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Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are the second most common ovarian sex cord stromal tumors after fibroma/thecomas, accounting for less than 2% of all ovarian malignancies. GCTs are most common in postmenopausal women between the ages of 50 and 55, are usually diagnosed early, and have a good prognosis. GCTs are typically characterized by hyperestrogenism and have an average size of 10 to 15 cm. A 39-year-old nulligravida with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) discovered a 50-mm mass in her right ovary on ultrasonography. Pathological examination revealed an adult-type granulosa cell tumor with necrosis and hemorrhage. The tissue was positive for inhibin-, Wilms tumor-1, and CD56 but negative for cytokeratin 7. Finally, we performed a right salpingo-oophorectomy, an endometrial biopsy, a peritoneal biopsy, and a partial omentectomy. Pathology revealed an adult-type granulosa cell tumor. IA stood for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging. The patient did not require any additional care. Surprisingly, her normal menstruation returned two weeks later, and she had a normal pregnancy and parturition. Following the surgery, There have been no complications and the patient is disease-free. &nbsp

Due to routine maternal serum screening and fetal ultrasonography, gastrochisis is routinely found in utero, we report a case of gastrochisis diagnosed prenatally, the delivery was made by C-section and the patient was operated at day 1 of life with good outcome The surgical treatment of gastroschisis differs from hospital to hospital and has changed over the years, especially since the spring-loaded silo was invented. Every surgical repair has as its main objective the return of the viscera to the abdominal cavity while reducing the chance that the viscera would sustain harm from direct trauma or increased intra-abdominal pressure.Gatrochisis is remains a rare condition that be closed spontanouesly during the pregnancy and that can prevented by acid folic supplementation. &nbsp

The growing world population has increased the demand for meat production and has led to a rapid growth in the scale of broiler enterprises globally. Poultry producers need to implement several changes in their production systems to supply the increasing demand for poultry products while considering farming sustainability and ensuring high standards of animal welfare. The recent advancement in technology and engineering tools and materials, such as advanced sensors and sensing devices, data processing, and machine learning methods, provides effective tools for the broiler industry to monitor broiler welfare indicators. This review paper will (a) explain smart broiler farming, (b) describe on-farm broiler welfare assessment, and (c) explore on-farm applications of smart technologies that can be used as animal-based welfare assessment tools.

Full-penetration butt welds are often specified to connect the beam flanges to the column flange in welded moment resisting connections. Partial-penetration butt welds are cheaper than full-penetration butt welds and also more cost effective when compared to large fillet welds. EN 1993-1-8 standard includes a definition of an “effective full penetration of T-butt welds” implying that it can be used to replace butt welds leading to cost savings. This study evaluates the seismic performance of welded beam-to-column connections using effective full penetration of T-butt welds. Three full-scale T-shaped specimens were tested under cyclic loading. The results demonstrate that the effective full-penetration butt welds work very well under seismic loading, forcing the failure mode into the beam and enabling considerable energy to be dissipated within the beam plastic hinge, with no failure in the beam to column welds. Mock-up specimens were fabricated under real workshop conditions to examine the feasibility of reliably fabricating the weld penetration profiles required by EN 1993-1-8. This paper makes recommendations to the use of “equivalent strength” partial-penetration butt welds that can be used by the designer and/or fabricator to replace full-penetration butt welds.

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a specific but rare hepatopathy that can usually complicate the third trimester of pregnancy. It is potentially fatal for the mother and the fetus. To our knowledge, only eight cases of recurrence have been published, we report a new case. The first episode presented by our 23-year-old patient was suspected in front of a cutaneous-mucosal jaundice with vomiting occurring on pregnancy of 35weeks of gestation (WG). Hyperleucytosis, abnormalities of the hepatic balance, as well as a hypoglycemia were biological elements supporting the diagnostic beam. On the other hand, medical imaging could not bring a clear confirmation. The evolution was favorable after deferred delivery by caesarean section for pulmonary maturation. Three years later, she presented to the obstetrical emergency room at 36weeks and six days of gestation, with a clinical and biological picture almost similar to that of the first episode. A caesarean section was then indicated for suspicion of recurrence. The evolution is favorable for the mother and her children. The interest of the communication on the risk of recurrence, the clinical and biological monitoring in particular in the third trimester of the subsequent pregnancy are imperative, in order to improve the prognosis of this pathology.

Monoterpenes, the major components of the essential oils of the mint family, are synthesized in glandular trichomes. In peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) precursors for the biosynthesis of monoterpenes are provided by plastidial methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathways. Knowledge regarding regulatory elements modulating isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway and trichome differentiation is rudimentary in mint plant. In this study, we aimed to find dynamic transcriptional responses of MEP pathway and regulatory genes to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) in M. piperita by quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR). Moreover, the effects of altered precursor availability on oil composition and yield were evaluated after treatments. Consistent with the up-regulation of most of the MEP pathway genes, induced expression of AP2, WRKY and MYB genes resulted in an increase in oil yield and menthol content, suggesting combinatorial action of the JA-modulated transcription factors (TFs) in elicitation of MEP pathway gene expression. In addition to enhancing expression of some of the MEP pathway genes, GA probably affected trichome formation by induction of a C2H2-type zinc finger protein as a key trichome initiation regulator resulting in a rise in oil and menthol yield. Reduced expression of the C2H2 related TF coincided with the induction of MEP pathway genes, suggesting that the C2H2 TF may act as potential transcriptional repressor in the MEP pathway. Moreover, WRKY may regulate C2H2 and AP2 genes expression to control JA-elicited synthesis of terpenoids in M. piperita. These results provide insights related to the underlying mechanism of transcriptional regulation of terpenoids and trichome formation.

Species of Passalora s. lat. are eminent phytopathogenic fungi that cause generally leaf spot diseases on a broad variety of plants throughout the world. During our investigations exploring cercosporoid fungi associated with leaf spot symptoms of fruit and forest trees in northern and north-western Iran, several passalora-like infections were isolated from symptomatic leaves of different trees belonging to the Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Rosaceae and Ulmaceae. A polyphasic taxonomic approach by applying molecular data, morphological features and host data, was employed to identify the isolates. In a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis (LSU, ITS and RPB2), these isolates clustered in four clades in the Mycosphaerellaceae. The revealed taxa encompass Paracercosporidium microsorum on Tilia platyphyllos, Prathigadoides gleditsiae-caspicae gen. et. sp. nov. on Gleditsia caspica, Pruniphilomyces circumscissus on Prunus avium and Prunus cerasus, and Sirosporium celtidis on Celtis australis. The new genus Prathigadoides and its type species Prathigadoides gleditsiae-caspicae are molecularly distinct from all phylogenetically related genera, and some characteristics of the conidiophores and conidia differs from those of the morphologically similar species Prathigada condensata on the North America Gleditsia triacanthos.

The growing world population has increased the demand for meat and milk products and has led to a rapid growth in the scale of cattle enterprises globally. As a result, livestock production would intensify even more with farmers aiming to maximize output per animal unit and it would lower the stockperson per animal ratio. This will result in less time available to monitor and manage individual animals properly, jeopardizing animal health and welfare. The recent advancement in technological and engineering tools and materials such as advanced sensors and sensing devices, and data processing and machine learning methods provide effective tools for the dairy industry to control qualitative and quantitative parameters related to dairy cattle health and welfare. This review paper will (a) explain smart dairy technologies, (b) describe on-farm cattle welfare assessment, and (c) discuss sensors applied in automatic cattle welfare assessment.

In this study, the effects of surface wettability and nanoparticle concentration on boiling of ferrofluids were investigated with the application of magnetic field using molecular dynamics simulations. Liquid argon was considered as the base fluid with the use of Lennard-Jones fluid model. Two different surfaces (hydrophilic with contact angle of 40.5 degrees and hydrophobic with contact angle of 130.6 degrees) were taken into consideration to investigate the effect of nanoparticle presence on bubble formation over a uniformly heated wall. According to the obtained results, vapor film formation and nucleation depend on the interfacial wettability of nanoparticles and substrate. Compared to the pure liquid, film boiling does not easily happen in the ferrofluid containing hydrophilic nano particles, while it is easy to have vapor film in the nanofluid with hydrophobic nanoparticles. It was found that the momentum change due to external magnetic field dramatically alters the evaporation mechanism, resulting in lower liquid film temperature.

This paper investigates the possibility of using three systems of organic Rankine auxiliary power generation, ejector refrigeration and absorption to recover energy from a diesel car. The analysis is done for both urban and suburban driving modes that vary from 60 to 120 km/h. Various refrigerants have also been used for organic Rankine and Ejector refrigeration cycles. The capacity was evaluated by Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system in both urban and suburban conditions for cyclopentane and ammonia as refrigerants. Also, for these two driving plans, produced cooling by absorption refrigeration system under variable ambient temperature conditions and in ejector refrigeration system for R123, R134a and R141b refrigerants were investigated.

Background: Some brain tumors such as ependymoma and Medulloblastoma have similar MR images which may result to undifferentiated them from each other. Objective: This study aimed to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of two different cerebellar pediatric tumors, including ependymoma and medulloblastoma which have shown similar clinical images in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Material and Methods: In this analytical study, thirty six pediatric patients who were suspected to have the mentioned tumors according to their CT image findings were included in this study. The patients were subjected to conventional MRI protocols followed by diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and ADC values of the tumors were calculated automatically using MRI scanner software. Results: The mean (± SD) ADC value for ependymoma (1.2± 0.06 ×10-3 mm2/s) was significantly higher than medulloblastoma (0.87 ± 0.02 ×10-3 mm2/s) (p = 0.041). Moreover, the maximum ADC value of ependymoma was considerably different in comparison with medulloblastoma (1.4 ×10-3 mm2/s and 0.96×10-3 mm2/s, respectively; p = 0.035). Furthermore, the minimum ADC value of ependymoma was higher compared to medulloblastoma (1.0 ×10-3 mm2/s and 0.61×10-3 mm2/s, respectively), but there was not significant (p = 0.067). Conclusion: Evaluation of ADC values for ependymoma and medulloblastoma is a reliable method to differentiate these two malignancies. This is due to different ADC values reflected during the evaluation.

Menthol as an important component of monoterpenes essential oil in peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is widely applied for medical and industrial uses. In this study, the effect of exogenous applications of chitosan (200 mg/L), gibberellic acid (50 mg/L) and methyl jasmonate (300 μM) was investigated in the main genes of menthol biosynthesis pathways within a 72 h time period using qRT-PCR. Transcript levels of most genes were either unaffected or down-regulated following chitosan treatment relative to control plants. Decreasing of geranyl diphosphate synthase (GDS) and limonene synthase (LS) genes transcript in chitosan treatment could possibly be effective in reducing of limonene level. On the other hand, it seems that an increase in menthone-menthol reductase (MMR) transcription level at 72 h under these treatments had a positive role in increasing the amount of menthol in this plant. Since exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) down-regulated transcript levels of several genes involved in menthol biosynthesis, there is this expectance that GA3 treatment might not have a prominent role in enhancing menthol yield via transcription regulation. Transcript level of the majority genes after methyl jasmonate treatment gradually increased and reached the highest level at 72 h, therefore, it is possible that methyl jasmonate improves medicinal properties of M. piperita.

This paper is granted with a novel method for improving the toughness of phenolic composite laminates. This method employs electrospun hybrid nanofibers containing polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and pyrolytic carbon (PyC), which are interleaved between mid-layers of the laminate. Mode-II fracture test is used for studying the toughening behavior of modified laminates. The results suggest shortage of pure PVB nanofibers in causing a substantial increase in the fracture toughness of laminates (about 7% increase). However, incorporation of PyC particles to PVB nanofibers can enhance the fracture toughness up to about 24%. Scanning electron microscope images reveal the toughening mechanism provided by each type of nanofibrous mat. Thermal gravimetric analysis was also applied for studying the role of PyC particles in the thermal stability of PVB nanofibers.

Purpose – This paper aims to clarify the corrosion behavior of two famous structural steels in sour environment. These steels have a vast application in oil and gas industries. The study aims to find the effect of different concentrations of sour solution on the origin of crack in these steels. Design/methodology/approach – After preparation of specimens, different sour solutions were made using the synthetic brine (according to National Association of Corrosion Engineers [NACE], Technical Committee Report 1D182) and various amounts of Na2S.9H2O and CH3COOH. The polarization test was done by Potansiostat apparatus model Zahner-IM6 at two temperatures, 25°C and 50°C. The corrosion current densities were obtained from the polarization curves. Finally, the corrosion products and hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) were investigated by Tescan Vega II XMU scanning electron microscope (SEM) linked to a Rontec energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) system. Findings – API 5L-X70 steel showed smaller corrosion current values than A516-Gr70 steel. The HIC cracks propagated parallel to the surface of A516-Gr70 steel in three solutions and confirmed the inappropriateness of this steel for sour environment applications. Originality/value – This paper studies the effect of sour environment on the behavior of two famous industrial steels at two temperatures by new method.

Aims: Alpha tumor necrosis factor and Hydrogen peroxide increase in neurotrophins expression in several brain structures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of Hydrogen peroxide and neurotrophic tumor necrosis factor with brain-derived neurotrophic factor by glial cellderived neurotrophic factor after severe exercise. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was done on 16 adult Wistar albino rats 280g and 3months old. Animals were divided into two intense exercise and sedentary control groups. Animals ran for 6 weeks, 6 days a week, at the speed of 27m per minute and on treadmill for 60 minutes daily. Using kit, the content of BDNF, GDNF, and TNF-α were measured using sandwich ELISA and hydrogen peroxide levels was analyzed by colorimetric assay. Data analyzed by SPSS 16 and Independent-T test. Findings: Hydrogen peroxide levels in the brain, in intense exercise group increased significantly compared with control group (p= 0.006). TNF-α, GDNF and BDNF Levels in the brain in intense exercise group significantly increased compared with control group (p=0.001). Conclusion: Intense running on treadmill increase BDNF and GDNF content in brain of albino Wistar rats through increasing the H2O2 and TNF-α levels.

Resume Objectifs Evaluer la pratique actuelle de l’analgesie apres thoracotomie et thoracoscopie en France. Type d’etude Enquete transversale de pratiques professionnelles. Materiel Medecins anesthesistes-reanimateurs referents pour les structures pratiquant la chirurgie thoracique au cours de l’annee 2012. Methode Questionnaire electronique concernant l’activite du centre en chirurgie thoracique et les modalites et frequences estimees de differentes techniques d’analgesie. L’evaluation principale etait en pourcentage estime d’actes, apres imputation sur les donnees originelles. Resultats Quatre-vingt-quatre centres sur 103 (82 %) ont repondu a l’enquete. Le couplage d’une anesthesie locoregionale a une anesthesie generale representait 74 % des thoracotomies et 35 % des thoracoscopies. Une pratique etait declaree par 68 centres (81 %) pour l’analgesie peridurale, et par 27 centres (32 %) pour le bloc paravertebral. Les caracteristiques les plus frequentes pour la pratique du bloc paravertebral etaient : ponction thoracique, debut peroperatoire, ropivacaine 0,2 % plus sufentanil, administration autocontrolee avec infusion plus bolus, duree superieure a 48 heures apres chirurgie. Les voies d’abord du bloc paravertebral etaient, en taux de pratique : posterieure par perte de resistance 34 %, posterieure echoguidee 24 %, chirurgicale 42 %. L’analgesie systemique la plus frequente etait la morphine intraveineuse autocontrolee. La ketamine etait utilisee pour 60 % des actes. Conclusions La pratique francaise de l’analgesie apres chirurgie thoracique a suivi au cours de la derniere decennie l’evolution dictee par les donnees de la science, mais plus du quart des thoracotomies ne beneficieraient pas des techniques recommandees d’analgesie peridurale/paravertebrale, contre 8 % seulement au Royaume-Uni en 2005.

This paper presents distribution of phosphorus (total P, organic and inorganic P) in the southern of Caspian Sea sediments where collected from four sampling stations in the summer 2009. Several forms of the phosphorus in sediment were separated and extracted according to sequential extraction method. Then extracted phosphorus in each fraction was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometery. Five forms of phosphorus were studied (i) loosely sorbed phosphorus, (ii) ferric-iron-bound phosphorus, (iii) authigenic phosphorus, (iv) detrital phosphorus, and (v) organic phosphorus. The total P contents were ranged from 124.5 to 328.2 μg g(-1). It was found that more than 98% of the total P is inorganic phosphorus (IP). Among the four forms of IP, loosely bound P, P-Fe, P-detrital and P-authigenic distribution ranges were 2.70-17.31%, 10.00-44.79%, 0.40-1.70% and 48.35-83.48%, respectively. Result also showed that the most abundant forms of phosphorus were authigenic phosphorus. Relative abundances of other forms of phosphorus follow the order: P-Fe>loosely bound-P>organic P>detrital P.

Introduction: Appendectomy is one of the most frequently performed abdominal operations in surgical practice. Preoperative imaging has been demonstrated to improve diagnostic accuracy in appendicitis. Abdominal ultrasonography (US) is the most commonly and first-line imaging modality used for diagnosing acute appendicitis (AA).The aim of this study was to demonstrate the diagnostic value of abdominal ultrasonography for diagnosing acute appendicitis. Methods: In a retrospective study, we analyzed 200 consecutive patients with abdominal pain that undergoing appendectomy, from June 2009 to April 2012. Patient characteristics, preoperative ultrasonography (US) and laboratory assessment including WBC were collected. Final diagnosis of appendicitis was confirmed by histopathological examination. Results were compared with US. Results: Two hundred patients were admitted to this study that undergoing appendectomy. Mean age was 24 years (range: 1 to 91 years), and 57% were females. Patient White blood cell counts were found to be high in 78% while it was 86% for AA group and 64% for NA group (p < 0.05). One hundred sixty-six of these patients (83%) were diagnosed as acute appendicitis on pathology, and 34 (17%) were diagnosed differently. 157 of patients underwent US, eighty two of this patients diagnosed as acute appendicitis on US examinations and in 78 of them were also reported as acute appendicitis on histopathological examination. The sensitivity and specificity of abdominal US for diagnosing appendicitis were 70% and 90.2% respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 93% and negative predictive value (NPV) was reported 62%. Conclusion: Ultrasonography has a high PPV and specificity, so as a diagnostic tool, positive US strongly suggests the diagnosis of AA. A low negative predictive value recommends that negative US is not sufficient to exclude the diagnosis of AA and patients could not be managed on an outpatient basis following a negative scan. Nepalese Journal of Radiology; Vol. 2; Issue 2; July-Dec. 2012; 13-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v2i2.7680

Granulosa tumors are rare malignant tumors of the ovary. There are two histological types: the adult form (95%) and the juvenile form (5%). They often occur in the adult population with extreme ages ranging from 40 to 70 years. The clinical signs are very variable with a slow evolution and a risk of recurrence that can go up to 30-40 years after the diagnosis. The radiological diagnosis is based on ultrasound data and magnetic resonance image (MRI). Radical surgical treatment is the basis of their therapeutic management.

Beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIRV) is a geminivirus with unusual genomic organisation, recently reported in Iran, infecting sugarbeet and a few other plant species. Although three BCTIRV sequences have been reported, demonstration that BCTIRV DNA is the causal agent of the disease was missing. A full-length genomic DNA was obtained from symptomatic leaves of sugarbeet collected in the Sivand area of Iran, and its nucleotide sequence was determined (BCTIRV-Siv, 2845 nt). To satisfy Koch's postulates, an infectivity assay was developed by inserting a 1.4-mer of BCTIRV-Siv DNA in Agrobacterium tumefaciens and using it in agroinoculation experiments. The cloned viral DNA was capable of infecting sugarbeets, reproducing the leaf curling and vein enations observed in the field. These results demonstrate that the single DNA component of BCTIRV is sufficient for infectivity. Host range studies indicated that some economically important crops can be affected, such as spinach, tomato and sweet pepper, as well as important laboratory plants including Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis thaliana and Jimson weed. Circulifer haematoceps, the dominant leafhopper species present in sugarbeet fields in Iran, was successfully used to transmit the disease. The availability of an infectious clone will facilitate extended host range studies, to determine the potential risks to other crops, as well as genetic studies on this unusual member of the family Geminiviridae.

Today, the issue of corporate sustainability is noted both in academic literature and in the business environment, and there are many companies and organizations that want to make their operations sustainable and communicate different dimensions of sustainability in their business to stakeholders through sustainability reporting. This paper seeks to provide a framework for corporate sustainability reporting by reviewing existing literature on sustainability reporting, taking into account the expertise of domestic experts, to provide a roadmap for developing corporate sustainability reports in Iran. The statistical population of this study includes professionals and academics, including university teachers and post- graduate students in business majors. Our sample was determined via judgment sampling and data was obtained through 119 designed questionnaires. The results of this research is summarized in a Corporate Sustainability Reporting Framework for Iran, which is developed based on Seven research questions related to preparers of sustainability reports; determinants of sustainability reporting; the content of sustainability reports; corporate governance mechanisms necessary for sustainability reporting; challenges and risks with regard to sustainability reporting; benefits of sustainability reports; and assurance of sustainability reports.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a proper tool for structural analysis and designing in near‐fault regions where the level of earthquake hazard is more and its nature is different from far‐field regions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses near‐fault records and pulse extraction using wavelet analysis and designs a spectra concept.FindingsThe paper developed a proper design spectra for near‐fault structural analysis and design.Originality/valueThis paper using pulse extraction for developing a 3D response spectrum with paying attention to earthquake magnitude is new and final design spectra proposed is valuable.

The adsorption characteristics of cadmium and nickel onto expanded perlite from aqueous solution have been investigated with respect to changes in pH of solution, adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature of the solution. The maximum removal efficiency of Cd (II) is 88.8% at pH 6 and exposure to 10 g/L expanded perlite, while for Ni (II), it is 93.3% at the same pH and exposure to 8 g/L adsorbent. For the adsorption of both metals, the Freundlich isotherm model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Langmuir isotherm model. Experimental data are also evaluated in terms of kinetic characteristics of adsorption and it was found that the adsorption process for both metal ions follows well pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic functions, the change of free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) of adsorption are also calculated for each metal ion. The results show that the adsorption of these metal ions on expanded perlite is feasible and exothermic at 20-50°C.

Resume En chirurgie pulmonaire, l’evaluation du risque postoperatoire est toujours une preoccupation pour le clinicien. Il a ete demontre, lors de cette periode dans les lobectomies une perte disproportionnee de la capacite vitale (CV) et du volume expiratoire maximal par seconde (VEMS) par rapport aux valeurs predictives. L’objectif de ce travail a ete d’evaluer dans la periode postoperatoire precoce : (1) l’evolution des parametres fonctionnels respiratoires dans le cadre de lobectomies et de pneumonectomies pour cancer, (2) la part reversible de la restriction postoperatoire (effet thoracotomie). L’etude prospective a comporte l’evaluation de la fonction respiratoire en preoperatoire puis en postoperatoire au premier (j1), au cinquieme (j5) et au dixieme jours (j10) et au quatrieme mois (M4). Trente et un patients sans complication postoperatoire ont ete inclus. Les resections comportaient 19 lobectomies (âge moyen 59 ± 10 ans) et 12 pneumonectomies (âge moyen 56 ± 9 ans). Le mode ventilatoire dans les deux types de resection etait similaire jusqu’a j5. L’amputation de CV et de la capacite pulmonaire totale etait de l’ordre de 50 %. Les volumes de reserve expiratoire (VRE) et de reserve inspiratoire (VRI) etaient reduits n’atteignant que 40 % de la valeur preoperatoire. L’alteration du VEMS etait plus importante que sa valeur predictive surtout dans les lobectomies (52 ± 16 % a j5 versus 67 ± 14 % valeur predictive). Mais le VEMS/CV etait stable, temoignant d’un deficit restrictif dominant. Les resultats suggerent que l’amelioration du VEMS suit l’evolution des volumes mobilisables et notamment de la capacite inspiratoire et du VRI. Les conditions mecaniques et fonctionnelles respiratoires postoperatoires immediates justifient le developpement de l’entrainement inspiratoire.

Due to the noise that is present in remote sensing data, a robust method to retrieve information is needed. In this study, the active learning method (ALM) is applied to spectral remote sensing reflectance data to retrieve in-water pigment. The heart of the ALM is a fuzzy interpolation method that is called the ink drop spread (IDS). Three datasets (SeaBAM, synthetic and NOMAD) are used for the evaluation of the selected ALM approach. Comparison of the ALM with the ocean colour 4 (OC4) algorithm and the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm demonstrated the robustness of the ALM approach in retrieval of in-water constituents from remote sensing reflectance data. In addition, the ALM identified and ranked the most relevant wavelengths for chlorophyll and pigment retrieval.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacteria that afflicts world’ human population. Virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori have been associated with clinical outcome of the infection including gastritis, gastric ulcer (GU), duodenal ulcer (DU) and gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine the outbreak of cagA and iceA genotypes of H. pylori in patients with gastroduodenal diseases in Babol, North of Iran.METHODS: Fifty patients with dyspepsia underwent gastroscopy and antral biopsy for histologic study. CagA, iceA, iceA1 and iceA2 genotypes were determined by PCR. FINDINGS: Of 30(60%) HP positive strains, 80% were positive for cagA gene. CagA genotype was positive in 91.7% (11 of 12), 73.3% (11 of 15) and 66.7% (2 of 3) of patients with gastritis, DU and GU, respectively. IceA was positive in 21(70%) of all patients and iceA1 was found in 14(66.7%) isolates and iceA2 was found in 23.8% isolates. IceA1 and IceA2 were not found in 2(9.5%). IceA1 outbreak in patients with gastritis, DU and GU was 88.9%, 45.5% and 50%, respectively.CONCLUSION: Positive cagA strain was more than negative cagA and, iceA1 was predominant strains in our patients with HP infection. We found that two genes other than iceA1 and iceA2 in this study. It seems that new allele other than iceA1 and iceA2 genes are present in H. pylori.

The antifungal action of four essential oils of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Eugenia caryophyllata (Clove) and Salvia officinalis (sage) was tested in vitro against Penicillium digitatum Sacc. Direct contact and vapour phase were used to test the antifungal activity of these essential oils against P. digitatum that is responsible for green mould rot of citrus fruits. The vapour phase and direct contact of clove and thyme essential oils exhibited the strongest toxicity and totally inhibited the mycelial growth of the test fungus. Thyme and clove essential oils completely inhibited P. digitatum growth either when added into the medium 600 μl l−1 or by their volatiles with 24 μl per 8 cm diameter Petri dish. In in vitro mycelial growth assay showed fungistatic and fungicidal activity by clove and thyme essential oils. Sage and fennel oils did not show any inhibitory activity on this fungus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done to study the mode of action of clove oil in P. digitatum and it was observed that treatment with the oil leads to large alterations in hyphal morphology.

The fungistatic and fungicidal activities of the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme), Myrtus communis L. (myrtle), Eugenia caryophyillata (clove) and Citrus aurantifolia (lime) were determined, and most effective essential oils were found to those of thyme and clove. Thyme and clove oils completely inhibited A. flavus growth either when added into the medium at 600 and 900 µl l-1 or by the volatile oil with 12 and 24 µl per 8cm diameter Petri dish.