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OBJECTIVE: This study will explore whether the femoral neck osteotomy angle (FNOA) has an effect on hip anatomical functional reconstruction and clinical outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 254 patients (296 hips) who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty using the same uncemented short stem (Tri-Lock BPS) between December 2018 and December 2019. Correlations between FNOA and the radiologic and clinical outcomes of patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Patients were divided into 3 groups according to different FNOA. FNOA ≤50° is Group A, 50°< FNOA <55° Group B, and FNOA ≥55° Group C. There were significant differences among the three groups in distal D1 (p=0.029), sitting proud (SP) (p<0.001), varus and valgus alignment (p<0.001), FO (p=0.001), and caput-collum-diaphysis angle (CCD) (p<0.001). There were significant differences in the incidence of complications among the three groups (p<0.007). There was a significant linear correlation with D1 (B=0.005, CI=0.002 to 0.008, p=0.004), SP (B=-0.266, CI=-0.286 to 0.166, p<0.001), the femoral stem varus-valgus alignment angle (B=-0.359, CI=-0.422 to -0.297, p<0.001), femoral offset (FO) (B=-0.500, CI=-0.795 to -0.205, p=0.001), and CCD (B=0.696, CI=0.542 to 0.849, p<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, inappropriate FNOA increased the risk of dislocation (OR=0.892, CI=0.812 to 0.979, p=0.016) and thigh pain (OR=0.920, CI=0.851 to 0.995, p=0.037). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates the relationship between FNOA and short-term radiological and clinical outcomes of patients after THA using a Tri-Lock femoral prosthesis. Inappropriate FNOA was significantly associated with failure of hip anatomical reconstruction and a higher risk of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An optical triplex transceiver (TRx) module, which consists of thin-film filter (TFF)-attached wavelength-division multiplexer (WDM) and photodiode (PD) carriers, has been fabricated using a silica planar lightwave circuit (PLC) hybrid integration technology. Two types of TFFs were attached to a diced sidewall of a silica-terraced PLC platform to realize the TFF-attached WDM. The PD carriers with a 45deg mirror, on which receiving surface-illuminated PDs were bonded, were assembled with the PLC platform to form receiver (Rx) parts. As the main performances of the packaged TRx module, a very clear transmitter (Tx) eye pattern and minimum Rx sensitivity of -25.7 dBm were obtained under a 1.25-Gb/s Tx-Rx operation for digital applications. For an analog Rx application, a module responsivity of about 0.8 A/W was achieved, and a second-order intermodulation distortion value of less than -70 dBc at an optical modulation index of 40% was obtained under a two-tone test of 400 and 450 MHz [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Based on the particle cup impactor configuration, an inlet for sampling fine particles smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter was designed for operation at a flow rate of 25 l/min. To determine the optimal dimensions of the particle cup impactor applicable to the PM[sub 2.5] inlet, calibration experiments were carried out at wind velocities of 2 and 24 km/h in a wind tunnel. It was noted that the particle cup impactor having an impaction nozzle diameter of 3.2 mm and the nozzle-to-cup spacing of 3.6 mm yielded a sharp size cutoff. Supplementary experiments were conducted on sampling performance with the inlet having the optimally selected configuration at a near-zero wind speed in the test chamber. Results of the tests showed the inlet had a cutoff size of 2.43 μm in aerodynamic diameter, at 25 l/min, and that particles larger than 2.5 μm were trapped in the cup. Additional experiments covering a flow rate between 10 and 40 l/min with particle sizes between 0.8 and 4.3 μm were conducted in the test chamber. A field test was performed to examine the PM[sub 2.5] inlet in real situations. The performance indicated that the inlet design met the basic requirements of fine-particle sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is focused to evaluate the effectiveness of a denitrifying filter system for the tertiary effluent polishing process. Operational results from the laboratory-scale denitrifying filter using sand media of 90 cm depth showed that a successful application largely depended on the design of filtration rate, amount ofexternal carbon source supplied, and bumping operation. A deterioration of SS quality in the final effluent was caused by the reduced empty bed detention time (EBDT) due to the increase of filtration rate. Up to 96% of NO3-N removal efficiency was consistently achieved by the addition of methanol as a carbon source and with EBDT ofless than 18 minutes. It is noticed that the production of low SS effluent from the denitrifying filter largely depended on the bumping operation. The frequent bumping operation was a major source of SS washout from the filter. The negative effect of the bumping operation inthe single-stage filter was minimized by the design of the shallow bed 2-stage filter system. Although the denitrification rate at 10 deg.C was reduced to 4.8 mg NO3-Nremoved/grVSS/hr,a practical level of nitrate removal would be achieved by appropriate design. (c) 1997 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After COVID-19 pandemic, there are still many public health challenges in the world. The double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases is still heavy in many countries. Mental health and injury are crucial public health problems which are often neglected. Environmental health and food and drug safety are closely related to human health, to which further management and intervention are needed. These problems have different impacts on people at different life stages, resulting in health problems throughout the life course. The current status of public health is far from the requirements set by the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations or the initiative of "Healthy China 2030". It is necessary for governments and related departments of all countries to consider public health in all policy development to tackle the major challenge to public health.

Objective: To describe the epidemiological distribution characteristics of peripheral blood mosaic chromosomal alteration (mCA) in community adults aged 30-79 years in 10 regions of China. Methods: A total of 100 297 participants with complete baseline information (demographic characteristics, lifestyle, physical examination, etc .) and genotyping data of blood-derived DNA in ten regions of the China Kadoorie Biobank study were included. The mCAs were detected with the Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations pipeline, and logistic regression models were used to compare the differences in the detection rate of mCAs in different regions and populations. Results: A total of 5 810 mCA carriers were detected, with the detection rate of 5.8%. The standardized detection rate was 5.1%. The baseline detection rate of mCA increased with age, which were 3.4%, 5.0%, and 9.4% in those aged 30-, 51-, and >60 years, respectively (trend test P <0.001). A more significant proportion of mCAs were found in men (8.0%) than women (4.0%), as well as in urban areas (6.4%) than in rural areas (5.3%), the difference was significant ( P <0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, the detection rate of mCA was higher in current smokers or people quitting smoking due to illness and people with low physical activity level, and the mCA detection rate was lower in obesy people (5.3%) than that in people with normal body weight (5.9%) ( P =0.006). Conclusions: The detection rate of mCAs varied with region and population in community adults aged 30-79 years in 10 regions of China. The study results might contribute to the molecular identification of aging populations and guide precision prevention of age-related diseases such as cancers.

Somatic mosaicism is defined as the occurrence and accumulation of somatic mutations in humans, and mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCA) are recognized as one of the aging phenotypes due to their impact on genome integrity. With the coming acceleration of global population aging, understanding the prevalence and influencing factors of mCA will help to explore the "genomic instability" of human aging and its biological mechanisms and provide the scientific basis for the primary prevention of age-related diseases. This review aims to summarize the epidemiological distribution and influencing factors of autosomal mCA in peripheral blood based on previous large-scale population-based studies.

Rapidly upgraded digital technology has impacted all walks of life, and public health field is also undergoing a digital transformation. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the wide use of digital technology in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, greatly enhancing the capacity of public health system in emergency response and routine disease prevention and control. This article summarizes the definition of digital public health, applications of digital technology in the prevention and control of infectious diseases and chronic non-communicable diseases, as well as in public health surveillance, discusses the challenges in the development of digital public health and introduces the eight principles for digital transformation of public health proposed by the Pan American Health Organization.

Objective: To comparatively evaluate the scan time and the accuracy of maxillary full-arch scans using four intraoral scanners (IOS) on conditions of the intraoral head-simulator and the hand-held model, and to evaluate the influence of different scanning conditions on digital scan. Methods: A upper dental arch model with melamine-formaldehyde resin teeth and silica gel gingiva that could be fixed on a head simulator was scanned with an optical scanner (ATOS Core) in order to obtain the standard tessellation language dataset as reference. Intraoral scans were performed on the model fixed on the head simulator by three researchers with four IOS [A: TRIOS 3; B: CS 3600; C: CEREC Omnicam; D: iTero]. For each scanner and each researcher, six scans were performed, to obtain the datasets as the head simulator group. And another six scans with each of the four intraoral scanners were performed by each researcher on the hand-held model to obtain the STL datasets as the hand-held group. The scan time were recorded for each scan. In the Geomagic Wrap software, the digital models were trimmed with only the teeth information retained and supreimposed by best fit alignment function and compared to obtain the root mean square (RMS) values of the discrepancies by three-dimensional compare function. The test datasets of each group were compared with the reference dataset for trueness. The six test scanning datasets with the same scanner of the same researcher were cross compared for precision. Mann Whitney U test was used to statistically analyze the difference values of the scan time, trueness and precision of the same intraoral scanner between head simulator group and hand-held group. Results: Compared to the hand-held group, the scan time of A [142(82) s] and D [119(52) s], which two IOS both with handle, were longer in head simulator group [A: 98(28) s; D: 85(22) s] ( P <0.01). However there were no significant differences between the two groups for scan time of IOS B and C ( P >0.05). For full-arch scan accuracy (trueness and precision), there were no significant differences between the two groups of IOS A and B ( P >0.05), while the trueness of C ( P <0.05) and the precision of D ( P <0.01) were better in head simulator group [C: 112(38) μm; D: 43(13) μm] compared to hand-held group [C: 135(47) μm; D: 53(18) μm]. However, there were no significant differences for the precision of C ( P >0.05) and the trueness of D ( P >0.05). Conclusions: The scan time and the accuracy of full-arch digital scans with different IOS may be effected by the scan conditions. For in vitro study of intraoral scanning, head-simulator can simulate the intraoral environment of the real patient to some extent. Meanwhile, the position of the dentist and the patient, and also the limited intraoral space during intraoral scanning are also simulated.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of heart failure in China and to explore the prospective association between smoking behavior and the risk of incident heart failure. Methods: The subjects were from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) and the baseline survey was conducted from June 2004 to July 2008. A total of 487 197 subjects were included in this study, after excluding those with missing BMI information, lost follow-up immediately after baseline investigation, and self-reported coronary heart disease, stroke, or malignant tumor at baseline. This study included data from baseline and follow-up until December 31, 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between smoking behavior and the risk of heart failure. Results: The median follow-up time was 10.15 years, during which a total of 4 208 new cases of heart failure occurred, with a crude incidence rate of 0.87/1 000 person-years and a cumulative incidence rate of 0.86%. The higher the age at baseline, the higher the incidence of heart failure. The incidence of heart failure in high age group, rural area and male was higher than that in low age group, urban area and female population respectively. Compared with non-smokers, there was no significant difference in the risk of heart failure in occasional smokers ( HR =1.05; 95% CI : 0.91-1.22), while former smokers ( HR =1.48; 95% CI :1.31-1.67) and current smokers ( HR =1.34;95% CI :1.22-1.49) increased risk. Former smokers ( HR =1.33;95% CI :1.21-1.46) and current smokers ( HR =1.46; 95% CI :1.31-1.64) had higher risk of heart failure than non-smokers or occasional smokers. No dose-response relationship was observed between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the risk of heart failure in current and former smokers (for trend P =0.347 and 0.066). Compared with non-smokers or occasional smokers, the hazard ratios of <5, 5-, 10- and ≥20 years since quit smoking were 1.61 (95% CI : 1.36-1.92), 1.55 (95% CI : 1.27-1.90), 1.24 (95% CI : 1.02-1.51) and 1.35 (95% CI : 1.08-1.68), respectively (for trend P =0.091). The hazard ratios of quitting smoking due to disease and other reasons were 1.62 (95% CI :1.41-1.86) and 1.23 (95% CI : 1.04-1.45). Healthy smoking behaviors had a significant protective effect on heart failure compared with non-healthy smoking behaviors ( HR =0.75, 95% CI :0.69-0.81). Area and family history of coronary heart disease, and the smoking behaviors interacted with the risk of heart failure (for all interactions were P <0.05). Conclusions: The incidence of heart failure in China is higher in males than females, higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and increases with age. Both former smokers and current smokers had a higher risk of heart failure than nonsmokers or occasional smokers, regardless of the frequency, amount, duration, and reason for quitting. Smoking is an important risk factor for heart failure and comprehensive anti-smoking measures should be maintained.

Since the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), universities have carried out online education for public health and preventive medicine courses under the policy of "Suspending Classes Without Stopping Learning" launched by the Chinese government. The Public Health and Preventive Medicine Committee of the Ministry of Education Steering Committee for Medical Education investigated the online teaching activities in the member universities. This study presents the survey results, discusses the existing problems, and proposes suggestions for further reforms on mixed teaching activities.

Objective: To explore the associations between perceived built environment attributes and adults' leisure-time physical activity in four cities of China. Methods: Multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select adults aged 25 to 64 in Hangzhou, Suzhou, Chengdu, and Qingdao. Data were collected from June 2017 to July 2018. The perception of the urban built environment was assessed by the neighborhood environment walkability scale-abbreviated (NEWS-A), and the physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Generalized linear mixed models were used to explore the relationship between the perceived built environment and leisure-time physical activities. Results: A total of 3 789 participants were included in the analysis. After adjusting for potential confounders, better access to public services ( OR =1.34, 95% CI : 1.02-1.75) and higher aesthetic quality ( OR =1.37, 95% CI : 1.09-1.73) were positively associated with the possibility of engaging in leisure-time physical activity in the past week. Similarly, these two attributes were positively associated with leisure-time walking. Higher scores on the perception of street connectivity were positively associated with leisure-time walking [ exp ( β )=1.09, 95% CI : 1.00-1.19]. Higher residential density [ exp ( β )=1.000 4, 95% CI :1.000 0-1.000 8], better access to physical activity destinations[ exp ( β )=1.09, 95% CI : 1.00-1.19], and better aesthetics [ exp ( β )=1.11, 95% CI :1.00-1.22] were associated with higher leisure-time physical activity. Similarly, these three attributes were positively associated with the possibility of meeting the WHO recommendations. Conclusion: Changing some urban built environment attributes may increase leisure-time physical activity.

Esophageal cancer has a high incidence among malignancies in China, but a comprehensive picture of the status of its surgical management in China has hitherto not been available. A nationwide database has recently been established to address this issue., Method: A National Database was setup through a network platform, and data was collected from 70 high-volume centers (>100 esophagectomies/per year) across China. Data was entered between January 2009 and December 2014, and was analyzed in June 2015 after a minimal follow-up of 6 months for all patients. 8181 patients with complete data who received surgery for primary esophageal cancer on the Database were included in the analysis., Result: In this series, there were 6052 males and 2129 females, with a mean age of 60.5 years (range: 22-90 years). The pathology in 95.5% of patients was squamous cell carcinoma. The pathological stage distribution was 1.2% in stage 0, 2.5% in Ia, 11.5% in Ib, 14.8% in IIa, 36.1% in IIb, 19.3% in IIIa, 8.3% in IIIb, 6.2% in IIIc. 1800 patients (22.0%) with locally advanced disease received preoperative neoadjuvant therapy and 3592 patients (43.9%) underwent postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The esophagectomies were performed through left thoracotomy approach in 5870 cases (72.6%), through right chest approach in 2215 cases (27.4%) including right thoracotomy (21.3%) and VATS (6.1%). The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 0.6% (43 patients), and the overall postoperative complication rate was 11.6% (951 patients). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 82.6%, 61.6%, and 52.9%, respectively., Conclusion: This National Registry Database from high-volume centers provides a comprehensive picture of surgical management for esophageal cancer in China for the first time. Squamous cell carcinoma predominates, but there is heterogeneity with respect to the surgical approach and perioperative oncologic management. Overall, surgical mortality and morbidity rates are low, and good survival rates have been achieved due to improvement of surgical treatment technology in recent years., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and current status of surgical management for esophageal cancer in China. Methods: A national database was setup through a network platform. The clinical data of esophageal cancer treated by surgery was collected from 70 major hospitals in China between January 2009 and December 2014. Results: Complete data of 8 181 cases of esophageal cancer patients who underwent surgery were recorded in the database and recruited in the analysis. Among them, 6 052 cases were male and 2 129 were female, the average age was 60.5 years.The epidemiological investigation results showed that 148 cases (1.8%) had history of psychological trauma, 7 527 cases (92.0%) were lower social economic status, 5 072 cases (62.0%) were short of fresh vegetables and fruits, 6 544 cases (80.0%) ate rough food frequently, 3 722 cases (45.5%) drank untreated water directly from lake or river or shallow well, 3 436 cases (42.0%) had a unhealthy eating habit, including habits of eating food fast (507 cases, 6.2%), eating hot food or drinking hot tea/soup (998 cases, 12.2%), eating fried food (1 939 cases, 23.7%), 4 410 cases (53.9%) had the habits of smoking cigarettes and 2 822 cases (34.5%) drank white wine frequently.The pathological results showed that 7 813 cases (95.5%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 267 cases were adenocarcinoma (3.3%), 25 cases were adenosquamous cell carcinoma (0.3%) and 50 cases were small cell carcinoma (0.6%). A total of 1 800 cases (22.0%) received preoperative neoadjuvant therapy due to locally advanced disease or difficulty of resection. The esophagectomies were performed through left thoracotomy approach in 5 870 cases (71.8%), through right chest approach in 2 215 cases (27.1%), and the remain 96 cases (1.2%) received surgery though other approaches.A total of 8 001 cases (97.8%) underwent radical resection, the other 180 cases (2.2%) received palliative resection. The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 0.5%, the overall ≥ grade Ⅱ postoperative complication rate was 11.6% (951 cases). The 1-yr, 3-yr, and 5-yr overall actual survival rates were 82.6%, 61.6%, and 52.9%, respectively. Conclusions: The data analysis of the national database for esophageal cancer shows that bad eating habits or eating rough food without enough nutrients, lower social and economic status, drinking white wine and smoking cigarettes frequently may be correlated with tumorigenesis of esophageal cancer. However, strong evidences produced by prospective observation studies are needed. Overall, the long-term survival of esophageal cancer patients has been improved gradually due to the application of advanced surgical techniques and reasonable multimodality treatment.

A Strain DDB001 having an ability to remove deoxynivalenol (DON) was successfully isolated from wheat field soil. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, the strain DDB001 was identified as Paradevosia shaoguanensis. Strain DDB001 could grow well and thoroughly eliminate 200 mg l -1 of DON in complete growth medium, but it could not utilize DON as the sole carbon source for growth in mineral salt medium. Analysing DON transformation products by HPLC-MS assumed that the strain could transform DON into a less toxic stereoisomer, 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON). In addition, it did not require preincubation with DON for the expression of DON-transforming activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that a Paradevosia strain has the capability of DON-transforming. Therefore, strain DDB001 can be considered as a useful tool in feed decontamination., Significance and Impact of the Study: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most frequently found mycotoxins in all major cereal grains worldwide. A DON-transforming bacterium, Paradevosia shaoguanensis DDB001, was isolated from wheat field soil. This study is the first report on isolation of a member of the genus Paradevosia as a potent DON-transformation micro-organism. The isolated bacterium has the potential to be utilized for detoxification of DON-contaminated feed., (© 2017 The Society for Applied Microbiology.)

The main aim of this study was to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential target molecules of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The miRNA (GSE32678) and mRNA (GSE32676) expression profiles of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and healthy controls were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed miRNA and differentially expressed genes were identified by analyzing the microarray algorithm after data preprocessing. Functional analysis was conducted by the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Analysis. miRNA-mRNA regulation pairs were obtained in TarMir database. The node degree of hsa-miR-200c, hsa-miR-429, and hsa-miR-200b (miRNA), and EFNB2, MYRIP, and PHF17 (mRNA) were extremely high in the miRNA-mRNA network, indicating that these miRNA and mRNA may play a key role in the development of pancreatic cancer. Our study screened out some target miRNAs and mRNAs for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, which may be helpful in its diagnosis and treatment.

Open reading frame 1 (ORF1) of potexviruses encodes a viral replicase comprising three functional domains: a capping enzyme at the N terminus, a putative helicase in the middle, and a polymerase at the C terminus. To verify the enzymatic activities associated with the putative helicase domain, the corresponding cDNA fragment from bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) was cloned into vector pET32 and the protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by metal affinity chromatography. An activity assay confirmed that the putative helicase domain has nucleoside triphosphatase activity. We found that it also possesses an RNA 5'-triphosphatase activity that specifically removes the gamma phosphate from the 5' end of RNA. Both enzymatic activities were abolished by the mutation of the nucleoside triphosphate-binding motif (GKS), suggesting that they have a common catalytic site. A typical m(7)GpppG cap structure was formed at the 5' end of the RNA substrate when the substrate was treated sequentially with the putative helicase domain and the N-terminal capping enzyme, indicating that the putative helicase domain is truly involved in the process of cap formation by exhibiting its RNA 5'-triphosphatase activity.