34 results on '"HAZARDOUS waste minimization"'
Search Results
2. ROBUST PARAMETRIC MODIFICATIONS OF THE Z-TEST STATISTIC.
- Author
-
Vasil, Cvetkov
- Subjects
RANDOM numbers ,ROBUST statistics ,SAMPLING errors ,ZULLIGER Test ,STANDARDIZATION ,STATISTICAL power analysis ,MEASUREMENT errors ,HAZARDOUS waste minimization - Abstract
The conventional z-test statistic, which is one of the most popular statistics, is based on the mean of a sample and the standard error of the mean. Consequently, in case of a violation of the normality of the data, the traditional z-test may lead to incorrect test conclusions. The main aim of this article is to present two robust parametric modifications of the traditional z-test statistic. In order to minimize the effect of non-normality due to the presence of the outliers and some potential contaminated observations in a sample we use either the center or the C_2 statistic and their standard errors, respectively, instead of the mean and the standard error of the mean. The statistical power of one-sample z-tests based on the mean, center and C_2 statistics were compared by generating of random number samples with different sizes and known expectations. These samples were derived from some popular distributions. The comparison shows that the z-tests based on the center and the C_2 statistics are more powerful and efficient than the traditional one. In addition, real-data illustrations by implementing both one-sample z-test and two-sample z-test are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Parsimony analysis of unaligned sequence data: some clarifications.
- Author
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Ospina‐Sarria, Jhon Jairo and Cabra‐García, Jimmy
- Subjects
- *
PARSIMONIOUS models , *HAZARDOUS waste minimization , *HIEROGLYPHICS , *STATISTICS - Abstract
Abstract: De Laet (2015) claimed that minimization of ad hoc hypotheses of homoplasy does not lead to a preference for trivial optimizations when analysing unaligned sequence data, as claimed by Wheeler (2012; see also Kluge and Grant, 2006). In addition, De Laet asserted that Kluge and Grant's (2006) parsimony rationale is internally inconsistent in terms of Baker's (2003) theoretical framework. We argue that De Laet used extraneous presuppositions to critique Wheeler's position and, as such, his criticism should be considered cautiously in terms of its scope. Finally, we demonstrate that considering Kluge and Grant's parsimony rationale as inconsistent rests on De Laet's misunderstanding of the ideographic character concept and the consequences of relating it to Baker's rationale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Simultaneous Selective Harmonic Elimination and THD Minimization for a Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter With Staircase Modulation.
- Author
-
Srndovic, Milan, Zhetessov, Aidar, Alizadeh, Tohid, Familiant, Yakov L., Grandi, Gabriele, and Ruderman, Alex
- Subjects
- *
HARMONIC distortion (Physics) , *CONVERTERS (Electronics) , *FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems , *SWITCHING circuits , *HAZARDOUS waste minimization - Abstract
Power electronic converters for medium- and high-power/voltage applications employ low-frequency fundamental switching frequencies and, therefore, minimize switching losses. There are two main control techniques of switching angle estimation; total harmonic distortion (THD) minimization and selective harmonic elimination (SHE). In case of the first control technique, the switching angles are found based on THD minimization without being specifically focused on eliminating some exact harmonics. For the SHE control technique, all degrees of freedom, due to available number of switching angles, is used for the elimination of certain low-order harmonics. The basic idea of combining those two control techniques consists of using some degrees of freedom for eliminating certain harmonics and using the others for minimizing the remaining THD content. This generalized problem formulation includes classic minimal THD and SHE problems as special cases. Theoretical developments are verified by the set of experimental cases for the voltage and current THDs selecting characteristic working points over the modulation index range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A multiobjective GRASP-VND algorithm to solve the waste collection problem.
- Author
-
López‐Sánchez, A. D., Hernández‐Díaz, A. G., Gortázar, F., and Hinojosa, M. A.
- Subjects
MULTIPLE criteria decision making ,WASTE management ,VEHICLE routing problem ,HAZARDOUS waste minimization ,CUSTOMER satisfaction - Abstract
In this paper, the waste collection problem (WCP) of a city in the south of Spain is addressed as a multiobjective routing problem that considers three objectives. From the company's perspective, the minimization of the travel cost is desired as well as that of the total number of vehicles. Additionally, from the employee's point of view, a set of balanced routes is also sought. Four variants of a multiobjective hybrid algorithm are proposed. Specifically, a GRASP (greedy randomized adaptive search procedure) with a VND (variable neighborhood descent) is combined. The best GRASP-VND algorithm found is applied in order to solve the real-world WCP of a city in the south of Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Estimating initial conditions for groundwater flow modeling using an adaptive inverse method.
- Author
-
Hassane Maina, F., Delay, F., and Ackerer, P.
- Subjects
- *
GROUNDWATER flow , *STATISTICAL methods in groundwater flow , *HYDROGEOLOGICAL modeling , *RESOURCE management , *QUASI-Newton methods , *HAZARDOUS waste minimization - Abstract
Due to continuous increases in water demand, the need for seasonal forecasts of available groundwater resources becomes inevitable. Hydrogeological models might provide a valuable tool for this kind of resource management. Because predictions over short time horizons are foreseen, the reliability of model outputs depends on accurate estimates of the initial conditions (ICs), as well as the estimated parameter values, boundary conditions and forcing terms (e.g., recharge, as well as sinks and sources). Here, we provide an inverse procedure for estimating these ICs. The procedure is based on an adaptive parameterization of the ICs that limits over-parameterization and involves the minimization of an ad hoc objective function. The quasi-Newton algorithm is used for the minimization, and the gradients are computed with an adjoint-state method. Two test cases based on a real aquifer that are designed to evaluate the capability of the method were addressed. It is assumed that the boundary conditions, hydraulic parameters and forcing terms are known from an existing hydrogeological model. In both test cases, the proposed method was quite successful in estimating the ICs and predicting head values that were not used in the calibration. 50 calibrations for each test case have been performed to quantify the reliability of the predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Optimization of Solid Wastes Disposal Strategy by Fuzzy Topsis Method.
- Author
-
Mor, Deepali and Ramachandran, M.
- Subjects
SOLID waste management ,TOPSIS method ,HAZARDOUS waste minimization ,WASTE recycling ,PUBLIC health ,LANDFILLS - Abstract
The non-biodegradable wastes have been increasing widely day by day. These wastes not only cause harm to the environment and its resources, but also they have an adverse impact on the human health causing a number of health problems. In order to control this issue, a number of approaches have been done and carried out by the hosts. In the present article, we are discussing this issue taking into consideration certain factors and strategies. The factors of waste disposal were identified to be human health, waste reduction, sustainability, cost effective and environmental benefits using the disposing strategies such as landfills, incineration, energy transform, reuse and recycling. The nonbiodegradable wastes include plastics, construction wastes, metal scraps, rubber tyres, man-made nylons, polyesters, glass, cable wires, cellophane, CDs, DVDs, processed wood, styrofoam, aluminium cans and bottles. The survey was carried out using the Fussy Topsis Method, which is a multi-criteria decision making optimization tool. It helps us in making the best choice out of the available options. The results obtained revealed that recycling is the most efficient method, whereas the landfill is an unpleasant option of solid waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
8. Direct electroseparation of zinc from zinc sulfide in eco-friendly deep eutectic solvent: Highlighting the role of malonic acid.
- Author
-
Wang, Zhiwei, Zhang, Zhenya, Yuan, Tian, Shimizu, Kazuya, Wang, Ding, Luo, Daijiang, Wang, Daoxiang, and Ru, Juanjian
- Subjects
- *
ZINC sulfide , *MALONIC acid , *WASTE minimization , *EUTECTICS , *HAZARDOUS wastes , *SOLVENTS - Abstract
• Zn is directly separated from ZnS in choline chloride-urea-malonic acid (ChCl-urea-MA) deep eutectic solvent. • This process achieves the current efficiency of 86.5 % with the energy consumption of 2621.8 kW·h·t−1. • MA causes 0.13 mol·L-1 ZnS being dissolved to form stable MA-based ligands. • This study initiatively simplifies Zn separation from ZnS in green solution with hazardous waste minimization. Zinc sulfide (ZnS), one of the main ingredients of zinc ore and emerging materials, partly processes environmental risk. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are green solvents to efficiently separate metals with less emission. In this study, a novel route for direct electroseparation of Zn from ZnS in eco-friendly choline chloride-urea DES with the addition of malonic acid (MA) is studied for the first time. The role of MA and the reduction behavior of Zn(II) are systematically analyzed by cyclic voltammetry. The reduction of Zn(II) is quasi-reversible and follows one-step two-electron transfer process. Pure Zn with nanostructure is obtained with the current efficiency of 86.5 % and energy consumption of 2621.8 kW·h·t−1 at the optimized parameters of 10 mA·cm−2, 353 K and 100 mM·L-1 ZnS. Mechanisms analyses indicate that in the presence of 60 mM·L-1 MA, besides [ZnCl− 3 ]- and [ZnCl− 5 ]3-, some ZnS are dissolved to form stable [Zn(MA)2-Cl− 2 ]4-, [Zn(MA)2-Cl-]3- and other MA based ligands, which causes a higher Zn ion solubility of 0.13 mol·L-1 and may promote the subsequent electroseparation of ZnS. Results from this study are expected to propose a simplified route to directly separate Zn from ZnS without oxidation pretreatment to achieve hazardous waste minimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Demulsification Treatment of Spent Metalworking Fluids by Metal Cations: The Synergistic Effect and Efficiency Evaluation
- Author
-
Yuanfeng Qi, Lingxue Wu, Baoxin Ge, Xiaochen Zhang, and Yanqing Zhang
- Subjects
hazardous waste minimization ,Chemistry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Metal ions in aqueous solution ,Chemical technology ,Inorganic chemistry ,Bioengineering ,TP1-1185 ,demulsification ,Metal ,efficiency evaluation ,spent metalworking fluids ,synergistic effect ,visual_art ,Yield (chemistry) ,Metalworking ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Transmittance ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In this paper, various metal ions were utilized for the demulsification of spent metalworking fluids discharged from an automobile parts workshop. Five types of metal ions, i.e., Fe3+, Al3+, Fe2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, combined with coagulant were systematically evaluated, and the synergistic effect as well as the optimum operating conditions were studied. The results indicated that the Ca2+ as well Mg2+ possessed hardly efficiency for the demulsification, on the contrary, Fe2+ reduced the yield of the by-product sludge and lowered the SV30 ratio, and Al3+ boosted the CODCr removal. Furthermore, Fe3+ and Al3+ had a significant synergistic effect to achieve a better transmittance and a higher CODCr/SV30 ratio which revealed that more CODCr was removed, as well as less by-product sludge was generated. For a better demulsification of spent metalworking fluids, the optimum operating conditions were gathered as follows: the dosage of metal ions was 0.08 mol/L with Al3+:Fe3+ ratio was 1.5:1, the reaction pH was 6.00, the reaction time was 18.00 min and the temperature was 323.00 K. Based on this, the CODCr removal, the SV30 ratio and the transmittance and CODCr/SV30 ratio of the spent metalworking fluids were 80.21%, 40.00%, 95.20% and 128.33 mg/mL, respectively. This combined metal ion demulsification method possessed an advantageous minimization of spent metalworking fluids, which greatly benefited the automobile parts workshops in cutting down the operating cost in environmental protection.
- Published
- 2021
10. An Improved Scheme for Extended Power Loss Ride-Through in a Voltage-Source-Inverter-Fed Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drive Using a Loss Minimization Technique.
- Author
-
Titus, Jose, Teja, Jayendra, Hatua, Kamalesh, and Vasudevan, Krishna
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC power failures , *IDEAL sources (Electric circuits) , *ELECTRIC inverters , *MOTOR drives (Electric motors) , *HAZARDOUS waste minimization , *ELECTRIC current rectifiers - Abstract
The ability of an electrical drive to continue operation without tripping in spite of short-duration voltage sags or power supply interruptions is known as power failure ride-through capability. Critical production processes in industries require the drives to smoothly ride-through during momentary power interruptions. The reliability of the drive is dependent on the maximum duration for which a total power supply failure can be tolerated without process interruption. This paper presents a method to extend the duration of the ride-through in voltage-source-inverter-fed vector-controlled induction motor drives with a front-end diode bridge rectifier. The proposed method minimizes the losses in the system during the ride-through, thereby enabling a longer ride-through duration. The method only requires a modification of the control software and hence is easy to implement. This paper also briefly describes two conventional methods used for ride-through and compares the proposed method with the conventional methods to clearly bring out its advantage. Simulation study using MATLAB/PLECS verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. Hardware implementation of the method on a 30-kW induction machine indicates an extension of up to 34% in the ride-through duration with the proposed method, as compared with the conventional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Living on the edge: phase transitions in convex programs with random data.
- Author
-
Amelunxen, Dennis, Lotz, Martin, McCoy, Michael B., and Tropp, Joel A.
- Subjects
- *
PHASE transitions , *INTEGRAL geometry , *COMPRESSED sensing , *HAZARDOUS waste minimization , *CHEMICAL decomposition - Abstract
Recent research indicates that many convex optimization problems with random constraints exhibit a phase transition as the number of constraints increases. For example, this phenomenon emerges in the ℓ1 minimization method for identifying a sparse vector from random linear measurements. Indeed, the ℓ1 approach succeeds with high probability when the number of measurements exceeds a threshold that depends on the sparsity level; otherwise, it fails with high probability. This paper provides the first rigorous analysis that explains why phase transitions are ubiquitous in random convex optimization problems. It also describes tools for making reliable predictions about the quantitative aspects of the transition, including the location and the width of the transition region. These techniques apply to regularized linear inverse problems with random measurements, to demixing problems under a random incoherence model, and also to cone programs with random affine constraints. The applied results depend on foundational research in conic geometry. This paper introduces a summary parameter, called the statistical dimension, that canonically extends the dimension of a linear subspace to the class of convex cones. The main technical result demonstrates that the sequence of intrinsic volumes of a convex cone concentrates sharply around the statistical dimension. This fact leads to accurate bounds on the probability that a randomly rotated cone shares a ray with a fixed cone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Secrets revealed: Chemical surplus sharing at colleges and universities
- Author
-
Weil, Miriam
- Subjects
- *
HAZARDOUS waste minimization , *COST control , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of chemicals , *CHEMICAL elements , *HEALTH programs , *HIGHER education - Abstract
Chemical surplus sharing (CSS) programs exist at many universities. These programs have the potential to minimize hazardous waste and reduce costs associated with waste disposal to the university by reducing the amount of chemicals purchased and later disposed of as hazardous waste. In this study, information was collected from EHS personnel at institutions of higher education where CSS programs have been tried. Respondents at many of these institutions considered their CSS programs successful. This investigation derived criteria for evaluating the success of a CSS program and identified elements critical for program success. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Demulsification Treatment of Spent Metalworking Fluids by Metal Cations: The Synergistic Effect and Efficiency Evaluation.
- Author
-
Zhang, Yanqing, Wu, Lingxue, Zhang, Xiaochen, Ge, Baoxin, and Qi, Yuanfeng
- Subjects
DEMULSIFICATION ,CHEMICAL oxygen demand ,AUTOMOBILE parts ,FLUIDS ,METAL ions ,WASTE minimization - Abstract
In this paper, various metal ions were utilized for the demulsification of spent metalworking fluids discharged from an automobile parts workshop. Five types of metal ions, i.e., Fe
3+ , Al3+ , Fe2+ , Ca2+ and Mg2+ , combined with coagulant were systematically evaluated, and the synergistic effect as well as the optimum operating conditions were studied. The results indicated that the Ca2+ as well Mg2+ possessed hardly efficiency for the demulsification, on the contrary, Fe2+ reduced the yield of the by-product sludge and lowered the SV30 ratio, and Al3+ boosted the CODCr removal. Furthermore, Fe3+ and Al3+ had a significant synergistic effect to achieve a better transmittance and a higher CODCr /SV30 ratio which revealed that more CODCr was removed, as well as less by-product sludge was generated. For a better demulsification of spent metalworking fluids, the optimum operating conditions were gathered as follows: the dosage of metal ions was 0.08 mol/L with Al3+ :Fe3+ ratio was 1.5:1, the reaction pH was 6.00, the reaction time was 18.00 min and the temperature was 323.00 K. Based on this, the CODCr removal, the SV30 ratio and the transmittance and CODCr /SV30 ratio of the spent metalworking fluids were 80.21%, 40.00%, 95.20% and 128.33 mg/mL, respectively. This combined metal ion demulsification method possessed an advantageous minimization of spent metalworking fluids, which greatly benefited the automobile parts workshops in cutting down the operating cost in environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Welcome to the worldwide waste web: New study maps how hazardous waste moves around the globe.
- Author
-
Handsley-Davis, Matilda
- Subjects
- *
WASTE management , *HAZARDOUS waste minimization , *HAZARDOUS waste sites , *HAZARDOUS waste treatment facilities , *HAZARDOUS wastes - Abstract
The article discusses the effect of hazardous waste around the world. Topic include management of hazardous waste between the countries through import, export to use the wastes as a source of cheap raw materials; work of the research team by creating a mathematical model of a network to represent the W4 and risks including improper handling, disposal of waste on health and environmental effects of pollution from hazardous waste.
- Published
- 2022
15. Problems of Identification according to National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes.
- Author
-
Hongxia TANG
- Subjects
- *
SOLID waste , *ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *WASTE management , *POLLUTION , *HAZARDOUS waste minimization - Abstract
Identification work of solid wastes' risks is a kind of improvement and amendment for environmental impact assessment document of constructed projectss. In the research, waste identification is classified as per entrustment source and the characteristics of pollution accidents are analyzed, with major problems of National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes and countermeasures proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
16. Thermal plasma vitrification process as an effective technology for fly ash and chromium-rich sewage sludge utilization.
- Author
-
Sobiecka, Elzbieta and Szymanski, Lukasz
- Subjects
THERMAL plasmas ,VITRIFICATION ,HAZARDOUS waste minimization ,FLY ash leaching ,HEAVY metal toxicology ,SLUDGE management - Abstract
The main goal of the vitrification process for environmental research is the destruction of hazardous waste. This study proposes the use of a thermal plasma treatment process to transform fly ash and chromium-rich sewage sludge into glassy products called vitrificates that can be stored on the land without harmful environmental effects. This is achieved by: (i) decreasing the temperature and energy used to adjust process cost minimization; and (ii) stabilization of vitrificates for different compositions of waste mixture. The chemical stabilization of final products was examined by heavy metals leachability tests. Hardness tests were done to verify the physical stabilization of vitrificates. The most stable vitrificates were obtained from a sample consisting of 90 wt% fly ash and 10 wt% chromium sludge. The thermal plasma treatment is an effective method which can be used to convert hazardous waste mixtures into less toxic or inert glassy products. The chemical composition of raw materials influenced the chemical and physical properties of the vitrificates and determined their internal structures. Mixtures of two different hazardous wastes reduces the process cost without negative environmental impact, which is an innovation in thermal plasma treatment technology. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Development Situation and Countermeasures of Waste Pyrolysis Technology.
- Author
-
Shuai Hao, Zongyu Liu, Songyan Qin, and Lijian Jin
- Subjects
- *
PYROLYSIS , *WASTE treatment , *HAZARDOUS waste management , *HAZARDOUS waste minimization , *DIOXINS - Abstract
Waste pyrolysis technology as a new method of waste treatment induces more and more attention. Waste pyrolysis technology is not only good for garbage reduction, but also can restrain the generation of dioxin, reaching the target for harmless decrement. We introduced technique process, development situations at home and abroad, existing problems and improvement measures of waste pyrolytic technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
18. Are we heading for a plastic-free world? - just-food FUTURES analysis.
- Author
-
England, Rachel
- Subjects
PLASTIC scrap & the environment ,FOOD industry & the environment ,PLASTICS in packaging ,PLASTIC scrap ,HAZARDOUS waste minimization ,BIODEGRADABLE plastics & the environment ,BRITISH politics & government ,LAW - Abstract
The article discusses the possibility for the food industry to adopt a "plastic-free" approach in light of growing concerns regarding the environmental impacts of plastic and outlines the requirements the industry needs to follow to achieve the scenario. Topics discussed include the "Blue Planet II" television series which depicted the harmful environmental impacts of plastic, legislation in Great Britain to reduce plastic wastes and the impact of bioplastics.
- Published
- 2019
19. BEST PRACTICES IN THE MIXING ROOM.
- Author
-
THOMAS, ALFRED
- Subjects
PAINT industry ,GLOVES ,SAFETY goggles ,HAZARDOUS waste minimization ,CLEANING machinery & appliances ,SAFETY - Abstract
The article focuses on the standard procedures to be followed at the collision shop. Topics discussed include the use of personal protection equipment such as chemical-resistant gloves, clothing, and eye protection such as safety glasses or goggles, practice waste reduction process, and the use of automated gun cleaner machine to prevent evaporation.
- Published
- 2015
20. DSNY's ecycleNYC Program to Expand Curbside Pickups.
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC waste & the environment ,ELECTRONIC waste management ,HAZARDOUS waste minimization - Abstract
The article highlights the expansion of the New York City Department of Sanitation (DSNY’s) e-waste curbside collection program. Topics discussed include views of Kathryn Garcia, commissioner at DSNY on this e-waste collection; introduction on ecycle NYC initiative to remove e-waste for proper and safe recycling; and introduction of the program to the residents of South Brooklyn and Western Queens.
- Published
- 2018
21. Fugitive Emission Control for the APE 1236 Deactivation Furnace
- Author
-
ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB, Hay, K J, Sohn, Chang, Hunt, Brent, Dunstan, Marsha T, Schiller, Don, ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB, Hay, K J, Sohn, Chang, Hunt, Brent, Dunstan, Marsha T, and Schiller, Don
- Abstract
The U.S. Army Ammunition Peculiar Equipment (APE) program currently has several operating rotary kiln 1236 ammunition deactivation furnaces located throughout the United States. These furnaces must comply with the fugitive emission requirement of the Hazardous Waste Combustor National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants. During operations, emissions from ammunition detonation may escape through openings. An enclosure was constructed over the feed, furnace, and discharge areas of the APE 1236 furnace at Tooele Army Depot (TEAD) to contain fugitive emissions. A monitoring system was designed and installed to measure and record the effects of pressure fluctuations and airflows at the enclosure walls. The system was effective at detecting a detonation and recording sensor data for a specified period of time surrounding that detonation. A demonstrated average negative differential pressure (DP) between the inside and outside of the enclosure represents fugitive emission control. The enclosure was originally not shown to maintain a negative DP, so it was sealed with polyurethane to close openings. Further testing showed a lower but still positive pressure. Permanent sealing of the dampers and installation of a sealing overhead door brought the average pressure to negative and the TEAD furnace into compliance with fugitive emissions requirements., The original document contains color images. Prepared in cooperation with MSE Technology Applications, Inc., Butte, MT.
- Published
- 2007
22. Electrochemical Reduction of Dinitrotoluene
- Author
-
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DIV, Pehkonen, Simo, Jolas, Jennifer L., Meenakshisundaram, Devakumaran, Maloney, Stephen W., CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DIV, Pehkonen, Simo, Jolas, Jennifer L., Meenakshisundaram, Devakumaran, and Maloney, Stephen W.
- Abstract
This study evaluated electrochemical reduction of a model nitro aromatic (dinitrotoluene, or DNT) that has shown the tendency to undergo reduction reactions. Objectives were to investigate the effect of stirring rate and the identity of the cathode material on the rate of DNT degradation, and to evaluate the fate of by-products, with specific attention to the mass balance and the potential formation of polymers of the reduced compounds and the parent compound. A bench-scale study was done of the degradation of 2,4-DNT in an electrochemical reactor. The rate of the degradation was measured under various experimental conditions. The by-products of degradation were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC. A mass balance for the products was obtained under a variety of experimental conditions, both in the aqueous and solid phases. The stirring rate was found to affect the overall rate of degradation in some cases. A satisfactory mass balance for the products was achieved with 2,4-diaminotoluene (DAT) dominating in deoxygenated experiments and the dimers being important in the precipitating solid in the oxygenated experiments., Prepared in cooperation with University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
- Published
- 1999
23. Economic Analysis of Hazardous Waste Minimization Alternatives
- Author
-
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL, Mount, J. B., Dharmavaram, Seshasayi, Reinbold, Keturah, Donahue, Bernard A., CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL, Mount, J. B., Dharmavaram, Seshasayi, Reinbold, Keturah, and Donahue, Bernard A.
- Abstract
Approximately 120,000 metric tons of hazardous waste (HW) are generated annually on Army installations in the United States. The Department of Defense policy is to attempt to eliminate HW generation to the extent possible and treat residual HW for volume or toxicity reduction. Installation Environmental Managers, however, currently do not have the tools to evaluate minimization alternatives. During this research, the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (USACERL) developed an economic model for evaluating the life cycle costs for various HW minimization technologies. The resulting model, CEAMHW (USACERL Economic Analysis for Minimizing Hazardous Waste) was written in C language for an IBM compatible personal computer. It contains six submodels based on differing waste types and a general cost submodel. The model has been approved by the Army Environmental Office for the economic analysis that must accompany requests for Defense Environmental Restoration Account funds.
- Published
- 1992
24. Analysis of the hazardous material reutilization facilities at SUBASE Bangor and NS San Diego
- Author
-
Berkin, Michael G., Henderson, David R., Trietsch, Dan, Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.), and Administrative Sciences
- Subjects
Hazardous Waste Minimization ,Cost Benefit Analysis ,Recycling ,Cost ,Inventory Level Forecasting ,Hazardous substances ,Hazardous Material Reutilization ,Forecasting - Abstract
This thesis is an analysis of the hazardous material reutilization facilities at SUBASE Bangor and NS San Diego. The operations at both sites are described and a forecasting analysis is applied to determine future levels of incoming supply amounts, outgoing sales amounts, and predicted levels of hazardous material within the SUBASE Bangor facility. Cost benefit analyses are presented to determine which of three options is the most economical on-base activity for operating the facility and which of three options is the most economical for operating a hazardous waste minimization program. Using base supply personnel in a renovated building was found to be the most economical solution. Furthermore, a general eleven step hazardous waste and material management model is applied to the military. http://archive.org/details/analysisofhazard1094527551 Lieutenant, United States Navy Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
- Published
- 1990
25. Evaluation of a Particulate Filtration System for an Alkaline Paint Stripper at Letterkenny Army Depot
- Author
-
IT ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS INC CINCINNATI OH, Mathis, J., Davis, J. S., IT ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS INC CINCINNATI OH, Mathis, J., and Davis, J. S.
- Abstract
During metal pretreatment operations, U.S. Army depots use a variety of chemicals that become hazardous waste when no longer useful. Alkaline paint strippers are widely used to remove paint coatings from steel parts. At Letterkenny Army Depot (LEAD) in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, these solutions are typically disposed of every six months, generating up to 2,200 gallons of liquid waste and three 55-gallon drums of sludge. By removing this sludge continuously, it is thought that the ongoing reaction between the sludge and active paint stripper can be prevented, thereby resulting in less depletion of the active bath ingredients and an ultimate reduction in hazardous waste. As part of its pollution abatement and environmental control mission, the U.S. Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency (USATHAMA) is pursuing R and D projects to assist depots in meeting the Army goal of a 50 percent reduction in hazardous waste by the end of 1992 compared with 1985 baseline levels.
- Published
- 1991
26. Analysis of the Hazardous Material Reutilization Facilities at SUBASE Bangor and NS San Diego
- Author
-
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA, Berkin, Michael G., NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA, and Berkin, Michael G.
- Abstract
This thesis is an analysis of the hazardous material reutilization facilities at SUBASE Bangor and NS San Diego. The operations at both sites are described and a forecasting analysis is applied to determine future levels of incoming supply amounts, outgoing sales amounts, and predicted levels of hazardous material within the SUBASE Bangor facility. Cost benefit analyses are presented to determine which of three options is the most economical on-base activity for operating the facility and which of three options is the most economical for operating a hazardous waste minimization program. Using base supply personnel in a renovated building was found to be the most economical solution. Furthermore, a general eleven step hazardous waste and material management model is applied to the military.
- Published
- 1990
27. Analysis of the hazardous material reutilization facilities at SUBASE Bangor and NS San Diego
- Author
-
Henderson, David R., Trietsch, Dan, Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.), Administrative Sciences, Berkin, Michael G., Henderson, David R., Trietsch, Dan, Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.), Administrative Sciences, and Berkin, Michael G.
- Abstract
This thesis is an analysis of the hazardous material reutilization facilities at SUBASE Bangor and NS San Diego. The operations at both sites are described and a forecasting analysis is applied to determine future levels of incoming supply amounts, outgoing sales amounts, and predicted levels of hazardous material within the SUBASE Bangor facility. Cost benefit analyses are presented to determine which of three options is the most economical on-base activity for operating the facility and which of three options is the most economical for operating a hazardous waste minimization program. Using base supply personnel in a renovated building was found to be the most economical solution. Furthermore, a general eleven step hazardous waste and material management model is applied to the military., http://archive.org/details/analysisofhazard1094527551, Lieutenant, United States Navy, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
- Published
- 1990
28. FINDING NEW HOMES FOR OLD CHEMICALS.
- Author
-
BOMGARDNER, MELODY M.
- Subjects
- *
REPURPOSED materials , *HAZARDOUS waste minimization , *WASTE treatment , *SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
The article focuses on Damon Carson, owner of surplus goods buyer Repurposed Materials. Topics discussed include Carson's collection of bulk materials and information on how those products can be used in a different industry, business experience, and quantification of chemicals. Also mentioned are the hazardous materials regulation, waste reduction for sustainability, and waste treatment.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Hazardous Waste disposal possible this Saturday.
- Author
-
WALKER, JAMES
- Subjects
HAZARDOUS waste minimization ,QUALITY of life - Abstract
The article reports on the Household Hazardous Waste Collection event to be held on September 13, 2014 which will give Burnet County residents the opportunity to rid themselves of household products/materials that could be harmful to the environment and the quality of life in the Hill Country.
- Published
- 2014
30. Boeing Announced Significant Improvements In Its Environmental Performance.
- Subjects
AIRLINE industry & the environment ,HAZARDOUS waste minimization ,CARBON dioxide mitigation ,AIRCRAFT factories - Abstract
The article reports on the 2013 Environment Report by aircraft manufacturer Boeing Co. which reveals several significant developments in its environmental performance from 2007-2012. Highlights of the report include the reduction of hazardous waste, carbon dioxide emissions, and water intake in Boeing facilities since 2007, the commitment of the company to zero carbon growth by 2017, and the completion of the first ecoDemonstrator project in 2012.
- Published
- 2013
31. Hazardous waste minimization: part VII (B). Hazardous waste minimization within the Department of Defense
- Author
-
Kaminski, J. A.
- Subjects
- *
HAZARDOUS waste minimization - Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Hazardous waste minimization: part VII (A). Hazardous waste minimization within the Department of Defense
- Author
-
Kaminski, J. A.
- Subjects
- *
HAZARDOUS waste minimization - Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Hazardous waste minimization: part VI. Waste minimization in the foundry industry
- Author
-
Oman, D. E.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Part B Permit Application, Permit Modifications, and Special Permits.
- Author
-
Rudzinski, Suzanne
- Subjects
PUBLIC opinion ,LICENSES ,HAZARDOUS wastes ,HAZARDOUS waste minimization - Abstract
The article focuses on a notice issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regarding solicitation of comments on the information collection request (ICR) submitted for review to the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB). ICR entitled "Part B Permit Application, Permit Modifications, and Special Permits" defines the processes used for treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous wastes and provides detail of the site specific geologic and hydrologic information.
- Published
- 2012
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