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Primary sarcoma of the ovary is extremely rare. There are inadequate data in the literature regarding ovarian sarcoma in the pediatric age group. We report a case of an 8-year-old girl presenting with large abdominal mass and cachexia. Raised alpha-fetoprotein levels suggested germ cell tumor. Tru-cut biopsy histopathological report suggested a spindle cell tumor. The IHC staining suggested non rhabdomyosarcoma. As tumour was large and ovarian pediatric non rhabdomyosarcoma was not reported in the literature, we started on rhabdomyosarcoma neoadjuant regimen. Good response was noted for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which was followed by complete surgical excision of the tumor and radiotherapy. At present, the overall outcome of the disease is dismal. Increased available data and gaining more evidence may help in improvising the treatment option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is defined as anatomical or functional obstruction to the flow of urine from the pelvis to the upper ureter. This may be unilateral or bilateral. Most of the hydronephrosis cases are due to Pyelo-ureteral junction obstruction (PUJO) which can be diagnosed antenatally. The treatment protocol for antenatal diagnosed PUJO is standardized. Few children present later in life. Present study was done to evaluate clinical profile and outcome of infants and children (<12years) presenting with PUJO. Methods: A retrospective observational study conducted by the department of Paediatric Surgery, SDM hospital Dharwad. All children with age less than 12 years with PUJO from March 2017 to March 2020 were included in the study (n=51). Initial evaluation was done with Ultrasound KUB (Kidney, Ureter, Bladder). A diuretic renogram/EC (Ethylene cysteine) was done to confirm the diagnosis. The children were managed both conservatively and surgically (Pyeloplasty), depending on the presentation. The children were followed up post-surgery. Results: Fifty one patients were included in the study. Mean age of presentation was 31±30 months. Most common presentation was pain abdomen which was seen in 9 patients (17.6%). 6 patients (11.7%) presented with Lump and 2(4%) presented with fever. Left kidney was commonly involved (66%). Males predominate (80%). The mean antero-posterior pelvic dimension (APPD) of involved kidney was 30mm with range from 12.5mm to 68mm. 4 (7.8%) children presented with poorly functioning kidney with split renal function less than 10%. PUJO was associated with Pelvic calculi, VUR, Horseshoe kidney, Mal-rotated kidney. Out of the 51 patients, 9 (17.6%) were kept in conservative management 42 (82.3%) underwent Pyeloplasty. Among 42, 1 underwent redopyeloplasty and 1 underwent nephrectomy. In rest of the operated patients (Post-pyeloplasty) diuretic renogram showed improved drainage with improved function. Conclusions: PUJO is common cause of urinary obstruction in children. Earlier the diagnosis, better the outcome. Delay in diagnosis or presentation leads to increased chances of renal damage and loss. Hence it is important to diagnose PUJ obstruction at the earliest and receive prompt treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous polymer (MP-SO3H) catalyst was prepared via post-synthetic modification of mesoporous polydivinylbenzene by incorporating a sulfonic acid moiety using conc. H2SO4. The synthesized materials were characterized via several physicochemical techniques and their performance was evaluated for the room-temperature liquid-phase acetalization of glycerol with acetone. The MP-SO3H catalyst performed better than other conventional solid acid catalysts, with a 94% glycerol conversion and 98.5% selectivity for solketal. The high activity of the MP-SO3H catalyst was attributed to the facile diffusion of reactants and products in the mesoporous environment as well as to the high acidity. Glycerol conversion increased with increase in the total acidity of the catalyst. In addition, the acidity and surface density of (H+) ions were found to have a direct correlation with the catalyst performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Analyzeexperience with presentation, diagnosis and management of accidental ingested upper digestive tract foreign bodies in children. Materials: A prospective study of 60 pediatric patients from July 2009 to July 2014 with history of accidental ingested upper gastro intestinal foreign bodies. All patients were studied for age, gender, complaints, duration, site of impaction, type and complications. Radiological investigationswere taken according to the case. Direct laryngoscopy and Magill forceps or flexible esophagoscopy has been used for retrieval of foreign bodies. Results: Sixty caseswere analyzed age between 6months to 13 years. Male 42 and female 18. Age group 6months to 6 years constitutes 85%. Thirty six (60%) patients arrived to hospitalwithin 24 hours. Difficultly in swallowing (70%)was themost frequent symptom. Most foreign bodies were coin in the upper esophagus (70%). Preexisting esophageal disease was present in 20%. Out of 60 patients twenty four (40%) FB retrieved using Magill forceps and rest with Flexible esophagoscopy (60%). Foreign bodies were successfully removed without major complication in all cases. Mucosal erosions were seen in four patients after extraction. All patients except 4 were dischargedwithin 24 hours after the procedure. Conclusion: Children between 6 month to 6 years is the commonest age group affected. Magill forceps with the aid of a direct laryngoscope is a safe and effective method for proximal esophageal foreign body removal. But flexible esophagoscopy remains the safestmethod of upper digestive tract foreign body extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycerol carbonate was synthesized by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate using KF supported catalyst. KF was impregnated on various oxides and non-oxide supports like Al 2O 3, SiO 2, ZnO, ZrO 2, H-beta, and carbon to study the influence of the support on the catalytic performance. The preparation procedure of supported KF catalysts was modified to remove weakly adsorbed KF from the catalyst surface. The generation of basic sites by KF depends upon the extent of KF interaction with the support. KF/Al 2O 3 catalyst with optimized amount of 3.8 mmol KF, gave the highest activity with 95.8 % glycerol conversion and almost 100 % selectivity for glycerol carbonate. It was truly heterogeneous without any leaching of active sites and also showed good reusability. The catalyst exhibited better performance when compared to conventional solid base catalysts such as MgO, CaO and hydrotalcite. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]