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The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and mechanism of miR-17 in gastric lym-phoma. miR-17mimics, miR-17 inhibitors and negative controls were transfected into human gastric lymphoma cell line cyp6d. The proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of cyp6d cells were detected by CCK-8, Transwell and TUNEL methods, respectively. The expression and clinicopathological features of miR-17 in gastric lymphoma were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. The target gene of miR-17 was predicted by targetscan 7.2, and the expression of miR-17 related protein was detected by Western blot. The results showed that the expression of miR-17 in gastric lymphoma was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P0.05), which was closely related to lymph node metastasis, tumor size and distant metastasis (P0.05). The high expression of miR-17 significantly promoted the proliferation and invasion of cyp6d cells and inhibited apoptosis (P0.05). The high expression of miR-17 can regu¬late the expression of HSP60 and TNFR2. It has been found that miR-17 can promote the development of gastric lymphoma by regulating HSP60/TNFR2 pathway, which is a potential molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric lymphoma.

The Laennec capsule of liver was first discovered and reported by French doctor Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec in 1802.However, it has not received enough attention for more than 200 years since then. In recent years, with the rapid development of liver surgery represented by laparoscopic technology, and the deepening of the theory of precise liver surgery, the fine anatomical structure of liver Laennec capsule has returned to the vision of liver surgeons.Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of Laennec capsule in liver histology, covering the whole liver surface, and lining the surface of liver parenchyma around the Glisson pedicle and the main hepatic vein along the inflow and outflow channels of the liver. Based on the Laennec capsule approach, it is expected to unify the current approach of Glisson pedicle and the approach of hepatic vein, and provide a new theoretical basis for the liver surgery, and guide us in the standardization of liver surgeries.肝脏Laennec包膜最早于1802年由法国医师Laennec发现并报道，但在此后200余年未得到足够重视。近年来，随着腹腔镜肝脏外科的快速发展，以及精准肝切除理念的不断深入，肝脏的精细解剖结构——Laennec包膜重新回到外科医师的视野中。最近有学者在组织学上证实了肝脏Laennec包膜的存在，发现其覆盖在整个肝脏表面，同时沿着肝脏的流入道和流出道衬于Glisson鞘和肝静脉周围肝实质的表面。因此，基于Laennec包膜的肝切除手术入路，有望将目前的Glisson鞘入路和肝静脉入路统一，为建立规范和标准化的肝脏手术方式提供新的思路。.

In the traditional analysis method of noise signals, it is very difficult to relate the overall noise from compressors to the angular position. The experimental method of separating the overall noise of different angular ranges is carried out at the real conditions. The starting position of the rotary piston is labelled with vane displacement and the test signals are synchronously sampled. Experimental results are analysed through fast Fourier transform method based on different angular ranges, which displays the following useful conclusions. The experiment technology could effectively identify the angular ranges for the frequency bands with prominent noise level; for the experimental rolling-piston compressor, the vibration, and sound pressure level of the discharge process (210–360 angular degrees) are the largest above the frequency 500 Hz. The discharge process is divided into three parts, where the final part contributes a little to the overall noise level when compared with the other two stages. Pressure pulsation is an important source of vibration and noise and its suppression of peak frequencies is the key of low-noise design of the compressor.

Since the accumulator is one of main contributors to the overall noise level of the rotary compressor, research on the acoustic performance of accumulators is essential. Numerical analysis based on the computational fluid dynamic method shows that large pressure fluctuations are caused mainly by periodic rotating piston. The idea that the flow phase differences of two pipes could be utilized for suppressing fluctuations is proposed. The double standpipes of an accumulator are changed to the single pipe with two branches and each branch is connected to the inlet of the compressor. Flow structures and wall pressure fluctuations for the two configurations are computed. Computational results show that wall pressure pulsations of the new accumulator are obviously lower than that of the original. The acoustic experiments were carried out under the real working conditions. Compared with the original, the new accumulator shows that the overall noise level is reduced about 1.2 dB(A) and the sound spectrum levels are also lower in a wide frequency domain, which validate the numerical and theoretical analysis.

A depth-averaged 2-D finite-difference numerical modelling for eutrophication in coastal waters, based upon a numerically generated boundary-fitted orthogonal curvilinear grid system, is developed. The present eutrophication model is run simultaneously with a hydrodynamic model to capture advection and diffusion due to tidal flow. A grid “block” technique is employed to handle the areas submerged intermittently. The model simulates the transport and transformation of up to nine water quality constituents associated with eutrophication in the waters. Some kinetic coefficients are calibrated with the measured data in Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. Descriptive inputs for Sediment Oxygen Demand (SOD) and nutrient releases from sediment, based on relevant in situ sampling analysis, are used. The computed results are compared with other long-term field data in Tolo Harbour. It shows that the computational results by the present model agree with the field data well, i.e., the present model could reasonably describe the depth-averaged algal growth dynamics and water quality time-variations in Tolo Harbour.

An unsteady finite difference mathematical model of depth-averaged two-dimensional (2-D) flow for Tolo Harbor in Hong Kong has been developed based upon the numerically generated boundary-fitted orthogonal curvilinear grid system and the grid “block” technique. The model overcomes the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) stability criterion constraint and can allow the specification of a flexible initial condition. The error bars and the root mean square (rms) errors between the computed and the measured data show that the present model reproduces the depth-averaged 2-D flow in Tolo Harbor reasonably, and the computational results agree with the available measured data. It could be found from the numerical simulation that the flow exchange or tidal flushing in the inner part of the Harbor and in the small side coves is quite limited.

A new two-layer, two-dimensional mathematical model employing a finite difference method based on numerically generated boundary-fitted orthogonal co-ordinates and a grid ‘block’ technique for unsteady boundary problems is developed which can be used to simulate flows with density stratification in a natural water-body with complicated topography. In the model the turbulent exchange across the interface is treated empirically and a time-splitting finite difference method with two fractional steps is employed to solve the governing equations. The model is calibrated and verified by comparing the computational results with data measured in Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. The simulation results mimie the field measurements very closely. The computation shows that the model reproduces the two-layer, two-dimensional tidal flow with density stratification in Tolo Harbour very well. The computed velocity hodographs show that the tidal circulations at various positions in each layer have different patterns and that the features of the patterns are independent of the tidal type except for their scales. The computed Lagrangian pathlines show that the tidal excursion is dependent on the tidal type, especially in the inner harbour and side-coves.

Recent findings show that developmental vitamin D deficiency leads to altered brain morphology and behavioral development in the rat offspring. We examined the effects of different dietary vitamin D levels in rat dams on behavior and biochemistry of the offspring. Females were divided into five conditions and received diets containing 0, 1,5, 3.3, 6.0, or 10.0 IU/g of vitamin D₃ from mating to weaning. Offspring were tested as juveniles and as adults for anxiety, social learning and behavior, and locomotion. Results show that both deficient and excessive levels of vitamin D3 in juveniles lead to altered physiology and behavior. In juveniles but not adults, variations in vitamin D were related to variations in measures of anxiety and marginally, activity levels. For social behaviors, both juveniles and adults were affected by mothers' diets. In general, offspring of animals receiving abnormal concentrations of vitamin D showed the most deficits.

The structural properties of a high‐temeprature superconducting textured YBa2Cu3O7−x thin film on a SrTiO3(100) substrate have been studied by reflection x‐ray pole‐figure methods, which can elucidate the degree of preferred orientations of the crystallites in polycrystalline materials and the relative orientations and lateral lattice alignments of the film with respect to the substrate. The specimen was fabricated on a SrTiO3(100) substrate by rf diode sputter deposition and subsequent furnace annealing in flowing oxygen. The film was found to be more preferentially a axis oriented than c axis oriented with a grain ratio of about 4:1. The a‐axis‐oriented grains are heavily twinned and the twinning structure is reflection about the (013) plane. The pole figures of the c‐axis‐oriented grains are consistent with the (110) reflection twinning structure. Nevertheless, the crystal axes of both types of oriented grains are aligned with those of the substrate. In addition, the interface matching of the film with...

Der p 2 isoallergens have been reported and the possibility of different allergenicity has also been suggested. In addition, the quantification with 2-site ELISA may be affected by the isoallergens.Two different recombinant Der p 2 (rDer p 2) isoallergens were compared in terms of human IgE responses and the reliability of quantification of them with two-site ELISA kits which use monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as capture and detection of Der p 2.Seven different Der p 2 cDNA from the cultured Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) were cloned and polymorphism in nine amino acid residues was found. Two different recombinant isoallergens (rDer p 2A and rDer p 2B) were expressed and compared to their human IgE immune responses by ELISA and the ELISA inhibition test with 23 sera of DP-allergic patients. The reliability of quantification of two different available 2-site ELISA kits, which used mAbs for capture and detection of Der p 2, was evaluated.The ELISA optical density of rDer p 2B-specific IgE (sIgE) was higher than that of rDer p 2A (P0.001). The ELISA inhibition curve of rDer p 2B sIgE in pool I sera (n = 5; high sIgE both to rDer p 2A and rDer p 2B) did not show any differences in the 50% inhibition concentration and maximum inhibitory percentage of rDer p 2A and rDer p 2B sIgE. However, with pool II sera (n = 5; markedly higher sIgE to rDer p 2B than rDer p 2A), the 50% inhibitory concentrations (10 microg/mL vs. 40 ng/mL) and maximum inhibitory percentage (61% vs. 99%) of rDer p 2B sIgE with the two recombinant isoallergens were quite different. rDer p 2B could be quantified with two different 2-site ELISA kits, but rDer p 2A was detected by only one kit.We conclude that isoallergens of Der p 2 may have different IgE immune responses. Quantification of Der p 2 with 2-site ELISA kits that adopted mAbs, might be affected by the prevalent form of the isoallergens in reservoir dust.

Der f 2 is a major sensitizing allergen in patients allergic to house dust mites worldwide. Isoforms of Der f 2 have been reported and are known to have different antigenicities. The aim of this study was to facilitate antigenic analysis and to develop an improved method for the detection of Der f 2 isoallergen, which is prevalent in Korea.A two-site ELISA was developed with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which were produced against recombinant Der f 2 (rDer f 2) and applied to assess Der f 2 in bedding samples.A major isoform of Der f 2, found in Korea, was found to have amino acid variations especially at position 100 from lysine to glutamic acid, which is known to reduce significantly the binding affinity of mAbs when used to assess group 2 allergens. The detection limit of the developed two-site ELISA was determined to be about 8 ng/ml with rDer f 2 and 1 microg/ml with Derntatophagoides farinae crude extract. The average amount of Der f 2 in dust obtained from bedding samples from 89 homes in Seoul was estimated to be 25.61+/-10.70 microg/g dust.Assays using mAbs for rDer f 2 could be useful for the assessment of environmental allergen exposure and mAbs could be used to further characterize the isoallergens of Der f 2.

A previous study has demonstrated that both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were needed to induce the production of nitric oxide (NO) in BNL CL.2 cells, murine embryonic liver cells. We here demonstrate that when BNL CL.2 cells were cultured with serum-free medium, they were induced to produce NO by the stimulation of IFN-gamma alone. BNL CL.2 cells were cultured with serum-free or serum-containing medium for 1-3 days and then stimulated to synthesize NO by IFN-gamma. Surprisingly, only serum-starved cells showed significant amount of nitrite accumulation and iNOS protein expression in response to IFN-gamma in dose- and time-dependent manners, but serum-supplied cells did not. When the cells were stimulated with IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), or LPS in combinations, only the combination of IFN-gamma and LPS produced more NO than that produced by IFN-gamma alone. The production of NO by the cells stimulated with IFN-gamma or IFN-gamma plus LPS was blocked by the addition of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (N(G)MMA), a NO synthesis inhibitor. To address the intracellular signal pathway responsible for the production of NO by the cells stimulated with IFN-gamma aloneor IFN-gamma plus LPS, we examined the effects of several protein kinase inhibitors on the production of NO from the cells. The production of NO was significantly inhibited by protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors, genistein and herbimycin A, but not by protein kinase A or C inhibitors. These results suggest that the deprivation of serum from BNL CL.2 cell culture medium might prime the cells to induce NO synthesis when the cells are triggered by IFN-gamma and the involvement of PTK signal transduction pathway in the expression of inducible NO synthase gene in murine hepatoma cells.

Ag films deposited on Si(111) substrates by partially ionized beam (PIB) under conventional vacuum conditions were studied by MeV ion channeling techniques. In spite of their large lattice mismatch (24.8%), Ag films were still found to be epitaxial. With a deposition temperature of 350°C and without post-annealing, the Xmin value at the surface of a 2550 A° thick Ag film was found to be 10%. The azimuthal angular scan and the measured axial channeling dip showed that the Ag film was (111) oriented. The lattice quality of the films was comaparable to that deposited by MBE techniques. Dislocations were found in the PIB deposited Ag films. Lattice damage due to the bombardment of energetic ions was also observed. The thickness of the Ag film was found to have a pronounced effect on the crystalline quality at the surface. With the thickness increasing from 1240 A° to 2550 A°, the lattice quality at the Ag surface improved significantly, but not much change in the defect density in the Ag films was obseved.

Surface analysis of a palladium boride liquid metal ion beam deposition on a silicon single‐crystal (100) solid surface was analyzed by optical microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. The beam composition prior to the deposition on silicon was analyzed with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Droplet formation was observed experimentally from a 10‐μm emitter tip radius which can be estimated from calculation to be due to higher mass flow rate associated with a larger emitting tip radius. Auger electron spectroscopy results show that the main element contaminants (Fe, Ni, Cr, and Re) come mostly from extractor material (Fe, Ni, and Cr) sputtering, and emitter tip erosion. Rutherford backscattering analysis of beam deposit from a 10‐μm emitter tip radius on silicon surface shows no change in stoichiometry between the deposit and alloy source despite droplet formation on silicon surface.

Ions of 120 keV Xe + , 100 keV Ne + and 120 keV H + 2 have been implanted to various doses in 2.6 μm epitaxial layers of yttrium iron garnet (Y 3 Fe 5 O 4 ) grown on 〈111〉 single crystal gadolinium gallium garnet. Rutherford backscattering and resonant 16 O(α, α) 16 O scattering of channeled 3.07 MeV 4 He + ions have been measured to study crystal distortions induced during room temperature implantation. Strain close to the surface was obtained from the angle change between 〈110〉 and 〈100〉 axes as measured by channeling in implanted and unimplanted parts of the crystal. The damage profile was obtained directly from the energy spectrum of backscattered particles. A simple method to evaluate strain profiles from the measured RBS (Rutherford Backscattering) spectra has been used.

Characteristics of a eutectic boron platinum (Pt58B42) liquid‐metal ion source (LMIS) were analyzed and investigated with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). The source characteristics can be explained by the hydrodynamic model, particularly for needle geometry LMIS. Surface analysis with RBS and AES indicated that more boron is produced in the ion beam than left in the liquid alloy reservoir and more droplets are produced with a 10‐μm emitter tip radius, which reduced boron current in the beam. The source instability was associated with droplet formation. AES results show that substantial neutral ions were produced which was not detected by QMS. RBS results on the depleted residual alloy remaining on the carbon ribbon heater indicated that the cause of the alloy system’s short lifetime (33 h) is due to a change in alloy stoichiometry to a higher platinum content. Three different emitter tip radii (2.5, 5, and 10 μm) ma...

Using the channeling technique, the co-operative Jahn-Teller effect in nickel chromite single crystals has been studied by helium ion backscattering and the resonant nuclear scattering of O16(α,α)O16 at Eα = 3.056 MeV. The results have shown that the chan dips for Ni + Cr and O atoms around 〈110〉, 〈111〉 and 〈111〉 axes become shallow at temperatures below the dynamic to static Jahn-Teller transition, which has been attributed to extra dechanneling due to the domain effect and explained by the (110) twin model. Also there is some indication that the Ni or Cr atoms (or both) are laterally displaced from the 〈111〉 or 〈111〉 axis at temperatures lower than the transition temperature. This differs from the usual expectation for the co-operative Jahn-Teller effect.

Experimental results on the angular dependence of energy loss for 2 MeV channeled He + ions along the Si〈100〉 axis by use of transmission channeling are presented. The measured angular width of this dependence is significantly smaller than the corresponding experimental value for the nuclear encounter probability. A modified two component assumption for the energy loss gives an excellent agreement to the experimental results. Based on this two component assumption, and separating the contributions from valence electrons and core electrons, a simple empirical expression for the energy loss channeled ions is proposed. A method is developed to extract the average L shell electron density distribution in the channel from the measured angular dependence. The peak of the distribution is at 0.18 A.

Al films formed by the ion cluster beam deposition (ICBD) and Ag films formed by molecular beam epitaxy deposition on Si(111) substrates were studied by MeV ion channeling techniques. Both the Al and Ag films were found to be epitaxial despite their large lattice mismatch to Si substrates (both are close to 25%). Both the Al and Ag films were found to contain dislocation loops, which is attributed to the large lattice mismatch. Displaced Al atoms in the Al film but no displaced Ag atoms in the Ag films were found. The existence of displaced Al atoms is attributed to the bombardments of ion or ionized clusters in ICBD. A large step increase in dechanneling at the Al/Si interface was observed, which decreases with the increasing incident energy. The existence of a “semicoherent” interface in which four Al lattice planes match three Si lattice planes almost perfectly, cannot explain the energy dependence of the step increase. The thickness of the Ag films was found to have an obvious effect on the epitaxial growth. A misoriented growth of the Ag film was also observed.

Si(100)(2×1) reconstructed surface was studied by a combination of conventional (backscattering) and transmission channeling. In a conventional channeling study, the angular dependence of the conventional surface peak intensity along the normal axis 〈100〉 and off‐normal axis 〈111〉 were measured and compared to several models by use of Monte Carlo simulation including the domain effect. The buckled dimer model (YC) gives better fit to the experimental results, but still underestimates the distortion in the atomic arrangement beneath the first monolayer, especially the larger displacement along the 〈100〉 axis should be considered. The measured transmission surface peak intensity is compared to the model prediction based on the flux peaking effect, indicating that, at least one of the two atoms consisting of the dimer needs to be displaced from the 〈100〉 axis larger than 0.96 A; the displacement perpendicular to the (110) plane (Δy) should be involved. The YJM model involving the displacement Δy gives the be...

Ion-beam mixing as a means of changing alloy ratios in a continuous way by adjusting dose has shown considerable promise toward developing materials with large thermoelectric power. Using 130 keV krypton (Kr) beams, we have mixed evaporated thin bismuth (Bi) films (∼ 200 A) overlaying slightly thicker tellurium (Te) films. By confining the rastered ion beam to the central portion of a long, narrow, two-layer strip, two junctions each of mixed and unmixed Bi + Te are formed at the ends of the region exposed to the Kr beam, and upon heating one junction, quite large e.m.f.s. are generated. A dose of ∼ 8 × 10 15 Kr/cm 2 was found to be optimum, above which the e.m.f. decreased. After mixing the samples were studied by RBS. The usefulness of the technique lies in the possibility of studying a variety of material pairs, for optimizing the thermopower figure of merit by introducing appropriate defects and fabricating multiple-stage thermopiles.

Epitaxial Al(111)/Si(111) films grown by the ionized cluster beam technique have been studied using the high‐energy He+ channeling technique. No observable strain has been detected between the Si substrate and the Al layer despite their large (∼25%) lattice mismatch. Displaced Al atoms have been observed in the Al film, which increases with the depth and reaches 30% near the Al/Si interface. A large step increase of dechanneling occurs at the Al/Si interface which might be accounted for by the existence of ‘‘semicoherent’’ interface in which four Al planes are matched to three Si planes.

Wafer scale interconnections offer an approach for improved wiring in ultrahigh speed digital systems. Conventional packaging introduces excessive parasitics such as coupling, stray inductance and capacitance, and excessive delay. Fabrication of large amounts of wafer scale wiring (hundreds of meters of wiring) will require automated inspection and repair strategies. The focused ion beam (FIB) is uniquely suited to some of these tasks. In this paper, a high yield lift-off process is employed to fabricate the wafer wire. Residual defects in this process have been categorized and found amenable to detection and repair by using the ion milling capabilities of the focused ion beam. However, special steps are required to enhance the milling rates. Secondary electron imaging permits the inspection of surface defects, but precautions must be taken to neutralize charge build-up on insulators.

Energetic particle beams are now widely used in the fabrication of semiconductor devices and integrated circuits [1]. In this broad arena of novel processes for semiconductor devices, the development of focused ion beam technology has been a major new development. By being able to produce a sub-micron ion beam a host of new devices and applications can be pursued. As shown in Table 1, these applications range from sub-micron scale analysis to localized ion milling to high resolution lithography to ion-assisted chemical processing and last, but by no means least, to maskless and resistless ion implantation, which for the first time can be varied in the lateral direction across the wafer surface.

600∼4000Å thick Ag films grown on 3∼4· misoriented Si(111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique have been studied by using x-ray pole-figure analysis and MeV He+ Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS)/channeling technique. X-ray pole-figure measurements revealed that despite the large lattice mismatch (∼25%) between Ag and Si, Ag films with epitaxial relationship Ag(111)//Si(111):Ag[011]//Si[011] were grown with a small quantity (15∼20%) of twin structure. The axial channeling minimum yield (Xmin) is reduced at the Ag surface as the Ag film thickness increases. These films were thermally stable up to 500°C annealing but the twinning disappeared after annealing

The nuclear scattering of 3 MeV protons on oxygen is applied to determine the oxygen stoichiometry in high Tc superconducting (HTS) thin films. Their oxide substrates are used as reference standards. This is a nondestructive, absolute method, which is as simple as the traditional Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). However, the relative sensitivity to oxygen has been enhanced. To obtain the stoichiometry, one only needs the data on atomic stopping powers and the chemical composition of the substates.When the measurements on the thin film and on the substate are carried out simultaneously, the inaccuracy in charge integration can be avoided and the accuracy of the oxygen stoichiometry can be further improved.

The structural perfection and defects of Ag films deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on Si(ll1) and Si(001) substrates have been analyzed by x-ray diffraction, Rutherford Backscattering (RBS)/channeling and electron microscopy. In spite of the large lattice mismatch (∼25 %) between Ag and Si, relatively high-quality Ag single crystal films (6∼10 % surface minimum yield) were grown on both Si(111) and Si(001) substrates. The primary defects contained in the Ag/Si(111) were double-positioning twins. The quantity of twinning depends on the film thickness and the substrate condition. For both Ag/Si(111) and Ag/Si(001) epitaxial systems, a high density defect region was contained in the Ag film within ∼1000 A of the interface. Ag films grown on misoriented Si(l11) substrates ( 4° off normal ) were misoriented by 0.5° towards the surface normal. Possible explanations of these defect formations associated with the large lattice mismatch are presented.