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Liquefaction occurs in saturated loose sandy soils that experience an increase in pore water pressure due to the propagation of earthquake waves to the ground surface. This phenomenon raises various questions such as how the groundwater level can affect the occurrence of liquefaction events at different earthquake strengths. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of groundwater level on liquefaction-prone soils at different seismic peak acceleration values and the effect of relative density (Dr) values on liquefaction-prone soils with variations in groundwater level and earthquake acceleration. In this study, a sample of Jono Oge sand soil was used from the occurrence of liquefaction that met the gradation criteria. The soil was separated through the #8 sieve and retained #100. The modeling technique is carried out with several variables such as the ratio of groundwater level (Hw/Hs) of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90%, relative density (Dr) 30%-40% and 40%-50%, and at different peak accelerations of 0.3g and 0.4g. The modeling test uses a sieve shaker for earthquake vibrations.. The results of the study show that the difference in groundwater level affects the subsidence of liquefied soil where the settlement will be accure greater in the ratio of the groundwater level (Hw/Hs) and the peak acceleration is greater and vice versa, the difference in relative density (Dr) also affects the magnitude of the the settlement where the lower the Dr value for Hw/Hs and the greater the peak acceleration, the greater the settlement will be occure.

Metabolic syndrome is still a major problem in developing countries and it has an association with high blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile abnormalities, which can cause cardiovascular disease. This indicates that it is important to provide adequate treatment, but patient compliance has effects on the outcome. Improving patients’ compliance to treatment can provide a better control of the condition. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between medication compliance and the therapeutic outcome of metabolic syndrome. This observational analytic study was conducted using a retrospective cohort design for one year of observation, namely April 2020-March 2021. The influence of patient compliance with therapy outcomes in terms of blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile was assessed using the medication possession ratio method. This study was carried out by examining patients’ medical records from the Bethesda Lempuyangwangi Hospital as parameters for compliance, while the outcome parameters were assessed by experts. The data obtained were analyzed using Anova (homogeneous data) or Kruskal-Wallis (not homogeneous data) to determine the differences in the compliance based on patients’ characteristics. The relationship of adherence to therapeutic outcomes was analyzed using logistic bivariate. From 174 patients’ data that was observed, only 151 had a blood test. The average systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HbA1c levels were above the standard threshold. The three levels of compliance had no significant relationship with blood pressure, HbA1c, and lipid profiles (p>0.05). The adjusted data for age and gender on adherence showed patients with low compliance, and they have a 2.08 times risk of having high triglyceride levels compared to others (p

Background Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a common cancer in Asia. In many developing countries, most cases are in advanced stages, compromising the outcome of treatment. The complexity of NPC management for advanced-stage NPC requires thorough communication and shared clinical decisions between medical professionals and allied teams. Incorporating a multidisciplinary team meeting (MDTM) for newly diagnosed NPC patients was chosen to facilitate clinical collaboration and communication between physicians. This recent study aimed to compare quality of care, clinical responses and survival between NPC patients treated inside and outside of MDTM care. Methods This was a retrospective study comparing NPC patients treated under the MDTM with NPC patients managed outsidethe MDTM. Clinical responses, assessment visits, date of progression and date of death were collected. Data were analyzed with X2 for discrete variables and t tests for continuous variables. Kaplan‒Meier survival curves with log-rank tests were used to describe the difference in survival estimation between the groups. Cox regression hazard models were calculated to predict the hazard risk for progression and survival. Significance was determined as p < 0.05. Results There were 87 patients treated under MDTM and 178 patients treated outside MDTM. Histology type of WHO type 3 was predominant. Stages IVA and B accounted for more than 60% of patients. Revision of diagnosis during MDTM accounted for 5.7%, and revision of stage occurred in 52.9%of cases. More clinical responses were achieved by patients treated under MDTM than by patients outside MDTM (69.0% vs. 32.0%, p < 0.00). The median progression-free survival of NPC patients under MDTM was 59.89 months compared with 12.68 months outside MDTM (log rank p < 0.00). Overall survival was longer in patients treated under MDTM compared with patients outside MDT (not reached vs. 13.44 months; p < 0.00). NPC patients who received treatment recommendations from the MDTM had a lower risk for progression (HR 0.267, 95% CI 0.17-0.40, p < 0.00) and mortality (HR 0.134; 95% CI 0.08 -0.24, p < 0.00). Conclusion Incorporating the MDTM approach into NPC management improves the clinical response and survival of patients.

Environmental education aims to create people who have good environmental literacy. This study tries to explain previous studies related to how the level of students’ literacy and stakeholders’ literacy in green open space affects students' environmental literacy. This is descriptive research conducted in SMPN 2 Suayan. The purposes of this study are 1) to identify the environmental literacy of the students and the school community in the green open space 2) to identify the difference between students’ environmental literacy and school community in green open space. The sample consists of 70 students and 40 people from the school community. Measurement of environmental literacy is discussed in 3 domains, namely the domain of knowledge, attitudes towards the environment, and behavior towards the environment. The total number of instruments is 45 items. The reliability value of instruments for knowledge, attitude, and behavior domains are 0.874, 0.927, and 0.965, respectively, and are the high category. Collected data of students and school community were analyzed by using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. The difference in environmental literacy of students and school community in green open space was analyzed by using Mann-Whitney U Test. The environmental literacy value of students and school community are respectively 77.1% and 79.7% and are high category. The analysis on the achievement of environmental literacy scores shows that there are no significant differences in both groups. This concludes that the school community that has good environmental literacy will give a good influence on students’ environmental literacy and knowledge. The last, by knowing the roles of the school community and availability of green open space on achieving environmental literacy of students, all related stakeholders are suggested to upgrade the environmental literacy of the school community and support the availability of green open space in the school area.

Telah dilakukan penelitian menggunakan metode magnetotelurik (MT) pada 40 titik lokasi pengukuran di sekitar Cekungan Kutai, Kalimantan Timur. Studi ini bermaksud untuk mengkarakterisasi keberadaan batuan induk untuk potensi gas serpih berdasarkan nilai tahanan jenis. Guna memperoleh gambaran kondisi geologi bawah permukaan yang baik, pengolahan data secara objektif dilakukan agar memperoleh kualitas data MT terbaik. Beberapa teknik pengolahan data seperti robust processing dan seleksi cross power (XPR) diaplikasikan untuk memisahkan komponen data dari gangguan sehingga memperoleh gambaran bawah permukaan yang dapat dipercaya dari kedalaman yang relatif dangkal hingga sangat dalam melalui tahap pemodelan inversi 2-D. Model inversi terdiri dari 3 penampang vertikal, yaitu penampang A-B, C-D dan E-F dengan arah relatif barat – timur yang memotong Antiklinorium Samarinda dengan panjang lintasan berturut-turut ±50 km, ±48 km dan ±32 km. Berdasarkan ketiga penampang vertikal tersebut, informasi sebaran anomali tahanan jenis rendah regional berhasil dipetakan yang selanjutnya ditafsirkan sebagai respon keberadaan batuan induk gas serpih di bawah permukaan. Pada penampang A-B, bagian atas lapisan konduktif ini diperoleh pada kedalaman yang bervariasi pada rentang kedalaman 1000-5000 m di bawah permukaan. Sementara itu, lapisan konduktif pada penampang C-D diperoleh pada kedalaman yang bervariasi dengan rentang 1500-7000 m di bawah permukaan, sedangkan anomali serupa pada penampang E-F diperoleh pada sekitar kedalaman 2000-3000 m. Variasi kedalaman lapisan konduktif ini ditafsirkan akibat adanya struktur geologi berupa patahan dan lipatan di sepanjang ketiga penampang vertikal yang tercermin dari adanya Antiklinorium Samarinda di permukaan.Katakunci: Cekungan Kutai, gas serpih, magnetotelurik, tahanan jenis.

1. Overview of 2nd International Conference on Science in Engineering and Technology - 22nd Sustainable Environment and Architecture (ICoSiET SENVAR 2022) The covid-19 pandemic caused a great shock to people around the world, for it caused a massive scale lockdown in the 21st century. It took millions of lives, affected people’s health [1], and created enormous disruption in education systems in more than 200 countries [2]. Furthermore, Covid-19 also account for unprecedented damage to the global economy[3][4], separating people from their loved ones and friends and transforming our built environment in fear of infection[5]. The use of spaces in our living environment then changes dramatically. The lesson should be drawn from this pandemic, for it can never be predicted when the next one will arrive [6]. A future design of the built environment shall be arranged comprehensively. Not only do we have to consider the socio-economic and sustainable living environment, but also how to create a resilient and healthy built environment. Thus, the impact of the pandemic can be minimised through planning, design, structural, physical and technological means. On the other hand, the pandemic introduces a hybrid life to us where a virtual world has become a necessity. Tantalising global challenges in our degradation environment with energy and natural resources depletion force us to have an energy-conscious awareness while providing a safe, healthy, smart and sustainable living environment. The design of the built environment thus should elaborate the virtual world and reality, which involves advanced and robust information and technology not only for the present situation but also for visionary looking to future needs. Therefore, we promote “the Green-Smart Design and Technology for the Present and the Future Built Environment” as the theme for the 2nd International Conference on Science in Engineering and Technology – 22nd Sustainable Environment and Architecture (ICoSiET SENVAR 2022). The ICoSiET SENVAR 2022 is a joint conference to bridge the role of architecture, engineering, and multi-disciplinary field stakeholders in sharing their precious ideas, theories, concepts, designs, research and experiences in creating a better world for all. This conference is hosted by the Architecture Department of Engineering Faculty, Tadulako University. ICoSiET was first organised in 2020 in Palu, Indonesia and then became a biannual conference to provide an academic forum, especially in engineering. Meanwhile, SENVAR is an annual gathering for scientists, scholars, and architects focusing on discussions related to the natural and built environment, such as building design and architecture, outdoor and indoor comfort, local and global green, urban planning and sustainability. SENVAR was first initiated and started by the late Professor Mas Santosa from the Department of Architecture, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) in 2000 as a seminar on environmental architecture; in 2011, it changed the name to Sustainable Environment and Architecture [7]. This year we have the privilege to host ICoSiET and SENVAR and combine them into ICoSiET SENVAR 2022, putting two communities in one frame to be blended in the most recent issue of the smart and sustainable built environment.

An earthquake measuring 7.4 MW in Central Sulawesi on 28th of September 2018, triggered liquefaction in several locations, one of them namely the BPTP office in Sigi district. The liquefaction that occurs causes massive sand boiling around the building, and a settlement in the foundation. This study aims to determine and compare the properties of land affected and not affected by liquefaction based on the Swedish weight sounding test, as well as the potential for liquefaction at the BPTP office location. The study consisted of 2 testing methods, namely field testing was carried out using the Swedish weight sounding test equipment at 3 points on the affected soil and 3 points on the unaffected soil, and laboratory testing including sieve analysis testing and Atterberg limits for 18 soil samples. The results showed that the Nsw value on the affected soil is in the range 4.00 n/m - 238.10 n/m, the Nsw value on the unaffected soil is in the range 26.00 n/m - 303.03 n/m, and groundwater level data obtained from the JICA Survey for Disaster Information Collection in Indonesia 2020 is at a depth of 5.31 meters below ground surface. The first section in your paper

Mesoporous gamma-alumina (MGA) was synthesized for neutron-activated

Curculigo latifolia is a local plant from the Amaryllidaceae tribe, which the community in empirical medicine has widely used. This study aims to determine the bioactivity of C. latifolia extract as a sunscreen carried out in vitro to obtain scientific data to be developed as a raw sunscreen material. The dried simplicia powder from the roots, stems, and leaves of C. latifolia was extracted by graded maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol (70% v/v) to obtain an extract. Each extract from plant parts was observed for the sunscreen profile in absorbing UVA (320-400 nm) and UVB (290-320 nm) rays with a UV spectrophotometer. Each extract was tested for UV protection with several test parameters, i.e., the percentage of erythema, pigmentation transmission, and sun protective factor (SPF). The results of sunscreen profiles in absorbing UVB and UVA showed that hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts in roots, stems, and leaves could absorb UVB, and some of the extracts absorb UVA. Leaf hexane extract (LH) gave the highest UVB and UVA absorption of 1.192 and 1.804, respectively, compared to other extracts. The extract showed the ability to protect against erythema and pigmentation with the categories of fast tanning (root ethanol, stem ethanol, stem hexane, and root hexane extract), total block (root, stem, and leaf ethyl acetate extract), and regular suntan (leaf hexane extract). The results of SPF parameters showed that leaf hexane extract (LH), root ethyl acetate (REA), stem ethyl acetate (SEA), and leaf ethyl acetate (LEA) at a concentration of 250 ppm gave an ultra-protective effect with an SPF value of 23.65, 16.5, 22.5 and 23.03 respectively. The test results show that the extract of C. latifolia has the potential as a sunscreen with ultra-protection against UVA and UVB rays.

Raimanuk and its surroundings are a potential agricultural area in Indonesia. Sufficient groundwater in this area was a significant factor for supporting agricultural activities and household needs. Therefore, identifying the aquifer connectivity is essential to determine the groundwater utilization pattern in this area. This research aims to determine the aquifer connectivity based on stable isotopes and hydrochemical from the groundwater and the meteoric water (rainwater). The groundwater samples were taken from ten deep wells, six dug wells, and four springs. While the meteoric water samples were taken from four rainfed locations, samples were analyzed using Los Gatos Research DLT-100, Ion Chromatography Metrohm 830IC, and acid-base titration. The result shows there are four groups of groundwater. Group I is the springs that come from local meteoric water. Group II consists of the dug wells that evaporated and showed a relationship to the meteoric water that falls in higher elevations. Group III was the drilled well groundwater from the local flow system. Furthermore, Group IV is the drilled well groundwater with a more enriched δ18O isotope ratio due to water-rock interaction. Even though they are in a different group, there is a hydraulic connection between Group III and IV.

A discrepancy in the asymmetry dependence of spectroscopic factors extracted with different reaction probes calls into question whether the corresponding reaction models are properly understood. In this work, we present extracted spectroscopic factors from the Ar 46 , 34 ( p , d ) Ar 45 , 33 transfer reactions in inverse kinematics at a beam energy of 70 MeV/nucleon. The results are consistent with previous measurements of these reactions at a lower beam energy [Lee et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 112701 (2010)], indicating that the transfer reaction is a reliable probe for the nuclear structure of exotic nuclei across a wide energy range. Results from a large body of transfer reaction measurements, ( p , p N ) measurements, and theoretical nuclear structure studies make a compelling case for much weaker asymmetry dependence than what is observed with single-nucleon knockout reactions on beryllium or carbon targets.

The Banyumas Basin is a tertiary sedimentary basin located in southern Central Java, Indonesia. Due to the presence of volcanic deposits, 2-D seismic reflection methods cannot provide a good estimation of the sediment thickness and the subsurface geology structure in this area. In this study, the passive seismic tomography (PST) method was applied to image the 3-D subsurface Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs ratio. We used 70 seismograph borehole stations with a recording duration of 177 days. A total of 354 events with 9, 370 P and 9, 368 S phases were used as input for tomographic inversion. The checkshot data of a 4, 400-meter deep exploration well (Jati-1) located within the seismic network were used to constrain the shallow crustal layer of the initial 1-D velocity model. The model resolution of the tomographic inversions was assessed using the checkerboard resolution test (CRT), the diagonal resolution element (DRE), and the derivative weight sum (DWS). Using the obtained Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs ratio, we were able to sharpen details of the geological structures within the basin from previous geological studies, and a fault could be well-imaged at a depth of 4 km. We interpreted this as the main dextral strike-slip fault that controls the pull apart process of the Banyumas Basin. The thickness of the sediment layers, as well as its layering, were also could be well determined. We found prominent features of the velocity contrast that aligned very well with the boundary between the Halang and Rambatan formations as observed in the Jati-1 well data. Furthermore, an anticline structure, which is a potential structural trap for the petroleum system in the Banyumas Basin, was also well imaged. This was made possible due to the dense borehole seismographic stations which were deployed in the study area.

Talegong road, Garut, West Java, is provincial road with a length of 7 kilometers that connects Garut and Bandung. The road segment KM 2.3 – KM 7 is located between the steep slope of high hills and has potential for landslide. To find out the landslide potential, determining the characteristics of geology and engineering geology at this road segment are needed. The methods used in this research are engineering geology mapping (geomorphology, lithology, structural geology and rock mass quality) and laboratory analyses of soil and rock properties index, shear strength test, petrographic analysis and uniaxial compressive strength test. The results of geological mapping show the aspect geomorphological in the area consists of high hills with rather steep to very steep slopes. Lithological, the area consists of aphanitic andesite and porphyritic andesite. The area is dominated by Northeast – Southeast stress regime. In term of rock mass quality, the study area consists of three class with value in Rock Mass Rating classification, which are good rock, fair rock, poor rock and no value rock (soil). The study area is divided into three units in the engineering geological map: (1) unit A has fair – good rock (II – III) with rather steep - very steep slope with low landslide potential, (2) unit B has fair rock (III) with steep – very steep slope with medium landslide potential, and (3) unit C has poor – no value rock or soil (IV – 0) with a very steep slope with high landslide potential.

Plasma jet is one of the methods for surface material modification that is economically and environmentally friendly. This method can be applied in ambient pressure that makes this method more feasible. The discharge of plasma from the plasma jet can be adjusted according to the design used. Carrier gas that is used in the plasma jet system can also be adapted to the needs or appropriate to the target material. The gases that can be used are helium, argon, etc. A variant gas flow rate will also affect the plasma species and the surface material characteristics produced. Modifying a material with certain compounds can be done by passing the active gases or vapors through the carrier gas. The use of the plasma jet method possibly converts the surface material to be hydrophobic or hydrophilic characteristics. Moreover, the plasma jet technique is applicable for various materials or substrates in any dimension. This review article will discuss the parameters applied, such as various designs, carrier gas, gas flow rates, power used in the plasma jet.

Iodinated contrast agent is frequently used in computed tomography (CT) imaging to enhance organ contrast enhancement and improve diagnostic sensitivity. Despite this importance, there currently is a lack of standardization in contrast administration protocol across institutions, leading to many safety and clinical diagnostic risks. To solve this, we built three liver contrast enhancement/perfusion models: two using simple linear regression and another by combining a pre-existing pharmacokinetics mathematical model with clinical data with the eventual goal of individualizing contrast administration protocol to optimize contrast-enhanced CT imaging for each patient. These models primarily use patient attributes, such as height, weight, sex, age and contrast administration information, and bolus tracking information to make such predictions. 418 Chest/Abdomen/Pelvis CT scans were used in this study. 75% of cases were used to train these models and the rest were used to test the prediction accuracy. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was used to find the correlations between the patient attributes and contrast enhancement in liver parenchyma. Weight, height, BMI, and lean body mass were found to be statistically significant predictors for contrast enhancement (P

This research is related to the preparation and initial characterization of gadolinium nanoparticles as a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agent. Nanomaterial-based contrast agents aim to improve clearer imaging, longer examination retention times with lower toxicity than gadolinium ion-based contrast agents, and evaluate the potential use of MRI contrast agents for early detection of cancer. Gadolinium nanoparticles were synthesized using polyol method with stabilizer and chemical reaction process at high temperature. The stabilizers used are diethylene glycol (DEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG). The reaction process was carried out at 180°C for 4 hours to obtain gadolinium nanoparticles with uniform size and shape. The results of hydrodynamic and visual measurements using DLS and HRTEM instruments on the gadolinium nanoparticles produced were 50 nm and 18 nm, respectively. The results of the characterization of the crystal structure obtained the X-ray diffraction pattern in the crystal plane (222), which is a typical for the Gd2O3 crystal phase. Characterization of chemical bonds using FTIR showed absorption at 1438-1627 cm−1, 1000-1138 cm−1 and 450-795 cm−1 indicated the presence of Gd-O bond vibrations, while absorption at 1310-1466 cm−1 indicated the presence of Gd-O-Gd bonds. This is evidenced by the similarity with the absorption peak of commercial Gd2O3. The content of free Gd3+ ions found in the synthesized products detected was only about 0.99% of the Gd3+ precursors used.

Liquefaction process is associated with the loss of the shear strength of the saturated loose sands caused by strong earthquakes. Due to mitigitation of liquefaction hazard, an appropriate mitigation of liquefaction using environmentally friendly methods is critical and becoming increasingly important and unavoidable. The laboratory investigation was carried out to study the shear strength behaviour of liquefiable sand of Petobo treated by agarose on different concentration 1%,3% 5%. A series of direct shear test were conducted under three level of vertical stress 10 kPa, 20 kPa, and 30 kPa on the specimen. It was found that the optimum content of agarose which can be considered is at 1%-3%, using stress ratio (τ/σv) analysis shows that stress ratio decreases with increasing the vertical stress on the same agar content. The implication this result that the application of this method must consider variation of material source and characteristic, and the suitable level of vertical stresses.

There are several areas with groundwater potential in Timor island, one of which is the Raimanuk and its surrounding area. This study aims to determine the hydrogeological system in the Raimanuk and its surrounding area. The hydrogeological system is determined by the geological conditions, geomorphology, lithology, and groundwater flow patterns. Geological conditions and groundwater flow patterns are provided by conducting a field investigation. Twenty shallow wells and four springs were measured to provide the groundwater contour. The geoelectrical survey was conducted at eleven points to analyze subsurface lithology. The results show that the geology of the study area is dominated by alluvium (west area), carbonate siltstone, and crystalline limestone (middle to the east area). There are two types of aquifers in the study area: unconfined aquifers and confined aquifers with gravel sandstone lithology. The groundwater flow pattern shows that the groundwater movement is from the east to the southwest. Moreover, the groundwater also moved from the northern, southern, and western of the study area. It is implied that the aquifer’s shape at the Raimanuk area is formed as a bowl-like shape influenced by the geological, geomorphological conditions.

This study conducted an extensive soil investigation in the Sibalaya liquefaction area to identify the Gumbasa main canal’s damage triggered by flow liquefaction. Several field tests and trenches with approximately 4 m were excavated to observe liquefied soil layers directly near the canal. A borehole, standard penetration test, and multichannel analysis surface waves (MASW) were performed beside the trench to obtain each layer’s penetration resistance. This research aims to understand the landslide’s whole aspect. The ground movements were analyzed by using satellite photos before and after the earthquake. The displacement of the main canal, the typical damage inventory, and the proposed reconstruction of the main canal are the focus of this study. As a result of the forensic investigation, the liquefied layers and debris flow contributing to the massive landslide were identified to impact the primary canal. The typical damage of the canal was due to surface rupture that occurred both horizontally and vertically. A solution for reconstructing the main canal is to use a flexible pipe canal structure. That will be resilient to future earthquake and ground movements, stabilize the ground downslope of the existing canal to limit the risk of future lateral movement in future earth tremors.

Kandungan senyawa flavonoid dalam limbah kulit nanas memiliki prospek positif sebagai antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas antimikroba ekstrak kulit nanas basah (KNB) dan ekstrak kulit nanas kering (KNK) dan mengetahui jenis senyawa flavonoid yang berperan sebagai antimikroba terhadap S. aureus dan E. coli. Flavonoid diisolasi menggunakan metode Domestic Microwave Maceration Extraction (DMME) dan partisi. Aktivitas antimikroba diuji menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ekstrak etil asetat KNB maupun ekstrak etil asetat KNK berpotensi sebagai antimikroba, namun ekstrak etil asetat KNB lebih efektif menghambat bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli dengan diameter daerah hambat (DDH) berturut-turut 13 mm dan 15 mm dibanding ekstrak etil asetat KNK dengan nilai DDH berturut-turut 12 dan 14,25 mm. Senyawa flavonoid dalam kulit nanas yang berperan sebagai antimikroba diduga merupakan golongan flavanon (KNB) dan dihidroflavonol (KNK).Flavonoid compound in pineapple peel waste have positive prospects for antimicrobial. This study aims at understanding effectiveness of wet pineapple peel extract and dried pineapple peel extract antimicrobial and to know the type of flavonoid compound which act as antimicrobial against S.aureus and E.coli. Flavonoid was isolated using Domestic Microwave Maceration Extraction (DMME) and partitions. Antimicrobial activity was tested using pitting diffusion method. Based on the research result, wet pineapple peel extract and dried pineapple peel extract are potential to be antimicrobial. However wet pineapple peel extract is more effective to inhibit bacteria S.aureus and E.coli with Inhibitory Regional Diameter respectively 13 mm and 15 mm compared to dried pineapple peel extract with Inhibitory Regional Diameter respectively 12 and 14,25 mm. Flavonoid compound in pineapple peel that acts as an antimicrobial is thought to be flavanones (wet pineapple peel) and dihydroflavonol (dried pineapple peel).

Previous studies have shown that many factors including body habitus, sex, and age of the patient, as well as contrast injection protocol contribute to the variability in contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging (i.e., CT). We have previously developed a compartmentalized differential-equation physiology-based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model incorporated into computational human models (XCAT) to estimate contrast concentration and CT number (HU) enhancement of organs over time. While input to the PBPK model requires certain attributes (height, weight, age, and sex), this still results in a generic prediction as it only cohorts patients into 4 groups. In addition, it does not account for scanning parameters which influence the quality of the image. The PBPK model also requires an estimate of patient’s major organ volumes, not readily-available before a scan, which limits its potential application in prospective personalization of contrast-enhanced protocols. To address these limitations, this study used a machine learning approach to prospectively model contrast dynamics for an organ of interest (liver), given the patient attributes, contrast administration, and imaging parameters. To evaluate its accuracy, we compared the proposed model against the PBPK model. A library of 170 clinical images, with their corresponding patient attributes and contrast and imaging protocols, was used to build the network. The developed network used 70% of the cases for training and validation and the rest for testing. The results indicated a more accurate predictive performance (higher R2), as compared to the PBPK model, in estimating hepatic HU values using patient attributes, scanning parameters, and contrast administration.

Divorce is a common phenomenon that occurs in society. The divorce rate in various regions in Indonesia has been quite high in the last 10 years. The phenomenon of divorce is interesting when viewed from its spatial distribution. This study aim to analysis the divorce rate and determine the hotspots distribution of divorce in the Greater Solo Region. This research uses quantitative research methods with secondary data as the main data which is analysed descriptively. In the study of geography, it is necessary to support statistical analysis, especially with regard to spatial correlation studies. Determination of divorce hotspots is carried out with the support of spatial analysis utilizing the hotspot (Getis-Ord Gi *) spatial analysis of the Geographic Information System. The results of processing the distribution of divorce hotspots in Greater Solo Region in 2019 show clustering, namely in the city of Surakarta and its surroundings which are urban areas. This study indicates that there is a correlation between the divorce rate and urban area.

Daerah Kendal merupakan salah satu kawasan strategis nasional yang akan dikembangkan. Secara geologi bagian utara daerah ini tersusun oleh aluvium yang merupakan sedimen lunak dan dapat menyumbang resiko penguatan gelombang gempabumi. Kajian karakteristik geologi permukaan telah dilakukan di daerah ini dengan menggunakan kombinasi metode mikrotremor stasiun tunggal dan bersusun. Data mikrotremor bersusun yang dilakukan di 10 lokasi di daerah Kendal digunakan untuk sounding kecepatan gelombang geser secara 1D. Dalam penelitian ini pemodelan kondisi bawah permukaan didekati dengan model sederhana dua lapis dengan mempertimbangkan kontras kecepatan gelombang geser terbesar. Adapun data mikrotremor stasiun tunggal dilakukan di 208 lokasi, digunakan untuk memetakan ketebalan lapisan sedimen permukaan. Kecepatan gelombang geser lapisan sedimen permukaan di daerah ini berkisar antara 80-180 m/detik yang mencerminkan batuan sangat lunak. Batuan yang mengalasi sedimen permukaan mempunyai kecepatan gelombang geser antara 280-433 m/detik yang diduga masih merupakan fasies aluvium yang lebih tua. Hasil perhitungan nilai penguatan gelombang oleh lapisan sedimen permukaan diperoleh nilai 1,1 – 1,87 dengan zona berpenguatan gelombang tinggi menempati daerah sekitar pantai dan pinggiran sungai besar. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk bahan pertimbangan dalam penataan ruang wilayah yang akan dikembangkan.Katakunci : mikrotremor stasiun bersusun, mikrotremor stasiun tunggal, kecepatan gelombang geser, penguatan gelombang, tataruang wilayah.

The possibility of a power plant trip can disrupt the stability of the network frequency settings. Load shedding is done at the frequency level. In case of frequency under nominal setting, the load shedding or trip generator decision must pay attention to the generator equipment factor, especially the last stage turbine blade and lacing wire. In this study analysis modal using ANSYS 2019 R2 was carried out to determine natural frequency of the last stage blade LP (low pressure) Steam Turbine Tanjung Awar Awar Indonesia power plant when operating at low frequencies, which is below the nominal operating frequency of 50 HZ or at a rotation of 3000 rpm. The finite element method analysis is applied to the 1 blade and 5 blade systems. The result for a natural frequency of 1 blade system occurs at 2639.6, 2783 and 2915 rpm. For the 5 blades system, natural frequency occurs at 2648 and 2563 rpm, so it can be concluded that the setting under frequency is not in the range of natural frequency last stage LP turbine blade, and lacing wire damage is not triggered by the natural frequency steam turbine blade.

The existence of regional languages shows an identity of the existence of a tribe. Indonesia has many regional languages, one of which is Balinese with Balinese script as input for the script which comes from Sanskrit. Reading Balinese script requires knowledge of Balinese script and Balinese culture in order to be able to correctly pronounce the written Balinese script. Since learning Balinese script took a long learning process, it certainly causes a slowdown in knowledge about how to read the Balinese script. Therefore, it is necessary to have a system that can translate Balinese script into a speech so that it can be used in learning the Balinese script without any mistakes in pronouncing vowels. This research designed a system synthesis of Balinese script into a speech with the system synthesis method of Noto Serif Balinese Font which consists of three processes namely text pre-processing, prosody generation, and concatenation. Concatenation or combining speech will use the Pitch Synchronous Overlap Add Method (PSOLA). The result to be achieved in this research is to be able to decompose the Unicode from the Noto Serif Balinese font into a sentence which then this sentence will become a message. In the future, this research can use input from an image to directly enter into speech. Making it easier for users to translate the Balinese script.

Flutter phenomena becomes significant in response with turbomachinery design trends that prioritize efficiency. Especially in later stages of steam turbines, the slender profile of the blade becomes more prone to unstable dynamic aeroelasticity. Predicting the potential of flutter on a turbine blade can be done by constructing aeroelastic stability curve with evaluation of aerodynamic damping value under different rotor blade position, relative to the stator blade (inter blade phase angle). In this study, combination of steady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), structural Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and transient blade row CFD was carried out using ANSYS 2019 R2 with the end goal of constructing aeroelastic stability curve and analysing the flutter risk of a 350 MW last stage steam turbine blade. At inter blade phase angle position of -180°, -70°, 0°, 77° and 180°, the system are exhibits positive aerodynamic damping values which indicates low to none flutter potential.

The present paper studies a root cause of failure analysis of lacing wire used in the last stage blade of low pressure (LP) steam turbine. The lacing wire is made of Stainless Steel Grade 17-4 PH with a diameter of 1.4 mm. The failure occurred after the unit had been operated for 4 years. The fault occurred several times during the operation periods. The failure location is near the tack weld which has functions as a stopper between the lacing wire and the stub. Macro fractography, light optical microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to examine the fracture surface and microstructure closed to the failures. The cyclic stress was evaluate using harmonic analysis simulation using FEA (finite element analysis) Ansys 2019 R2. The benchmark that is indication of fatigue failure was clearly visible. It is concluded that the failure mechanism is fatigue failure with crack initiation. Improper maintenance procedures especially welding procedures trigger an initial crack and then the initial crack gets a concentrated cyclic load causing lacing wire broken.

Based on the observations, interviews and preliminary analysis conducted in several schools, it showed that the learning devices used so far have not been linked to the culture around the students. Besides, the students’ learning outcomes were also still low. This was caused by (1) the learning resources that were still general in nature and not yet associated with the students' daily lives, (2) the student worksheet (LKPD) used so far did not contain sufficient activities for learning mathematics, (3) the LKPD contained problems that were difficult for the students to imagine, and (4) the activities in the lesson plan did not show the activities that lead the students to be active and can find their own mathematical concepts. Based on these problems, the researcher developed the Rumah Gadang ethnomathemic-based geometrical learning devices in form of lesson plan (RPP) and LKPD. This study was a research and development conducted with the Plomp development model. The result of the study show that RPP and LKP was valid and practical.

Clove plucking techniques can be done by climbing stairs and trees. Harvesting by climbing trees should not be done, Can be used ladder or pole made of bamboo while paying attention to the position of the ladder on the clove tree to avoid breaking the branching clove and not damage the surrounding leaves at the time of picking, researchers also saw cloves when they were out of reach of the hands then the clove farmers just throw it away clove should be able to be useful and increase income. Researchers tried to make a simple clove harvester design tool with the aim to facilitate the clove picking process. The results of this tool can be used on a tree height of 4 meters that can be used directly without using a ladder and can be used as a clove picker that is not reached by the hands of farmers so it is not wasted..

This study evaluates the potential industrial working environment of the Pempek & Kemplang Palembang. Observation of the work environment found a lot of un-ergonomics impact that has not optimal productivity and exceeds the threshold value of aspects of human health. In order to optimize productivity, the production line is required to work quickly in an ECSHE (Effective, Comfortable, Safety, Health, Efficient) ergonomics for workers. Evaluate the work environment by implementing Ergonomics Checkpoints to see whether the working environment has been running well or not. Ergonomics Checkpoints used in this study include material handling aspects, safety, workstation design, lighting, development of human resources and sources of danger contribute to the value of most incompatibility which becomes the top priority in determining suggestions for improvement. While the Total Ergonomics intervention study includes; work posture, un-ergonomics design tools, un-physiological work, classification of subjectivity level of musculoskeletal system is 55-76 (high risk), classification of subjectivity level of fatigue is 66-79 (high category), physical workload at workload level is 125-150 bpm (weight category), and the %CVL category is 78-85% (rather heavy). To be more holistic the 5S method and participatory training in human resources are also used as a method of evaluating the work environment in this industry.

In this study, the optimal condition of lignin purification from bioethanol production waste based on palm oil empty fruit bunch has been conducted. Purification of Lignin through two steps are impurities precipitation in pH 7 and lignin purification in pH 2 simultaneously with variation temperature. The concentration of lignin determines by spectrophotometer UV-Vis and thermal analysis to determine the ratio of lignin content and residual content. It was found that in lignin purification step, the lowest lignin concentration is at temperature 30°C with the concentration of lignin is 8.388% and the highest residual content is at temperature 60°C with % residual combustion is 26.652%. The optimal temperature at pH 2 for lignin purification is 50 °C with a lignin concentration is 73.854% and the residual combustion is 27.956%.

Goatfish is one of the most dominant demersal-fish species currently caught by local fishermen in North-Coast of East Java and Madura using modified Danish-Seine. This research aimed to investigate species diversity goatfish and spawning potential ratio (SPR) of most representative species, U. suphureus. Identification was completed through morphometric and meristic investigation. A total of 2,550 fish were sub-sampled from catches for length-frequency analysis, length at first maturity (Lm), length-weight relationship and SPR. The results showed that there were five species within catches, being: U. sulphureus, U. moluccensis, U. tragula, U. sundaicus, and P. heptacanthus. Length-weight followed cubic formula with Wt = 0.0159 * Lt3.124 (p< 0.05; r2 = 0.92). Female length-at-first mature was reached at 11.67 cm Fork-Length, with total female biomass in the sample 6.5 kg. Total biomass was 93.1 kg, hence the SPR was < 7%. The minimum value of SPR while maintaining stock at good parent stock was >20%. From these results, it was very clear that demersal fishery in North-Coast of East Java, represented by U. sulphureus is unsustainable. Management measure, either size or effort limitation should be implemented, otherwise, the stock will soon collapse.

In the robotic field of study, localization is one of the important methods for autonomous mobile robot navigation. Probabilistic approaches have received significant attention in the robotics community. The discrete Bayes and Kalman filters are the fundamental algorithms in probabilistic approach which have to be clearly understood in order to develop more advanced filtering algorithms. This paper discusses discrete Bayes and Kalman filtering algorithms. The mathematical representation of each filter algorithm, in the 1-dimensional case, presented in detail. The algorithms were implemented using python to simulate the probability of the robot position. The algorithm’s complexity was analysed with respect to the computational cost and size of memory used. From this study, it has been observed that the Kalman filter is computationally more efficient, and less memory is required.

Greenhouse is currently used is urban farming. Smart greenhouse technology allows farmers to monitor their plants easily. This system requires much electrical energy supply. In order to save energy, additional electricity supply is needed. For this reason, photovoltaic is installed on the roof of the greenhouse. The obstacle in the installation of photovoltaic cells is that the power produced is not optimal, due to the movement of the sun’s position. For this reason, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology is used. In this paper, fuzzy logic was used for MPPT based on I and V from PV. The aim is to find the maximum operating point of a photovoltaic module so that it can increase the output power ratio of photovoltaic modules in varying temperatures and radiation levels. Simulation is done using MATLAB, so that a ratio of output power ratios is generated with and without using an MPPT. By using the fuzzy MPPT controller, it produces optimum power, at P PV max = 250 W, P out max = 160 W, P PV max = 174.8 W, P out max = 125 W, P PV max = 98.97 W, P out max = 75 W. This power will be used to supply electricity for 2 15 W lamps, 12 volts for the mini greenhouse.

In this work, two particular properties of the position-sensitive, thick silicon detectors (known as the "E" detectors) in the High Resolution Array (HiRA) are investigated: the thickness of the dead layer on the front of the detector, and the overall thickness of the detector itself. The dead layer thickness for each E detector in HiRA is extracted using a measurement of alpha particles emitted from a $^{212}$Pb pin source placed close to the detector surface. This procedure also allows for energy calibrations of the E detectors, which are otherwise inaccessible for alpha source calibration as each one is sandwiched between two other detectors. The E detector thickness is obtained from a combination of elastically scattered protons and an energy-loss calculation method. Results from these analyses agree with values provided by the manufacturer., Comment: Accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research

In Indonesia, there are many power plants either owned by PLN or private company (non PLN) with varying electricity. The production of electricity will incur environment negative impact due to carbon footprint. As pollutant or byproduct, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has economical potential becoming a raw material or other industrial process such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR). CO 2 EOR is an effort to enhance oil recovery by injecting CO 2 at tertiary stage of oil production. CO 2 EOR can be applied in Indonesia, because there are a lot of power plants (sources) and oil companies (sinks), especially in East Java. It has possibility to transport CO 2 from power plants to oil companies through pipelines. However, it required cost of CO 2 capture, pipelines and EOR facilities. The cost depends on the amount of CO 2 demand and supply, distance and technologies. Therefore, it should be optimized due to variation in the amount of CO 2 and distance. The optimization variables are pipelines path and CO 2 captured mass flowrate. There are 7 CO 2 sources with different both capacities and locations. On the other hand, there are 7 oil companies (sinks) with different CO 2 injection demand. Optimization result shows minimum CAPEX and OPEX. The CAPEX and OPEX values of each source depend on the distance between source and sink as well as the amount of CO 2 mass flowrate. The chosen sources of captured CO 2 are source 1, 3, 4 and 7. The remaining sources are not utilized due to cost consideration.

Pion energy spectra are presented for central collisions of neutron-rich $^{132}\mathrm{Sn}+^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ and neutron-deficient $^{108}\mathrm{Sn}+^{112}\mathrm{Sn}$ systems using simulations with the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model. These calculations, which incorporate isospin-dependent mean-field potentials for relevant baryons and mesons, display a sensitivity to the pion spectra that could allow significant constraints on the density dependence of the symmetry energy and its mean-field potential at suprasaturation densities. The predicted sensitivity increases with the isospin asymmetry of the total system and decreases with incident energy.

© 2016 Elsevier B.V. There is a great interest in generating high-power hard X-ray Free Electron Laser (FEL) in the terawatt (TW) level that can enable coherent diffraction imaging of complex molecules like proteins and probe fundamental high-field physics. A feasibility study of producing such X-ray pulses was carried out employing a configuration beginning with a Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission FEL, followed by a “self-seeding” crystal monochromator generating a fully coherent seed, and finishing with a long tapered undulator where the coherent seed recombines with the electron bunch and is amplified to high power. The undulator tapering profile, the phase advance in the undulator break sections, the quadrupole focusing strength, etc. are parameters to be optimized. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is adopted for this multi-dimensional optimization. Concrete examples are given for LINAC Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and LCLS-II-type systems. Analytical estimate is also developed to cross check the simulation and optimization results as a quick and complimentary tool.