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Background Many patients with angina do not have obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) when evaluated with coronary angiography. It is unknown whether echocardiographic coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) predicts an adverse outcome in these subjects. Previous CFVR studies have included heterogeneous patient subtypes both with and without CAD. Purpose To assess whether reduced CFVR predicts adverse outcome in women with angina and no CAD. Methods We evaluated 1853 women with angina and a coronary angiogram without stenosis. Exclusion criteria were previous myocardial infarction, coronary revascularisation, heart failure or valvular disease. Coronary microvascular function was assessed by echocardiographic CFVR. All patients were followed up for major adverse cardiovascular events. Results CFVR was obtained in 1681 patients (91%), median CFVR was 2.33 (IQR 2.00–2.74). During a median follow-up of 4.48 years, 96 adverse events occurred (acute myocardial infarction: 25; heart failure: 21; revascularisation: 8; stroke: 32; cardiovascular death: 10). In univariate Cox regression, CFVR (hazard ratio [HR] 2.04 [95% CI 1.39–2.94] per unit decrease in CFVR; p Conclusion Impaired CFVR predicts adverse outcome in women with angina and no CAD. Integrating CFVR and hypertension identifies high-risk patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The Danish Heart Foundation

Based on the framework for post-accident rehabilitation preparedness elaborated in the EURANOS project (Dubreuil et al. , 2010), a Norwegian Pilot Study was conducted in spring 2008 to test the suggested method. This article describes the method used in the Norwegian Pilot Study and the outcomes of the co-expertise meetings arranged.

The relative importance of milk and pasture in transferring radiocaesium ( 134 Cs and 137 Cs) to lamb's meat was studied in 13 ewes with twin lambs grazing on pastures contaminated by deposition from the Chernobyl accident. Six of the ewes were fed a caesium binder to obtain low milk radiocaesium levels and seven were used as control. Radiocaesium activity concentration was measured in meat, blood and milk every 14 d. Milk was the major source of radiocaesium for lambs younger than 6–7 wk, but from 11 wk onwards milk had only a slight and non-significant effect on radiocaesium concentration in lamb's meat. Thus, radiocaesium intake from pasture was the major factor determining radiocaesium concentration in lambs at time of slaughter. Mean aggregated transfer coefficients to meat were 23 × 10 −3 m 2 kg −1 and 31 × 10 −3 m 2 kg −1 for ewes and lambs, respectively, and mean aggregated transfer coefficient to ewes milk was 11 × 10 −3 m 2 l −1 .

The paper investigates the bulk as well as near-surface composition of In(x)Ga(1-x)As epilayers on GaAs grown by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) as a function of triethylindium flow rate and substrate temperature by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), X-ray diffraction, and XPS. To clarify whether the bulk stoichiometry of CBE-grown ternaries can be extracted from the growth rate change as determined by the change in the period of RHEED oscillations from binary to ternary compound growth, a systematic study of growth rate change as a function of ternary bulk composition determined by X-ray diffraction was performed at various temperatures. It is shown that for low growth temperatures there is a linear relationship between the two methods of determination, whereas no correlation is found for higher growth temperatures, in contrast to the MBE case where the two methods of determination yield identical results. In the near surface region the epilayer composition is determined in situ by XPS.

A recently proposed formalism for quantitative analysis of surface electron spectra is applied to an XPS study of Yb growth on a Ni(100) surface. It is found that this formalism can, by a simple analysis of a single electron spectrum, provide detailed information on the in-depth profile composition within the surface region of the sample. The uncertainty in the analysis is also investigated. Yb growth is found to proceed by a Stranski-Krastanov growth mode. Island formation is found after an ~ 9 A Yb overlayer thickness. Sample annealing at 400°C results in the formation of an alloy in the surface region with the approximate composition Ni 0.75 Yb 0.25 .

New algorithms for extracting non-destructive quantitative information from adsorbate-substrate systems through analysis of XPS spectra are applied to the AuNi(111) system. The method involves a separation of the measured spectrum into its adsorbate and substrate constituents followed by a detailed analysis of the adsorbate component. The method is shown to give good structural as well as quantitative information on the AuNi(111) system through analysis of one single spectrum. The system is found to grow in a layer-by-layer fashion in agreement with previous results.

Methods for non-destructive surface analysis through studies of the peak shape of electron spectra have previously been proposed. Here these methods are applied to investigate the growth of Cu2O on polycrystalline copper at 650°C exposed to a pressure of 2 × 10−13 torr oxygen. It is found that oxidation does not proceed homogeneously over the entire surface but through the formation of islands. Initially the islands are found to grow both laterally and vertically up to a thickness of at least ∼ 100 A. For exposure ⪆ 100 A, the Langmuir, the islands continue to grow laterally. Since the method only probes depths up to ∼ 100 A, the possibility of continued vertical growth for large exposure can not be excluded.

A test is performed on the validity of a recently proposed formalism for quantitative surface analysis by electron spectroscopy. To this end, four samples were produced with identical amounts of gold within the surface region of a Ni sample but with different in-depth distributions. These samples were analyzed by XPS without making any assumptions about the actual gold in-depth profile. The formalism is found to improve quantification of the total amount of gold within the surface region of the inhomogeneous samples by more than one order of magnitude when compared to traditional analysis. In sets of spectra where the measured peak intensity (determined by the Shirley method) varied by factors of 1.79, 3.23, and 33, the error in the quantitative analysis by the present formalism was ≲ 4%, ≲ 7%, and ≲ 23%, respectively. The formalism also gives information on the in-depth concentration profile.