Search

The study carried out of Aliji Formation (Late Paleocene) for selected wells in three oil fields Kirkuk, Bai Hassan and Jambur The thickness of formations in the studied wells area (K-229) 172m, (BH-96) 57m,and (JM-55) 52m. Lithological, Aliji Formation composed of limestone, marly limestone and shally limeston brown light –dark colour. The recognized microfacies where division to three main microfacies, Planktonic foraminiferal Lime Mudstone microfacies, Planktonic Foraminiferal Lime Wackstone microfacies and Planktonic Foraminiferal Lime Packstone microfacies. The Formation deposited in deep bathyal environment at (FZ1, FZ2, FZ3) (Toe of slope, Deep shelf, Deep sea) as indicated on the constract sedimentary model.

A field experiments were conducted at Belbeis, Sharkia governorate, to evaluate the economic impact of irrigating green bean plants with agricultural drainage water remedied with DHS technology. The obtained results showed that agricultural drainage water is reused in Egypt, where it provides about 15% of the country's irrigation needs. The costs of remediating one cubic metre of agricultural drainage water with the DHS technology totaled LE 1.03, and the amounts of remediated agricultural drainage water used to irrigate green beans grown in a soil ecosystem remediated with either microorganisms or clay minerals was reduced by 50% and 28.6% of their treasury, respectively. The net return per feddan under irrigation with remediated agricultural drainage water reached 261 percent over its counterpart irrigated with non-remediated agricultural drainage water, and the cost of each ton produced decreased under irrigation with remediated agricultural drainage water to LE 35,720. This represents 83 % more for plants grown in non-remediated soil ecosystem and irrigated with non-remediated agricultural drainage water.

Evaluating residual lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels in food products, especially milk, is critical for product safety and quality. In this purview, the current study aims to determine Pb and Cd concentrations in milk using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and compare their values with international standards. In addition, it aims to remove these metals from milk samples using low-cost, naturally occurring materials, such as bentonite, date pit, and chitosan nanoparticles. The ability of potential adsorbents was also investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Moreover, their impact on milk’s nutritional properties was considered. The results revealed that most milk samples contained Pb and Cd, with mean values of 0.237 ± 0.179 and 0.041 ± 0.036 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the three possible adsorbents demonstrated high sequestering ability due to their existing functional groups; the adsorption capacity of bentonite to Pb and Cd was 84 and 88%, date pit was 97 and 93%, and chitosan nanoparticles were 82 and 98%, respectively, with no discernible change in milk nutritional contents. In conclusion, the bentonite, date pit, and chitosan nanoparticles were found to be significantly effective and safe in removing hazardous trace elements (Pb and Cd) from contaminated milk. Graphical abstract

Naringenin (NRG) is one of the most important naturally occurring flavonoids, predominantly found in some edible fruits, such as citrus species and tomatoes. It has several biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiadipogenic, and cardioprotective effects. The heavy metal lead is toxic and triggers oxidative stress, which causes toxicity in many organs, including the liver and brain. This study explored the potential protective role of NRG in hepato- and neurotoxicity caused by lead acetate in rats. Four groups of ten male albino rats were included: group 1 was a control, group 2 was orally treated with lead acetate (LA) at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW, group 3 was treated with naringenin (NRG) at a dose of 50 mg/kg BW, and group 4 was treated with 500 mg/kg LA and 50 mg/kg NRG for 4 weeks. Then, blood was taken, the rats were euthanized, and liver and brain tissues were collected. The findings revealed that LA exposure induced hepatotoxicity with a significant increase in liver function markers (p < 0.05). In addition, albumin and total protein (TP) and the albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio) (p < 0.05) were markedly lowered, whereas the serum globulin level (p > 0.05) was unaltered. LA also induced oxidative damage, demonstrated by a significant increase in malonaldehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05), together with a pronounced antioxidant system reduction (SOD, CAT, and GSH) (p < 0.05) in both liver and brain tissues. Inflammation of the liver and brain caused by LA was indicated by increased levels of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) and caspase-3, (p < 0.05), and the levels of B-cell lymphocyte-2 (BCL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (p < 0.05) were decreased. Brain tissue damage induced by LA toxicity was demonstrated by the downregulation of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and creatine kinase (CK-BB) (p < 0.05). Additionally, the liver and brain of LA-treated rats displayed notable histopathological damage. In conclusion, NRG has potential hepato- and neuroprotective effects against lead acetate toxicity. However, additional research is needed in order to propose naringenin as a potential protective agent against renal and cardiac toxicity mediated by lead acetate.

Studies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America are needed to provide a comprehensive picture of the global incidence of celiac disease (CD).To describe the serology, endoscopic and histological findings in typical and atypical presentations of pediatric CD at a tertiary referral hospital in an African low/middle income country (LMIC).This observational study was conducted on 199 patients with CD from 2010 to 2019. The patients were divided into typical and atypical groups according to the presenting symptoms including 120 and 79 patients respectively. Serology, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with duodenal biopsy were performed for patients who had symptoms suggestive of CD. The severity of the intestinal damage was graded according to the histo-pathologic Marsh-Oberhuber classification.Chronic diarrhea was the main intestinal presentation in the typical group. Anemia was the most common extraintestinal symptom in both the typical and atypical group. Marsh-Oberhuber type 3b and 3c was significantly higher in the seropositive patients with aAlthough typical CD was observed in 120 patients in this study, the clinical variability of the condition was frequently observed. Age only was a significant predictor for the appearance of atypical CD. Therefore, CD presentations in LMIC are not different from industrialized countries.

Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is the gold standard for imaging coronary arteries and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has undergone remarkable progress in the diagnosis of CAD.To evaluate the effect of prior vs no previous coronary interventions on the diagnostic accuracy of CCTA as an alternative to ICA to improve health outcomes for patients with suspected CAD.A prospective cohort study was carried out among patients suspected of CAD and for evaluation of grafts and stents to investigate recurrent ischemic symptoms. 120 patients imaged by CCTA were then referred to ICA, which is considered the gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of CCTA were assessed relative to ICA.Based on a per-patient analysis, the comparison with ICA reveals variations in sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of CCTA. In patients without any previous coronary interventions, the sensitivity was 97.8%, and specificity was 95.6%. The PPV and NPV were 97.8% and 95.5%, respectively. Regarding patients with coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG), the sensitivity was 95% and specificity 100%. The PPV and NPV were 100% and 90.9%, respectively. Regarding patients with prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the results were a sensitivity of 84.6%, specificity of 77.8%, PPV of 84.6% and NPV of 77.8%.CCTA is a powerful diagnostic tool, especially for the evaluation of the major coronary arteries and evaluation of patients with prior CABG. ICA is recommended for evaluation of patients with an intracoronary stent.

IntroductionUniversal health coverage highlights palliative care as an essential component of health services. However, it is unclear what constitutes person-centered care in populations affected by conflict, as they may have specific concerns in the dimensions of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual wellbeing. This study aimed to identify what matters to patients with advanced cancer and family caregivers in Jordan including refugees, to inform appropriate person-centered assessment and palliative care in conflict-affected populations.MethodsCross-sectional face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted at two sites in Amman. Adult patients with advanced cancer and family caregivers were purposively sampled to maximize diversity and representation. Interviews were digitally audio recorded, anonymized, and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis.FindingsFour themes were generated from 50 patients (22 refugees; 28 Jordanians) and 20 caregivers (7 refugees; 13 Jordanians) (1). Information, communication, and decision-making. Truth-telling and full disclosure from clinicians was valued, and participants expressed concerns that information was not shared in case patients would disengage with treatment. (2) Priorities and concerns for care and support. Participants’ top priority remained cure and recovery (which was viewed as possible). Other priorities included returning to their “normal” life and their “own” country, and to continue contributing to their family. (3) Role of spirituality and Islam. Most participants had strong faith in God and felt that having faith could comfort them. For refugees whose social network was fractured due to being away from home country, prayer and Quran reading became particularly important. (4) Unmet support needs of family caregivers. Family caregivers were affected physically and emotionally by worrying about and caring for the patients. They needed support and training, but often could not access this.DiscussionTruth-telling is highly valued and essential to achieving person-centered care and informed decision-making. This study also reveals specific concerns in conflict-affected populations, reflecting the experience of prior losses and fracturing of existing social networks and support. The role of religion is crucial in supporting refugee communities, and consideration should be paid to the needs of patients and caregivers when caring for a patient at home without access to their communities of origin and the support they accessed.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an international health concern. The C-X-C chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) functions as a scavenging cell surface receptor. Vitamin D3 has vital effects on inflammat...

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are highly toxic mycotoxin metabolites that are found as food pollutants, posing health risks to humans and animals. The objective of the current study is to establish a sensitive, reliable method for determining AFM1 and OTA using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and attempting to assess the efficacy of bentonite, date pit, and chitosan nanoparticles for AFM1 and OTA detoxification from contaminated milk. As revealed, AFM1 was found in 65.7% of analyzed samples ranging from 4.5 to 502 ng/L, while 25.7% of examined samples contained OTA ranging from 1.45 to 301 ng/L. Furthermore, for AFM1 and OTA. The advanced procedure was thoroughly validated by evaluating linearity (R2 > 0.999), LOD (0.9615 and 0.654 ng/L), and LOQ (2.8846 and 1.963 ng/L), recovery (93–95% and 87–91%), as well as precision (≤ 1%RSD). The experimental data revealed a higher removal efficiency of bentonite and date pit than chitosan nanoparticles in the case of AFM1 (68%, 56%, and 12%) and OTA (64%, 52%, and 10%), respectively with slight change in nutritional milk components like fat, protein, and lactose. Eventually, it is concluded that bentonite and date pit can be considered efficient adsorbing agents to extract AFM1 and OTA from contaminated milk.

Background Patient safety culture is an essential factor in the decreasing of medical errors and development of the institutions. This study was conducted to determine to what extent the selected variables, including age, weekly working hours, years of experience, burnout, turnover intention, workload, and job satisfaction, predict perceived patient safety culture among emergency nurses in Jordanian hospitals. Methods A cross-sectional design with convenience sampling approach was used. A total of 157 emergency nurses from governmental and public hospitals were participated in the study and completed the study's survey: Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (PSC), Copenhagen Burnout Inventory–Student Survey (CBI–SS), NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), Nursing Workplace Satisfaction Questionnaire (NWSQ) and turnover intention scale (TIS). Results The results showed that there was a negative relationship found between nurses’ age and PSC perception (r = −.166, P = .039), personal burnout and PSC (r = −.160, P = .048), and there was also a negative relationship between turnover intentions and perceived PSC (r = −.334, P = .000). The results from the regression model indicated that turnover intentions, reporting patient safety events, and the number of events reported predicted PSC. The results showed that R2 = .29, adjusted R2 = .287, F(6,141) = 9.45, P Conclusion Our results suggests that nurses’ managers may pay attention to decreasing burnout and analyze turnover intention among nurses in order to improve the culture of patient safety.

To date, many Arab countries within the Middle East are facing political, financial, and social instability from war and conflicts. These conflicts have led to severe resources shortages and sometimes complete breakdowns in cancer care and diagnosis. Cancer diagnosis at early stages is the most vital step in achieving optimal cancer care and outcomes. Shortages in cancer diagnostic services have meant that many people within areas of conflict are ultimately deprived of these services in their own countries. Therefore, many of these cancer sufferers must bear travel expenses to neighboring countries in order to seek these services. A lack of prevention, screening, and diagnostic services for this population is known to deepen the cancer care deficit within these areas. Additionally, the financial burden of traveling abroad alongside the need to secure childcare and time off work can be overwhelming. As a result, patients within areas of conflict are frequently diagnosed at later stages and are less likely to receive optimal management plans. Though conflict-affected regions encounter many similar challenges in delivering quality cancer care, pronounced region-specific differences do exist. Therefore, it is important to build a roadmap that can provide tailored solutions to deficits in instruments, manpower, and facilities for each and every region involved. Keeping in mind the importance of collaboration and coordination on national and international levels to address the ground disparity in cancer diagnostic services, the main objective of this review article is to examine the significant problems, shortages, and difficulties in providing cancer diagnosis with a focus on imaging to conflict-affected populations in the Middle East (mainly Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and Sudan). Finally, we discuss how access to cancer diagnostic imaging services has been impacted by these conflicts.

The Winchcombe meteorite is a CM chondrite breccia composed of eight distinct lithological units plus a cataclastic matrix. The degree of aqueous alteration varies between intensely altered CM2.0 and moderately altered CM2.6. Although no lithology dominates, three heavily altered rock types (CM2.1–2.3) represent >70 area%. Tochilinite–cronstedtite intergrowths (TCIs) are common in several lithologies. Their compositions can vary significantly, even within a single lithology, which can prevent a clear assessment of alteration extent if only TCI composition is considered. We suggest that this is due to early alteration under localized geochemical microenvironments creating a diversity of compositions and because later reprocessing was incomplete, leaving a record of the parent body's fluid history. In Winchcombe, the fragments of primary accretionary rock are held within a cataclastic matrix (~15 area%). This material is impact-derived fallback debris. Its grain size and texture suggest that the disruption of the original parent asteroid responded by intergranular fracture at grain sizes

The present study aims to investigate the effects of replacing corn oil content (10%) in the standard diet of hypercholesterolemic rats (fed standard diet + 2% cholesterol for 4 weeks) with 50, 75 and 100% levels of flaxseed oil on the body weight gain, organ weight, blood glucose, liver and kidney functions and lipid profile. Data showed that 2% cholesterol administration caused significant increase in glucose, ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, triglyceride, total lipids, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL levels in serum of hypercholesterolemic rats. Body weight gain and organ weight also significantly increased as compared to control rats. Consumption flaxseed oil at different replacement level diets by hypercholesterolemic rats resulted in significant decrease in body weight gain, organ weight and lipid parameters except HDL which decrease as compared to hypercholesterolemic rats fed standard diet. Blood glucose level, liver functions and kidney functions were also improved. Key words: Flaxseed oil, hypercholesterolemic rats, lipid profile, liver functions, kidney functions REFERENCES Al-Bishri, W.M. 2013. Favorable effects of flaxseed supplemented diet on liver and kidney functions in hypertensive rats. Journal of Oleo Science, 62: 709-715. Allian C., Poon L., Richmond W., Fu P. 1974. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin Chem, 20: 470-475. Anwar M., Meki A. 2003. Oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: effects of garlic oil and melatonin. Comparative Biochem Physiol, 135: 539-547. Barakat, L.A.A., Mahmoud, R.H. 2011. The antiatherogenic, renal protective and immunomodulatory effects of purslane, pumpkin and flax seeds on hypercholesterolemic rats. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 3: 351-357. Barcelo-Coblijn, G., Murphy, E.J. 2009. Alpha-linolenic acid and its conversion to longer chain n-3 fatty acids: benefits for human health and a role in maintaining tissue n-3 fatty acid levels. Progress in Lipid Research, 48:355-374. Barham, D., Trinder, P. 1972. Quantitative enzymatic colorimetric determination of uric acid in serum, plasma or urine. Analyst, 97: 142-145. Burstein, M., Scholnik, H., Morfin, R. 1970. Rapid method for the isolation of lipoproteins from human serum by precipitation with polyphenols. J lipid Res, 11: 583-595. Chapman, D.G., Castilla, R., Campbell, J.A. 1959. Evaluation of protein in foods: 1. A method for the determination of protein efficiency ratios. Canadian J. of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37: 679-686. Cohen S., Moore A., Ward W. 2005. Flaxseed oil and inflammation –associated bone abnormalities in interleukin 10 Knockout mice. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 16: 368-374. Drury, R.A., Wallington, E.A. 1980. Carton’s Histological Technique, 5th Ed., Oxford Univ. London, U.K. EL-Sahar, E.G.E., Abed EL- Rahman, A.M.M. 2014. Study on the biological effect of use flaxseed oil as a source of fat on the Biomarkers of experimental rats. Journal of American Science, 10: 116-123. El-Sayed, H.H., Darwish A.H., Ysein, E.M., Zehairy G.D. 2014. Biochemical and biological study on the effect of flaxseed on rats Suffer from nephropathy. Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 8: 59-66. FadlAlla, E.A.S., Owiss, N.A., Seddik, A.A., Galal, S.M. 2014. Hypolipidemic, antioxidant and renal protective effect of seeds mixture rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in rats. Life Science Journal, 11: 866-877. Faulkner, N.R., King, J.W. 1976. Fundamental of Clinical Chemistry, 2nd Ed., Tietz Editor, Saunders Philadelphia, U.S.A, pp: 994-998. Fernandez, I., Pallaro, A.N., Slobodianik, N.H. 2007. Comparative study between two different sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and it effect on thymus and lipid profile in rats. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición, 57: 146-154. Hayssement, T. U. 1977. Determination of alkaline phosphatase. Clinica Chimica Acta, 35: 271-273. Hussein, S.A., El-Senosi, Y.A., Ragab, M.R., Hammad M.M.F. 2014. Beneficial effect of flaxseed oil on lipid metabolism in high cholesterol diet fed rats. Banha Veterinary Medical Journal, 27: 290‐301. Lecumberri, E., Goya, L., Mateos, R., Alia, M., Ramos, S., Izquierdo-Pulido, M., Brvo, L. 2007. A diet rich in dietary fiber from cocoa improves lipid profile and reduced malondialdehyde in hypercholesterolemic rats. Nutrition 23: 332-341. Lee, R., Nieman, D. 1996. Nutritional Assessment. 2nd Ed. Mosby, Missouri, USA. Likhodii, S.S., Musa, K., Mendonca, A., Dell, C., Burnham, W.M., Cunnane, S.C. 2000. Dietary Fat, Ketosis, and Seizure Resistance in Rats on the Ketogenic Diet. Epilepsia, 41: 1400-1410 Patton, C. J., Crouch, S. R. 1977. Enzymatic colorimetric method for determination of urea in serum. Anal. Chem., 49: 464-469. Prasad, K. 2000. Flaxseed: a source of hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic agents. Drug News Perspect, 13: 99-102. Rahman, M.M., Pharm, B., Pharm, M., Mazid, M.A., Islam, S.N. 2014. Hypercholesterolemic effects of fish and vegetable oils on the serum lipid profile of experimentally induced hypercholesterolemic rats. European Scientific Journal, 10:476-482. Rangrej, V., Shah, V., Patel, J., Ganorkar, P.M. 2015. Effect of shortening replacement with flaxseed oil on physical, sensory, fatty acid and storage characteristics of cookies. J Food Sci Technol, 52: 3694-3700. Rasmy, G. E. 2007. Protective Effect of Linseed Oil on Hyperlipidemia in Experimental Animals. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 5: 9-17. Reeves, P.G.,Nielsen, F.H., Fahey, G.C. Jr. 1993. AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. Journal of Nutrition, 123:1939-1951. Reitman, S., Frankel, S. 1957. Determination, of alanine aminotranspherase and aspartate aminotranspherase. Amer. J. of Clin. Path., 28: 57-63. Schermer, S. 1967. The Blood Morphology of Laboratory Animals. Green and Co., Ltd., Longmans, pp: 350-355. Shah, P.K., Kaul, S., Nilsson J., Cercek, B. 2001. Exploiting the vascular protective effects of high density lipoprotein and its apolipo proteins: an idea whose time for testing is coming. Circulation, 104: 2376-2383. Trinder, P. 1969. Enzymatic determination of glucose. Ann. Clin. Biochem., 6: 24-29. Tzang, B.S., Yang, S.F., Fu, S.G., Yang, H.C., Sun, H.L., Chen, Y.C. 2009. Effects of dietary flaxseed oil on cholesterol metabolism of hamsters. Food Chemistry, 114:1450-1455. Wahlefeld, A.W. 1974. Enzymatic Determination of Triglycerides. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. 5th HU. Bergmeyer, Ed. Academic Press, New York, USA, pp: 1831-1835. Zollner N., Kirsch K. 1962. Microdetermination of lipids by the Sulphophospho vanillin reaction. Z Ges Exp Med, 135: 545-561. &nbsp

Wheat flour was treated with α-amylase at 5, 7.5 and 10 ppm levels to prepare betifore-type cookies. The rheological properties of dough and sensory properties of betifore were evaluated. Physical properties of betifore prepared with 7.5 ppm α-amylase were also evaluated. Water absorption of dough was not affected by treating wheat flour with α-amylase. Dough stability, (P) value, (P/L) ratio and (W) value were decreased by treating wheat flour with α-amylase, whereas the (L) value showed an opposite trend. Treating wheat flour with 7.5 ppm α-amylase reduced (W) value from 229×10-4 to 149×10-4 joule. This value indicated that the wheat flour is more suitable for betifore making. Betifores prepared with 7.5 ppm α-amylase had higher mean scores for all sensory properties, spread ratio and spread factor than the control. Key words: Wheat flour, α-amylase, Mixolab, Alveograph, Farinograph, Betifore. References AACC 2000. Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. St. Paul, MN, USA Al-Dmoor, H.M. 2013. Cake flour: Functionality and quality (review). European Scientific Journal, 9: 166-180. Barrera, G.N., Perez, T.G., Ribotta, P.D., Leon A.E. 2007. Influence of damaged starch on cookie and bread-making quality. European Food Research and Technology, 225: 1 –7. Belderok, B.2000. Developments in bread-making processes.Plant Foods for Human Nutrition,55: 1-39. Caballero, P.A., Gomez, M., Rosell, C.M. 2007. Improvement of dough rheology, bread quality and bread shelf-life by enzyme combination. Journal of Food Engineering, 81: 42–53. Cauvain, S., Young, L. 2006. Ingredients and their influences. In Cauvain S. and L. Young (eds.) Baked Products. Science, Technology and Practice. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, pp: 72-98. Chopin Applications Laboratory 2009. Mixolab Applications Handbook, Rheological and Enzymatic Analysis: The Mixolab System: the complete analyzer for research and quality control, Garenne – France, pp: 7-14. Curik, D., Karlovic, D., Tusak. D., Petrovic, B., Dugum J. 2001. Gluten as a standard of wheat flour quality. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 39: 353–361. Elkhalifa, A.E.O., El-Tinay A.H. 2002. Effect of cysteine on bakery products from wheat–sorghum blends. Food Chemistry, 77: 133–137. Goesaert, H., Brijs, K., Veraverbeke, W.S., Courtin, C.M., Gebruers, K., Delcour, J.A. 2005. Wheat flour constituents: how they impact bread quality, and how to impact their functionality. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 16: 12–30. Goesaert, H., Slade, L., Levine, H., Delcour, J.A. 2009. Amylases and bread firming – an integrated view. Journal of Cereal Science, 50: 345–352. Haros, M., Ferrer, A., Rosell, C.M. 2006. Rheological behaviour of whole wheat flour, IUFOST 13th World Congress of Food Science and Technology, Nantes, France, pp: 1139-1148. Hassan, A.A., Mansour, E.H., ElBedawey, A.A., Zaki, M.S. 2014. Improving dough rheology and cookie quality by protease enzyme. American Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Research, 1: 1-7. Inrani, D. and Venkateseara Rao G. 2006. Effect of additives on rheological characteristics and quality of wheat. Journal of Texture Studies, 37: 315–338. Iuliana, B., Georgeta, S., Violeta, I. 2008. Improvement of dough rheology and bread quality by enzymes combination. Bulletin UASVM Agriculture, 65: 194- 199. Kahraman, K.,Sakıyan, O.Ozturk, S.,Koksel,H., Sumnu, G.Dubat, A. 2008. Utilization of Mixolab®to predict the suitability of flours in terms of cake quality. European Food Research and Technology, 227: 565-570. Khalil, A.H., Mansour, E.H., Dawoud, F.M. 2000. Influence of malt on rheological and baking properties of wheat-cassava composite flours. LWT – Food Science and Technology, 33: 159-164. Koksel, H., Kahraman, K., Sanal, T., Ozay, D.S., Dubat, A. 2009. Potential utilization of Mixolab for quality evaluation of bread wheat genotypes. Cereal chemistry, 86: 522-526. Mansour, E.H., Khalil A.H., El-Soukkary, F.A. 2003. Production of low-fat cookies and their nutritional and metabolic effects in rats. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 58: 1–14. Ozturk, S., Kahraman, K., Tiftik, B., Koksel, H. 2008. Predicting the cookie quality of flours by using Mixolab®. European Food Research and Technology, 227: 1549-1554. Pedersen, L., Kaack, K., Bergsǿe, M.N., Adler-Nissen J. 2004. Rheological properties of biscuit dough from different cultivars and relationship to baking characteristics. Journal of Cereal Science, 39: 37–46. Synowiecki, J. 2007. The Use of Starch Processing Enzymes in the Food Industry. In J. Polaina and A.P. MacCabe (eds.), Industrial Enzymes. Structure, Function and Applications, Dordrecht, Springer, pp: 19-34. &nbsp

This paper reflects on the mobility experiences of women in African cities in COVID-19, based on research conducted both prior to and following entry into the COVID-19 ‘moment’. It draws on material collected during an ongoing action research study aimed at addressing the everyday transport and mobility challenges faced by young women living in poor peripheral communities of three African cities – Abuja, Cape Town and Tunis. The project has the specific objective of supporting young women's improved access to employment opportunities through trialling various mobility/transport-related skills interventions (based on prior in-depth analysis of mobility constraints). With the onset of COVID-19 some readjustments to the research focus and planned interventions became necessary. The research teams, together with an NGO partner, are now working to chart how young women's everyday experiences of mobility and transport - both as transport users and as transport sector workers - are changing as processes of lockdown and their relaxation evolve. The paper covers the period from early 2019 through to March 2021, and offers reflections regarding ‘lived experiences’ of mobility practice pre-pandemic, during the pandemic, and the potential longer-term mobility-related impacts for women resident in low-income neighbourhoods in a post-COVID-19 era. This leads to consideration of key policy lessons. There is potential for prioritisation of Non-Motorised Transport interventions towards a green restart that would benefit women (for instance through promoting women's cycling), and for growing women's participation as transport operators, even perhaps the usage of drones to aid women's safer pedestrian travel. But such interventions will require far greater representation of women in COVID-19 and wider transport decision-making entities than has hitherto been the case.

This paper discusses the characteristics of the Cockerell device for wave power extraction. A system consists of one pontoon contoured wave and solitary wave vas considered. The effect of both on atheoretically vas pontoons characteristics on the extracted power investigated. Curves are presented showing the variation of the extracted power with time during wave propagation for various values length, pontoons and flow of Froude number, head of undisturbed flow and pontoons length, whils the pontoons thickness and material specific gravity have a neligible effect on the extracted power.

In-place analysis for offshore platforms is essentially required to ensure the structural integrity of platform components under extreme environmental conditions. The pile soil interaction is of gr...