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The Additive Manufacturing (AM) process is applied in industrial applications. However, quality issues of the printed parts, including part distortion and cracks caused by high temperature and fast cooling, result in high residual stress. The theoretical calculation equation shows elastic behavior which is the linear behavior between strain and stress. However, in practice with the additive manufacturing process, strain and stress have nonlinear behavior. So, the prediction of the deformation of a printed part is inaccurate. The contribution of this research is the creation of an Inherent Strain (IS)-based part deformation prediction method during the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process. To have the deformation in the design stage, we developed software for calculating the IS value and predicting the deformation. The difference between the calculated results and the experimental results is still there, so, we proposed an algorithm and developed an optimization module for the system to minimize this difference. In the final optimal printing process, the parameters are derived in order for the real printing process to have the required quality of the SLM printed part.

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background/Introduction Anticoagulant therapy has been important for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it was not recommended due to its relatively higher risk of bleeding than its lower risk of stroke in patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0. Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the predictors of stroke in AF patients with very low risk of stroke. Methods Between 1990 and 2020, 542 patients with non-valvular AF (NVAF) with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 followed up for at least 6 months were enrolled. Patients whose only risk factor was female were included as a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 in this study. The primary outcome was stroke or systemic embolism. Results The mean age at AF diagnosis was 49.9 years, and 398 (73.4%) were men. During the mean follow-up of 4.7 years, the primary outcome rate was 0.78%/year (stroke, 0.70%/year; systemic embolism, 0.08%/year), and major bleeding and all-cause death occurred in 0.31%/year and 1.02%/year, respectively. The proportions of age ≥50 years at diagnosis, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) of ≥46 mm, and non-paroxysmal AF in patients with stroke or systemic embolism were significantly higher than in those without. Cox proportional hazard model, age of ≥50 years at diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] 6.710, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.811–24.860, P-value=0.004), LVEDD of ≥46 mm (HR 4.513, 95% CI 1.038–19.626, P-value=0.045), and non-paroxysmal AF (HR 5.575, 95% CI 1.621–19.175, P-value=0.006) were identified as independent predictors of stroke or systemic embolism. Patients with all three independent predictors had a higher risk of stroke or systemic embolism (4.21%/year), whereas those without did not have stroke or systemic embolism. Conclusion The annual stroke or systemic embolism rate in NVAF patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 was 0.78%/year. Age at AF diagnosis, LVEDD, and non-paroxysmal AF were independent predictors of stroke or systemic embolism in patients considered to be at very low risk of stroke.

Shock compression subjects materials to a unique regime of high quasi-hydrostatic pressure and coupled shear stresses for durations on the order of 1–10 nanoseconds for laser-driven loading of samples. There is, additionally, an attendant temperature increase due to the shock and the mechanisms of plastic deformation in metals whereby dislocations, twins, and phase transitions nucleate and propagate at velocities near the sound speed. Covalently bonded materials have, by virtue of the directionality of their bonds, great difficulty in responding by conventional plastic deformation to this extreme regime of shock compression. We propose that the shear from shock compression induces amorphization, as observed in Si, Ge, B4C, SiC, and olivine ((Mg, Fe)2SO4) and that this is a general deformation mechanism in a broad class of covalently bonded materials. The crystalline structure transforms to amorphous along regions of maximum shear stress, forming nanoscale bands, and thereby relaxing the shear component of the imposed shock stress. This process is usually preceded by the emission and propagation of a critical concentration of dislocations.

The collisionless ion-Weibel instability is a leading candidate mechanism for the formation of collisionless shocks in many astrophysical systems, where the typical distance between particle collisions is much larger than the system size. Multiple laboratory experiments aimed at studying this process utilize laser-driven (I≳10^{15} W/cm^{2}), counterstreaming plasma flows (V≲2000 km/s) to create conditions unstable to Weibel-filamentation and growth. This technique intrinsically produces temporally varying plasma conditions at the midplane of the interaction where Weibel-driven B fields are generated and studied. Experiments discussed herein demonstrate robust formation of Weibel-driven B fields under multiple plasma conditions using CH, Al, and Cu plasmas. Linear theory based on benchmarked radiation-hydrodynamic FLASH calculations is compared with Fourier analyses of proton images taken ∼5-6 linear growth times into the evolution. The new analyses presented here indicate that the low-density, high-velocity plasma-conditions present during the first linear-growth time (∼300-500 ps) sets the spectral characteristics of Weibel filaments during the entire evolution. It is shown that the dominant wavelength (∼300μm) at saturation persists well into the nonlinear phase, consistent with theory under these experimental conditions. However, estimates of B-field strength, while difficult to determine accurately due to the path-integrated nature of proton imaging, are shown to be in the ∼10-30 T range, an order of magnitude above the expected saturation limit in homogenous plamas but consistent with enhanced B fields in the midplane due to temporally varying plasma conditions in experiments.

Background Peri-appendiceal inflammation (PAI) is often found in patients with left-sided ulcerative colitis (UC) or proctitis. However, there is still no consensus on the clinical significance of PAI. This study aimed to identify the clinical significance of PAI in UC as a prognosis factor. Methods We retrospectively collected medical records and endoscopic results of patients with diagnosed left side UC or proctitis between January 2013 and December 2021. According to the presence of PAI, we divided the patients into PAI and non-PAI groups. Demographic features and clinical course of the two groups were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 107 patients (41 of left site UC, 56 of proctitis) were enrolled, of which 52 were in the PAI group and 55 were in the non-PAI group There was no difference in most of the demographic and clinical variables between the PAI and non-PAI groups. During the follow-up period of 51 months for the PAI group and 46 months for the non-PAI group, respectively, there was no difference in disease relapse rate (47.1% vs 49.1%, p=0.823), cumulative rate of disease relapse at 1, 3, and 5 years (10.7%, 26.2%, 34.8% vs 8.39%, 23.0%, 36.7%, p=0.823), rate of treatment escalation (59.6% vs 41.8%, p=0.066) and proximal disease extension (25% vs 25.5%, p=0.957) however, new occurrence of PAI during the follow-up period in the non-PAI group was associated with proximal disease extension (55.6% vs 19.6%, p=0.037) In this study, oral 5-aminosalicylate (ASA) was administered to most patients regardless of the extent of the disease. In patients with proctitis with PAI, oral 5-ASA did not affect relapse rate (37.1% vs 66.7%, p=0.550) and proximal disease extension rate (28.6% vs 33.3%, p=1.000). Conclusion PAI at diagnosis did not affect the course of the disease nor did oral 5-ASA in proctitis, however new occurrences of PAI during follow-up were associated with proximal disease extension.

Astrophysical collisionless shocks are among the most powerful particle accelerators in the Universe. Generated by violent interactions of supersonic plasma flows with the interstellar medium, supernova remnant shocks are observed to amplify magnetic fields1 and accelerate electrons and protons to highly relativistic speeds2–4. In the well-established model of diffusive shock acceleration5, relativistic particles are accelerated by repeated shock crossings. However, this requires a separate mechanism that pre-accelerates particles to enable shock crossing. This is known as the ‘injection problem’, which is particularly relevant for electrons, and remains one of the most important puzzles in shock acceleration6. In most astrophysical shocks, the details of the shock structure cannot be directly resolved, making it challenging to identify the injection mechanism. Here we report results from laser-driven plasma flow experiments, and related simulations, that probe the formation of turbulent collisionless shocks in conditions relevant to young supernova remnants. We show that electrons can be effectively accelerated in a first-order Fermi process by small-scale turbulence produced within the shock transition to relativistic non-thermal energies, helping overcome the injection problem. Our observations provide new insight into electron injection at shocks and open the way for controlled laboratory studies of the physics underlying cosmic accelerators. In laser–plasma experiments complemented by simulations, electron acceleration is observed in turbulent collisionless shocks. This work clarifies the pre-acceleration to relativistic energies required for the onset of diffusive shock acceleration.

Resume Introduction Le schwannome intralabyrinthique (SIL) est une tumeur provenant des cellules de Schwann situees dans l’oreille interne. Diverses approches chirurgicales peuvent etre utilisees pour leur ablation. L’objectif de cet article est de decrire l’observation d’un homme de 60 ans traite avec succes grâce une approche chirurgicale combinee. Cas clinique Le patient a subi une approche combinee a la fois sous microscope operatoire (labyrinthectomie transmastoidienne) et une procedure endoscopique pour l’ablation d’un SIL envahissant le vestibule et la moitie inferieure du tour basal de la cochlee. La technique chirurgicale combinee a permis une exerese complete de la lesion sans ablation de la cochlee non-affectee et du conduit auditif externe (CAE). L’exclusion de l’oreille moyenne, avec occlusion du CAE et obliteration de la cavite operatoire ont ete evitees. Aucune complication postoperatoire n’a ete observee. Discussion Une approche combinee microscopique et endoscopique permet l’exerese d’un SIL impliquant le vestibule et la moitie inferieure du tour basal de la cochlee tout en diminuant l’agressivite du geste chirurgical.

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a primary sensor for autonomous vehicles to recognize surroundings. It detects near-infrared (NIR) light pulses, typically at 905nm, which is emitted and reflected by surrounding objects. Here, the fact of the matter is that conventional black or dark-tone cars with extremely low NIR reflection are hard to be detected by LiDAR and endanger the future highway. In this work, we propose to use platelet-shaped effect pigments with visible absorption and NIR reflectivity. Copper(II) oxide and Silicon dioxide multilayer are theoretically investigated with different numbers of layers and thicknesses. The optimized structures appear various dark-tone colors with high NIR-reflectivity over 90%.

It has recently been demonstrated experimentally that a turbulent plasma created by the collision of two inhomogeneous, asymmetric, weakly magnetised laser-produced plasma jets can generate strong stochastic magnetic fields via the small-scale turbulent dynamo mechanism, provided the magnetic Reynolds number of the plasma is sufficiently large. In this paper, we compare such a plasma with one arising from two pre-magnetised plasma jets whose creation is identical save for the addition of a strong external magnetic field imposed by a pulsed magnetic field generator (`MIFEDS'). We investigate the differences between the two turbulent systems using a Thomson-scattering diagnostic, X-ray self-emission imaging and proton radiography. The Thomson-scattering spectra and X-ray images suggest that the presence of the external magnetic field has a limited effect on the plasma dynamics in the experiment. While the presence of the external magnetic field induces collimation of the flows in the colliding plasma jets and the initial strengths of the magnetic fields arising from the interaction between the colliding jets are significantly larger as a result of the external field, the energy and morphology of the stochastic magnetic fields post-amplification are indistinguishable. We conclude that, for turbulent laser-plasmas with super-critical magnetic Reynolds numbers, the dynamo-amplified magnetic fields are determined by the turbulent dynamics rather than the seed fields and modest changes in the initial flow dynamics of the plasma, a finding consistent with theoretical expectations and simulations of turbulent dynamos., 13 pages, 12 figures

The study of high-velocity particle-laden flow interactions is of importance for the understanding of a wide range of natural phenomena, ranging from planetary formation to cloud interactions. Experimental observations of particle dynamics are sparse given the difficulty of generating high-velocity flows of many particles. Ejecta microjets are micron-scale jets formed by strong shocks interacting with imprinted surfaces to generate particle plumes traveling at several kilometers per second. As such, the interaction of two ejecta microjets provides a novel experimental methodology to study interacting particle streams. In this Letter, we report the first time sequences of x-ray radiography images of two interacting tin ejecta microjets taken on a platform designed for the OMEGA Extended Performance (OMEGA EP) laser. We observe that the microjets pass through each other unattenuated for the case of 11.7±3.2 GPa shock pressures and jet velocities of 2.2±0.5 km/s but show strong interaction dynamics for 116.0±6.1 GPa shock pressures and jet velocities of 6.5±0.5 km/s. We find that radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the experiments are able to capture many aspects of the collisional behavior, such as the attenuation of jet velocity in the direction of propagation, but are unable to match the full spread of the strongly interacting cloud.

The ion-Weibel instability is a leading candidate mechanism for the formation of collisionless shocks observed in may astrophysical systems. Experimental and computational studies have shown that the ion-Weibel instability drives current filamentation in interpenetrating plasma flows 1 , 2 with the capability to mediate collisionless shock formation and subsequent particle acceleration 3 in the lab. The present work focuses on the study of nonlinear ion-Weibel evolution under various plasma conditions through utilization of different ion species and experimental geometries. Temporally varying plasma condition are determined using benchmarked FLASH simulations. Path-integrated B-field distributions are retrieved from experimental proton images in all cases and Fourier analyzed to quantify the dominant filament scale-size and estimate the B-field strength. This new analysis methodology demonstrates that the first ~400ps of plasma interpenetration sets the spectral characteristics of ion-Weibel filamentation, and that underlying plasma conditions later in time do not significantly alter nonlinear filament evolution.

Plastic deformation of samples compressed to Mbar pressures at high strain rates at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) forms the basis of ongoing material strength experiments in conditions relevant to meteor impacts, geophysics, armor development, and inertial confinement fusion. Hard x-ray radiography is the primary means of measuring the evolution of these samples, typically employing a slit-collimated high-Z microdot driven by the NIF laser to generate [Formula: see text] keV x rays [E. Gumbrell et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89, 10G118 (2018) and C. M. Huntington et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89, 10G121 (2018)]. Alternatively, a dysprosium “micro-flag” target driven by the Advanced Radiographic Capability laser ([Formula: see text] kJ, 10 ps) can deliver significantly higher spatiotemporal resolution [M. P. Hill et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 92, 033535 (2021)], especially in high-opacity samples. Initial experiments revealed problematic brightness and spectral gradients from this source, but by radiographing a set of diamond-turned, 105 µm-thick Pb test objects and supported by simulations using the 3D Monte Carlo code GEANT4, these geometry-dependent gradients across the field of view are quantified and mitigation strategies are assessed. In addition to significantly enhancing the modulation transfer function compared to the existing system, image stacking from multiple layers of image plate is shown to almost double the signal to noise ratio that will reduce uncertainties in future dynamic strength experiments.

BackgroundVery few data are available on predictors of minimal disease activity (MDA) in patients with recent-onset psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Such data are crucial, since the therapeutic measures used to change the adverse course of PsA are more likely to succeed if we intervene early.ObjectivesTo detect patient and disease variables associated with achieving MDA in patients with recent-onset PsA.MethodsWe performed a multicenter observational prospective study (2-year follow-up, regular annual visits), promoted by the Spanish Society of Rheumatology. Patients aged ≥18 years who fulfilled the CASPAR criteria, with less than 2 years since the onset of symptoms, were included. The intention at the baseline visit was to reflect the patient’s situation before disease progress was modified by the treatments prescribed by the rheumatologist.All patients gave their informed consent. The study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Principality of Asturias.MDA was defined as fulfillment of at least 5 of the following: ≤1 tender joint; ≤1 swollen joint; PASI ≤1 or BSA ≤3%; score on the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain provided by the patient ≤1.5; overall score for disease activity provided by the patient ≤2; HAQ score ≤0.5; ≤1 painful enthesis [1].The dataset contained data for the independent variables from the baseline visit and from follow-up visit number 1. These were matched with the outcome measures from follow-up visits 1 and 2, respectively. We trained a random forest–type machine learning algorithm to analyze the association between the outcome measure and the variables selected in the bivariate analysis. In order to understand how the model uses the variables to make its predictions, we applied the SHAP technique. This approach assigns a SHAP value to each value of each variable according to the extent to which it affects the prediction of the model (the higher the absolute SHAP value, the greater the influence of this data item on prediction) and to how it affects the prediction (if the SHAP value is positive, the data item positively affects the prediction, that is, it confers a higher value on the prediction). The SHAP summary graphs order the predictors by their importance in the predictions of the model. This importance is calculated with the mean of the SHAP values assigned to each data item of a variable; mean values ResultsThe sample comprised 158 patients. 14.6% were lost to follow-up. 55.5% and 58.3% of the patients had MDA at the first and second follow-up visit, respectively. The importance of the variables in the model according to the mean of the SHAP values is shown in Table 1. The variables with the greatest predictive ability were global pain, impact of the disease (PsAID), patient global assessment of disease and physical function (HAQ-Disability Index). The SHAP values for each value of each variable are shown in Figure 1. The percentage of hits in the confusion matrix was 85.94%.Table 1.Variables in the predictions of the random forest for MDA according to the SHAP method.VariableImportance according to SHAP1Global pain0.069PsAID0.064Patient global assessment of disease0.047HAQ0.044Articular pattern at diagnosis0.029Physician global assessment of disease0.023Tender joint count0.014Sex0.009Weekly alcohol consumption0.0091Mean of the SHAP values for each value of the variable.MDA: minimal disease activity.Figure 1.SHAP summary graph.ConclusionA key objective in the management of PsA should be control of pain, which is not always associated with inflammatory burden, and the establishment of measures to better control the various domains of PsA.References[1]Coates LC, Fransen J, Helliwell PS. Defining minimal disease activity in psoriatic arthritis: a proposed objective target for treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:48-53.AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge José Luis Fernández Sueiro for the conception of the study; José Miguel Carrasco for his contribution to the design of the study; Nuria Montero and Cristina Oliva for her contribution to data monitoring; Ana González Marcos and Cristina Pruenza for her contribution to data analysis; and Thomas O´Boyle for the translation of the manuscript.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

The rubber material properties and useful lifetime evaluation are very important in design procedures to ensure the safety and reliability of rubber components. This study examined experimentally the characteristics and useful lifetime prediction of rubber components for an elevator cabin. Material tests and accelerated heat-aging tests were conducted. The rubber material coefficient was obtained by curve fitting of uni-axial tension, pure shear and equi-biaxial tension test data. To assess and predict the useful lifetime of natural rubber component, the changes in mechanical properties were determined under accelerated aging conditions. The rubber was aged at temperatures ranging from 70oC to 100oC for between 1 and 60 days. This paper presents a general approach for correlating the accelerated aging results with aging under service conditions using an Arrhenius methodology. Several useful lifetime prediction equations for the rubber component were proposed using the rubber material and component test. The predicted useful lifetime of the rubber component for an elevator cabin agreed fairly well with the experimentally determined values.

The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effects of supplementing laying hens with purified amino acids (PAA) derived from the blood of animal slaughter house on their egg production, egg quality, and immune response. The experiment was based on completely randomized design. A total of 144 Isa Brown laying hens (56-weeks old) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 4 pen replications (control, T1: 0.05%, T2: 0.1%, and T3: 0.5% PAA). Each pen housed nine laying hens. The laying hens were reared under a deep litter system. Once a week, a total of 12 eggs of each treatment were collected for egg quality analysis. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis and cytokines profiles using ELISA kit assays. Hen day egg production and hen house egg production increased significantly (P

BackgroundInflammation of the valve attachment site may produce tissue degeneration near the atrioventricular node, which may lead to electrical conduction disturbances, that is to say atrioventricular block (AVB) and bundle branch block (BBB).ObjectivesTo evaluate the evidence regarding the prevalence and risk of BB, AVB and pacemaker implantation (PMI) in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) compared to a control group without SpA.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed using Pubmed (Medline), EMBASE (Elsevier) and Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases until December 2021. The risk for AVB, BBB and PMI were analyzed. Cohort, case control and cross-sectional studies in patients ≥18 years meeting the classification criteria for SpA were included. The Odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR) or Hazard ratio (HR) were considered as outcomes. Data was synthesized in a previously defined extraction form. The risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.ResultsIn total, eight out of 374 studies were included. As for low grade AVB and BBB, only indirect results comparing prevalences from low to medium quality studies were found. According to population based registries, the sex and age adjusted HR of AVB was 2.3 (95% CI 1.6 - 3.3) in ankylosing spondylitis, 2.9 (95% CI 1.8 - 4.7) in undifferentiated spondyloarthritis and 1.5 (95% CI 1.1 a 1.9) in psoriatic arthritis. The RR for PMI was 1.3 (95% CI 1.16 - 1.46) for groups aged between 65-69 years, 1.33 (95% CI 1.22 - 1.44) for 70-75 years, 1.24 (95% CI 1.55 - 1.33) for 75-79 years and 1.11 (95% CI 1.06 - 1.17) for groups older than 80 years.AuthorStudy designPopulationSample numberTestOutcomesAdjustmentBaniaamam 2021[6]Cross sectionalAS and osteoarthritis between 50-75 years267ECGPrevalence of AVB, BBB and PMIControls matched for age, sex and smoking statusBengtsson 2017[12]CohortAS, uSpA, PsA, GPfrom the Swedish national registry294136ICD-10Prevalence, Incidence, HR, for AVB and PMI compared to GPAge, sexDik 2010[9]Cross sectionalAS131ECGPrevalence of AVB and BBB Association of PR interval with AS disease related variablesAge, sex, disease durationFeld 2008[10]Case controlPsA compared to non psoriatic nor arthritic patients184ECGPrevalence of AVB, BBB Correlation of PR interval with AS disease related variablesNoneFu 2016[8]Cross sectionalAS between 18-50y without cardiac disease122ECGPrevalence of AVB, BBB AS without kyphosisNoneGoulenok 2010[13]Cross sectionalSpA, RA and control group without known CV disease288ECGPrevalence AVB, BBNoneWard 2018[7]CohortAS from Medicare database older than 6542,327ICD-9Prevalence, incidence, OR of PMIAge, sex, raceYildrir 1999[11]Case controlAS88Holter and ECGPrevalence of AVBNoneConclusionThe differences of prevalence in AVB and BBB were similar in SpA and control groups even though studies lacked the power. According to population registries there was an two fold-increased risk of high grade AVB in SpA patients. RR for PMI was higher in younger age groups.Disclosure of InterestsHye Sang Park: None declared, Ana Laiz Speakers bureau: A.L. has received speaker fees/honoraria from Abbvie, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Petra Díaz del Campo Fontecha: None declared, Mª Auxiliadora Martín Martínez: None declared, Mercedes Guerra-Rodriguez: None declared, Concepción Alonso Martín: None declared, Jesus Sanchez-Vega: None declared, Hector Corominas Speakers bureau: H.C. has received speaker fees/honoraria from BMS, Gebro, MSD, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, and UCB, Consultant of: H.C. has participated in consulting for Abbvie, Amgen, Biogen, Celgene, Gilead, Kern, Pfizer and Sanofi.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and atherosclerosis is a cause of cardiac comorbidities in COPD. However, it is not clear whether airflow limitation is associated with atherosclerosis irrespective of smoking.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether airflow limitation is independently associated with vascular stiffness.METHODS: We enrolled 18 893 participants (male 70.5%; mean age 47.5 ± 9.8 years; never smokers 44.2%) who underwent spirometry and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) as part of a standard health examination at Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, South Korea, from January 2010 to December 2015.We defined vascular peripheral atherosclerosis as baPWV ≥ 1400 cm/s and airflow limitation as pre-bronchodilator ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) RESULTS: Mean baPWV was higher in subjects with airflow limitation (1477.6 ± 331.7 cm/sec, n = 638) than in those without airflow limitation (1344.1 ± 231.8 cm/sec, n = 18255, P < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following were independent predictors associated with peripheral atherosclerosis (P < 0.05): age, male sex, fasting serum glucose, mean blood pressure, serum leukocyte count, serum low density lipoprotein level and FEV1.CONCLUSION: Airflow limitation was an independent predictor of vascular stiffness irrespective of smoking history, which suggests that airflow limitation is linked with atherosclerosis.

We present the first local, quantitative measurements of ion current filamentation and magnetic field amplification in interpenetrating plasmas, characterizing the dynamics of the ion Weibel instability. The interaction of a pair of laser-generated, counterpropagating, collisionless, supersonic plasma flows is probed using optical Thomson scattering (TS). Analysis of the TS ion-feature revealed anticorrelated modulations in the density of the two ion streams at the spatial scale of the ion skin depth $c/{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{pi}=120\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$, and a correlated modulation in the plasma current. The inferred current profile implies a magnetic field amplitude $\ensuremath{\sim}30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{T}$, corresponding to $\ensuremath{\sim}1%$ of the flow kinetic energy, indicating that magnetic trapping is the dominant saturation mechanism.

This study investigated the incidence, progression and clinical course of myocardial injury-related snake envenomation in South Korea. In addition, this study evaluated whether antivenom guidelines are appropriate to control envenomation in patients with myocardial injury. The study included 198 patients who received antivenom after a snakebite, and they were divided into two groups according to evidence of myocardial injury (defined as elevated troponin I or ischemic change on electrocardiogram) at presentation. Data including serial troponin I, echocardiogram/coronary angiogram findings, the clinical course, and treatment were collected and analyzed. The incidence of myocardial injury at presentation was 15.2%. The troponin I level was 0.11 (0.07–0.56) ng/ml at presentation and tended to decrease over 24 h. Echocardiograms revealed neither regional wall motion abnormalities nor left ventricular dysfunction in 15 of 17 patients, while two patients showed signs of coronary artery stenosis on echocardiograms and coronary angiograms. However, compared with patients without myocardial injury, patients with myocardial injury had a higher frequency of systemic envenomation complications, including bleeding, respiratory failure, hypotension, acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia and venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC). The patients with myocardial injury at presentation needed significantly more frequent and larger doses of antivenom than indicated by the initial severity of envenomation. Multivariate analysis showed that myocardial injury was associated with the need for additional antivenom administration after initial administration. Myocardial injury is not uncommon after snake envenomation in Korea. Although myocardial injury itself seems to be benign, the clinical course of patients with myocardial injury is complicated, and myocardial injury is associated with the need for additional antivenom administration. The optimal use of antivenom to control envenomation in patents with myocardial injury after snake envenomation in South Korea should be established.

The existences of protein are important to supply nutritional requirements and to support optimal growth performance in modern broiler chicken. The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of purified amino acid (PAA) isolated from animal blood on growth performance and immune response. A total of one hundred of 1-day old broiler chicken were used in the experiment, following a completely randomized design of 4 groups of treatment differed in concentrations of PAA supplementation (T1: control, no PAA addition; T2: 0.05%; T3: 0.1%; and T4: 0.5%) with 4 replicates for each group. Levels of various cytokines, such as IgA, IgG, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon γ, were analyzed using an ELISA kit. Insulin-like growth factor 1, an important growth hormone, was also examined using an ELISA kit. The present result showed feed efficiency and average daily feed intake of broiler chicken increased significantly along with increasing concentrations of PAA (P

The use of calcium phosphate bone cement has been described to allow for retention of reduction. Therefore, we evaluated whether augmentation with resorbable calcium phosphate could improve fracture stability in osteoporotic hip fractures. The results showed that augmentation with calcium phosphate cement significantly improved the stability of intertrochanteric fractures. The aim with this study was to measure whether augmentation with resorbable calcium phosphate cement could improve fracture stability in osteoporotic hip fractures. We retrospectively reviewed 82 patients who underwent closed reduction and internal fixation with proximal femoral nail (PFN) for unstable intertrochanteric fractures between 2014 and 2017. In 42 of 82 patients, patients were treated with a PFN alone (group I). These patients were compared with 40 patients for whom the same device combined with calcium phosphate cement for augmentation was used (group II). Questionnaire surveys or telephone interviews were conducted and patients completed a self-report Harris hip score (HHS) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Radiographic outcomes including mean sliding distance of screw, femoral shortening, and varus collapse were compared. Postoperative complications were compared. Clinical outcomes at 6 months after surgery were equivalent in both groups. Screw sliding, femoral shortening, and varus collapse were all significantly reduced in the cemented group at the last follow-up (p

Energy-transport effects can alter the structure that develops as a supernova evolves into a supernova remnant. The Rayleigh–Taylor instability is thought to produce structure at the interface between the stellar ejecta and the circumstellar matter, based on simple models and hydrodynamic simulations. Here we report experimental results from the National Ignition Facility to explore how large energy fluxes, which are present in supernovae, affect this structure. We observed a reduction in Rayleigh–Taylor growth. In analyzing the comparison with supernova SN1993J, a Type II supernova, we found that the energy fluxes produced by heat conduction appear to be larger than the radiative energy fluxes, and large enough to have dramatic consequences. No reported astrophysical simulations have included radiation and heat conduction self-consistently in modeling supernova remnants and these dynamics should be noted in the understanding of young supernova remnants., Radiation and conduction are generally considered as the main energy transport mechanisms for the evolution of early supernova remnants. Here the authors experimentally show the role of electron heat transfer on the growth of Rayleigh–Taylor instability in young supernova remnants.

The age and growth of conger eel, Conger myriaster, were investigated by measuring transversely sectioned sagittal otoliths samples from 635 individuals. Sample ages ranged from 1 to 13 years in the female data. Parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth function were estimated using nonlinear regression from back-calculation, mean length of samples at age relationships, and otolith weight-at-age relationships. Best-fitting value of the three methods was the otolith weight-at-age relationship (r2 = .87). Parameters of otolith weight-at-age were estimated as L∞ = 143.76 cm, K = 0.081, and t0 = −1.285. Maximum oocyte diameter (MOD) ranged from 50 to 430 μm. Reproductive traits of ovaries showed a positive relationship between GSI and MOD (r2 = .8515). It is suggested that oogenesis begins to develop from 4 years of age and at lengths of about 45 cm TL. In conclusion, these data provide reliable fundamental data for the fish stock management of Conger myriaster in South Korea.

Background: It has been suggested that AF-related ischemic stroke (IS) that is accompanied by atherosclerotic burden have poorer outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of pre-stroke glycemic control (PSGC) on the early neurologic deterioration (END) of patients with acute AF-related IS. Methods: We retrospectively recruited 121 patients with AF-related IS who also had Diabetes mellitus (DM). The HbA1C level was measured in all subjects. END was defined as an increase in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 4 NIHSS points within 7days of symptom onset compared to the initial NIHSS score. Results: In this study, 20.7% (25 patients) were classified as having a poor PSGC status with a HbA1C level above 8.0%. In the univariate analysis, a poor PSGC status (p

Background A multidrug regimen including isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol is commonly used as a first-line treatment for tuberculosis. However, these regimens can occasionally result in severe adverse drug reactions such as drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome and drug-induced liver injury. The culprit drug and mechanistic basis for the hypersensitive reaction are unknown. Objective To investigate drug-specific T-cell responses in patients with ATD-induced cutaneous hypersensitivity and its underlying mechanism. Methods In total, we enrolled 8 patients with ATD-induced maculopapular exanthema and DRESS, and performed lymphocyte transformation test. Subsequently, drug-specific T-cell clones were generated from four of the patients who showed proliferation in response to ATDs. We measured the drug-specific proliferative responses and counted the drug-specific, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)/granzyme B -producing cells after drug stimulation. Anti-human class I and class II blocking antibodies were used to analyze human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted T-cell responses. Results Positive proliferative responses to ATDs were mostly found in patients with cutaneous hypersensitivity. Furthermore, we isolated isoniazid/rifampicin -specific T-cells from patients, which consisted primarily of CD4+ T-cells. Drug-specific CD4+ T-cells proliferated and secreted interferon gamma (IFN-γ)/granzyme B when stimulated with isoniazid or rifampicin, respectively. Isoniazid-responsive T-cell clones did not proliferate in the presence of rifampicin, and vice versa. Drug-specific T-cell responses were blocked in the presence of anti-human class II antibodies. Conclusions This study identifies the presence of isoniazid/rifampicin-specific T-cells in patients with ATD-induced maculopapular exanthema and DRESS. Furthermore, it highlights the important role of drug-specific T-cell immune responses in the pathogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The fast neutron rate is measured at the site of NEOS experiment, a short baseline neutrino experiment located in a tendon gallery of a commercial nuclear power plant, using a 0.78-liter liquid scintillator detector. A pulse shape discrimination technique is used to identify neutron signals. The measurements are performed during the nuclear reactor-on and off periods and found to be ~20 per day for both periods. The fast neutron rate is also measured at an overground site with a negligible overburden and is found to be ~100 times higher than that at the NEOS experiment site.

We study the high-pressure strength of Pb and Pb-4wt%Sb at the National Ignition Facility. We measure Rayleigh-Taylor growth of preformed ripples ramp compressed to ∼400 GPa peak pressure, among the highest-pressure strength measurements ever reported on any platform. We find agreement with 2D simulations using the Improved Steinberg-Guinan strength model for body-centered-cubic Pb; the Pb-4wt%Sb alloy behaves similarly within the error bars. The combination of high-rate, pressure-induced hardening and polymorphism yield an average inferred flow stress of ∼3.8 GPa at high pressure, a ∼250-fold increase, changing Pb from soft to extremely strong.

Background Relationship between AF and inflammation was shown in previous studies. However, there was limited data about the association between the acute hepatitis B flare (AVHF-B) and AF in the long-term follow-up. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of AVHF-B and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with AF. Methods Our University echocardiography, electrocardiogram (ECG) and hepatitis B database were reviewed from 2008 to 2017 to identify patients with AF and AVHF-B. Patients were followed for a mean 26.4±0.9 months and were divided into two groups according to the absence or presence of AVHF-B with AF. Results Among 280 patients with AF, 100 (35.7%) patients had AVHF-B. Total any event rates were significantly higher in patients with AVHF-B compared to those without AVHF-B (P Conclusion The patients with AVHF-B were associated with higher arrhythmic events and total any events, suggesting more intensive medical therapy with close clinical follow-up will be required. Acknowledgement/Funding None