Search

During our modern era, there are various types and numbers of chemically dangerous objects in the territory of our Republic, and they are constantly in operation. Thus, during the operation of these objects, significant reserves of dangerous chemicals of an emergency nature are used in a certain amount. According to information, thousands of tons of hazardous chemical substances are transported from one area to another in the Republic of Azerbaijan every year. So, the vehicles carrying those types of chemically dangerous substances have to pass through areas inhabited by people. Also, in case of accidents during the transportation, there may be a large number of people in the chemical contamination zone. As we know, as a result of the spillage of dangerous chemicals, the environment, living beings, people, and animals are damaged in a huge amount. In order to prevent this, a plan of various measures should be implemented. In this article, special parameters were mainly used in the study of the dispersion of dangerous chemicals as a result of an accident and risk assessment, which are used for the main work: 1. Toxodose of dangerous chemicals according to distance and effect. 2. The average concentration of dangerous chemical substances entering the human body by inhalation. 3. Site of accidental spillage of chemical hazardous substances. 4. Area coefficient of distribution of known types of hazardous chemicals. 5. Infiltration [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the risks associated with Hazardous Materials Transportation (HazMaT) events in the French chemical industry between 1981 and 2022. The study aims to analyze and assess the causes and consequences of past events using the ARIA database, which lists over 54,000 events that have taken place in France and abroad. The severity of events is classified into five categories, from near misses to catastrophic events. The study highlights the importance of risk analysis/assessment and lessons learned from past events in managing natural and technological risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transport of various hazardous materials called "dangerous goods" in carriage is subject to strict international rules. The transport of dangerous goods by road has been governed by an international agreement since 1968, but its origins go back much further. Regulations of the transport of dangerous goods by road has paramount importance for several reasons. A road accident could result in a large contaminated area, and a serious economic damage is created by the loss of the goods. In this publication, the author examines the main stages in the history of the ADR Agreement, the process of the second amendment of the Agreement and reviews the experience gained since then. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main task of safety and health at work is to protect the most important thing we have, the health of each of us. Employers are able to anticipate and prevent risks by properly implemented occupational safety and health management systems. The basic task of the article is to describe the history of safety management systems to identify the state of implementation of the ISO 45001 system in the world. Subsequently, the article describes the ISO 45001 standard from the perspective of the PDCA cycle and describes the benefits and importance of implementing the ISO 45001 standard. The conclusion of the article deals with the development trend of the occupational health and safety management system according to STN ISO 45001:2019 in the context of occupational accidents in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offshore Oil&Gas fluid production installations may be the target of intentional malicious acts (security attacks) carried out by adversaries of different nature and different motivations which may generate major events with severe consequences on workers, the environment and the property. The current study reviews the state of the art concerning the security of Offshore Oil&Gas operations, which is typically addressed according to best practices and qualitative or semi-quantitative methods. However, systematic approaches or guidelines in support of the analysis are still lacking. The current study investigates the possibility of using Adversary Sequence Diagrams (ASDs) as Security Vulnerability/Risk Assessment (SVA/SRA) supporting tools. A case study addressing a fixed Offshore Oil&Gas fluid production platform proved the ability of ASDs to provide credible attack modes within the Physical Protection System (PPS) that the adversaries have to perform in order to accomplish their objectives, as well as the security barriers that can potentially be effective in delaying and detecting the attacks, which are information required by SVA/SRA studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hazardous materials (hazmat) transportation represents, since decades, one of the main issues in the accidental risk assessment and management on road network, above all, in urban areas. This kind of transport counts a small share in respect to the overall freight transport by road in EU-28, but it continues to arouse interest due to the catastrophic consequences that its involvement may concern in case of accidents. This paper presents the development of an ICT based system to detect constantly the hazmat vehicles on the roads and to map, in real time, the potential impact area generated by the specific transported product in case of road accident. The proposed system has been realized in the framework of the European Project "LOSE+", (Logistic and Safety of freight transport) financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FESR) in the framework of the Interreg Italy-France Maritime Programme 2014-2020. The LOSE+ system consists of two main components: firstly, a network of cameras has been installed on the main arterial roads in the city of Genoa, regional capital of Liguria Region (Italy), along the coastal area near the port gates; secondly, a web-GIS platform, which in real time, provides the users with georeferenced maps related to the potential impact area of a possible accident, which involved the identified hazmat vehicles. Furthermore, the map images may be overlapped to other significant layers related to the land use and to sensible and vulnerable targets on the territory, such as hospitals or schools, modelled by the (Short-Cut Method, 2005) for the computation of the consequences analysis. The proposed LOSE+LAB system aims at providing to Public Authorities a smart tool to monitor and control hazmat circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the major accidents that can occur in process plants and in the transportation of hazardous materials, those involving fire are the most frequent ones. And one type of fire which has been the origin of severe accidents are the jet fires, which originated by the ignition of a flammable gas/vapour or spray, released through a hole, a broken pipe, a flange, etc. Jet fires often occur in rather compact processes or storage plants, and the probability of flame impingement on other equipment is rather high. In such a case, very high heat fluxes can exist, with quick and severe effects on that equipment implying a probable domino effect. The present study aims to contribute to the knowledge and prediction of the main features of jet fires, focusing on the distance over which flames impingement can occur. New expressions are proposed to predict this distance for the case of horizontal subsonic and sonic hydrocarbon jet fires, from both experimental data and the mathematical and computational modelling of the main geometrical (size, reach, elevation) features of the flame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the legal framework for hazardous substances applied in Greece, in combination with European and international legislation through the years, by addressing the core regulations enacted. These refer to the classification of hazardous substances, their transportation, the accidents' prevention and the environmental impact of such accidents. The REACH and CLP framework is presented, alongside with the adoption of its requirements by each Member State. The SEVESO III directive is analyzed, indicating the necessity of its application to more complicated cases. The significance of transportation of hazardous substances is highlighted, based on the ADR/RID/AND regulations, governing international carriage of such substances. The incorporation of Directive 2004/35/EC (ELD) regarding the environmental impact of accidents caused by hazardous substances is addressed. This analysis explicitly defines the terms this directive and its progress can establish a way of jurisdiction regarding environmental law, indicates the significance of the enforcement of the provisions regarding hazardous substances and ensures that all existing regulations conduct a more safe and environmentally friendly operation. It is essential to identify the difficulties of the establishment of a generic framework for different countries within European countries and how this frame should be updated to comprehend new members' features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To improve existing methods for safe routing when transporting hazardous materials as well as waste products. Methodology. Methods of mathematical modeling, methods of statistics, methods for predicting risks and long-term environmental consequences are used. Taking into account time factors, the distribution of population into different sections of highways is considered. Findings. Parameters of the transport network and their influence on the magnitude of the risk of an emergency situation and possible accidents in the transportation of hazardous waste (THW) are established in the work. An analysis is conducted of dangerous effects that can be caused by THW taking into account the parameters of road, transport network, type and modes of transport, and others. In order to minimize the risk of accidents during THW, it is proposed to use appropriate approaches and criteria K1 and K2, which take into account the lowest values of dangerous effects on the person during the transportation time, which allow evaluating the safety of the transportation system and the selected route, whereas their product takes into account all the possible main factors of the transportation system. Typical road and rail transport schemes have been identified to ensure a minimum number of accidents and reduce environmental and human hazards. Originality. Approaches are improved to transportation of dangerous goods by motorway and railroad, in particular, the parameters of curvature and inclination of the road, availability of settlements and bridges, meteorological conditions and traffic congestions, which improves the efficiency and safety of transportation of dangerous substances and materials. Practical value. The original mathematical models of mapping the route for transporting dangerous substances are offered while the existing ones are improved. The results of the research can be used by transport companies, public authorities in the transportation of hazardous substances and logistics and non-hazardous industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays – particularly in systems dealing with hazardous materials (HAZMAT) – in addition to minimising the cost of operations in facility location and routing problems, the risk of these operations is considered an important objective. In this paper, a new mathematical model for the location and routing in facilities and disposal sites is proposed. Also, the risk and cost of transporting goods from facilities to customers is considered. The model minimises weighted sum of the cost and risk by answering these questions: (1) where to open the facilities which produce HAZMAT; (2) where to open disposal sites; (3) to which facilities every customer should be assigned; (4) to which disposal site each facility should be assigned; (5) which route a facility should choose to serve the customers; and (6) which route a facility should choose to reach a disposal site. A novel GA is applied to solve the mathematical model. The results show the robustness of GA in terms of finding high-quality non-dominated solutions and running time. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The two-dimensional loading vehicle routing problem with partial conflicts combines two NP-hard problems: the classical vehicle routing problem and the two-dimensional bin-packing problem with partial conflicts. This new variant of transportation problems is inspired from hazardous materials classification and compatibilities, where some materials can be partially conflicting. In this case, they can be loaded together but an additional constraint on the distance separating them must be respected. We propose in this paper an NSGA-II algorithm to perform a bi-objective study in which the minimization of the total cost of transportation as well as the load balancing between different routes in terms of used area of vehicles are the considered objectives. The first results for this new problem are presented, using benchmarks available in the literature that have been adapted to deal with the problem. Moreover, the adding value of path relinking is proved with different statistical measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

• Flexible framework to justify decision about road tunnel category based on three levels of risk analysis. • Structuring the key aspects to consider when performing categorization according to dangerous goods regulations (ADR). • Simplified risk analysis approach to support categorization. • Tool assisting competent authority. The internationally adopted regulations regarding transportation of dangerous goods (ADR) contains since 2007 provisions concerning restrictions on the passage of vehicles carrying dangerous goods in road tunnels. The rules allow routing control for the transport of dangerous goods through tunnels, i.e. either granted passage through the tunnel or refer to an alternative route. Routing control is based on each tunnel is assigned to a specific category, i.e. tunnel category A–E, which to varying degrees regulate the types of goods to be allowed to go through the tunnel in order to avoid accidents with major consequences for human or tunnel construction. In this paper a comprehensive and flexible approach for categorizing road tunnels according to ADR based on risk analysis is presented. It is a logical decision model which, when followed should lead to well-founded basis for decisions regarding the appropriate categorization. Three levels of risk analysis methods is proposed; simple method, extensive method and expert assessment. In addition, a simplified risk analysis method that can be used in the risk-based categorization of existing and new tunnels is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Presenting a risk pattern according to trucks technical problems by FMEA approach. • The best trucks in Fleet of HAZMAT Transportation in order to reduce accident. • The pattern based on ADR pattern for defining safety risk assessment indices. One of the most important problems in the road fleet transportation of hazardous materials is truck accidents in which the main influential factors are the type of truck and its safety conditions. This research aimed to propose the pattern of assessing safety risk of road fleet transportation of hazardous materials and classifying trucks with a safety approach. In this research, first the safety risk contributing factors (SRCF S) and sub-safety risk contributing factors (Sub-SRCF S) of road oil trucks were identified using job hazard analysis (JHA) method and finalized by expert consensus. Thereafter, fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) was employed in order to weigh the determined SRCF S and Sub-SRCF S. Finally, the safety risk assessment pattern in road oil truck was presented considering failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) approach. The results showed that the most important SRCF S in the road fleet of hazardous materials transportation in the carrier and tank groups were "technical characteristics of the carrier" and "technical characteristics of the tank". In addition, the most important Sub-SRCF S included unsuitable inspection of the truck (tank and carrier), poor brake system, and lack of the strength of front and rear shields of the carrier. The results showed that the main causes of increased accident risk are the lack of use of front and rear shields, brake system and inappropriate inspections. The lack of systematic inspection can be the most important case to increase the risk of road transport of hazardous materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the filtration separation of hazardous materials on hazardous materials collection truck, the most popular separation devices, such as the cyclone separator and the filter cartridge, are combined to form a new filtration device in this study. The advantages of the two devices are utilized to achieve effective separation of solid particles and prevent secondary pollution. Among the various structural influence factors of filtration equipment, four structural parameters that affect the separation performance significantly are selected as optimization variables. The response surface methodology was used to design the simulation experiment. Using fluid mechanics analysis software, multiple sets of parameters were simulated. Then, the simulation data was used to establish a mathematical model of separation efficiency, and structural optimization analysis was performed based on the mathematical model. Finally, the results show that the inner exhaust pipe diameter and the cone height have more influence on the efficiency of the cyclone separation structure. The interaction between the diameter and insertion depth of the inner exhaust pipe is also obvious. Among the four optimization variables, there is an optimum value for the inner exhaust pipe insertion depth, and the effect of the other three factors on the separation efficiency is monotonic. In the case of a total separation efficiency of 99.9% and after optimizing the combined model within a reasonable interval, 81.25% of the 1-μm particles can be removed by the cyclone separation part, and only 18.75% are removed by the filter cartridge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Military Engineer / Hadmérnök is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the past 40 years the intermodal transportation has dramatically increased and this trend will continue much faster in the 21st century. Nowadays, the intermodal transportation presents the backbone of world trade. The efficiency of distribution processes is improved by integrating different modes and services of transport. Shippers, who generate the demand for transportations, carriers who supply the transportation services for the demand and also intermodal network determine the performance of the system. Transportation of dangerous goods also reaches upward trend. However, the dangerous transportations have negative effects on the environment and, if an accident occurs, can cause injuries or death. This threat presents very important reason for focusing on improving the security and efficiency for dangerous transports and avoiding of potential accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the increase of hazardous materials (Hazmat) demand and transportation, frequent Hazmat road transportation accidents had arisen the widespread concern in the community. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the risk factors’ implications, which would make the safety of Hazmat transportation evolve from “passive type” to “active type”. In order to explore the influence of risk factors resulting in accidents and predict the occurrence of accidents under the combination of risk factors, 839 accidents that have occurred for the period 2015–2016 were collected and examined. The Bayesian network structure was established by experts’ knowledge using Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. Parameter learning was conducted by the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm in Genie 2.0. The two main results could be likely to obtain the following. (1) The Bayesian network model can explore the most probable factor or combination leading to the accident, which calculated the posterior probability of each risk factor. For example, the importance of three or more vehicles in an accident leading to the severe accident is higher than less vehicles, and in the absence of other evidences, the most probable reasons for “explosion accident” are vehicles carrying flammable liquids, larger quantity Hazmat, vehicle failure, and transporting in autumn. (2) The model can predict the occurrence of accident by setting the influence degrees of specific factor. Such that the probability of rear-end accidents caused by “speeding” is 0.42, and the probability could reach up to 0.97 when the driver is speeding at the low-class roads. Moreover, the complex logical relationship in Hazmat road transportation accidents could be obtained, and the uncertain relation among various risk factors could be expressed. These findings could provide theoretical support for transportation corporations and government department on taking effective measures to reduce the risk of Hazmat road transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highways and freeways are the main infrastructure channel used to transport cargo in Brazil. This cargo often includes dangerous chemical products which can, in the event of an accident, negatively impact the environment. The development and implementation of tools for the rapid diagnosis of environmental vulnerability in the transportation of dangerous goods has been studied. However, for highways and freeways there is a lack of studies based on environmental attributes, and not just based on statistical data which demands a specific period for collection and analysis and only after that the implementation of preventive measures. Thus, evaluation grounded on multiple criteria embedded in Geographic Information System (GIS) has significant potential for the practical implementation of risk management of road transportation of dangerous goods. This study has determined the environmental vulnerability of route BR 050, specifically the segment between the cities of Uberlândia and Uberaba in the state of Minas Gerais, where multi criteria analysis has been efficient in determining the most vulnerable areas. The main attributes analyzed were the drainage density, soil type and geology, determining that in case of an accident with dangerous substances the regional environment would be immediately affected, and so endorsing the use of this tool in many segments involved in environmental management of highway enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Route optimization of hazardous materials transportation is one of the basic steps in ensuring the safety of hazardous materials transportation. The optimization scheme may be a security risk if road screening is not completed before the distribution route is optimized. For road screening issues of hazardous materials transportation, a road screening algorithm of hazardous materials transportation is built based on genetic algorithm and Levenberg–Marquardt neural network (GA-LM-NN) by analyzing 15 attributes data of each road network section. A multi-objective robust optimization model with adjustable robustness is constructed for the hazardous materials transportation problem of single distribution center to minimize transportation risk and time. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is designed to solve the problem according to the characteristics of the model. The algorithm uses an improved strategy to complete the selection operation, applies partial matching cross shift and single ortho swap methods to complete the crossover and mutation operation, and employs an exclusive method to construct Pareto optimal solutions. Studies show that the sets of hazardous materials transportation road can be found quickly through the proposed road screening algorithm based on GA-LM-NN, whereas the distribution route Pareto solutions with different levels of robustness can be found rapidly through the proposed multi-objective robust optimization model and algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of routine maintenance for trucks with cargo trucks to ensure the safety of the products in the service industry. It highlights the role of the truck drivers and service technicians to conduct tank clean-out operations for the trucks. It also cites the use of tank truck to transport liquid, solid or gaseous materials on the highways.

Copyright of Military Engineer / Hadmérnök is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The influence of Hazardous Materials on different kind of human aspects motivate scholars to increase their attention for decreasing negative impacts of them to human life. In this concern, this paper addresses a decision structure to transfer the hazardous materials to the safe location in the industries logistic system. To reach this goal, we present a new mathematical modelling problem in which location routing problem of hazardous material is addressed. To cope imprecise risk in a practical way, we define it to three kinds in the fuzzy environment including accident risk, population risk, and the bio-environmental risk. To obtain optimal results, three well-known multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) including Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm II (SPEA-II) and Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition (MOEA/D) are presented for solving ten test problems. In this case, this novelty of the model is discussed, firstly, and then proposed algorithms are compared with respect to obtained results. The results of this paper show that Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) has superior performance in terms of metrics, and Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm II (SPEA-II) beats other multi-objective evolutionary algorithms in terms of obtained number of individuals in final Pareto solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the possibility of the occurrence of tunnel fire in the transportation of spent nuclear waste to a repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada through railways. Information on a fire tunnel in Baltimore, Maryland on July 18, 2001 that involved a train with hazardous materials; Hypothetical consequences of a Baltimore-like accident that involves spent nuclear fuel; Routes being considered for the transportation of spent nuclear fuel to Yucca Mountain.

We extend the hazardous-materials (hazmat) network design problem to account for the time-dependent road closure as a policy tool to reduce hazmat transport risk by altering carriers' departure times and route choices.We formulate the time-dependent network design problem using an alternative-based model with each alternative representing a combined path and departure-time choice.We also present an extended model that can not only account for consecutive time-based road closure policies but also allow stopping at the intermediate nodes of the network in the routing/scheduling decisions of the carriers. Heuristic algorithms based on column generation and label setting are presented. To illustrate the advantages that can be gained through the use of our methodology, we present results from numerical experiments based on a transportation network from Buffalo, New York. To investigate the impact of the extensions, we consider three versions of the problem by gradually refining the model. We show that under consideration of extensions, the design policies are more applicable and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the efficiency of emergency rescue in transportation accidents of hazardous materials(HAZMAT), a Bayesian network(BN) was developed in this paper to estimate the accident handling time. Also, based on this BN, the difficulty of handling every types of accidents can be quantified. According to theoretical analysis and literature review, 7 nodes (season, time, type of road, type of HAZMAT, the former accident, the secondary accident and handling time) are used to set up the BN. The value of mutual information was calculated to refine the BN. A database of 902 transportation accident of HAZMAT cases was built up for Bayesian parameter learning. Based on the parameter learning of BN, the results were summarized as follow: (1) The BN could be used to estimate the probabilities of handling time in different periods which include ‘0 to 2 hours’, ‘2 to 4 hours’, ‘4 hours and more’. (2) The difficulty of each type of accident can be ordered as follow: rollover> rear-end> internal fault≈ impact> falling> tire fault> vehicle body fire. Leakage>combustion explosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic peroxides are materials that belong to one of the 13 classes of dangerous goods, i.e., class 5.2. They are characterized by specific hazards and, due to that fact, require strictly determined conditions of storage and transport. Regulations that govern the issue of the road transport of dangerous goods and the storage of organic peroxides are separately contained in various legal acts. Storage conditions of organic peroxides are determined in the legal regulations in the form of general guidelines, which need to be described in detail, based on expert knowledge from the entities engaged in this process. This article attempts to provide details regarding the conditions of the road transport and storage of C-type organic peroxides using the example of benzoyl peroxide (concentration 75%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transportation of hazardous materials assumes a fundamental importance, especially in urban areas, in order to identify possible alternative routes and to choose the route with minimum risk. Therefore, considering minimization risk rather than minimization distance to prevent a potential danger being transformed into a real event is necessary. In this article , a geographic information system (GIS)–based solution approach is developed to quantify the factors on each link in the network that contribute to a possible route. Based on the origin and destination of each shipment, the risks associated with the routes that minimize (1) the transport distance, (2) the population exposure, (3) the probability of an incident, and (4) the emergency response are evaluated. Proposed risk models are applied to fuel-oil transportation problem between resource point and 78 gasoline stations through the road network of Gaziantep city center. Results show that the proposed framework can contribute to the thought processes of policy-makers and carriers when they evaluate possible routes in order to minimize damage for transporting fuel oil. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Transportation of dangerous goods (DGs) is generally associated with significant levels of risk. In the context of DG transportation, risk refers to the likelihood of incurring the undesirable consequences of a possible accident. Since the probability of an accident in a link of a route might depend on a variety of factors, it is necessary to find a way to combine the pieces of evidence/probabilities to estimate the composite probability for the link. Instead of using the Bayesian approach, commonly used in the literature, which requires decision-makers to estimate prior and conditional probabilities and cannot differentiate uncertainty from ignorance, this paper presents a novel approach based on the extended Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence by constructing an adaptive robust combination rule to estimate the accident probability under conflicting evidence. A case study is carried out for the transportation of liquefied petroleum gas in the road network of Hong Kong. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For transportation of dangerous goods rail transport uses tank wagons. Structural changes can contribute to reduction in the maximum stresses, and as a result, to improvement in technical and economic characteristics of a tank wagon. In order to investigate the stress-strain state of a tank wagon the finite element model was built, its adequacy having been checked by results of analytical calculations and experiments. It has been applied for numerous researches to find the most effective bracket support structure by comparing it to the existing structure. The laws of stiffness change in radial direction and the laws of contact pressure change have been demonstrated. The improved structure has been checked by a load spectrum according to normative documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of the human factor and its importance for the evaluation of the risk on carriage of hazardous loads with automobile transport is examined in the article. A system of indicators for evaluation of the risk in this direction is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, railway operation procedures include the transportation of large amount of hazardous substances. Our research has been motivated by the desire to find concrete and urgent solutions to the safety issues of handling waste generated manly in case of accidents and disaster situations during the transportation of hazardous substances In order to ensure safety in the transportation of dangerous goods, and to facilitate the fast and efficient waste handling of hazardous substances released into the environment during unexpected events, we have elaborated a new method, in which we suggest the radiofrequency identification of dangerous consignments in case of disaster situations by the use of drones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the hazardous goods transportation equipment state real-time monitoring and control system with TMS320F2812 of TI company as the core, through the shaping of the sensor into the alcohol gas signal, filtering, amplification, a / D conversion, A / D conversion using F2812 comes with 12 bit A / D converter, continuous sampling signal monitoring gas concentration change and through the acquisition of temperature and humidity signal, the gas concentration data were temperature and humidity compensation, accurate measurement, calibration gas data can be secondary sound and light alarm, and the MAX232 and PC data transfer, at any time to check and call history. Good monitoring and control to make the system more stable. System mainly includes sensor for gas detection, temperature detection pass, humidity sensor, signal conversion and processing unit, A / D conversion circuit, sound and light alarm unit, RS232 communication module, the battery monitoring unit, a gas pump control unit. DSP main program using modular programming, completed the DSP initialization of the main program module, real-time communication with the PC module and system function module test program design. Laboratory research on gas monitoring and control system scheme is designed in this paper for tankers physical model. and on this basis, focusing on the completion of the core part of the control system in the control card design and implementation. This system can realize the monitoring of the whole process of leakage of hazardous goods transport equipment, once dangerous goods transport vehicles of hazardous chemicals spill occurred, the system can real-time detection to the leakage and alarm, the modern crisis of goods logistics provides a security solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fires following road or railway accidents may escalate and cause catastrophic loss of containment and extremely severe final scenarios when hazardous material tankers are engulfed in flames. A heat-resistant coating is usually adopted to protect such tankers. However, defects may form on the coating due to wear, erosion, or accidental failures, thereby affecting the effectiveness of the thermal protection. In the present study, a methodology was developed to assess the performance of thermal protection coatings in the presence of defects. A thermal model based on finite element modeling (FEM) was developed to reproduce the behavior of tankers coated with defective insulation when exposed to fires. Experimental data were used to validate the model, which allowed to determine the temperature profile of tank shell with respect to time under different fire conditions. Specific key performance indicators (KPIs), calculated on the basis of the results of FEM simulations, were defined. The KPIs allow the identification of threshold conditions in which fireproofing performance is degraded and jeopardizes the structural integrity of the protected vessel when involved in fire. An approach based on the KPIs was developed to support the implementation of on-condition inspection-based maintenance strategies of thermal coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focused on hazardous materials vehicle scheduling between multiple routes. A mixed integer programming model was formulated to maximize profit and minimize the risk cost of the densely populated area, and the effect of limited capacity of vehicle and scheduling cost was involved explicitly. The main decisions were determining transportation price and vehicle scheduling. Using hierarchical solving method, we presented optimal vehicle quantity without generalized allocating cost and time constraints to allocating capacity firstly. Then, a search procedure was put forward to check the feasibility of it to time constraints, and optimal vehicle quantity that satisfied to time constraints was given, which is proved at mathematics. Finally, on this basis the search mechanism was revised to calculate the minimum of generalized vehicle allocation cost. The validity of it was verified by the numerical examples. Compared with the case that there is no vehicle allocating between different routes, the model with vehicle scheduling could reduce transportation price and increase realized demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the larger and larger proportion of hazardous material (hazmat) transportation occupying in the national economy, more and more researchers focus on this field. With the mature of fuzzy theory, this paper puts forward a model with three constraints, they are capacity, time window, risk respectively. It assumes that the travel time and the risk are both fuzzy variables, the risk is calculated by the affected people number multiply the accident probability. The goal is to obtain the best route schedule under the three constraints. This paper simultaneously designs the genetic algorithm based on fuzzy simulation. In the end, two cases are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates a dynamic model of conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) measure for risk assessment and mitigation of hazardous material transportation in supply chain networks. The well-established market risk measure, CVaR, which is commonly used by financial institutions for portfolio optimizations, is investigated. In contrast to previous works, we consider CVaR as the main objective in the optimization of hazardous material (hazmat) transportation network. In addition to CVaR minimization and route planning of a supply chain network, the time scheduling of hazmat shipments is imposed and considered in the present study. Pertaining to the general dynamic risk model, we analyzed several scenarios involving a variety of hazmats and time schedules with respect to optimal route selection and CVaR minimization. A solution algorithm is then proposed for solving the model, with verifications made using numerical examples and sensitivity analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite significant advances in risk management, the routing of hazardous materials (hazmat) has relied on relatively simplistic methods. In this paper, we apply an advanced risk measure, called conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), for routing hazmat trucks. CVaR offers a flexible, risk-averse, and computationally tractable routing method that is appropriate for hazmat accident mitigation strategies. The two important data types in hazmat transportation are accident probabilities and accident consequences, both of which are subject to many ambiguous factors. In addition, historical data are usually insufficient to construct a probability distribution of accident probabilities and consequences. This motivates our development of a new robust optimization approach for considering the worst-case CVaR (WCVaR) under data uncertainty. We study important axioms to ensure that both the CVaR and WCVaR risk measures are coherent and appropriate in the context of hazmat transportation. We also devise a computational method for WCVaR and demonstrate the proposed WCVaR concept with a case study in a realistic road network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study robust network design problems for hazardous materials transportation considering risk uncertainty. Risk uncertainty is considered in two ways: (1) uncertainty on each link for each shipment, and (2) uncertainty on each link across all shipments. We extend an existing heuristic framework to solve these two robust network design problems and propose a Lagrangian relaxation heuristic to solve subproblems within the framework. We present our computational experiences and illustrate general insights based on real networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We design routes for transportation of hazardous materials (HAZMAT) in urban areas, with multiple origin-destination pairs. First, we introduce the maxisum HAZMAT routing problem, which maximizes the sum of the population-weighted distances from vulnerable centers to their closest point on the routes. Secondly, the maximin-maxisum HAZMAT routing problem trades-off maxisum versus the population-weighted distance from the route to its closest center. We propose efficient IP formulations for both NP-Hard problems, as well as a polynomial heuristic that reaches gaps below 0.54% in a few seconds on the real case in the city of Santiago, Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]