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1. Konjugationsreaktionen von Ciprofibrat bei Menschen und Versuchstieren

Author: H. Oelschläger, R. Glöckner, Karl-Heinz Hellwich, Brit Hofmann, Sieglinde Ueberall, Dieter Müller, Andreas Seeling, and Heike Machts
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Clofibric acid, Urine, Metabolism, Glucuronic acid, Amino acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hydrolysis, Biochemistry, Biotransformation, Drug Discovery, medicine, Ciprofibrate, medicine.drug
Abstract: An open problem of the lipid lowering agent ciprofibrate (rac-2-[4-(2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl)-phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid, CAS 52214-84-3) is its metabolism concerning the conjugation with amino acids and glucuronic acid. It could be solved by syntheses of the needed reference compounds--unknown up to now--and administration of ciprofibrate to volunteers and rats. Unexpectedly the conjugation compounds with amino acids are stable in vitro and in metabolism. There was no evidence for any conjugation reaction with amino acids by investigating samples of urine and faeces. On the contrary the urine of humans contains 90-97% of beta-O-acylglucuronide, whereas rat urine shows only 10% of the calculated amount.
Published: 2011
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2. Single and chronic administration of ciprofibrate or of ciprofibrate-glycinate in male Fischer 344 rats: Comparison of the effects on morphological and biochemical parameters in liver and blood

Author: Amelie Lupp, M. Danz, Wolfgang Klinger, H. Oelschläger, E. Karge, and Thomas Deufel
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical chemistry, Glycine, Clofibric Acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Oral administration, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Pharmacology (medical), Enzyme inducer, Hypolipidemic Agents, Pharmacology, Oxidase test, Glutathione Disulfide, biology, Glycogen, Cholesterol, Body Weight, Fibric Acids, Cytochrome P450, Bilirubin, Organ Size, Glutathione, Rats, Inbred F344, Rats, Endocrinology, Liver, chemistry, biology.protein, Ciprofibrate, medicine.drug
Abstract: Fibrates lead to a reduction of serum triglycerides and cholesterol in hyperlipidemic patients. Their therapeutic use, however, can be associated with adverse effects like gastrointestinal disorders, myalgia, myositis and hepatotoxicity. Large doses can even cause hepatocellular carcinoma in rodents. Additionally, interactions with the biotransformation of other compounds at the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system have been observed. Thus, the discovery of new derivatives with less of these side effects is of great interest. In the present study a single (10 mg/kg body weight) or a 4-week (1 or 10 mg/kg body weight daily) oral administration of ciprofibrate or of the newly synthesized ciprofibrate-glycinate was investigated in adult male Fischer 344 rats. Serum lipid concentrations were distinctly decreased after single but only slightly after chronic administration of the two fibrates, whereas liver parameters revealed a slight concentration and time dependent hepatotoxicity. Histologically, a hypertrophy, an eosinophilia, a reduced glycogen content and also an apoptosis of the hepatocytes was observed. Effects were more pronounced after chronic treatment and after application of the higher dosage. All CYP enzymes investigated were induced in a time and concentration dependent manner. Resulting CYP mediated monooxygenase and oxidase activities showed a dependency both on enzyme induction and hepatotoxic effects. With no parameter investigated major differences were seen between ciprofibrate and ciprofibrate-glycinate. Thus, the present investigations revealed no noticeable advantages of ciprofibrate-glycinate over its parent compound ciprofibrate.
Published: 2005
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3. Investigations of Interactions of Chlormezanone Racemate and Its Enantiomers on Human Keratinocytes and Human Leucoytes in vitro

Author: Uta-Christina Hipler, A. Seeling, Uwe Wollina, and H. Oelschläger
Subjects: Keratinocytes, Physiology, Chlormezanone, medicine.drug_class, Stimulation, Dermatology, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adenosine Triphosphate, medicine, Humans, Lymphocytes, Lucigenin, Organic Chemicals, Cytotoxicity, Cells, Cultured, Fluorescent Dyes, Muscle Relaxants, Central, Chemistry, Stereoisomerism, Muscle relaxant, General Medicine, Allergens, In vitro, HaCaT, Interleukin-3, Enantiomer, Reactive Oxygen Species, medicine.drug
Abstract: Chlormezanone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant introduced in human therapy as a racemic substance. The following investigation was performed in order to investigate whether the racemate and both enantiomers differ in their potential cytotoxicty in vitro. We investigated antiproliferative effects and cytotoxicity (PicoGreen and ATP assay) for human HaCaT keratinocytes, production of oxygen radicals (ROS) by human interleukin-3-stimulated leukocytes (Lucigenin assay) and production of sulfoleukotrienes (Cellular Antigen Stimulation Test – CAST) by human leukocytes. In the dosage range of 0.001 to 0.1 mg/ ml chlormezanone, no antiproliferative effects were measured with the racemate and both enantiomers. At 1.0 mg/ml, a decrease of proliferative activity was seen after 48 h incubation time of about 50% for the enantiomers and of about 80% for the racemate (PicoGreen) and 50% (enantiomers) or 21% (racemate) in the ATP assay, respectively. ROS production was significantly inhibited at concentrations ≤0.01 mg/ ml by the racemate and the (+)-enantiomer, whereas the (–)-enantiomer was less effective. There was no stimulation of sulfidoleukotrienes in human leukocytes by chlormezanone. Present data argue for absence of significant cytotoxicity against human HaCaT keratinocytes and a dose-dependent suppression of ROS production by human leukocytes that is not uniform among the racemate and its enantiomers.
Published: 2005
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4. Lebenszykluskosten in der Angebotskalkulation – Verknüpfung von Angebotskalkulation und Lebenszykluskostenrechnung im Werkzeug- und Formenbau

Author: H. K. Tönshoff, M. Eger, and H. Oelschläger
Subjects: Control and Systems Engineering, Automotive Engineering
Published: 2003
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5. Analysis of aminopyridines and diaminopyridines by capillary electrophoresis

Author: Gerhard K. E. Scriba, M. Abu-Khurmah, S. Sabbah, and H. Oelschläger
Subjects: Chromatography, Capillary action, Potassium, Organic Chemistry, Clinical Biochemistry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Effective length, Biochemistry, Buffer (optical fiber), Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Uv spectra, Capillary electrophoresis, chemistry, Sodium acetate, Aminopyridines
Abstract: A capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the separation of aminopyridines and diaminopyridines. The influence of the buffer pH and type of buffer was studied. Optimum separation conditions were 100mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.15, and an applied voltage of 20kV using a capillary of 50 cm effective length. In addition to use of the migration times the compounds could be identified by their UV spectra when using a DAD detector. The assay was applied to the analysis of 3,4-diaminopyridine.
Published: 2001
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6. Levels of Organochlorines (DDT, PCBs, Toxaphene, Chlordane, Dieldrin, and HCHs) in Blubber of South African Fur Seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) from Cape Cross/Namibia

Author: Bernd Luckas, Elke Scholz, Marion Weichbrodt, H. Oelschläger, and Walter Vetter
Subjects: Camphechlor, biology, Chlordane, Aquatic Science, Pesticide, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Toxaphene, Arctocephalus, chemistry.chemical_compound, Dieldrin, chemistry, Cape, Blubber, Environmental chemistry
Abstract: Organochlorines (DDT, toxaphene, PCBs, chlordane, HCHs, dieldrin) were quantified in the blubber of eleven fur seals of the species Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus. The sample clean-up included microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), adsorption chromatography on silica gel and quantitation with GC/ECD. Compounds of technical toxaphene (CTTs) were determined after separation from the PCBs. Highest levels arose for p , p ′-DDE (7–1000 μg/kg). A so far unknown compound labelled Q1 caused the second most abundant peak in the samples. Q1 was identified as a heptachloro compound by GC/MS in the electron capture negative ionisation and electron impact ionisation mode. Levels of Q1 were estimated relative to the ECD response factor of trans -nonachlor. These estimated Q1 levels ranged from 27 to 351 μg/kg being in the range or higher than the levels of PCBs (6–697 μg/kg), toxaphene (10–97 μg/kg), chlordane (3–159 μg/kg), and dieldrin (4–36 μg/kg). One sample which showed significantly higher DDT and PCB levels (but not toxaphene, dieldrin, Q1, and chlordane) than the others is most likely migrated from an area higher polluted with DDT and PCBs. Another one showed very low levels which were not explained. Except these samples, the levels determined in the blubber were among the lower levels reported for this kind of tissue. The data also confirmed that the organochlorine levels in Africa are varying from region to region, and that there is still a need for further research.
Published: 1999
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7. Interaction of chlormezanone enantiomers with rat liver microsomes

Author: E. Karge, Wolfgang Klinger, A. Seeling, H. Oelschläger, and D. Rothley
Subjects: Male, Chlormezanone, law.invention, Luminol, Lipid peroxidation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Coumarins, law, Oxazines, medicine, Animals, Ethylmorphine, Pharmacology (medical), Lucigenin, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Chemiluminescence, Pharmacology, Chromatography, Muscle Relaxants, Central, Zymosan, Anticoagulants, Stereoisomerism, Hydrogen Peroxide, Rats, Analgesics, Opioid, Hexobarbital, chemistry, Biochemistry, Luminescent Measurements, Microsomes, Liver, Acridines, Indicators and Reagents, Lipid Peroxidation, Enantiomer, Reactive Oxygen Species, Protein Binding, medicine.drug
Abstract: Both chlormezanone enantiomers, for the first time obtained by enantiospecific HPLC with a 100% yield, bind to oxidized cytochrome P-450 in rat liver microsomes with a binding curve according to type I, similar to hexobarbital but less pronounced. There are no differences between the binding curves of the two enantiomers. Ethylmorphine N-demethylation, ethoxycoumarin and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation are inhibited by both chlormezanone enantiomers at 0.1-1 mM concentrations: no differences could be found. Luminol and lucigenin amplified chemiluminescence indicating the formation of reactive oxygen species was not influenced by either enantiomer in concentration ranges between millimolar and micromolar, whereas hydrogen peroxide formation was inhibited. NADPH/Fe stimulated lipid peroxidation was not influenced. Scavenger activity could not be demonstrated: the zymosan stimulated whole blood chemiluminescence was not influenced significantly.
Published: 1999
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8. Ciprofibrate — racemate and enantiomers: Effects of a four-week treatment on male inbred Fischer rats. A biochemical and morphological study

Author: E. Karge, H. Oelschläger, S. Löbel, W. Kühnel, Thomas Deufel, D. Rothley, M. Klinger, Amelie Lupp, M. Danz, Martin Müller, Werner Linss, and Wolfgang Klinger
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Administration, Oral, Kidney, Weight Gain, Toxicology, Microbodies, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Lipid peroxidation, Clofibric Acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Serum Albumin, Triglycerides, Hypolipidemic Agents, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Glycogen, Fibric Acids, Stereoisomerism, Organ Size, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Glutathione, Ethylmorphine, Rats, Inbred F344, Rats, Cholesterol, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Liver, chemistry, Hepatocyte, Luminescent Measurements, Toxicity, Microsomes, Liver, Alkaline phosphatase, Lipid Peroxidation, Ciprofibrate, medicine.drug
Abstract: Summary Ciprofibrates (racemate and both enantiomers, Raccip, R- and Scip) were administered orally in doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg once daily over 28 days to male inbred Fischer 344 rats, age 90–110 days at the beginning of the experiment. Body mass gain was observed in all groups. The 1 mg groups showed almost no difference to the control group. The 10 mg groups exhibited less body mass gain, most pronounced in the Scip group. Liver masses were increased in a dose dependent manner up to more than 200%, only the 10 mg Scip group was not significantly different from the 1 mg group which exhibited an increase in liver weight to about 175%. Also the kidney weights increased to 130%, whereas thymus and spleen weights were decreased in the high dose groups. Liver microsomal cytochromes P450 (P450) concentrations were not altered in the 1 mg groups and distinctly lowered in the 10 mg groups. Ethoxyresorufin and ethoxycoumarin O-deethylations were lowered in all experimental groups in a dose dependent manner, after administration of the high doses down to 30% of the control levels or less. Pentoxyresorufin O-depentylation, however, was increased in all 1 mg groups. In the high dose groups it was not altered. Ethylmorphine N-demethylation was decreased after administration of the high doses by about 50%, but only Scip decreased this reaction also after administration of the low dose. NADPH/Fe 2+ -stimulated microsomal luminol and lucigenin amplified chemiluminescence was increased, whereas hydrogen peroxide formation was depressed even by the low doses to 50% of the normal values, to about 25% by the high doses. Microsomal lipid peroxidation, however, was only slightly or not influenced. Glutathion concentrations (in the reduced and the oxidized form) were increased in a dose dependent manner by about 20 to 30%, the concentration of lipid peroxides was not significantly influenced. Thus, the effects of the enantiomers were not different and were similar to those of the racemate. In serum, cholesterol and triglycerides were only moderately lowered. Albumin concentrations were significantly enhanced in all groups, total proteins after 1 mg/kg Raccip only. Serum bilirubins were not altered, and among the indicator enzymes for liver damage only ALAT, alkaline phosphatase and the dehydrogenases were increased, in no case higher than twofold. Histologically distinct effects were seen after administration of both doses, more pronounced after 10 mg/kg, but with no differences between the enantiomers and Raccip: marked hypertrophy of the hepatocytes, reduced staining of the nuclei, strongly acidophilic granulated cytoplama, no basophilia of the cell bodies, loss of glycogen. These changes were most pronounced around the central veins. Hepatocyte apoptoses also were observed. By immunohistochemistry an increased staining was seen for all P450 isoforms tested (1A1, 2B1, 2E1, 3A2 and 4A1), predominantly perivenously and most pronounced after administration of the high doses without differences between Rcip, Scip or Raccip (preliminary results). By electron microscopy a moderate proliferation of peroxisomes after treatment with 1 mg/kg Cips with a ratio between mitochondria and peroxisomes of about 1:1 (controls: 10:1) was observed, and the peroxisomes were a more heterogeneous population. The relative portions of glycogen and both forms of the ER decreased. Treatment with 10 mg/kg Rcip, Scip or Raccip led to a strong increase in the number of peroxisomes, in some hepatocytes the ratio between mitochondria and peroxisomes was 1:3 with an increased heterogeneity among the peroxisomes evidenced by a broad range of electron densities. Most peroxisomes lacked a nucleoid. Thus, the biochemical effects differed only slighly and the morphological effects of the enantiomers were not different and were similar to those of the racemate.
Published: 1998
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9. Interaction of chlormezanone with rat liver microsomes and its degradation

Author: D. Rothley, E. Karge, H. Oelschläger, and Wolfgang Klinger
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Chlormezanone, Luminol, Lipid peroxidation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Coumarins, Internal medicine, Oxazines, medicine, Animals, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors, Ethylmorphine, Drug Interactions, Pharmacology (medical), Lucigenin, Rats, Wistar, Biotransformation, Pharmacology, Chromatography, Muscle Relaxants, Central, Zymosan, Stimulation, Chemical, Rats, Endocrinology, Hexobarbital, chemistry, Luminescent Measurements, Microsomes, Liver, Oxygenases, Microsome, Lipid Peroxidation, Reactive Oxygen Species, medicine.drug
Abstract: Chlormezanone binds to oxidized cytochrome P450 in rat liver microsomes with a binding curve according to type I like hexobarbital but less pronounced and with a general shift to the left. Ethylmorphine N-demethylation, ethoxycoumarin and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation are inhibited by chlormezanone in mM concentrations only whereas pentoxyresorufin O-depentylation is inhibited by about 50% in microM concentrations. Luminol and lucigenin amplified chemiluminescence indicating the formation of reactive oxygen species was not influenced in concentration ranges between mM and microM, whereas NADPH/Fe stimulated lipid peroxidation showed a tendency of inhibition. But scavenger activity could not be demonstrated: the zymosan stimulated chemiluminescence of whole blood was not influenced significantly. The degradation process of chlormezanone was elucidated. The first step involves ring opening by chemical hydrolysis with subsequent formation of an unstable acylhalfaminal which is the source of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde. This aldehyde undergoes enzymatically controlled oxidation to 4-chlorobenzoic acid which is the parent compound of following phase II reactions. The second degradation product is 2-carboxyethane-sulfinic-acid-N-methylamide, which is hydrolyzed very quickly. Neither oxidation of the sulfinic acid or its N-methylamide derivative could be observed nor N-demethylation of chlormezanone.
Published: 1997
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10. HPLC Investigation of a Set of Local Anesthetic Aminoether Derivatives

Author: Krisztina Takács-Novák, Gy. Szász, H. Oelschläger, and Zs. Budvári-Bárány
Subjects: Chromatography, Local anesthetic, medicine.drug_class, High-performance liquid chromatography, Capacity factor, Partition coefficient, chemistry.chemical_compound, Thioether, chemistry, Anesthetic, medicine, Molecular Medicine, Partition (number theory), Sodium dodecyl sulfate, medicine.drug
Abstract: A series of amino-alkylaryl-ether and thioether deriv—atives with local anesthetic activity was investigated in an IP-RP HPLC system. Good correlation was found between the retention (log k') and octanol-water partition coefficient (log P). The values of the correlation coefficients gradu—ally increased with the increasing concentration of the ion-pairing agent, sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDS). This experience is interpreted by the similar interactions in the partition and chromatographic systems. The Alog k' and π values gener—ated from the log k' and log P values of the compounds hav—ing basic nucleus, showed also a good correlation.
Published: 1992
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11. [In vitro investigations of phase I metabolism of the fomocaine derivative Oe 9000 with pig liver homogenates]

Author: T, Dahse, J, Wennek-Klose, M, Listing, C, Fleck, and H, Oelschläger
Subjects: Chromatography, Gas, Liver, Ethanolamines, Swine, Phenyl Ethers, Animals, Indicators and Reagents, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Anesthetics, Local, In Vitro Techniques, Nitric Oxide, Biotransformation, Mass Spectrometry
Abstract: 2,2'-[4-(4-Phenoxymethylphenyl)butylimino]diethanol (Oe 9000) is a new, highly potent local anaesthetic related to fomocaine. It displays a long duration of action, low toxicity and is superior to fomocaine with regard to aqueous solubility and efficacy. In view of the development of new application forms, e.g. for the treatment of postoperative pain, the elucidation of the biotransformation of the drug is required. Therefore, experiments with 10000 x g supernatants and microsomes from pig liver homogenates were conducted. Using specifically synthesized reference compounds six phase I metabolites could be identified by LC-MS. Apart from the predominating oxidative desamination of the compound, that led after redox reactions to the corresponding butyric acid and butanol derivatives, oxygenation of the exocycle, oxidative N-desalkylation, and N-oxidation were observed. Thus, with the exception of one compound only metabolites are generated, that are expected to have no local anaesthetic activity due to their reduced basicity.
Published: 2006

12. [Studies on the recovery of pharmaceutical drug substances from surfaces made of defined stainless-steel alloys]

Author: S, Kloss, U, Müller, and H, Oelschläger
Subjects: Chromium, Titanium, Drug Industry, Surface Properties, Drug Compounding, Stainless Steel, Solutions, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Nickel, Alloys, Indicators and Reagents, Algorithms, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Copper
Abstract: Facilities for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical drug substances on the pilot-plant and the industrial scale as well as chemical reactors and vessels used for chemical work-up mainly consist of alloyed stainless steel. The influence of the alloy composition and the surface condition, i.e. of the roughness of the stainless-steel materials, on the adsorption of structurally diverse steroidal substances and, hence, on the quality of the products was studied. In general, stainless-steel alloys with smooth, not so rough surfaces are to be favored as reactor material. However, it was demonstrated in this study that, on account of the weak interaction between active substances and steel materials, mechanically polished materials of a medium roughness up to approx. 0.4 microm can be employed instead of the considerably more cost-intensive electrochemically polished stainless-steel surfaces. The type of surface finishing up to a defined roughness, then, has no influence on the quality of these pharmaceutical products. Substances that, because of their molecular structure, can function as "anions" in the presence of polar solvents, are adsorbed on very smooth surfaces prepared by electrochemical methods, forming an amorphous surface film. For substances with this structural characteristics, the lower-cost mechanically polished reactor materials of a medium roughness up to approx. 0.5 microm should be used exclusively.
Published: 2005

13. Investigations on the thermal behavior of omeprazole and other sulfoxides

Author: K M, Rosenblatt, H, Bunjes, A, Seeling, and H, Oelschläger
Subjects: Differential Thermal Analysis, Calorimetry, Differential Scanning, Drug Stability, Sulfoxides, Thermogravimetry, Pyrazoles, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Anti-Ulcer Agents, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Omeprazole
Abstract: Thermoanalytical and chromatographic investigations were performed to elucidate the reason for the uncommon thermal behavior of omeprazole prepared according to a newly developed route of synthesis. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the position of the melting endotherm of omeprazole strongly depended on the heating rate. High heating rates (20-30 degrees C/min) led to endothermic peaks at high temperatures (comparable to literature data), while lower rates induced a shift of the signal to lower temperatures. In thermogravimetric experiments weight loss was observed which started about 20 degrees C lower at the heating rate of 1 degrees C/min in comparison with the rate of 20 degrees C/min. Thermomicroscopic investigations indicated a decomposition prior to melting at low (1 degrees C/min) but not at high heating rates (20 degrees C/min). Investigation of the violet melt by HPLC and TLC showed that omeprazole was decomposed quantitatively. Decomposition started at 135 degrees C and depended on the rate of heating. The results indicate that eutectic behavior with decomposition products leads to a melting point depression of omeprazole upon slow heating. Similar behavior was observed for the related sulfoxides lansoprazole and pantoprazole which showed the same onset temperature for decomposition as omeprazole in chromatographic investigations. The heating rate dependent melting behavior was, however, much less pronounced for pantoprazole which has a melting range only slightly above the onset temperature for decomposition. In contrast, a constant value for the melting temperature could not be achieved for lansoprazole, the substance with the highest melting range under investigation, even at high heating rates up to 30 degrees C/min. In conclusion, a very dynamic method and exactly standardized measurement conditions, particularly with regards to heating rate, (e.g., in DSC) have to be employed to enable reliable determination of a melting point of these decomposable substances.
Published: 2005

14. Fibrates and their newly synthesized glycinate or glycinate-methylester derivatives: comparison of the interactions with liver cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenase- and oxidase-functions in vitro

Author: E. Karge, Christian Fleck, H. Oelschläger, Heiner Hopf, Heike Machts, and Amelie Lupp
Subjects: Male, Stereochemistry, Neutrophils, Glycine, Toxicology, Lymphocyte Activation, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Luminol, Lipid peroxidation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Structure-Activity Relationship, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, medicine, Animals, Outbred Strains, Gemfibrozil, Animals, Rats, Wistar, Biotransformation, Hypolipidemic Agents, Oxidase test, Clofibrate, biology, Esterification, Cytochrome P450, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Hydrogen Peroxide, Monooxygenase, Rats, Isoenzymes, chemistry, Biochemistry, Luminescent Measurements, biology.protein, Microsomes, Liver, Ciprofibrate, Lipid Peroxidation, medicine.drug
Abstract: Different fibrates (bezafibrate, ciprofibrate, clofibrate, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil) were investigated in comparison with their newly synthesized glycinate and glycinate-methylester derivatives. Interactions with the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system were studied by assessing binding to CYP and effects on CYP mediated monooxygenase functions in rat liver 9000 g supernatants, as measured by six model reactions for different CYP isoforms (ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation, pentoxyresorufin O-depentylation, p-nitrophenol-hydroxylation, ethylmorphine N-demethylation, lauric acid 11- or 12-hydroxylation). Possible prooxidant or antioxidant properties were investigated by the stimulated lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide production, and lucigenin and luminol amplified chemiluminescence using rat liver microsomes. Additionally, the influence on luminol amplified rat whole blood chemiluminescence was examined. All substances tested displayed binding to CYP. Effects on the monooxygenase model reactions were in general more distinct with the glycinates than with the parent compounds and most pronounced with the glycinate-methylester derivatives. The slightest effects on all model reactions were seen with clofibrate and its derivatives. On the whole, low antioxidative rather than prooxidative effects were observed. In general and with most model reactions, the antioxidative capacity of the glycinate and glycinate-methylester derivatives slightly exceeded that of the respective parent compounds. Summarizing the results it can be concluded that with respect to possible interactions with the CYP system in vivo and thus with the biotransformation of other concomitantly administered compounds no advantages of the glycinate or glycinate methylester derivatives over their parent fibrates are to be expected. Only the antioxidative capacity of the derivatives was somewhat higher than that of the parent substances, though most probably only of minor therapeutical relevance.
Published: 2003

15. [Photometric determination of iron contamination of drugs and biological matrices]

Author: A, Seeling, P, Wiecha, and H, Oelschläger
Subjects: Photometry, Solutions, Biological Factors, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Iron, Thioglycolates, Calibration, Indicators and Reagents, Reference Standards, Sulfuric Acids, Drug Contamination, Oxidation-Reduction, Polarography
Abstract: The Ph. Eur. detects colorimetrically the limiting value of iron by formation of a complex with thioglycolic acid in ammoniacal solution. This reaction was rechecked by experiments. Contrary to the literature a solvated Fe(II)-complex will be formed due to the reduction of Fe(III) by the present thioglycolic acid. A supposed oxidation of the Fe(II)-complex by atmospheric oxygen does not occur. For the routine determination of traces of iron in medicinal substances and biological matrixes a VIS-method was developed based on the measurement of the absorption of the complex at 534 nm in the range of 10-100 ppm after graded oxidative decomposition with conc. sulfuric acid/H2O2 30%. This assay needs a calibration mixture or in the case of a higher demand of accuracy a calibration curve with at least five measuring points. Because of the contamination of commercially available reagents a blank value must be determined.
Published: 2003

16. 35-Dinitrobenzoic acid anhydride as reagent for the characterization of drugs and for the activation of polarographically inactive compounds

Author: W, Köhler and H, Oelschläger
Subjects: Pharmaceutical Preparations, Pyridines, Nitrobenzoates, Indicators and Reagents, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Mercury, Electrodes, Catalysis, Anhydrides, Polarography
Abstract: Drugs with primary or secondary amino groups react with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid anhydride under catalysis of pyridine derivatives almost quantitatively to yield the corresponding amides which are reducible at the dropping mercury electrode (DME). 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid will be separated by thin layer chromatography. The limit of detection by DPP is in the range of 10(-8) M. The electrode reaction is irreversible.
Published: 2002

17. [Synthesis and pharmacologic action of chiral fomocaine ((4-[2-methyl-3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl)benzyl)-phenyl-ether and (4-(1-methyl-3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl]benzyl)-phenyl-ether). 13. Synthesis of new compounds with local anesthetic action]

Author: H, Oelschläger, P, Glassl, A, Seeling, J, Wange, M, Listing, and B, Jung
Subjects: Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Swine, Morpholines, Phenyl Ethers, Stereoisomerism, In Vitro Techniques, Mass Spectrometry, Biopharmaceutics, Lethal Dose 50, Microsomes, Liver, Animals, Indicators and Reagents, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Anesthetics, Local, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Ethers
Abstract: The syntheses of two chiral fomocaines namely rac ((4-[2-methyl-3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl]-benzyl)-phenyl-ether (O/G 3) and rac (4-[1-methyl-3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl]benzyl)-phenyl-ether) (O/G 5) are reported. These compounds are part of a new research program concerning the relation between chirality and local anaesthetic activity in the group of fomocaines. The yield over five steps is in the range of 9% (O/G 3) up to 19.2% (O/G 5). The racemates were resoluted via the diastereomeric salts formed with (+)- or (-)-camphersulfonic acid. The chromatographic resolution in analytical scale is successful using a Daicel OD-column. The enantiomers are stable. The surface anaesthesia of the racemates as well as of the enantiomeres is weaker in comparison with fomocaine. The rate of tissue irritation is higher. The LD50 (mouse i.v.) is in the range between 290-390 mg/kg, while fomocaine shows a LD50 value of 175 mg/kg.
Published: 2001

18. [Fomocaine from the chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic viewpoint: current status and overview]

Author: H, Oelschläger
Subjects: Structure-Activity Relationship, Phenyl Ethers, Humans, Anesthetics, Local
Published: 2001

19. [Physical chemical, pharmacological and toxicologic properties of fomocaine metabolites]

Author: A, Seeling, F, Leuschner, and H, Oelschläger
Subjects: Chemical Phenomena, Chemistry, Physical, Injections, Subcutaneous, Phenyl Ethers, Suppositories, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Skin Irritancy Tests, Injections, Intramuscular, Rats, Lethal Dose 50, Mice, Dogs, Injections, Intravenous, Toxicity Tests, Acute, Animals, Rabbits, Anesthetics, Local, Biotransformation
Abstract: Fomocaine (4-[3-(4-phenoxymethylphenyl)-propyl]-morpholine, CAS 17692-39-6) is a highly effective local anaesthetic of low toxicity. The drug, which causes no allergic response, was introduced in the German Extrapharmacopoeia (DAC). Fourteen metabolites are formed after oral administration to rat and beagle dog. Less than 5% fomocaine are excreted unchanged. The metabolites were synthesized and their physico-chemical properties were investigated. No metabolite caused a surface or conduction anaesthesia with the exception of 2-hydroxyfomocaine (O/Se 4). After topical and parenteral administration irritation could not be observed. All metabolites except O/Se 10 and O/Se 11 showed a lower toxicity than fomocaine. In both species O/Se 10 and O/Se 11 are formed only in a small amount and are detoxified by conjugation.
Published: 2001

20. [E-Z ratio and stability of halogenated benzylidene derivatives formed during the detection of glycine conjugates]

Author: H, Oelschläger, A, Seeling, M, Radman, and H, Bockhard
Subjects: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Benzaldehydes, Hippurates, Glycine, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Fluorescent Dyes
Abstract: The orange fluorescing spot formed during the detection of halogenated hippuric acids with 4-N,N-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde on TLC-plates consists of a E/Z-mixture of the corresponding benzyliden derivatives. Intermediates are the azlactones.
Published: 2000

21. [Important pharmaceutical-chemical characteristics of the central muscle relaxant chlormezanone]

Author: A, Seeling, H, Oelschläger, and D, Rothley
Subjects: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Muscle Relaxants, Central, Chlormezanone, Humans, Ultrafiltration, Stereoisomerism, Dialysis, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Serum Albumin, Protein Binding
Abstract: The enantinomers of chlormezanone (1) may be achieved by enantioselective HPLC separation with a yield of 98% using a OD-Daicel column. Both enantiomers bind to human serum albumin (HSA) at pH 7.4 to a range of 11-12%. Binding to the globuline fractions is much less (2-4%, equilibrium dialysis, validation by ultrafiltration). It could be demonstrated by means of 1H-NMR spectroscopy that 1 binds to HSA with the benzene ring as well as with the thiazanone ring. The velocity of racemization could be measured for the first time using a BSA column. The enantiomers undergo racemization at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C with a halflife of approx. 20.5 h.
Published: 2000

22. D

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. GoppeltStrübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Messinger, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef
Published: 1999
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23. S

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, C. Arras-Reiter, Andrea Bauer, Pia Bauer, Winfried Beil, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bossle, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Ellen Bretschneider, Regina Brigelius-Flohé, Kerstin Brinkmann, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Kurt Eger, Petra Eichhorn, Michael Engler, Thomas Erker, Peter Felfe, Alfred Fenyves, Reinhard Fescharek, Carmen Frackenpohl, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Volker Franke, Ulrich Franken, Detlef Geffken, Uli Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Peter Ndive Gobina, Werner Golder, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Katharina Götte, Erkme Gottstein, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Eberhard Heller, Dietrich von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Bernhard Hofmann, Christian Holpert, Ute Hübner-Steiner, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Hans Kemmler, Werner Kiefer, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, Hans-Peter Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, M. Krüger, Markus Kuhn, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Detlef Leopoldt, Georg Liedtke, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Frank Peter Meyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof, Manfred Moos, Rudolf Morgenstern, Klaus Müller, Walter E. Müller, Corina Nachtsheim, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Werner Neupert, Peter Nickel, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Rainer Pick, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Eberhard Reimann, Joachim Richter, Kai Riecke, Suzanne Ritter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gernot Roth, Gerhard Rücker, Judith Schäfer, Joachim G. Schantl, Helmut Schlager, Hildegard Schleinitz, Max Schmauß, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, B. Schneeweiß, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Johannes Schweiger, Gisela Skopp, Gisela Skorka, Kai Smolinka, Ulrich Speck, Ralf Stahlmann, Herbert Stein, Karlheinz Stiefvater, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Hubert Szelényi, Istvan Szelenyi, Alfred Täufel, Ruth Thieroff-Ekerdt, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Sabine Vogel, Franz-Josef Volk, Thomas Vorwerk, Jürgen Wallmann, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Beate Wüst, G. Zilow, and A. Kluge
Published: 1999
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24. A

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. GoppeltStrübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Messinger, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef
Published: 1999
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25. L

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, C. Arras-Reiter, Andrea Bauer, Pia Bauer, Winfried Beil, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bossle, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Ellen Bretschneider, Regina Brigelius-Flohé, Kerstin Brinkmann, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Kurt Eger, Petra Eichhorn, Michael Engler, Thomas Erker, Peter Felfe, Alfred Fenyves, Reinhard Fescharek, Carmen Frackenpohl, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Volker Franke, Ulrich Franken, Detlef Geffken, Uli Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Peter Ndive Gobina, Werner Golder, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Katharina Götte, Erkme Gottstein, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Eberhard Heller, Dietrich von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Bernhard Hofmann, Christian Holpert, Ute Hübner-Steiner, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Hans Kemmler, Werner Kiefer, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, Hans-Peter Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, M. Krüger, Markus Kuhn, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Detlef Leopoldt, Georg Liedtke, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Frank Peter Meyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof, Manfred Moos, Rudolf Morgenstern, Klaus Müller, Walter E. Müller, Corina Nachtsheim, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Werner Neupert, Peter Nickel, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Rainer Pick, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Eberhard Reimann, Joachim Richter, Kai Riecke, Suzanne Ritter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gernot Roth, Gerhard Rücker, Judith Schäfer, Joachim G. Schantl, Helmut Schlager, Hildegard Schleinitz, Max Schmauß, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, B. Schneeweiß, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Johannes Schweiger, Gisela Skopp, Gisela Skorka, Kai Smolinka, Ulrich Speck, Ralf Stahlmann, Herbert Stein, Karlheinz Stiefvater, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Hubert Szelényi, Istvan Szelenyi, Alfred Täufel, Ruth Thieroff-Ekerdt, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Sabine Vogel, Franz-Josef Volk, Thomas Vorwerk, Jürgen Wallmann, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Beate Wüst, G. Zilow, and A. Kluge
Published: 1999
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26. Q

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, C. Arras-Reiter, Andrea Bauer, Pia Bauer, Winfried Beil, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bossle, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Ellen Bretschneider, Regina Brigelius-Flohé, Kerstin Brinkmann, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Kurt Eger, Petra Eichhorn, Michael Engler, Thomas Erker, Peter Felfe, Alfred Fenyves, Reinhard Fescharek, Carmen Frackenpohl, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Volker Franke, Ulrich Franken, Detlef Geffken, Uli Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Peter Ndive Gobina, Werner Golder, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Katharina Götte, Erkme Gottstein, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Eberhard Heller, Dietrich von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Bernhard Hofmann, Christian Holpert, Ute Hübner-Steiner, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Hans Kemmler, Werner Kiefer, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, Hans-Peter Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, M. Krüger, Markus Kuhn, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Detlef Leopoldt, Georg Liedtke, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Frank Peter Meyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof, Manfred Moos, Rudolf Morgenstern, Klaus Müller, Walter E. Müller, Corina Nachtsheim, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Werner Neupert, Peter Nickel, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Rainer Pick, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Eberhard Reimann, Joachim Richter, Kai Riecke, Suzanne Ritter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gernot Roth, Gerhard Rücker, Judith Schäfer, Joachim G. Schantl, Helmut Schlager, Hildegard Schleinitz, Max Schmauß, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, B. Schneeweiß, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Johannes Schweiger, Gisela Skopp, Gisela Skorka, Kai Smolinka, Ulrich Speck, Ralf Stahlmann, Herbert Stein, Karlheinz Stiefvater, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Hubert Szelényi, Istvan Szelenyi, Alfred Täufel, Ruth Thieroff-Ekerdt, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Sabine Vogel, Franz-Josef Volk, Thomas Vorwerk, Jürgen Wallmann, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Beate Wüst, G. Zilow, and A. Kluge
Published: 1999
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27. H

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. GoppeltStrübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Messinger, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef
Published: 1999
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28. I

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. GoppeltStrübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Messinger, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef
Published: 1999
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29. C

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. GoppeltStrübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Messinger, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef
Published: 1999
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30. M

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, C. Arras-Reiter, Andrea Bauer, Pia Bauer, Winfried Beil, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bossle, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Ellen Bretschneider, Regina Brigelius-Flohé, Kerstin Brinkmann, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Kurt Eger, Petra Eichhorn, Michael Engler, Thomas Erker, Peter Felfe, Alfred Fenyves, Reinhard Fescharek, Carmen Frackenpohl, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Volker Franke, Ulrich Franken, Detlef Geffken, Uli Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Peter Ndive Gobina, Werner Golder, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Katharina Götte, Erkme Gottstein, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Eberhard Heller, Dietrich von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Bernhard Hofmann, Christian Holpert, Ute Hübner-Steiner, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Hans Kemmler, Werner Kiefer, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, Hans-Peter Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, M. Krüger, Markus Kuhn, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Detlef Leopoldt, Georg Liedtke, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Frank Peter Meyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof, Manfred Moos, Rudolf Morgenstern, Klaus Müller, Walter E. Müller, Corina Nachtsheim, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Werner Neupert, Peter Nickel, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Rainer Pick, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Eberhard Reimann, Joachim Richter, Kai Riecke, Suzanne Ritter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gernot Roth, Gerhard Rücker, Judith Schäfer, Joachim G. Schantl, Helmut Schlager, Hildegard Schleinitz, Max Schmauß, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, B. Schneeweiß, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Johannes Schweiger, Gisela Skopp, Gisela Skorka, Kai Smolinka, Ulrich Speck, Ralf Stahlmann, Herbert Stein, Karlheinz Stiefvater, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Hubert Szelényi, Istvan Szelenyi, Alfred Täufel, Ruth Thieroff-Ekerdt, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Sabine Vogel, Franz-Josef Volk, Thomas Vorwerk, Jürgen Wallmann, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Beate Wüst, G. Zilow, and A. Kluge
Published: 1999
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31. P

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, C. Arras-Reiter, Andrea Bauer, Pia Bauer, Winfried Beil, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bossle, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Ellen Bretschneider, Regina Brigelius-Flohé, Kerstin Brinkmann, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Kurt Eger, Petra Eichhorn, Michael Engler, Thomas Erker, Peter Felfe, Alfred Fenyves, Reinhard Fescharek, Carmen Frackenpohl, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Volker Franke, Ulrich Franken, Detlef Geffken, Uli Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Peter Ndive Gobina, Werner Golder, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Katharina Götte, Erkme Gottstein, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Eberhard Heller, Dietrich von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Bernhard Hofmann, Christian Holpert, Ute Hübner-Steiner, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Hans Kemmler, Werner Kiefer, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, Hans-Peter Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, M. Krüger, Markus Kuhn, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Detlef Leopoldt, Georg Liedtke, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Frank Peter Meyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof, Manfred Moos, Rudolf Morgenstern, Klaus Müller, Walter E. Müller, Corina Nachtsheim, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Werner Neupert, Peter Nickel, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Rainer Pick, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Eberhard Reimann, Joachim Richter, Kai Riecke, Suzanne Ritter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gernot Roth, Gerhard Rücker, Judith Schäfer, Joachim G. Schantl, Helmut Schlager, Hildegard Schleinitz, Max Schmauß, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, B. Schneeweiß, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Johannes Schweiger, Gisela Skopp, Gisela Skorka, Kai Smolinka, Ulrich Speck, Ralf Stahlmann, Herbert Stein, Karlheinz Stiefvater, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Hubert Szelényi, Istvan Szelenyi, Alfred Täufel, Ruth Thieroff-Ekerdt, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Sabine Vogel, Franz-Josef Volk, Thomas Vorwerk, Jürgen Wallmann, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Beate Wüst, G. Zilow, and A. Kluge
Published: 1999
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32. G

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. GoppeltStrübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Messinger, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef
Published: 1999
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33. O

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, C. Arras-Reiter, Andrea Bauer, Pia Bauer, Winfried Beil, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bossle, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Ellen Bretschneider, Regina Brigelius-Flohé, Kerstin Brinkmann, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Kurt Eger, Petra Eichhorn, Michael Engler, Thomas Erker, Peter Felfe, Alfred Fenyves, Reinhard Fescharek, Carmen Frackenpohl, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Volker Franke, Ulrich Franken, Detlef Geffken, Uli Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Peter Ndive Gobina, Werner Golder, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Katharina Götte, Erkme Gottstein, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Eberhard Heller, Dietrich von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Bernhard Hofmann, Christian Holpert, Ute Hübner-Steiner, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Hans Kemmler, Werner Kiefer, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, Hans-Peter Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, M. Krüger, Markus Kuhn, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Detlef Leopoldt, Georg Liedtke, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Frank Peter Meyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof, Manfred Moos, Rudolf Morgenstern, Klaus Müller, Walter E. Müller, Corina Nachtsheim, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Werner Neupert, Peter Nickel, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Rainer Pick, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Eberhard Reimann, Joachim Richter, Kai Riecke, Suzanne Ritter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gernot Roth, Gerhard Rücker, Judith Schäfer, Joachim G. Schantl, Helmut Schlager, Hildegard Schleinitz, Max Schmauß, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, B. Schneeweiß, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Johannes Schweiger, Gisela Skopp, Gisela Skorka, Kai Smolinka, Ulrich Speck, Ralf Stahlmann, Herbert Stein, Karlheinz Stiefvater, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Hubert Szelényi, Istvan Szelenyi, Alfred Täufel, Ruth Thieroff-Ekerdt, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Sabine Vogel, Franz-Josef Volk, Thomas Vorwerk, Jürgen Wallmann, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Beate Wüst, G. Zilow, and A. Kluge
Published: 1999
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34. R

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, C. Arras-Reiter, Andrea Bauer, Pia Bauer, Winfried Beil, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bossle, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Ellen Bretschneider, Regina Brigelius-Flohé, Kerstin Brinkmann, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Kurt Eger, Petra Eichhorn, Michael Engler, Thomas Erker, Peter Felfe, Alfred Fenyves, Reinhard Fescharek, Carmen Frackenpohl, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Volker Franke, Ulrich Franken, Detlef Geffken, Uli Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Peter Ndive Gobina, Werner Golder, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Katharina Götte, Erkme Gottstein, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Eberhard Heller, Dietrich von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Bernhard Hofmann, Christian Holpert, Ute Hübner-Steiner, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Hans Kemmler, Werner Kiefer, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, Hans-Peter Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, M. Krüger, Markus Kuhn, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Detlef Leopoldt, Georg Liedtke, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Frank Peter Meyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof, Manfred Moos, Rudolf Morgenstern, Klaus Müller, Walter E. Müller, Corina Nachtsheim, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Werner Neupert, Peter Nickel, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Rainer Pick, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Eberhard Reimann, Joachim Richter, Kai Riecke, Suzanne Ritter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gernot Roth, Gerhard Rücker, Judith Schäfer, Joachim G. Schantl, Helmut Schlager, Hildegard Schleinitz, Max Schmauß, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, B. Schneeweiß, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Johannes Schweiger, Gisela Skopp, Gisela Skorka, Kai Smolinka, Ulrich Speck, Ralf Stahlmann, Herbert Stein, Karlheinz Stiefvater, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Hubert Szelényi, Istvan Szelenyi, Alfred Täufel, Ruth Thieroff-Ekerdt, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Sabine Vogel, Franz-Josef Volk, Thomas Vorwerk, Jürgen Wallmann, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Beate Wüst, G. Zilow, and A. Kluge
Published: 1999
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35. U

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, C. Arras-Reiter, Andrea Bauer, Pia Bauer, Winfried Beil, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bossle, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Ellen Bretschneider, Regina Brigelius-Flohé, Kerstin Brinkmann, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Kurt Eger, Petra Eichhorn, Michael Engler, Thomas Erker, Peter Felfe, Alfred Fenyves, Reinhard Fescharek, Carmen Frackenpohl, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Volker Franke, Ulrich Franken, Detlef Geffken, Uli Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Peter Ndive Gobina, Werner Golder, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Katharina Götte, Erkme Gottstein, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Eberhard Heller, Dietrich von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Bernhard Hofmann, Christian Holpert, Ute Hübner-Steiner, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Hans Kemmler, Werner Kiefer, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, Hans-Peter Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, M. Krüger, Markus Kuhn, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Detlef Leopoldt, Georg Liedtke, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Frank Peter Meyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof, Manfred Moos, Rudolf Morgenstern, Klaus Müller, Walter E. Müller, Corina Nachtsheim, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Werner Neupert, Peter Nickel, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Rainer Pick, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Eberhard Reimann, Joachim Richter, Kai Riecke, Suzanne Ritter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gernot Roth, Gerhard Rücker, Judith Schäfer, Joachim G. Schantl, Helmut Schlager, Hildegard Schleinitz, Max Schmauß, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, B. Schneeweiß, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Johannes Schweiger, Gisela Skopp, Gisela Skorka, Kai Smolinka, Ulrich Speck, Ralf Stahlmann, Herbert Stein, Karlheinz Stiefvater, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Hubert Szelényi, Istvan Szelenyi, Alfred Täufel, Ruth Thieroff-Ekerdt, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Sabine Vogel, Franz-Josef Volk, Thomas Vorwerk, Jürgen Wallmann, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Beate Wüst, G. Zilow, and A. Kluge
Published: 1999
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36. N

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, C. Arras-Reiter, Andrea Bauer, Pia Bauer, Winfried Beil, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bossle, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Ellen Bretschneider, Regina Brigelius-Flohé, Kerstin Brinkmann, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Kurt Eger, Petra Eichhorn, Michael Engler, Thomas Erker, Peter Felfe, Alfred Fenyves, Reinhard Fescharek, Carmen Frackenpohl, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Volker Franke, Ulrich Franken, Detlef Geffken, Uli Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Peter Ndive Gobina, Werner Golder, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Katharina Götte, Erkme Gottstein, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Eberhard Heller, Dietrich von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Bernhard Hofmann, Christian Holpert, Ute Hübner-Steiner, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Hans Kemmler, Werner Kiefer, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, Hans-Peter Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, M. Krüger, Markus Kuhn, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Detlef Leopoldt, Georg Liedtke, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Frank Peter Meyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof, Manfred Moos, Rudolf Morgenstern, Klaus Müller, Walter E. Müller, Corina Nachtsheim, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Werner Neupert, Peter Nickel, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Rainer Pick, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Eberhard Reimann, Joachim Richter, Kai Riecke, Suzanne Ritter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gernot Roth, Gerhard Rücker, Judith Schäfer, Joachim G. Schantl, Helmut Schlager, Hildegard Schleinitz, Max Schmauß, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, B. Schneeweiß, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Johannes Schweiger, Gisela Skopp, Gisela Skorka, Kai Smolinka, Ulrich Speck, Ralf Stahlmann, Herbert Stein, Karlheinz Stiefvater, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Hubert Szelényi, Istvan Szelenyi, Alfred Täufel, Ruth Thieroff-Ekerdt, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Sabine Vogel, Franz-Josef Volk, Thomas Vorwerk, Jürgen Wallmann, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Beate Wüst, G. Zilow, and A. Kluge
Published: 1999
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37. Z

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, C. Arras-Reiter, Andrea Bauer, Pia Bauer, Winfried Beil, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bossle, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Ellen Bretschneider, Regina Brigelius-Flohé, Kerstin Brinkmann, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Kurt Eger, Petra Eichhorn, Michael Engler, Thomas Erker, Peter Felfe, Alfred Fenyves, Reinhard Fescharek, Carmen Frackenpohl, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Volker Franke, Ulrich Franken, Detlef Geffken, Uli Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Peter Ndive Gobina, Werner Golder, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Katharina Götte, Erkme Gottstein, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Eberhard Heller, Dietrich von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Bernhard Hofmann, Christian Holpert, Ute Hübner-Steiner, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Hans Kemmler, Werner Kiefer, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, Hans-Peter Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, M. Krüger, Markus Kuhn, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Detlef Leopoldt, Georg Liedtke, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Frank Peter Meyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof, Manfred Moos, Rudolf Morgenstern, Klaus Müller, Walter E. Müller, Corina Nachtsheim, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Werner Neupert, Peter Nickel, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Rainer Pick, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Eberhard Reimann, Joachim Richter, Kai Riecke, Suzanne Ritter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gernot Roth, Gerhard Rücker, Judith Schäfer, Joachim G. Schantl, Helmut Schlager, Hildegard Schleinitz, Max Schmauß, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, B. Schneeweiß, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Johannes Schweiger, Gisela Skopp, Gisela Skorka, Kai Smolinka, Ulrich Speck, Ralf Stahlmann, Herbert Stein, Karlheinz Stiefvater, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Hubert Szelényi, Istvan Szelenyi, Alfred Täufel, Ruth Thieroff-Ekerdt, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Sabine Vogel, Franz-Josef Volk, Thomas Vorwerk, Jürgen Wallmann, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Beate Wüst, G. Zilow, and A. Kluge
Published: 1999
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38. F

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. GoppeltStrübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Messinger, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef
Published: 1999
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39. T

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, C. Arras-Reiter, Andrea Bauer, Pia Bauer, Winfried Beil, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bossle, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Ellen Bretschneider, Regina Brigelius-Flohé, Kerstin Brinkmann, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Kurt Eger, Petra Eichhorn, Michael Engler, Thomas Erker, Peter Felfe, Alfred Fenyves, Reinhard Fescharek, Carmen Frackenpohl, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Volker Franke, Ulrich Franken, Detlef Geffken, Uli Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Peter Ndive Gobina, Werner Golder, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Katharina Götte, Erkme Gottstein, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Eberhard Heller, Dietrich von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Bernhard Hofmann, Christian Holpert, Ute Hübner-Steiner, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Hans Kemmler, Werner Kiefer, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, Hans-Peter Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, M. Krüger, Markus Kuhn, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Detlef Leopoldt, Georg Liedtke, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Frank Peter Meyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof, Manfred Moos, Rudolf Morgenstern, Klaus Müller, Walter E. Müller, Corina Nachtsheim, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Werner Neupert, Peter Nickel, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Rainer Pick, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Eberhard Reimann, Joachim Richter, Kai Riecke, Suzanne Ritter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gernot Roth, Gerhard Rücker, Judith Schäfer, Joachim G. Schantl, Helmut Schlager, Hildegard Schleinitz, Max Schmauß, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, B. Schneeweiß, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Johannes Schweiger, Gisela Skopp, Gisela Skorka, Kai Smolinka, Ulrich Speck, Ralf Stahlmann, Herbert Stein, Karlheinz Stiefvater, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Hubert Szelényi, Istvan Szelenyi, Alfred Täufel, Ruth Thieroff-Ekerdt, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Sabine Vogel, Franz-Josef Volk, Thomas Vorwerk, Jürgen Wallmann, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Beate Wüst, G. Zilow, and A. Kluge
Published: 1999
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40. B

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. GoppeltStrübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Messinger, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef
Published: 1999
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41. K

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. GoppeltStrübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Messinger, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef
Published: 1999
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42. X

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, C. Arras-Reiter, Andrea Bauer, Pia Bauer, Winfried Beil, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bossle, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Ellen Bretschneider, Regina Brigelius-Flohé, Kerstin Brinkmann, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Kurt Eger, Petra Eichhorn, Michael Engler, Thomas Erker, Peter Felfe, Alfred Fenyves, Reinhard Fescharek, Carmen Frackenpohl, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Volker Franke, Ulrich Franken, Detlef Geffken, Uli Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Peter Ndive Gobina, Werner Golder, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Katharina Götte, Erkme Gottstein, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Eberhard Heller, Dietrich von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Bernhard Hofmann, Christian Holpert, Ute Hübner-Steiner, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Hans Kemmler, Werner Kiefer, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, Hans-Peter Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, M. Krüger, Markus Kuhn, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Detlef Leopoldt, Georg Liedtke, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Frank Peter Meyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof, Manfred Moos, Rudolf Morgenstern, Klaus Müller, Walter E. Müller, Corina Nachtsheim, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Werner Neupert, Peter Nickel, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Rainer Pick, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Eberhard Reimann, Joachim Richter, Kai Riecke, Suzanne Ritter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gernot Roth, Gerhard Rücker, Judith Schäfer, Joachim G. Schantl, Helmut Schlager, Hildegard Schleinitz, Max Schmauß, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, B. Schneeweiß, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Johannes Schweiger, Gisela Skopp, Gisela Skorka, Kai Smolinka, Ulrich Speck, Ralf Stahlmann, Herbert Stein, Karlheinz Stiefvater, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Hubert Szelényi, Istvan Szelenyi, Alfred Täufel, Ruth Thieroff-Ekerdt, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Sabine Vogel, Franz-Josef Volk, Thomas Vorwerk, Jürgen Wallmann, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Beate Wüst, G. Zilow, and A. Kluge
Published: 1999
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43. V

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, C. Arras-Reiter, Andrea Bauer, Pia Bauer, Winfried Beil, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bossle, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Ellen Bretschneider, Regina Brigelius-Flohé, Kerstin Brinkmann, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Kurt Eger, Petra Eichhorn, Michael Engler, Thomas Erker, Peter Felfe, Alfred Fenyves, Reinhard Fescharek, Carmen Frackenpohl, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Volker Franke, Ulrich Franken, Detlef Geffken, Uli Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Peter Ndive Gobina, Werner Golder, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Katharina Götte, Erkme Gottstein, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Eberhard Heller, Dietrich von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Bernhard Hofmann, Christian Holpert, Ute Hübner-Steiner, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Hans Kemmler, Werner Kiefer, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, Hans-Peter Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, M. Krüger, Markus Kuhn, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Detlef Leopoldt, Georg Liedtke, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Frank Peter Meyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof, Manfred Moos, Rudolf Morgenstern, Klaus Müller, Walter E. Müller, Corina Nachtsheim, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Werner Neupert, Peter Nickel, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Rainer Pick, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Eberhard Reimann, Joachim Richter, Kai Riecke, Suzanne Ritter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gernot Roth, Gerhard Rücker, Judith Schäfer, Joachim G. Schantl, Helmut Schlager, Hildegard Schleinitz, Max Schmauß, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, B. Schneeweiß, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Johannes Schweiger, Gisela Skopp, Gisela Skorka, Kai Smolinka, Ulrich Speck, Ralf Stahlmann, Herbert Stein, Karlheinz Stiefvater, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Hubert Szelényi, Istvan Szelenyi, Alfred Täufel, Ruth Thieroff-Ekerdt, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Sabine Vogel, Franz-Josef Volk, Thomas Vorwerk, Jürgen Wallmann, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Beate Wüst, G. Zilow, and A. Kluge
Published: 1999
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44. Y

Author: Franz von Bruchhausen, Siegfried Ebel, Eberhard Hackenthal, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Margitta Albinus, Gudrun Amschler, Erwin von Angerer, C. Arras-Reiter, Andrea Bauer, Pia Bauer, Winfried Beil, Thorsten Beyrich, Katja Binder, Roswitha Böhme, Hans-Hubertus Borchert, Franz Bossle, Franz Bracher, Helmut Bräunlich, Ellen Bretschneider, Regina Brigelius-Flohé, Kerstin Brinkmann, Axel Büge, Wolfram Christ, Monika Cimbollek, Rolf Daniels, Gerd Dannhardt, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Kurt Eger, Petra Eichhorn, Michael Engler, Thomas Erker, Peter Felfe, Alfred Fenyves, Reinhard Fescharek, Carmen Frackenpohl, August Wilhelm Frahm, Margarete Frahm, Volker Franke, Ulrich Franken, Detlef Geffken, Uli Geis, Erika Glusa, Berthold Göber, Peter Ndive Gobina, Werner Golder, Margarete Goppelt-Strübe, Katharina Götte, Erkme Gottstein, Michael Grosam, Markus von Gruchalla, Michael Gütschow, Annette Häfner, Boris Haluszczynski, Achim Harder, Sabine Hartmann, Susanne Hartmann, Dieter Heber, Gerhard Heinemeyer, Eberhard Heller, Dietrich von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, Ute Hoffmann-Schollmayer, Bernhard Hofmann, Christian Holpert, Ute Hübner-Steiner, Elisabeth Inkmann, Jens Jürgens, Brigitte Kaiser, Dieter-Abbo Kalbhen, Hans Kemmler, Werner Kiefer, Christoph Klett, Stephanie Klett, Martin Klingmüller, Hans-Peter Klöcking, Gerd Kobal, Axel Kramer, Mareta Kreher, M. Krüger, Markus Kuhn, Marion Sylvia Lehner, Detlef Leopoldt, Georg Liedtke, Detlef Manns, Wolfgang Matthiessen, Andreas Maurer, Wolfgang Meindl, Klaus Menges, Paul Messinger, Frank Peter Meyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof, Manfred Moos, Rudolf Morgenstern, Klaus Müller, Walter E. Müller, Corina Nachtsheim, Tilo Netzer, Michael Neugebauer, Werner Neupert, Peter Nickel, Peter Nuhn, Bernd Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, Joachim Oertel, Michael Oettel, Hartmut Oßwald, Robert Ott, Tilmann Ott, Thomas Otzen, Peter Pachaly, Helmut Pelzer, Karl-Uwe Petersen, Rainer Pick, Martina Pickert, Andreas Pies, Eberhard Reimann, Joachim Richter, Kai Riecke, Suzanne Ritter, Hans Rommelspacher, Ulrich Rose, Gernot Roth, Gerhard Rücker, Judith Schäfer, Joachim G. Schantl, Helmut Schlager, Hildegard Schleinitz, Max Schmauß, Helmut Schmidhammer, Gerhard Schmidt, Timo Schmidt, B. Schneeweiß, Johannes Schräder, Thomas Schulz, Gert Schulze, Peter Schwanz, Johannes Schweiger, Gisela Skopp, Gisela Skorka, Kai Smolinka, Ulrich Speck, Ralf Stahlmann, Herbert Stein, Karlheinz Stiefvater, Karl-Heinz Surborg, Ulf Sürig, Hubert Szelényi, Istvan Szelenyi, Alfred Täufel, Ruth Thieroff-Ekerdt, Reinhard Troschütz, Michael Verborg, Eugen J. Verspohl, Sabine Vogel, Franz-Josef Volk, Thomas Vorwerk, Jürgen Wallmann, Martin Wenzel, Marion Weyandt-Spangenberg, Sandra Wich, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Frauke Woltmann, Beate Wüst, G. Zilow, and A. Kluge
Published: 1999
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45. Chromatographic resolution of ciprofibrate and interaction of the racemate and both enantiomers with rat liver microsomes in vitro

Author: D. Rothley, E. Karge, H. Oelschläger, Wolfgang Klinger, and H. Vogelsang
Subjects: Male, Neutrophils, Hexobarbital, In Vitro Techniques, Toxicology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Luminol, law.invention, Lipid peroxidation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Clofibric Acid, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Phagocytosis, law, medicine, Animals, Humans, Drug Interactions, Lucigenin, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Chemiluminescence, Hypolipidemic Agents, Respiratory Burst, chemistry.chemical_classification, Reactive oxygen species, Chromatography, Aniline Compounds, Fibric Acids, Stereoisomerism, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Hydrogen Peroxide, Ethylmorphine, Rats, chemistry, Microsome, Microsomes, Liver, Ciprofibrate, Reactive Oxygen Species, medicine.drug
Abstract: The enantiomers of ciprofibrate may be achieved by enantioselective HPLC separation of its methylesters using a OD - Daicel column. Ciprofibrates (racemate and both enantiomers) bind to oxidized cytochrome P-450 in rat liver microsomes according type II like aniline or most probably as inversed type I, but less pronounced and with a general shift to the left. Ethylmorphine N-demethylation, ethoxycoumarin and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation are all inhibited by the ciprofibrates, most effectively ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation by S(-)-ciprofibrate even in microM concentrations. Microsomal luminol and lucigenin amplified chemiluminescence indicating the formation of reactive oxygen species, microsomal hydrogen peroxide formation and NADPH/Fe stimulated lipid peroxidation were inhibited in a concentration dependent manner in concentration ranges between mM and microM. This might be due to distinct scavenger activities of all 3 compounds: the zymosan stimulated chemiluminescence of whole blood was completely inhibited in mM concentrations and influenced significantly down to concentrations of 10 microM, whereas burst and phagocytosis tests with human polynuclear leucocytes were not influenced.
Published: 1998

46. [Cleavage and biotransformation of the central muscle relaxant chlormezanone]

Author: H, Oelschläger, W, Klinger, D, Rothley, A, Seeling, H, Bockhard, B, Hofmann, H, Machts, H, Riederer, and H, Rackur
Subjects: Muscle Relaxants, Central, Chlormezanone, Humans, Biotransformation, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Half-Life
Abstract: Chlormezanone, a chiral centrally acting muscle relaxant, will be cleaved at its S-C-1 bond by an autoprotolytic process. The optimum of chemical stability exists between pH 2 up to pH 9 with a maximum at pH 7.4. The plasma half life at 37 degrees C is 76 h. Enzymes do attack the products of cleavage namely 4-chlorobenzaldehyde and 2-carboxyethane-sulfinic-acid-N-methyl-amide. The main metabolite in urine is 4-chlorohippuric acid in the range of up to 70% of the oral administered dose to humans. No cytochrome P-450 is engaged in the cleavage of the S-C-bond.
Published: 1998

47. Ontogenesis of the sperm whale brain

Author: H H, Oelschläger and B, Kemp
Subjects: Male, Smell, Auditory Pathways, Cranial Nerves, Pyramidal Tracts, Whales, Animals, Brain, Female, Visual Pathways
Abstract: The development of the sperm whale brain (Physeter macrocephalus) was investigated in 12 embryos and early fetuses to obtain a better understanding of the morphological and physiological adaptations in this most exotic cetacean concerning locomotion, deep diving, and orientation. In male adult sperm whales, the average absolute brain mass and the relative size of the telencephalic hemisphere are the largest within the mammalia, whereas the ratio of the brain mass to the total body mass is one of the smallest. In the early sperm whale fetus, the rostral part of the olfactory system (olfactory nerves and bulbs) is lost, whereas the nervus terminalis seems to persist. Several components of the limbic system show signs of regression (hippocampus, fornix, mamillary body). In contrast, some components of the auditory system (trapezoid body, inferior colliculus) show marked enlargement in the early fetal period, thereby reflecting their dominant position in the adult. The cerebellum and pons grow slower than in most smaller toothed whales. The pyramidal tract develops poorly (reduction of the limbs), whereas marked growth of the striatum and inferior olive may be related to the animal's locomotion via trunk and tail. In the early fetal period, the trigeminal, vestibulocochlear, and facial nerves are the dominant cranial nerves (besides the vagus nerve). Whereas the number of axons in the vestibulocochlear nerve is high in adult, toothed whales and their diameters are considerable, the trigeminal nerve of the sperm whale may be the thickest of all cranial nerves and has the largest number of axons (innervation of the huge forehead region). A similar situation seems to exist for the facial nerve: It innervates the blowhole musculature that surrounds the very large spermaceti organ and melon (generation and emission of sonar clicks).
Published: 1998

48. [Fast thin-layer densitometric determination of the nootropic piracetam in biological material]

Author: H, Bockhard, H, Oelschläger, and R, Pooth
Subjects: Adult, Male, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Piracetam, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Nootropic Agents, Densitometry
Abstract: After oral doses of piracetam this drug is detectable in serum as well as in urine after formation of the red Fe(III)-hydroxamatecomplex by thin-layer densitometry. Detection in serum requires extraction with a mixture of dichloromethane/ methanol, while urine can be used directly after dilution. The limit of quantification in urine is 100 micrograms/ml and in serum 4.0 micrograms/ml. The new method was validated by HPLC. The coefficient of correlation was 0.9999% for determination in urine and 0.9986% for determination in serum.
Published: 1997

49. [The pharmacokinetics of hypolipemic agents. 10. The dehalogenation of the hypolipemic agent ciprofibrate]

Author: H, Oelschläger, K H, Hellwich, and D, Rothley
Subjects: Adult, Male, Clofibric Acid, Fibric Acids, Humans, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Biotransformation, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Hypolipidemic Agents
Abstract: rac-2 described as a metabolite of rac-1 was synthesized in four steps starting with rac-3. Partial dehalogenation occurs with LiAlH4. A new structure assignment of the resulting stereoisomers resulted from NMR spectroscopy. After oral administration of rac-1 in multiple dose studies to volunteers, rac-2 could not be detected within the limitations of sensitivity of HPLC (UV-detector) in plasma or in urine.
Published: 1994

50. [Frankfurt shift. 2. The intramolecular of N-oxides of tertiary cycloalkylamines to lactams (Frankfurt shift)]

Author: H, Oelschläger and W, Schmidt
Subjects: Cyclic N-Oxides, Lactams, Piperidines, Animals, Biotransformation, Rats
Abstract: The basis knowledge of the Frankfurt shift could be extended by experiments on the kinetic isotopic effect, an experiment with incubation in 18O2-atmosphere and a shift with 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-piperidine-N-oxide (4). Furthermore the shift was established in a whole animal experiment (rat).
Published: 1994

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