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This article focuses in part on Patrick Shen's 2012 documentary La Source, which recounts the return of Josue Lajeunesse from the United States to Haiti, his country of origin. His mission is to help his hometown find a dependable supply of clean water following the January 2010 earthquake. I compare this documentary to Jacques Roumain's 1943 novel Gouverneurs de la rosée, (Masters of the Dew). Taken by itself, Shen's documentary is an uplifting snapshot of a valiant man's heroic efforts to help his homeland; in light of Haitian literary history, however, La Source assumes a different tenor: Masters of the Dew depicts a similar, heroic journey by a Haitian to find a dependable supply of clean water for his hometown, albeit decades prior to the events in Shen's documentary. This article compares these two texts and examines how they signal evolving visions of heroism within a Haitian cultural context. I argue that—when viewed jointly—the type of heroism in one text casts doubt on the heroism of the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the use of a mental health mobile clinic to overcome two major challenges to the provision of mental healthcare in resource-limited settings: the shortage of trained specialists; and the need to improve access to safe, effective, and culturally sound care in community settings. Employing task-shifting and supervision, mental healthcare was largely delivered by trained, non-specialist health workers instead of specialists. A retrospective chart review of 318 unduplicated patients assessed and treated during the mobile clinic’s first two years (January 2012 to November 2013) was conducted to explore outcomes. These data were supplemented by a quality improvement questionnaire, illustrative case reports, and a qualitative interview with the mobile clinic’s lead community health worker. The team evaluated an average of 42 patients per clinic session. The most common mental, neurological, or substance abuse (MNS) disorders were depression and epilepsy. Higher follow-up rates were seen among those with diagnoses of bipolar disorder and neurological conditions, while those with depression or anxiety had lower follow-up rates. Persons with mood disorders who were evaluated on at least two separate occasions using a locally developed depression screening tool experienced a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. The mental health mobile clinic successfully treated a wide range of MNS disorders in rural Haiti and provided care to individuals who previously had no consistent access to mental healthcare. Efforts to address these common barriers to the provision of mental healthcare in resource-limited settings should consider supplementing clinic-based with mobile services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decade, a new generation of filmmakers has committed to establishing a local film market via the film school, Ciné Institute, in Jacmèl, Haiti. Film production in Haiti today, grounded in a virtually non-existent cinema historiography, is particularly challenged by the neocolonial politics following the earthquake in Haiti in 2010 and Hurricane Matthew in 2016. Via lowest-budget productions, Haiti’s filmmakers are not only contributing to new modes of translocal media production but are also attempting to create economically viable exhibition networks and subsequent distribution infrastructures on a transglobal scale. This analysis draws on the local prolificacy and global orientation of Haiti’s emerging film cultures, and demonstrates that both aspects are influenced by and intervene in the broader contexts of geo-political debates in global cinema. Finally, this study considers the extent to which Haiti contributes to new configurations of film and media cultures in the Caribbean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social inequities are made possible by and compounded by knowledge inequity. Accordingly, new and more vehicles are needed in which different and transformative knowledges can chart new possibilities, practices, and meanings for rural people. One way forward is to work toward an ecology of knowledges in which the need for many types of knowledge is recognized and different knowledges are respected. Drawing on case study and 'photo-voice' research with women in rural Ethiopia, this article uses a practice theory approach to explore the possibilities of knowledge dialogue among different types of knowledge and skill. Recognizing the wide spectrum of deep knowledge and skill employed in local practice, and understanding how all knowledges are rooted in social context, actors can find common ground to dialogue through methods of praxis and narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an essay on the various humanitarian issues in Haiti. The author highlights the impact of media in widening the gap and segregation between highly developed countries and third world countries, and examines the social and economic condition in Haiti wherein the author notes the conflicts in the country brought by differences.

This paper analyses the existing and perceived rules and restrictions of the global development dispositif working to maintain inequalities in the interactions of international NGOs (INGOs) and Haitian organisations. It does so by exploring constructions of partnership and their clashing realities. Development organisations and agencies have influenced the fabric of Haitian society and politics not only by their mere presence but also by the rules they impose. The paper identifies positions of power and decision making by drawing on Foucauldian tools of discourse analysis. The analysis is based on empirical fieldwork carried out in Haiti between 2012 and 2014. It identifies a narrative of trickle-down pressures that INGOs draw upon to position themselves as intermediaries in the larger development system. By questioning these narratives, the paper provides the starting point for the development of alternatives that would enable international NGOs to assume a role that supports rather than weakens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reveals how the United Nations' (UN) introduction of a deadly disease, and the failure to ensure any sort of accountability or reparation for the cholera victims, is the latest example of racialized exploitation of the world's first independent Black Republic, Haiti. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon states that he apologize to the Haitian people. as they did not do enough with regards to the cholera outbreak and its spread in Haiti.

Ten months after a catastrophic earthquake struck Haiti, the country was forced to confront what has since become the worst cholera outbreak in modern history. Haiti’s reputation as the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere and cholera’s stigmatization as a disease of the poor contributed to a dominant narrative in Global North news media in which the outbreak was seen not only as tragic but also inevitable. The failings in traditional news media provided a valuable opportunity for citizen journalism to elevate marginalized voices and challenge dominant narratives. Our study examines whether citizen journalism lived up to this potential through a discourse analysis of CNN iReport coverage of the Haitian cholera epidemic. Our findings demonstrate that iReport coverage failed to close the participation gap between the Global North and Global South, reproduced familiar narratives of Americans as heroes and Haitians as victims, became home to rumors and misinformation, and reproduced tropes of Haitians and cholera victims as backward and ignorant. In short, our study found that iReport coverage of Haiti’s cholera epidemic embodied the same discursive formation as that of traditional Global North news media. In closing, we argue that scholars must exercise caution when applauding citizen journalism without first critically examining citizen journalism content. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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In a revisionist reading of the Haitian peasant novel, this article addresses the short shrift given to Haiti's regionalism in scholarship, a lacuna that social geographer Georges Anglade attributes to 'les effets d'occultation propre à la structure dominante centralisée'. Contrary to Port-au-Prince-centric renderings of Haitian literary history, which locate the elaboration of the modern peasant novel in the elite (read: Port-au- Princean) intelligentsia's quest for a more authentic national identity, I show that the modern peasant novel emerged in the pages of the northern literary magazine Stella (Cap-Haïtien, 1926-30) out of a primarily regional context. Through a close reading of several short and virtually unstudied récits paysans published in Stella, I argue that northern writers deployed the peasant novel genre as a regional response to the process of centralization and regional 'occultation' by the centralized nation-state apparatus. In particular, I examine how the lived experience of dramatic demographic and economic decline in the north informed the specific contours of this new literary expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Republic of Haiti is one of only several countries in the Western Hemisphere in which canine rabies is still endemic. Estimation methods have predicted that 130 human deaths occur per year, yet existing surveillance mechanisms have detected few of these rabies cases. Likewise, canine rabies surveillance capacity has had only limited capacity, detecting only two rabid dogs per year, on average. In 2013, Haiti initiated a community-based animal rabies surveillance program comprised of two components: active community bite investigation and passive animal rabies investigation. From January 2013 –December 2014, 778 rabies suspect animals were reported for investigation. Rabies was laboratory-confirmed in 70 animals (9%) and an additional 36 cases were identified based on clinical diagnosis (5%), representing an 18-fold increase in reporting of rabid animals compared to the three years before the program was implemented. Dogs were the most frequent rabid animal (90%). Testing and observation ruled out rabies in 61% of animals investigated. A total of 639 bite victims were reported to the program and an additional 364 bite victims who had not sought medical care were identified during the course of investigations. Only 31% of people with likely rabies exposures had initiated rabies post-exposure prophylaxis prior to the investigation. Rabies is a neglected disease in-part due to a lack of surveillance and understanding about the burden. The surveillance methods employed by this program established a much higher burden of canine rabies in Haiti than previously recognized. The active, community-based bite investigations identified numerous additional rabies exposures and bite victims were referred for appropriate medical care, averting potential human rabies deaths. The use of community-based rabies surveillance programs such as HARSP should be considered in canine rabies endemic countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay builds on a 2010 article entitled "The Writing of Disaster in Haiti: Signifying Cataclysm from Slave Revolution to Earthquake" by Deborah Jenson to use an interdisciplinary approach to disaster studies which considers political, social, and historical issues in Haiti, and more broadly, across the Caribbean region. Topics include the 2010 Haitian earthquake, the Haitian Revolution, race relations, and poverty.

In this memoir of my return to Haiti in August 2011, I reflect on what remains, the travesties of humanitarian aid, and the on-going strength and resilience of the people who have been displaced, violated, or depersonalized by disasters both natural and man-made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable progress has been made towards eradicating statelessness in Latin America and the Caribbean since 2014 but there is still work to be done if it is to become the first world region to eradicate statelessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses the contents within the issue including the issue of gun ownership in the U.S., the issue of race and poverty in Haiti, and the racial dynamics in Western Europe and the U.S.

This article explores neighborhood organizing among young men in urban Haiti as a vernacular enactment of sovereignty that involves both a hedonistic and a gendered logic. Under conditions of democratization and global governance, the urban block, or base, has become a key site for building political community and creating connections to those in power. Central to base politics are public outings that engender power and respect for the organizers by demonstrating their force not through violence but through masculine social pleasures. This article elaborates three key outings-a street party, a soccer tournament, and a beach day-organized by neighbors and supported by state, NGO, and criminal actors. By focusing on hedonopolitics, rather than on the common tropes of violence and death, this article extends recent work on the embodiment of sovereign power, while also showing that masculine pleasure represents an underanalyzed yet important dimension of sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses aspects of the theory of Haiti and its conceptual conundrum or the ideological problem-space. An overview of the colonial prosperity to the images of screaming despair of the country during the eighteenth-century is provided. Also emphasized is the unnerving gap between itself and its otherness and the notion of exceptionalism of Haitians.

Copyright of Autrepart is the property of Presses de Sciences Po and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An essay is presented regarding the history of the 19th century in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Topics include the integration of Santo Domingo with the revolutionary process in Haiti, a study on the impact of slow migration and revolutionary tumult on Santo Domingo's trade, travel, and politics, and the emancipation and reenslavement of Dominicans.