его целей, что является одной из наиболее актуальных тем современного техногенного общества. Определены критерии, необходимые для комплексной объективной оценки устойчивости развития городских территорий. На основе анализа многочисленных исследований теории устойчивого городского развития выделены пять основных закономерностей. Проведенный анализ показал, что применительно к урбанистическим представлениям, учет закономерностей городского развития территорий города снижает конкурентоспособность и инвестиционную привлекательность городской среды. В этой связи закономерности развития городских пространств имеют дуальную и экономическую природу, с одной стороны, учитываются особенности и разнообразие, экономической деятельности систем городского хозяйства, с другой, тенденции выравнивания и конвергенции устойчивого развития городских территорий. В исследовании дано пояснение сущности закономерностей социально-экономической и технологической системы города. Выделены основные закономерности городского развития как основы формирования нового управленческого функционала устойчивого развития городских территорий. Исследуя условия и принципы обеспечения устойчивого развития городов, автор пришел к выводу, что системное решение возникающих и множащихся проблем городского развития не может быть обеспечена без приоритета города как саморазвивающейся системы над его составляющими, и синтеза основных направлений урбанистики: технологического, социального и эстетического. Логическим следствием обеспечения системного единства станет расширение предметной области урбанистики и развитие градостроительных концепций, в основе которых цели реструктуризации недвижимости городских пространств.

В настоящий момент перед российской экономикой стоят большие вызовы в области технологического развития. Наука и технологии обретают новую роль как основополагающие элементы решения многих национальных и глобальных проблем. Ожидается, что в ближайшие 10–15 лет приоритетами научно-технологического развития России станут те направления, которые позволят получить новые научные и научно-технические результаты, создать технологии, являющиеся основой инновационного развития внутреннего рынка продуктов и услуг, устойчивого положения страны на внешнем рынке, и обеспечат, в том числе, переход к передовым цифровым, интеллектуальным производственным технологиям и высоким технологиям. Соответственно, становятся необходимы системные изменения подходов к научно-технологическому развитию регионов для достижения технологического суверенитета в области критических и сквозных технологий. А это требует консолидации усилий федеральных органов государственной власти, органов государственной власти субъектов РФ, научно-образовательного и предпринимательского сообщества, институтов гражданского общества по созданию благоприятных условий для развития и применения достижений науки и технологии в интересах социально-экономического развития России. И если драйверами технологического развития нашей страны определяются ключевые вузы и научные организации, то с учетом запроса на новую институциональную среду драйвером технологического развития точнее будет назвать концепцию современных кампусов.

В статье рассматриваются вопросы выявления, оценки и учета основных особенностей возведения объектов недвижимости и деятельности строительных предприятий. Выявлены основные тенденции и подходы, которые необходимо использовать и реализовывать в настоящее время при возведении многоэтажных объектов недвижимости на рынке жилья. В частности, дана оценка таким показателям, как совокупная площадь строящихся единиц, количество возводимых объектов, средняя площадь строящихся объектов недвижимости в г. Москве и другим. Методами исследования являются теоретический анализ и эмпирическое исследование, в частности анализ статистических данных, а также описание и группировка данных. Информационной базой для анализа данной проблемы стали литературные источники по вопросам деятельности строительных организаций, научные статьи, монографии, электронные ресурсы, источники правового характера. Методологической основой при выполнении статьи послужили такие научные методы, как описание, классификация. Для эффективной работы предприятий на рынке жилья необходимо создание комплекса законодательных, правовых и экономических нормативов, проведение различных мероприятий на организационно-технологических процессах, которые наиболее полно учитывают интересы каждого участника процесса и позволяют формировать эффективную систему их взаимоотношений на основе перехода к технологическим и организационным новшествам.

Сохранение окружающей природной среды во многом зависит от повышения экологической ответственности строительных организаций. Статистические данные показывают, что последние годы характеризуются ростом объемов работ по виду экономической деятельности «Строительство», что требует организационных, правовых, экономических, технологических и технических мер, реализуемых на государственном, отраслевом уровнях и в системе управления строительными организациями, направленных на рациональное природопользование. Эти меры относятся не только к стадии строительства объектов, но и периоду эксплуатации объектов недвижимости, что обусловлено значительной ресурсоемкостью объектов недвижимости как в процессе строительства, так и эксплуатации в течение всего жизненного цикла. Исследование проблемы приводит к выводу, что формировать механизм экологического менеджмента следует с учетом специфики строительной деятельности, обеспечивая безопасность на стадии при проектировании объектов, организации строительной площадки, освоении территории застройки, внедрении процессных инноваций в строительстве. В управлении ресурсосбережением кроме инвестиционной стоимости объекта необходимо управлять затратами на эксплуатацию объекта, которые составляют 75 % затрат владения объектом. Принципы экологической эффективности должны находить отражение в показателях оценки инвестиционных проектов. Ответственное с позиций экологии инвестирование может стать одним из трендов реализации национальных проектов, поскольку цели национальных проектов соответствуют концепции устойчивого развития и сбалансированности экономических, социальных и экологических факторов. Выявлены барьеры препятствий ESG-инвестированию в отечественной экономике, в частности недооценка влияния названных факторов на долгосрочные финансовые показатели самих организаций. Для организации системы экологического менеджмента в строительных организациях необходимо формирование системы показателей (индикаторов устойчивости), наличие которой позволит моделировать экологический профиль организации. Экологический профиль позволяет установить баланс внешних запросов и реальных возможностей самой организации. Это требует не только наличия сбалансированной системы экологических показателей организации, но и эталонных значений показателей, обеспечивающих организации повышение конкурентоспособности на рынке подрядных работ.

Актуальность обеспечения устойчивого функционирования жилищно-коммунального хозяйства (ЖКХ) ставит задачу исследования его состояния и проблем функционирования с выработкой стратегических подходов к эффективной модели трансформации и ускорения модернизации объектов инженерно-коммунальной инфраструктуры. Показано, что наиболее существенным является влияние на состояние ЖКХ уровня потенциала различных типов городов, взаимоувязанных с деятельностью предприятий и организаций, демографическими формами расселения и средой жизнедеятельности. Доказано, что крупнейшие города-миллионники обладают достаточно высоким потенциалом для дальнейшего развития ЖКХ, в связи с этим актуальной задачей является определение моделей и драйверов их перспективного развития. На основе анализа генезиса развития современной системы ЖКХ выделены достигнутые определенные структурные сдвиги в решении приоритетных задач в сфере ЖКХ по дальнейшей реализации программ переселения граждан из непригодного жилья, региональных программ капитального ремонта общего имущества в многоквартирных домах, реализации целевых муниципальных программ модернизации коммунальных сетей, принятых нормативно-правовых документов, создающих условия для использования механизмов государственно-муниципально-частного партнерства, роста инвестиций и возведения инфраструктурных объектов. Рассмотрены характерные особенности жилищно-коммунального хозяйства и определен комплекс современных проблем и факторов, негативно влияющих на качество деятельности организаций и предприятий ЖКХ. Выявлены параметры технического состояния жилищно-коммунальной инфраструктуры и надежности функционирования системы ЖКХ регионов и ряда крупнейших городов. Обоснованы ключевые тренды стратегии развития ЖКХ, позволяющие улучшить состояние инфраструктурного потенциала ЖКХ и обеспечить опережающее развитие инфраструктуры комфортных условия проживания и качество жизнедеятельности населения.

Современное строительство все чаще обращается к сборным технологиям, стремясь повысить эффективность и экологическую устойчивость проектов. Особенно в Китае, где данное направление показывает впечатляющие темпы развития, сборное строительство становится ключевым элементом стратегии устойчивого развития городской инфраструктуры. Цель данного исследования заключается в анализе типов строительных конструкций и соединений, широко используемых в сборном строительстве в Китае, с акцентом на их эффективность, стоимость, влияние на окружающую среду и устойчивость. Методология включает в себя библио­метрический анализ научной литературы и статистических данных, охватывающих последние годы, для выявления ключевых трендов и направлений развития в данной области. Основные результаты показывают, что Китай занимает лидирующие позиции в исследованиях и применении сборных технологий, особенно в области железобетонных и стальных конструкций. Различные типы сборных конструкций и методы соединений анализируются с точки зрения их применения и эффективности. На основе анализа определены основные проблемы и перспективы дальнейшего развития сборного строительства, включая необходимость стандартизации и улучшения качества соединительных элементов. Исследование подчеркивает значительный потенциал сборного строительства для содействия устойчивому развитию и эффективному использованию ресурсов в строительной отрасли.

В статье рассказывается о том, как на кафедре «Организация строительства и управления недвижимостью» (ОСУН) МГСУ было положено начало еще одной, новой уникальной традиции — организации зарубежной производственной практики студентов. В соответствии с достигнутыми договоренностями прошла зарубежная стажировка студентов кафедры ОСУН на АЭС «Аккую» в Турецкой Республике. Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии «Росатом» — многопрофильный холдинг, объединяющий активы в энергетике, машиностроении, строительстве. АЭС «Аккую» — первая атомная электростанция в Турецкой Республике. Проект первой турецкой АЭС включает в себя четыре энергоблока с реакторами российского дизайна ВВЭР-1200. Сооружение АЭС «Аккую» — первый проект в мировой атомной отрасли, реализуемый по модели Build-Own-Operate. Кафедра ОСУН осуществляет свою деятельность на протяжении более 90 лет, имеет свою историю и устоявшиеся традиции. Идя в ногу со временем, принимая во внимание нынешние инновационные тренды и вызовы в сфере строительства, экономики, образования, на кафедре была организована зарубежная стажировка студентов. С какими же трудностями они столкнулись и почему этот «пилотный проект» является очень ценным, знаковым опытом не только для кафедры, но и для НИУ МГСУ в целом. По итогам совместного проекта можно отметить, что поставленные цели и задачи решены. Стороны остались довольны результатами, отметили важность такого формата сотрудничества и запланировали дальнейшие взаимоотношения.

Актуальность рассмотренной в статье проблематики обусловлена значительным ростом спроса на индивидуальные жилые дома, что требует создания привлекательных и выгодных условий для всех участников рынка. Крупные строительные компании активно осваивают сегмент индивидуального жилищного строительства (ИЖС), а малые предприятия, благодаря относительно низкому порогу вхождения, стремительно выходят на этот рынок. Однако отсутствие четких правил и регуляторных механизмов затрудняет долгосрочное планирование и реализацию проектов ИЖС. В рамках данной статьи рассмотрены ключевые аспекты и перспективы развития рынка индивидуального жилищного строительства в России. Особое внимание уделено изучению законодательной базы, в частности проекту Федерального закона № 471420–8 «О строительстве жилых домов по договорам строительного подряда с использованием счетов эскроу», который призван создать правовую основу для развития рынка ИЖС, а также ГОСТ Р 71392–2024 «Зеленые» стандарты. «Зеленое» индивидуальное жилищное строительство. Методика оценки и критерии проектирования, строительства и эксплуатации».

Введение. Представлен инновационный подход к устойчивому развитию объектов недвижимости на основе комплексного анализа требований ресурсосбережения, технико-экономической защиты и безопасной эксплуатации. Выявлены недостатки действующих норм проектирования мер защиты от коррозии, не позволяющие производить моделирование расчета стоимости жизненного цикла (ЖЦ). Показана необходимость расширения расчетно-аналитических индикаторов экспертизы проектных решений с целью предотвращения негативных последствий при коррозионном разрушении. Материалы и методы. Объект исследования представляет систему регламентного управления, для которой разработаны алгоритмы принятия эффективных решений строительных проектов по защите от коррозии. Предложена методика резервирования технико-экономической защищенности на базе расчетных моделей качества, надежности и безопасности конструкций и сооружений. Функциональное и временнόе резервирование устойчивости к агрессивным воздействиям осуществляется с учетом требований к эксплуатации и безопасности стандарта ИСО/ТК 267 Фасилити менеджмент (ФМ). Целостное восприятие критериев технико- экономической защиты достигается с помощью индикаторов экспертизы проектных решений и регламента ЖЦ для заданного уровня коррозионной опасности (KI – KV) или защищенности (ZI – ZIV). Результаты. Апробация принципов и условий регламентного резервирования мер технико-экономической защиты выполнена путем постановки прямой и обратной задач живучести. Программа определительных испытаний включала мониторинг, риск-диагностику и управление индикаторами расчета стоимости ЖЦ. Оценка рисков осуществлена на основе метода HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study). Предложенный подход обеспечивает сценарный анализ возможностей и идентификацию угроз применения новых материалов и технологий согласно положениям концепции «бережливого хозяйствования» Lean Six Sigma.

В статье представлена информация о том, как кафедрой Организации строительства и управления недвижимостью (ОСУН) НИУ МГСУ была организована международная практика во Вьетнаме в контексте развития международного взаимодействия. Партнером выступили Хошиминский архитектурный университет и строительная компания Coteccons. НИУ МГСУ и Хошиминский архитектурный университет активно участвуют в совместных научно-образовательных мероприятиях и конференциях, которые проводятся как в России, так и во Вьетнаме. Coteccons является одной из самых уважаемых частных строительных компаний во Вьетнаме, которая была основана в 2004 году. Цель компании: стать инженерно-строительной группой мирового класса, ведущей корпоративной группой во Вьетнаме в XXI веке. Итоги прошедшей производственной практики подвели в Хошиминском архитектурном университете с участием и.о. генконсула РФ консула-советника Ю. Немцова и атташе российского посольства В. Скосырева. Участие в международной практике позволяет студентам получить реальный опыт работы в международной среде, познакомиться с современными технологиями и методами строительства. Работа во Вьетнаме позволила погрузиться в уникальную культуру и традиции страны, а также улучшить профессиональные навыки студентов и сделать их более конкурентоспособными на рынке труда.

Представлен анализ подходов девелоперов к приобретению земельных участков для реализации проектов, исследована распространенная в современных условиях форма, когда девелопер приобретает 100 % долей юридического лица, имеющего права аренды на земельный участок, предназначенный под застройку. Отмечена многофакторность задачи оценки эффективности инвестиций на основе финансового моделирования с учетом особенностей рассматриваемого варианта вхождения в проект по критерию доходности инвестиций. Построен порядок принятия решений в процессе анализа, состоящий из восьми этапов и включающий расчеты экономических, технических, градостроительных, социальных и других параметров проекта. По предложенному алгоритму выполнены расчеты на примере реального девелоперского проекта с использованием современной нормативной и аналитической информации, которые подтверждают возможность и целесообразность вхождения в проект через покупку долей юридического лица. Практическое значение имеют сформулированные требования к построению финансовой модели проекта с учетом рассматриваемой формы приобретения земельного участка, в том числе: определение объема инвестиций в проект с учетом проектного финансирования, формирование показателя доходности проекта на основе сопоставления потоков дивидендов от проекта и стоимости приобретения долей юридического лица, а также налогообложение как для самого проекта, так и для девелопера при получении дивидендов.

Ownership is the strongest and fullest, although not unlimited, right in rem. Every owner of land desires full and undisturbed possession of his land. Sometimes, however, the boundaries of individual properties are disputed or obliterated and the owner's right to possession is threatened. Inseparably connected with the right of ownership of landed property are their legal boundaries, which, being a line materialised on the ground, separate them from each other, delimiting the extent of the right of ownership in relation to neighbouring properties. It follows from the definition of the landed property contained in Article 46 1 of the Civil Code that the legal boundary of a property is not an abstract concept, as it separates the property from its surroundings as an object of separate ownership. The realisation of boundaries on the ground is achieved through delimitation proceedings, and if previously established boundaries are obliterated or moved, it is necessary to reopen boundary marks. The stability of the legal boundaries of a property promotes certainty not only for the owners, but also for real estate transactions. The aim of this article is to analyse the institutions of property delimitation and the reopening of boundary marks from the point of view of their function – to provide landowners with certainty and stability as to their property rights and to define the criterion distinguishing the geodetic-legal procedures in question.

The article presents the current problems with real estate tax. In the first part, the author elaborates on statistical data regarding judicial decisions of Regional Administrative Courts and the National Administrative Court in cases concerned with real estate tax. The second part cites the most important trends and lines of case-law. The author indicates the most significant issues that give rise to disputes and controversy. The deliberations contained in the text are mostly based on several aspects related to real estate tax, among others: 1) wind power plants; 2) electrical supply lines installed in the woods; and 3) definition of the term ‘telecommunication network’. The author analyses and describes the pivot of the problems that administrative courts deal with as well as draws key conclusions that may be relevant for both the taxpayer and the legislator. The aim of the study is to indicate the current trends in the judicial decisions of administrative courts regarding real estate tax. The design of the real estate tax (which is largely faulty) influences the increase in the number of disputes adjudicated by administrative courts. The following research methods were applied: statistical and dogmatic-legal analysis of both legal acts and courts’ decisions.

The purpose of the article is to consider the possibility of acquiring a separate ownership right to an undivided premise or a part of previously divided premise through adverse possession (usucaption). This subject demands a fresh perspective, given the consistent unified stance of both the judiciary and legal scholars, who have traditionally considered such adverse possession as inadmissible. The examination gains particular significance in light of the approaching 30th anniversary of the enactment of the Act of 24 June 1994 on the ownership of premises, as this may result in an increase in litigation related to adverse possession claims concerning entire premises or their parts. Contrary to the long-standing established position of both jurisprudence and legal doctrine, the article demonstrates that acquiring separate ownership rights to previously undivided premises, as well as to parts of previously divided premises (such as rooms, auxiliary spaces, or ancillary facilities), is indeed feasible through usucaption. In both cases, compliance with the requirement of independence as defined in Art. 2 sec. 2 of the Act on the ownership of premises is crucial since only independent premises may be the subject of separate ownership. The argument presented in the article strongly advocate for the possibility of providing legal protection to possessors of undivided premises or parts of divided premises and for regularizing long-standing factual situations that do not align with the current legal status, which is the fundamental essence of adverse possession.

In the Polish legal system, there are two ways of compulsory enforcement of obligations. It takes place either in administrative enforcement proceedings, which have no connection with the administration of justice, or in judicial enforcement proceedings, which are part of civil proceedings, ultimately determining the fulfilment by the courts of their respective judicial functions. Those proceedings are separate and independent of each other. Sometimes the obligation meets the conditions for administrative and judicial enforcement at the same time. Such an example is the fee for the transformation of perpetual usufruct into ownership. It has a civil law character, results from the operation of law or from an administrative decision, and a special provision does not specify the way of its enforcement. There is a convergence of criteria distinguishing between administrative and judicial enforcement.Currently, there is no doubt that the compulsory recovery of the transformation fee resulting from an administrative decision takes place in the mode of administrative enforcement, despite the civil law nature of this fee. Uncertainty arises as to the method of enforcement if the fee arises by operation of law. There are both sentences in favour of the admissibility of administrative enforcement and dissenting opinions favouring the admissibility of compulsory recovery of the fee in question by way of judicial enforcement.The aim of the article is to indicate the decisive criterion demarcating the path of administrative and judicial enforcement and to determine the method of enforcement of the fee for the transformation of the perpetual usufruct right into ownership. The work uses a formal-dogmatic method of work.

In the publication in question, attention was drawn to the demarcation of real estate according to the first criterion provided for in Art. 153 of the Civil Code, that is according to the legal status. The author tries to answer the question of the impact of a final decision confirming the purchase of one of the demarcated real estates on the demarcation proceedings, quoting in this respect the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court and common courts related to this issue.

Presented paper aims to define obligations of receiving state according to premises of diplomatic mission. This is particular kind of real estates, which are located on territory of state. Author tries to answer a question about legal effects of violation premises of diplomatic mission on the ground of the international law. Article contains key provisions of the international law for this issue, which are connected to premises of diplomatic mission and ground for the responsibility and liability of state. Presented acts of the international law concerns on not only diplomatic law, but also law of special missions and antiterrorist law. Author describes also legal status of premises of diplomatic mission on territory of receiving state. Analysis of abovementioned provisions is necessary to derive obligations of receiving state. Moreover, there are described the most well-known cases of assaults on premises of diplomatic mission and statistics concerning on this subject. Author considers possible cases of violation of premises of diplomatic mission and international legal effects of such case. There can be many cases, because inviolability of premises can be an act of third state, which is bound by provisions of diplomatic law, both agreements and custom.

The statutory right of pre-emption of real estate in favor of the municipality, provided for in the Property Management Act is, by virtue of Article 109 (2) of the Property Management Act, excluded with regard to real estate designated in local zoning plans for agricultural and forestry purposes and, in the absence of local zoning plans, with regard to real estate used for such purposes. The aim of this article is an analysis of legal issues related to the exclusion of the municipality's ability to exercise its right of pre-emption with respect to such real estate. The author addresses the issue of how to determine whether a property is used for agricultural or forestry purposes and the complications arising from the partial designation or use of a property for agricultural or forestry purposes. The study also addresses the issue of determining when to assess the moment designation or use of real estate for agricultural and forestry purposes, as well as the related issue of determining the temporal framework for a municipality's right of pre-emption over a specific property in the event of changes in its designation or use.

On the basis of the application of article 129 section 2 in connection with article 136 section 3 of the Environmental Protection Act there is a noticeable erroneous interpretative practice of the courts in assuming that compensation covers not only the costs related to material expenditure incurred to improve acoustics, but also costs that were not incurred (forecast costs). In practice, this also applies to those RUAs in which environmental quality standards have not been exceeded and no increased technical requirements have been established for residential buildings. This leads to compensation beyond the scope of legal damage, which results in ineffectiveness of intervention implemented in real estate markets around airports.This situation justifies undertaking research that will result in sorting out the conditions for airport liability and presenting the correct scope of compensation for the analyzed legal damage.