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18 results on '"H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA"'

1. Case-Based Reasoning via Comparing the Strength Order of Features

Author

Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 814177 [sponsor], Yu, Liuwen, Gabbay, Dov M., Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 814177 [sponsor], Yu, Liuwen, and Gabbay, Dov M.

Abstract

Case-based reasoning (CBR) is broadly speaking a method of giving a verdict/decision on a new case query by comparing it with verdicts/decisions of known similar cases. Similarity of cases is determined either by best distance of the query case from the known cases and recently also using argumentation. The approach of this paper is not to rely on similarity or argumentation, but to use the entire set of known cases and their known verdicts to define the relative strength and importance of all the features involved in these cases. We then decide the verdict for the new case based on the strength of the features appearing in it.

Published
2022

2. Multi-agent Argumentation and Dialogue

Author

Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 690974 [sponsor], Arisaka, Ryuta, Dauphin, Jérémie, Satoh, Ken, van der Torre, Leon, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 690974 [sponsor], Arisaka, Ryuta, Dauphin, Jérémie, Satoh, Ken, and van der Torre, Leon

Abstract

In this chapter we give an overview of multi-agent abstract argumentation and dialogue, and its application to formalise legal reasoning. The basis of multi-agent abstract argumentation is input/output argumentation studied by Baroni et al., distinguishing between the individual acceptance of agents and the collective acceptance of the system. The former may also be seen as a kind of conditional reasoning, and the latter may be seen as the reasoning of an external observer. We extend input/output argumentation in two ways. First, we introduce epistemic trust and agent communication, where the former is based on a social network representing epistemic trust, and the latter is based on so-called sub-framework semantics. Second, we introduce dialogue semantics for abstract argumentation by refining agent communication into dialogue steps. A dialogue is a sequence of steps from the framework to the extensions, where in each step of the sequence an agent can commit to accepting some arguments, or commit to hide or reveal one of his rejected arguments. The revealed arguments are then aggregated and an external observer, in our example a judge, can compute which arguments are finally acceptable at a global level.

Published
2022

3. Defeasible Deontic Logic: Arguing about Permission and Obligation

Author

Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 690974; Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg, FNR: INTER/Mobility/19/13995684/DLAl/van; National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences, NPOPSS: 20CZX051, ZD047 [sponsor], Dong, Huimin, Liao, Beishui, Markovich, Réka, van der Torre, Leon, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 690974; Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg, FNR: INTER/Mobility/19/13995684/DLAl/van; National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences, NPOPSS: 20CZX051, ZD047 [sponsor], Dong, Huimin, Liao, Beishui, Markovich, Réka, and van der Torre, Leon

Abstract

Defeasible deontic logic uses techniques from non-monotonic logic to address various challenges in normative reasoning, such as prima facie permissions and obligations, moral dilemmas, deontic detachment, contrary-to-duty reasoning and legal interpretation. In this article, we use formal argumentation to design defeasible deontic logics, based on two classical deontic logics. In particular, we use the ASPIC+ structured argumentation theory to define non-monotonic variants of well-understood monotonic modal logics. We illustrate the ASPIC+-based approach and the resulting defeasible deontic logics using argumentation about strong permission.

Published
2022

4. Extensive ro-vibrational analysis of deuterated-cyanoacetylene (DC$_3$N) from millimeter-wavelengths to the infrared domain

Author

Jean-Claude Guillemin, L. Colzi, D. Prudenzano, Olivier Pirali, Filippo Tamassia, Luca Bizzocchi, Andrea Pietropolli Charmet, Aleksandra Adamczyk, Barbara M. Giuliano, Marie-Aline Martin-Drumel, Elisabetta Canè, Paola Caselli, Luca Dore, Mattia Melosso, Victor M. Rivilla, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA 664931Chinese American Ophthalmological Society, CAOS 2015F59J3RCentre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNESCUP C52I13000140001Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, MPGMinistero dellâIstruzione, dellâUniversità e della Ricerca, MIUR, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA 664931Chinese American Ophthalmological Society, CAOS 2015F59J3RCentre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNESCUP C52I13000140001Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, MPGMinistero dell-Istruzione, Università e Ricerca, MIUR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA 664931Chinese American Ophthalmological Society, CAOS 2015F59J3RCentre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNESCUP C52I13000140001Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, MPGMinistero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca, MIUR, Melosso M., Bizzocchi L., Adamczyk A., Cane' E., Caselli P., Colzi L., Dore L., Giuliano B.M., Guillemin J.-C., Martin-Drumel M.-A., Pirali O., Pietropolli Charmet A., Prudenzano D., Rivilla V.M., and Tamassia F.

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, Overtone, FOS: Physical sciences, Anharmonic resonances, Interstellar species, Spectral analysis, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Spectral line, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Cyanoacetylene, Isotopologue, Spectroscopy, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Settore CHIM/02 - Chimica Fisica, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ro-vibrational spectroscopy, Physics, Radiation, Cyanopolyyne, Line catalog, Interstellar specie, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Anharmonic resonance, Deuterium, chemistry, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Millimeter
Abstract

Cyanoacetylene, the simplest cyanopolyyne, is an abundant interstellar molecule commonly observed in a vast variety of astronomical sources. Despite its importance as a potential tracer of the evolution of star-forming processes, the deuterated form of cyanoacetylene is less observed and less studied in the laboratory than the main isotopologue. Here, we report the most extensive spectroscopic characterization of DC$_3$N to date, from the millimeter domain to the infrared region. Rotational and ro-vibrational spectra have been recorded using millimeter-wave frequency-modulation and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometers, respectively. All the vibrational states with energy up to 1015 cm$^{-1}$ have been analyzed in a combined fit, where the effects due to anharmonic resonances have been adequately accounted for. The analysis contains over 6500 distinct transition frequencies, from which all the vibrational energies have been determined with good precision for many fundamental, overtone, and combination states. This work provides a comprehensive line catalog for astronomical observations of DC$_3$N, 14 pages, 3 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication in JQSRT

Published
2020
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5. Computer-aided shape features extraction and regression models for predicting the ascending aortic aneurysm growth rate

Author

Leonardo Geronzi, Antonio Martinez, Michel Rochette, Kexin Yan, Aline Bel-Brunon, Pascal Haigron, Pierre Escrig, Jacques Tomasi, Morgan Daniel, Alain Lalande, Siyu Lin, Diana Marcela Marin-Castrillon, Olivier Bouchot, Jean Porterie, Pier Paolo Valentini, Marco Evangelos Biancolini, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Enterprise Engineering Mario Lucertini, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], ANSYS France, ANSYS, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Structures [Villeurbanne] (LaMCoS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA, (859836), and Horizon 2020

Subjects
Shape features, Ascending aortic aneurysm, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Health Informatics, Growth prediction, Regression, Computer Science Applications
Abstract

International audience; Objective: ascending aortic aneurysm growth prediction is still challenging in clinics. In this study, we evaluate and compare the ability of local and global shape features to predict the ascending aortic aneurysm growth. Material and methods: 70 patients with aneurysm, for which two 3D acquisitions were available, are included. Following segmentation, three local shape features are computed: (1) the ratio between maximum diameter and length of the ascending aorta centerline, (2) the ratio between the length of external and internal lines on the ascending aorta and (3) the tortuosity of the ascending tract. By exploiting longitudinal data, the aneurysm growth rate is derived. Using radial basis function mesh morphing, iso-topological surface meshes are created. Statistical shape analysis is performed through unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised partial least squares (PLS). Two types of global shape features are identified: three PCA-derived and three PLS-based shape modes. Three regression models are set for growth prediction: two based on gaussian support vector machine using local and PCA-derived global shape features; the third is a PLS linear regression model based on the related global shape features. The prediction results are assessed and the aortic shapes most prone to growth are identified. Results: the prediction root mean square error from leave-one-out cross-validation is: 0.112 mm/month, 0.083 mm/month and 0.066 mm/month for local, PCA-based and PLS-derived shape features, respectively. Aneurysms close to the root with a large initial diameter report faster growth. Conclusion: global shape features might provide an important contribution for predicting the aneurysm growth.

Published
2023
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6. Opposing effects of plant traits on diversification

Author

Bruce Anderson, John Pannell, Sylvain Billiard, Concetta Burgarella, Hugo de Boer, Mathilde Dufay, Andrew J. Helmstetter, Marcos Méndez, Sarah P. Otto, Denis Roze, Hervé Sauquet, Daniel Schoen, Jürg Schönenberger, Mario Vallejo-Marin, Rosana Zenil-Ferguson, Jos Käfer, Sylvain Glémin, Stellenbosch University, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Uppsala University, Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB), Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), University of British Columbia [Vancouver], Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Vienna [Vienna], University of Kentucky (UK), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 839643, and Horizon 2020

Subjects
Plant biology, Biological sciences, Evolutionary theories, Multidisciplinary, Plant population biology, Perspective, Evolutionary biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Species diversity can vary dramatically across lineages due to differences in speciation and extinction rates. Here, we explore the effects of several plant traits on diversification, finding that most traits have opposing effects on diversification. For example, outcrossing may increase the efficacy of selection and adaptation but also decrease mate availability, two processes with contrasting effects on lineage persistence. Such opposing trait effects can manifest as differences in diversification rates that depend on ecological context, spatiotemporal scale, and associations with other traits. The complexity of pathways linking traits to diversification suggests that the mechanistic underpinnings behind their correlations may be difficult to interpret with any certainty, and context dependence means that the effects of specific traits on diversification are likely to differ across multiple lineages and timescales. This calls for taxonomically and context-controlled approaches to studies that correlate traits and diversification. © 2023

Published
2023
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7. Multi-agent Argumentation and Dialogue

Author

Arisaka, Ryuta, Dauphin, Jérémie, Satoh, Ken, van der Torre, Leon, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, and H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 690974 [sponsor]

Subjects
Computer science [C05] [Engineering, computing & technology], Individual acceptance, External observer, Sciences informatiques [C05] [Ingénierie, informatique & technologie], Semantics, Dialogue semantics, Legal reasoning, Agents communication, Input-output, ITS applications, Two ways, Abstract argumentation, Multi agent, Multi agent systems
Abstract

In this chapter we give an overview of multi-agent abstract argumentation and dialogue, and its application to formalise legal reasoning. The basis of multi-agent abstract argumentation is input/output argumentation studied by Baroni et al., distinguishing between the individual acceptance of agents and the collective acceptance of the system. The former may also be seen as a kind of conditional reasoning, and the latter may be seen as the reasoning of an external observer. We extend input/output argumentation in two ways. First, we introduce epistemic trust and agent communication, where the former is based on a social network representing epistemic trust, and the latter is based on so-called sub-framework semantics. Second, we introduce dialogue semantics for abstract argumentation by refining agent communication into dialogue steps. A dialogue is a sequence of steps from the framework to the extensions, where in each step of the sequence an agent can commit to accepting some arguments, or commit to hide or reveal one of his rejected arguments. The revealed arguments are then aggregated and an external observer, in our example a judge, can compute which arguments are finally acceptable at a global level.

Published
2022

8. Exploring ultracold collisions in $^6$Li-$^{53}$Cr Fermi mixtures: Feshbach resonances and scattering properties of a novel alkali-transition metal system

Author

Ciamei, A., Finelli, S., Trenkwalder, A., Inguscio, M., Simoni, A., Zaccanti, M., Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma / University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome ( UCBM), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 894442, European Research Council, ERC: 637738, Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca, MIUR, Horizon 2020, and Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, FARE

Subjects
Seismic waves, Fermionic atoms, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Scattering property, FOS: Physical sciences, S-waves, Property predictions, Resonance, Physics - Atomic Physics, Cold and ultra-cold collisions, Ultracold collisions, Physics::Atomic Physics, Quantum dynamics, Transition metal system, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Coupled-channel models, Chromium alloys, Lithium alloys, Transition metals, Binary alloys, Yield prediction, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Mixtures, Atomic and molecular collisions, P waves, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Molecular physics, Feshbach resonances
Abstract

We investigate ultracold collisions in a novel mixture of $^6$Li and $^{53}$Cr fermionic atoms, discovering more than 50 interspecies Feshbach resonances via loss spectroscopy. Building a full coupled-channel model, we unambiguously characterize the $^{6}$Li-$^{53}$Cr scattering properties and yield predictions for other isotopic pairs. In particular, we identify various Feshbach resonances that enable the controlled tuning of elastic $s$- and $p$-wave $^{6}$Li-$^{53}$Cr interactions. Our studies thus make lithium-chromium mixtures emerge as optimally-suited platforms for the experimental search of elusive few- and many-body regimes of highly-correlated fermionic matter, and for the realization of a new class of ultracold polar molecules possessing both electric and magnetic dipole moments., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables

Published
2022
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9. Defeasible Deontic Logic: Arguing about Permission and Obligation

Author

Dong, Huimin, Liao, Beishui, Markovich, Réka, van der Torre, Leon, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 690974, Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg, FNR: INTER/Mobility/19/13995684/DLAl/van, and National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences, NPOPSS: 20CZX051, ZD047 [sponsor]

Subjects
Computer science [C05] [Engineering, computing & technology], Normative reasoning, Contrary-to-duties, Formal argumentation, Modal logic, Deontic, Nonmonotonic logic, Monotonics, Argumentation theory, Computer circuits, Deontic Logic, Formal logic, Sciences informatiques [C05] [Ingénierie, informatique & technologie]
Abstract

Defeasible deontic logic uses techniques from non-monotonic logic to address various challenges in normative reasoning, such as prima facie permissions and obligations, moral dilemmas, deontic detachment, contrary-to-duty reasoning and legal interpretation. In this article, we use formal argumentation to design defeasible deontic logics, based on two classical deontic logics. In particular, we use the ASPIC+ structured argumentation theory to define non-monotonic variants of well-understood monotonic modal logics. We illustrate the ASPIC+-based approach and the resulting defeasible deontic logics using argumentation about strong permission.

Published
2022

10. Common genetic variation in alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control genome-wide association study

Author

Eric Trépo, Stefano Caruso, Jie Yang, Sandrine Imbeaud, Gabrielle Couchy, Quentin Bayard, Eric Letouzé, Nathalie Ganne-Carrié, Christophe Moreno, Abderrahim Oussalah, Cyrille Féray, Jean Frédéric Blanc, Bruno Clément, Patrick Hillon, Jérôme Boursier, Valérie Paradis, Julien Calderaro, Viviane Gnemmi, Jean-Charles Nault, Jean-Louis Guéant, Jacques Devière, Isabelle Archambeaud, Carole Vitellius, Bruno Turlin, Jean-Pierre Bronowicki, Thierry Gustot, Angela Sutton, Marianne Ziol, Pierre Nahon, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Clément Meiller, Qian Cao, Théo Z. Hirsch, Sandra Rebouissou, Delphine Degré, Lukas Otero Sanchez, Nicolas Rosewick, Eric Quertinmont, Mireille Desille-Dugast, Muriel François-Vié, Cécile Moins, Emmanuelle Leteurtre, Guillaume Lassailly, Massih Ningarhari, Emmanuel Boleslawski, Vanessa Cottet, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), People's Hospital of Peking University (PKUPH), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (NGERE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Hôpital Paul Brousse, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology [Bordeaux] (BaRITOn), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre de Ressources Biologiques Santé (CRB Santé), Université de Rennes (UR)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Université d'Angers (UA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies - UMR 9020 - U 1277 (CANTHER), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Lille, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Université de Nantes (UN), Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes, Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS (UMR_S_1148 / U1148)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis [Sevran] (HUP2SD), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), BB-0033-00027, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA, University Hospitals, UH: NCT03311152, Bpifrance, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-11-LABX-0021, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Fondation de France, Institut National Du Cancer, INCa, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Conseil régional de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Korean Association for the Study of the Liver, KASL, GENTHEP Consortium: Clément Meiller, Qian Cao, Théo Z Hirsch, Sandra Rebouissou, Delphine Degré, Lukas Otero Sanchez, Nicolas Rosewick, Eric Quertinmont, Mireille Desille-Dugast, Muriel François-Vié, Cécile Moins, Emmanuelle Leteurtre, Guillaume Lassailly, Massih Ningarhari, Emmanuel Boleslawski, Vanessa Cottet, ANR-11-LABX-0021,Lipstic,Lipoprotéines et santé : prévention et traitement des maladies inflammatoires non vasculaires et du cancer(2011), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Jonchère, Laurent, Laboratoires d'excellence - Lipoprotéines et santé : prévention et traitement des maladies inflammatoires non vasculaires et du cancer - - Lipstic2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0021 - LABX - VALID, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] [ULB], Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers [CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)], Biochimie – Biologie moléculaire et Nutrition [CHRU Nancy], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale [INSERM], Centre Hépato-Biliaire [Hôpital Paul Brousse] [CHB], Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology [Bordeaux] [BaRITOn], Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] [LNC], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand [CHU Dijon], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers [CHU Angers], Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques [HIFIH], Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 [UPEC UP12], Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale [IMRB], Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies - UMR 9020 - U 1277 [CANTHER], Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy [CHRU Nancy], Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux [NGERE], Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer [NuMeCan], Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle [LVTS (UMR_S_1148 / U1148)], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] [HEGP], Thérapies Laser Assistées par l'Image pour l'Oncologie - U 1189 [ONCO-THAI], and Equipe EPICAD (LNC - U1231)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Genotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Young Adult, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Wnt3A Protein, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Liver Neoplasms, Genetic Variation, Middle Aged, Wnt Proteins, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Oncology, Case-Control Studies, Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent, Female, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Acyltransferases, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

International audience; Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a frequent consequence of alcohol-related liver disease, with variable incidence among heavy drinkers. We did a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify common genetic variants for alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: We conducted a two-stage case-control GWAS in a discovery cohort of 2107 unrelated European patients with alcohol-related liver disease aged 20–92 years recruited between Oct 22, 1993, and March 12, 2017. Cases were patients with alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by imaging or histology. Controls were patients with alcohol-related liver disease without hepatocellular carcinoma. We used an additive logistic regression model adjusted for the first ten principal components to assess genetic variants associated with alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma. We did another analysis with adjustment for age, sex, and liver fibrosis. New candidate associations (pandlt;1 × 10−6) and variants previously associated with alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated in a validation cohort of 1933 patients with alcohol-related liver disease aged 29–92 years recruited between July 21, 1995, and May 2, 2019. We did a meta-analysis of the two case–control cohorts. Findings: The discovery cohort included 775 cases and 1332 controls. Of 7 962 325 variants assessed, we identified WNT3A-WNT9A (rs708113; p=1·11 × 10−8) and found support for previously reported regions associated with alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma risk at TM6SF2 (rs58542926; p=6·02 × 10−10), PNPLA3 (rs738409; p=9·29 × 10−7), and HSD17B13 (rs72613567; p=2·49 × 10−4). The validation cohort included 874 cases and 1059 controls and three variants were replicated: WNT3A-WNT9A (rs708113; p=1·17 × 10−3), TM6SF2 (rs58542926; p=4·06 × 10−5), and PNPLA3 (rs738409; p=1·17 × 10−4). All three variants reached GWAS significance in the meta-analysis: WNT3A-WNT9A (odds ratio 0·73, 95% CI 0·66–0·81; p=3·93 × 10−10), TM6SF2 (1·77, 1·52–2·07; p=3·84×10−13), PNPLA3 (1·34, 1·22–1·47; p=7·30 × 10−10). Adjustment for clinical covariates yielded similar results. We observed an additive effect of at-risk alleles on alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma. WNT3A-WNT9A rs708113 was not associated with liver fibrosis. Interpretation: WNT3A-WNT9A is a susceptibility locus for alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting an early role of the Wnt–β-catenin pathway in alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma carcinogenesis.

Published
2022
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11. Quantifying CMIP6 model uncertainties in extreme precipitation projections

Author

John, Amal, Douville, Hervé, Ribes, Aurélien, Yiou, Pascal, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 813844, Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, University of Massachusetts Amherst, CAFE, Horizon 2020, This work is part of the Climate Advanced Forecasting of sub-seasonal Extremes (CAFE) project, which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 813844. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output to CMIP. We also thank the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (ISPL) Mésocentre for Climate Sciences for the CMIP6 data acquisition, storage space, and intensive computing resources for this paper., This work is part of the Climate Advanced Forecasting of sub-seasonal Extremes (CAFE) project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 813844 . We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output to CMIP. We also thank the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (ISPL) Mésocentre for Climate Sciences for the CMIP6 data acquisition, storage space, and intensive computing resources for this paper., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geography, Planning and Development, Extremes, Uncertainty, Climate change, Precipitation, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Abstract

International audience; Projected changes in precipitation extremes and their uncertainties are evaluated using an ensemble of global climate models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). They are scaled by corresponding changes either in global mean surface temperature (ΔGSAT) or in local surface temperature (ΔT) and are expressed in terms of 20-yr return values (RV20) of annual maximum one-day precipitation. Our main objective is to quantify the model response uncertainty and to highlight the regions where changes may not be consistent with the widely used assumption of a Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) rate of ≈7%/K. When using a single realization for each model, as in the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the assessed inter-model spread includes both model uncertainty and internal variability, which can be however assessed separately using a large ensemble. Despite the overestimated inter-model spread, our results show a robust enhancement of extreme precipitation with more than 90% of models simulating an increase of RV20. Moreover, this increase is consistent with the CC rate of ≈7%/K over about 83% of the global land domain when scaled by (ΔGSAT). Our results also advocate for producing multiple single model initial condition ensembles in the next CMIP projections, to better filter internal variability out in estimating the response of extreme events.

Published
2022
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12. Laser-assisted explosive synthesis and transfer of turbostratic graphene-related materials for energy conversion applications

Author

Kapil Bhorkar, Nikolaos Samartzis, Michail Athanasiou, Labrini Sygellou, Nikos Boukos, Vassilios Dracopoulos, Theophilos Ioannides, Spyros N. Yannopoulos, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Patras, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 'Demokritos' [Greece] (INN), National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR), NSRF 2014-2020, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 721642, European Commission, EC, and European Regional Development Fund, ERDF

Subjects
Flexible electronics, Mechanical Engineering, Graphene likes, Nanohybrids, Simple++, Soft surface, General Chemistry, Nanostructured materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Complex Processes, Energy conversion, Simultaneous transfer, Mechanics of Materials, Turbostratic, Explosives, High grades, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Sheet metal, Explosive synthesis, Graphene, Laser-assisted
Abstract

Production of high-grade graphene-like materials using a simple, reliable processes and its simultaneous transfer onto soft surfaces have not yet achieved; hence impeding wide-ranging graphene applications. Even more complex processes are required to prepare graphene-based nanohybrids, which offer additional synergistic functionalities in relation to graphene. Here, an uncomplicated and scalable process to prepare high-purity few-layer turbostratic graphene and graphene/SiOx nanohybrids is demonstrated employing laser-mediated explosive synthesis and transfer of graphene flakes. The process is capable of producing, and simultaneously transferring, graphene flakes on any substrate, such as polymer, glass, metal, ceramics, etc. Graphene and nanohybrids exhibit sp2 structures of turbostratic stacking, with low sheet resistance and very high (~30) C/O ratio. The merits of the method are showcased by two energy-related examples, flexible single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators and electric double-layer capacitors. This method emerges as a paradigm of additive manufacturing for graphene-based devices with impact for applications in flexible electronics.

Published
2022
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13. Nanoscale 3D quantitative imaging of 1.88 Ga Gunflint microfossils reveals novel insights into taphonomic and biogenic characters

Author

Manuel Guizar-Sicairos, Felisa Berenguer, Loïc Bertrand, Plinio Jaqueto, Pierre Gueriau, Keyron Hickman-Lewis, Frances Westall, Ricardo I.F. Trindade, Douglas Galante, André L. Rossi, Mariana Verezhak, Lara Maldanis, Laboratório Nacional de Luz Sìncrotron (LNLS), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais = Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Instituto de Física de São Carlos (IFSC-USP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Institut photonique d'analyse non-destructive européen des matériaux anciens (IPANEMA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Institute of Earth Sciences [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires (PPSM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cienti­fico e Tecnologico, CNPq: 301263/2017–5, 424367/2016–5 Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, FAPESP H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 701647 Fundaçao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, FAPESP: 2015/21810–6, 2016/25681–9 European Commission, EC: 654028 Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES Instituto Serrapilheira: Serra-1709–20205 Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNSF: 200021L_169753 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cienti­fico e Tecnologico, CNPq 607297 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, We acknowledge the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland for provision of synchrotron radiation beamtime at cSAXS beamline of the Swiss Light Source (SLS), Joakim Reuteler (ScopeM) for the preparation of the samples using FIB, the Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) for support in sample preparation and SEM analysis, and Sylvain Janiec (ISTO, Orléans) for preparing the thin sections. LM was funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001 and by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP grants 2015/21810–6 and 2016/25681–9), which included being hosted at the IPANEMA laboratory. DG acknowledges FAPESP (2016/06114–6), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, 424367/2016–5 and 301263/2017–5). This work was supported by the Serrapilheira Institute (grant number Serra-1709–20205). KHL and FW acknowledge the support of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), the French Space Agency (CNES) and the MASE (Mars Analogues for Space Exploration) Project (EU-FP7 Grant no. 607297). IPANEMA and the SOLEIL synchrotron are supported by the Research Infrastructures activity IPERION CH of the Horizon2020 program of the European Commission (Grant Agreement No. 654028). LB acknowledges support from Région Île-de-France / DIM Matériaux anciens et patrimoniaux. MV is supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 701647, as well as SNSF grant No 200021L_169753. We also acknowledge the constructive comments of three anonymous reviewers., European Project: 654028,H2020 Pilier Excellent Science,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,IPERION CH(2015), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), HAL UVSQ, Équipe, and Integrated Platform for the European Research Infrastructure ON Cultural Heritage - IPERION CH - - H2020 Pilier Excellent Science2015-05-01 - 2019-04-30 - 654028 - VALID

Subjects
[CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Taphonomy, Science, Geochemistry, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, Precambrian, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, synchrotron, ptychography, Kerogen, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, fossil, Multidisciplinary, Proterozoic, Physics, Biota, Biogeochemistry, 15. Life on land, Hematite, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], ESPECTROSCOPIA, Diagenesis, chemistry, visual_art, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], visual_art.visual_art_medium, Medicine, [SDU.STU.PG] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, 0210 nano-technology, paleontology, diagenesis, Geology
Abstract

Precambrian cellular remains frequently have simple morphologies, micrometric dimensions and are poorly preserved, imposing severe analytical and interpretational challenges, especially for irrefutable attestations of biogenicity. The 1.88 Ga Gunflint biota is a Precambrian microfossil assemblage with different types and qualities of preservation across its numerous geological localities and provides important insights into the Proterozoic biosphere and taphonomic processes. Here we use synchrotron-based ptychographic X-ray computed tomography to investigate well-preserved carbonaceous microfossils from the Schreiber Beach locality as well as poorly-preserved, iron-replaced fossil filaments from the Mink Mountain locality, Gunflint Formation. 3D nanoscale imaging with contrast based on electron density allowed us to assess the morphology and carbonaceous composition of different specimens and identify the minerals associated with their preservation based on retrieved mass densities. In the Mink Mountain filaments, the identification of mature kerogen and maghemite rather than the ubiquitously described hematite indicates an influence from biogenic organics on the local maturation of iron oxides through diagenesis. This non-destructive 3D approach to microfossil composition at the nanoscale within their geological context represents a powerful approach to assess the taphonomy and biogenicity of challenging or poorly preserved traces of early microbial life, and may be applied effectively to extraterrestrial samples returned from upcoming space missions.

Published
2020
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14. Signature of consciousness in brain-wide synchronization patterns of monkey and human fMRI signals

Author

Dante Mantini, Helmut Laufs, Enzo Tagliazucchi, Lynn Uhrig, Morten L. Kringelbach, Béchir Jarraya, Gerald Hahn, Gorka Zamora-López, Gustavo Deco, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), 661583, 720270, 785907, 945539 H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, MCIU European Research Council, ERC: 615539 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG: KN 588/7 – 1 Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, DNRF: DNRF117 Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF: 01 EV 0703 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, AGAUR: 2017 SGR 1545, G.D. was supported by the Spanish Research Project AWAKENING: using whole-brain models perturbational approaches for predicting external stimulation to force transitions between different brain states, ref. PID2019-105772GB-I00 /AEI/10.13039/501100011033, financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU), State Research Agency (AEI), and by the Catalan AGAUR program 2017 SGR 1545. G.D., G.H. and G.Z. received support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 720270 (Human Brain Project SGA1), No. 785907 (Human Brain Project SGA2) and No. 945539 (Human Brain Project SGA3). G.H. was funded by the grant CONSCBRAIN (n. 661583) of the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie action. G.D. and G.H. received funding from the German Research Council (DFG, No. KN 588/7 – 1) within the priority program Computational Connectomics (SPP 2041). E.T. and H.L. were supported by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (grant number 01 EV 0703 ) and the LOEWE Neuronale Koordination Forschungsschwerpunkt Frankfurt (NeFF). M.L.K. is supported by the ERC Consolidator Grant: CAREGIVING (n. 615539 ), Center for Music in the Brain, funded by the Danish National Research Foundation ( DNRF117 ), and centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing funded by the Pettit and Carlsberg Foundations., European Project: 0720270(2007), European Project: 785907,H2020,HBP SGA2(2018), European Project: 945539,HBP SGA3(2020), and European Project: 945539,H2020,H2020-SGA-FETFLAG-HBP-2019,HBP SGA3(2020)

Subjects
DYNAMICS, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Unconsciousness, MACAQUE, INFORMATION CAPACITY, 0302 clinical medicine, CONNECTIVITY, Consciousness states, Cortical Synchronization, media_common, Brain Mapping, NEURONAL AVALANCHES, Functional connectivity, 05 social sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Brain, Haplorhini, FLUCTUATIONS, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, NETWORKS, Neurology, symbols, medicine.symptom, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Vigilance (psychology), GLOBAL SIGNAL, Consciousness, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Models, Neurological, Neuroimaging, 050105 experimental psychology, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, CEREBRAL-CORTEX, medicine, Animals, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Computer Simulation, ddc:610, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Hopf bifurcation, Science & Technology, Resting state fMRI, Neurosciences, Neurophysiology, SLEEP, Neurosciences & Neurology, Sleep, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

During the sleep-wake cycle, the brain undergoes profound dynamical changes, which manifest subjectively as transitions between conscious experience and unconsciousness. Yet, neurophysiological signatures that can objectively distinguish different consciousness states based are scarce. Here, we show that differences in the level of brain-wide signals can reliably distinguish different stages of sleep and anesthesia from the awake state in human and monkey fMRI resting state data. Moreover, a whole-brain computational model can faithfully reproduce changes in global synchronization and other metrics such as functional connectivity, structure-function relationship, integration and segregation across vigilance states. We demonstrate that the awake brain is close to a Hopf bifurcation, which naturally coincides with the emergence of globally correlated fMRI signals. Furthermore, simulating lesions of individual brain areas highlights the importance of connectivity hubs in the posterior brain and subcortical nuclei for maintaining the model in the awake state, as predicted by graph-theoretical analyses of structural data. G.D. was supported by the Spanish Research Project AWAKENING: using whole-brain models perturbational approaches for predicting external stimulation to force transitions between different brain states, ref. PID2019-105772GB-I00 /AEI/10.13039/501100011033, financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU), State Research Agency (AEI), and by the Catalan AGAUR program 2017 SGR 1545. G.D., G.H. and G.Z. received support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 720270 (Human Brain Project SGA1), No. 785907 (Human Brain Project SGA2) and No. 945539 (Human Brain Project SGA3). G.H. was funded by the grant CONSCBRAIN (n. 661583) of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie action. G.D. and G.H. received funding from the German Research Council (DFG, No. KN 588/7 – 1) within the priority program Computational Connectomics (SPP 2041). E.T. and H.L. were supported by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (grant number 01 EV 0703) and the LOEWE Neuronale Koordination Forschungsschwerpunkt Frankfurt (NeFF). M.L.K. is supported by the ERC Consolidator Grant: CAREGIVING (n. 615539), Center for Music in the Brain, funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF117), and centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing funded by the Pettit and Carlsberg Foundations.

Published
2020
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15. The Red Sea Deep Water is a potent source of atmospheric ethane and propane

Author

Ivan Tadic, Sergey Osipov, Horst Fischer, Jean-Daniel Paris, Tobias Könemann, Achim Edtbauer, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Jonathan Williams, T. Sattler, Nijing Wang, David Walter, Andrea Pozzer, Christof Stönner, Lisa Ernle, Jos Lelieveld, V.N. Matthaios, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), The Cyprus Institute, Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 674911 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, KISR Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 856612, We acknowledge the fruitful collaborations with the Cyprus Institute (CyI), the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), and the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR). We are grateful to Hays Ships Ltd, the ship’s captain Pavel Kirzner, and the ship crew for providing the best possible working conditions onboard Kommandor Iona. We thank all the participants of the AQABA ship campaign and in particular Hartwig Harder for the fruitful discussions and day-to-day organization of the campaign, and Marcel Dorf, Claus Koeppel, Thomas Klüpfel, and Rolf Hofmann for logistics organization and assistance during the setup phase. Uwe Parchatka is acknowledged for his contribution to the NOx data set. Marc Delmotte, Laurence Vialettes, and Olivier Laurent are acknowledged for helping with setting up the methane measurements. NW acknowledges funding by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 674911. We acknowledge the EMME-CARE project from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement No. 856612), as well as matching co-funding by the Government of the Republic of Cyprus., European Project: 674911,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015,IMPACT(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
Atmospheric chemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric circulation, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Environmental impact, chemistry.chemical_compound, Propane, Hotspot (geology), 14. Life underwater, Tropospheric ozone, Underwater, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Pollutant, Multidisciplinary, Environmental monitoring, General Chemistry, 6. Clean water, Hydrocarbon, chemistry, Marine chemistry, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Q
Abstract

Non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) such as ethane and propane are significant atmospheric pollutants and precursors of tropospheric ozone, while the Middle East is a global emission hotspot due to extensive oil and gas production. Here we compare in situ hydrocarbon measurements, performed around the Arabian Peninsula, with global model simulations that include current emission inventories (EDGAR) and state-of-the-art atmospheric circulation and chemistry mechanisms (EMAC model). While measurements of high mixing ratios over the Arabian Gulf are adequately simulated, strong underprediction by the model was found over the northern Red Sea. By examining the individual sources in the model and by utilizing air mass back-trajectory investigations and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis, we deduce that Red Sea Deep Water (RSDW) is an unexpected, potent source of atmospheric NMHCs. This overlooked underwater source is comparable with total anthropogenic emissions from entire Middle Eastern countries, and significantly impacts the regional atmospheric chemistry., The Middle East is known to emit large amounts of non-methane hydrocarbon pollutants to the atmosphere, but the sources are poorly characterized. Here the authors discover a new source—deep water in the Red Sea—and calculate that its emissions exceed rates of several high gas-production countries.

Published
2020
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16. Soil thawing regulates the spring growth onset in tundra and alpine biomes

Author

Adrià Descals, Josep Peñuelas, Marc Peaucelle, Philippe Ciais, Aleixandre Verger, Yongshuo H. Fu, Ivan A. Janssens, Iolanda Filella, S. L. Piao, Dennis D. Baldocchi, ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 891369 European Research Council, ERC: ERC-SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-P SGR 2017-1005 Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO: G018319N PID2019-110521GB-I00, The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the European Research Council Synergy grant ERC-SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-P, the Spanish Government grant PID2019-110521GB-I00 and the Catalan Government grant SGR 2017-1005 . M.P. acknowledges the financial support from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO, grant no. G018319N ) and the H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (LEAF-2-TBM grant no. 891369 )., and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, Plant phenology, Growing season, 010501 environmental sciences, Forests, Thawing, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Soil, Environmental Chemistry, Biology, Waste Management and Disposal, Tundra, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Phenology, Taiga, Temperature, Deciduous forests, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Pollution, Chemistry, Deciduous, Agronomy, Boreal forests, 13. Climate action, Spring onset, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Seasons, Temperate rainforest
Abstract

Soil temperature remains isothermal at 0 degrees C and water shifts to a liquid phase during soil thawing. Vegetation may receive this process as a signal and a key to restore physiological activity. We aimed to show the relationship between the timing of soil thawing and the spring growth onset. We estimated the delay between the soil thawing and the spring growth onset in 78 sites of the FLUXNET network. We built a soil thawing map derived from modeling for the northern hemisphere and related it to the greenness onset estimated with satellite imagery. Spring onset estimated with GPP time series occurred shortly after soil surface thawing in tundra (1.1 +/- 3.5 days) and alpine grasslands (16.6 +/- 5.8 days). The association was weaker for deciduous forests (40.3 +/- 4.2 days), especially where soils freeze infrequently. Needleleaved forests tended to start the growing season before the end of thawing (-17.4 +/- 3.6 days), although observations from remote sensing (MODIS Land Cover Dynamics) indicated that the onset of greenness started after the thawing period (26.8 +/- 32 days). This study highlights the role of soil temperature at the spring growth onset at high latitudes. Soil thawing becomes less relevant in temperate forests, where soil is occasionally frozen and other climate factors become more important. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2020
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17. How to Reveal the Secrets of an Obscure White-Box Implementation

Author

Louis Goubin, Pascal Paillier, Junwei Wang, Matthieu Rivain, Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Versailles (LMV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Union's Horizon 2020 [sponsor], CryptoExperts, Université du Luxembourg (Uni.lu), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA: 643161, The fourth author has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 643161., and European Project: 643161,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014,ECRYPT-NET(2015)

Subjects
Source code, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, AES implementations, Linear decoding analysis, Cryptography, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Computer security, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], WhibOX contest, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Reverse engineering, Implementation, media_common, WhibOx contest, Computer science [C05] [Engineering, computing & technology], Cryptographic primitive, business.industry, Adversary, Sciences informatiques [C05] [Ingénierie, informatique & technologie], White-box cryptography, reverse engineering, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, white-box cryptography, linear decoding analysis, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, White box, Cryptanalysis, business, computer, Software
Abstract

White-box cryptography protects key extraction from software implementations of cryptographic primitives. It is widely deployed in DRM and mobile payment applications in which a malicious attacker might control the entire execution environment. So far, no provably secure white- box implementation of AES has been put forward, and all the published practical constructions are vulnerable to differential computation analysis (DCA) and differential fault analysis (DFA). As a consequence, the industry relies on home-made obscure white-box implementations based on secret designs. It is therefore of interest to investigate the achievable resistance of an AES implementation to thwart a white-box adversary in this paradigm. To this purpose, the ECRYPT CSA project has organized the WhibOx contest as the catch the flag challenge of CHES 2017. Researchers and engineers were invited to participate either as designers by submitting the source code of an AES-128 white-box implementation with a freely chosen key, or as breakers by trying to extract the hard-coded keys in the submitted challenges. The participants were not expected to disclose their identities or the underlying designing/attacking techniques. In the end, 94 submitted challenges were all broken and only 13 of them held more than 1 day. The strongest (in terms of surviving time) implementation, submitted by Biryukov and Udovenko, survived for 28 days (which is more than twice as much as the second strongest implementation), and it was broken by a single team, i.e., the authors of the present paper, with reverse engineering and algebraic analysis. In this paper, we give a detailed description of the different steps of our cryptanalysis. We then generalize it to an attack methodology to break further obscure white-box implementations. In particular, we formalize and generalize the linear decoding analysis that we use to extract the key from the encoded intermediate variables of the target challenge.

Published
2019
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18. Performance evaluation of an IMDD optical OFDM-CDMA system

Author

Iyad Dayoub, Sofien Mhatli, Hichem Mrabet, Elias Giacoumidis, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), COMmunications NUMériques - IEMN (COMNUM - IEMN), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - Département Opto-Acousto-Électronique - UMR 8520 (IEMN-DOAE), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France)-Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Laboratoire Systèmes électroniques et réseaux de communications (Ecole polytechnique de Tunisie) (SERCOM), Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Funding. European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (13/RC/2077), H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) (713567)., Acknowledgment. The work of Dr. Elias Giacoumidis was emanated from EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Skłodowska-Curie and in part by a research grant from the Science Foundation Ireland and is cofunded under the European Regional Development Fund., and European Project: 713567,H2020,H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2015,EDGE(2016)

Subjects
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, Computer science, Optical communication, 02 engineering and technology, Interference (wave propagation), Passive optical network, Multiplexing, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Time-division multiplexing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering (miscellaneous), Computer Science::Information Theory, Optical amplifier, business.industry, Code division multiple access, Nonlinear optics, Optoelectronics, Fibers, Fiber optics communications, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Modulation, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Intensity modulation
Abstract

JIF=1.973; International audience; In this paper, we propose a modulation technique for passive optical networks that harnesses two-dimensional prime hop system optical code division multiplexing access (OCDMA) and optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) for intensity modulation with direct-detection (IMDD) to enhance users' signal capacity in a cost-effective manner. The theoretical analysis is built from an analytical formula that takes into account both multiple-access interference and photodetector noise. Results show that OFDM-OCDMA with multiple users has similar performance to single-user conventional OOFDM for low transmitted powers. (C) 2018 Optical Society of America

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