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Alanine dosemeters are widely used as solid dosemeters; however, evaluating doses in the mGy order of radiation is difficult because of their lower sensitivity for low doses. We applied the electron spin resonance dosimetry technique to investigate whether hydroxyapatite, the main component of teeth, is a suitable material for a new dosemeter to detect radiation from mGy to Gy. Commercially available synthetic hydroxyapatite possesses the essential characteristics required for a dosemeter material and has been demonstrated to accurately measure doses in the mGy to Gy range., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

We have examined a dosimetry characteristic of carbonate hydroxyapatite (CO3HAp), which is a dental bone graft material. The purpose of this work is to investigate the reproducibility and stability of radiation-induced radicals on CO3HAp samples and assess the feasibility of using these materials as dosemeters. CO3HAp samples were exposed to gamma rays with dose range from 10 to 10 000 Gy. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra for irradiated samples were measured. Variation of peak-to-peak amplitude of the ESR signal intensity as a function of absorbed dose for CO3HAp was compared with that for alanine dosemeters, suggesting that the CO3HAp sample has a good linear dose response in the range from 10 to 10 000 Gy as well as does the alanine dosemeters., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Gamma rays are the most frequently used ionizing radiation in plant mutagenesis; however, few studies are available on the characteristics of mutations at a genome-wide level. Here, we quantitatively and qualitatively characterized the mutations induced by acute/chronic gamma ray irradiation in Arabidopsis. The data were then compared with those previously obtained for carbon ion irradiation. In the acute irradiation of dry seeds at the same effective survival dose, gamma rays and carbon ions differed substantially, with the former inducing a significantly greater number of total mutation events, while the number of gene-affecting mutation events did not differ between the treatments. This may result from the gamma rays predominantly inducing single-base substitutions, while carbon ions frequently induced deletions ≥2 bp. Mutation accumulation lines prepared by chronic gamma irradiation with 100-500 mGy/h in five successive generations showed higher mutation frequencies per dose compared with acute irradiation of dry seeds. Chronic gamma ray irradiation may induce larger genetic changes compared with acute gamma ray irradiation. In addition, the transition/transversion ratio decreased as the dose rate increased, suggesting that plants responded to very low dose rates of gamma rays (∼1 mGy/h), even though the overall mutation frequency did not increase. These data will aid our understanding of the effects of radiation types and be useful in selecting suitable radiation treatments for mutagenesis., (Copyright © 2020 Hase, Satoh, Seito and Oono.)

Irradiation of ground beef and beef liver inoculated with Escherichia coli O157 466 and DT66 and Salmonella Enteritidis 3313 were performed with gamma rays from cobalt-60 at refrigerated and frozen temperatures under air- and vacuum-packaged conditions. Results showed that D 10 values for all pathogens in frozen beef liver were higher than those in frozen ground beef samples, with significant differences observed between the D 10 values of E. coli O157 466 and S. Enteritidis 3313 under air-packaged conditions, as well as in E. coli O157 DT66 and S. Enteritidis 3313 under vacuum-packaged conditions. To verify effective bacterial inactivation under high bacterial-contamination levels (10 5 -10 7  CFU/g), survival/death interfaces of E. coli O157 DT66 and S. Enteritidis 3313 inoculated in beef liver under vacuum-packaged and frozen conditions were constructed, with results suggesting that doses from 5.3 kGy to 5.5 kGy and 8.2 kGy-8.5 kGy would be sufficient to kill 10 5  CFU/g of E. coli O157 and S. Enteritidis 3313, respectively, at a 95%-99% predicted confidence interval. These results suggested that food matrixes containing high amounts of antioxidants (such as beef liver) and treated under frozen and vacuum-packaged conditions require additional consideration and evaluation for applications of irradiation treatment., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

New polymer gel dosimeters consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), triethylene glycol monoethyl ether monomethacrylate (TGMEMA), polyethylene glycol 400 dimethacrylate (9G), tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride as an antioxidant, and gellan gum as a gel matrix were prepared. They were optically analyzed by measuring absorbance to evaluate a dose response. The absorbance of the polymer gel dosimeters that were exposed to (60)Co γ-rays increased with increasing dose. The dosimeters comprising HEMA and 9G showed a linear increase in absorbance in the dose range from 0 to 10 Gy. The dose response depended on the 9G concentration. For others comprising HEMA, 9G and TGMEMA, the absorbance of the polymer gel dosimeters drastically increased above a certain dose, and then leveled off up to 10 Gy. The optical variations in these polymer gel dosimeters were also induced by x-irradiation from Cyberknife radiotherapy equipment. Furthermore, the exposed region of the latter polymer gel dosimeter exhibited a thermo-responsive behavior.

Temperature dependence of the Faraday effect is investigated for As2S3 fiber at 3.39 microm, obtaining a Verdet constant V of 1.62 x 10(-2) min/cm x G at room temperature and a temperature-dependence term coefficient of 10.67 min x K/cm x G in the experiments. The V value obtained at 25 degrees C is consistent with the theoretical estimates based on the first derivative of known refractive indices with respect to the wavelength. The temperature-dependent term is also discussed theoretically.