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1,964 results on '"H. Kraus"'

1. DoubleTES detectors to investigate the CRESST low energy background: results from above-ground prototypes

Author

G. Angloher, S. Banik, G. Benato, A. Bento, A. Bertolini, R. Breier, C. Bucci, J. Burkhart, L. Canonica, A. D’Addabbo, S. Di Lorenzo, L. Einfalt, A. Erb, F. v. Feilitzsch, S. Fichtinger, D. Fuchs, A. Garai, V. M. Ghete, P. Gorla, P. V. Guillaumon, S. Gupta, D. Hauff, M. Ješkovský, J. Jochum, M. Kaznacheeva, A. Kinast, H. Kluck, H. Kraus, S. Kuckuk, A. Langenkämper, M. Mancuso, L. Marini, B. Mauri, L. Meyer, V. Mokina, M. Olmi, T. Ortmann, C. Pagliarone, L. Pattavina, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, P. Povinec, F. Pröbst, F. Pucci, F. Reindl, J. Rothe, K. Schäffner, J. Schieck, S. Schönert, C. Schwertner, M. Stahlberg, L. Stodolsky, C. Strandhagen, R. Strauss, I. Usherov, F. Wagner, V. Wagner, V. Zema, and GRAPES-3 Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract In recent times, the sensitivity of low-mass direct dark matter searches has been limited by unknown low energy backgrounds close to the energy threshold of the experiments known as the low energy excess (LEE). The CRESST experiment utilises advanced cryogenic detectors constructed with different types of crystals equipped with Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) to measure signals of nuclear recoils induced by the scattering of dark matter particles in the detector. In CRESST, this low energy background manifests itself as a steeply rising population of events below 200 eV. A novel detector design named doubleTES using two identical TESs on the target crystal was studied to investigate the hypothesis that the events are sensor-related. We present the first results from two such modules, demonstrating their ability to differentiate between events originating from the crystal’s bulk and those occurring in the sensor or in its close proximity.

Published
2024
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2. A likelihood framework for cryogenic scintillating calorimeters used in the CRESST dark matter search

Author

CRESST Collaboration, G. Angloher, S. Banik, G. Benato, A. Bento, A. Bertolini, R. Breier, C. Bucci, J. Burkhart, L. Canonica, A. D’Addabbo, S. Di Lorenzo, L. Einfalt, A. Erb, F. v. Feilitzsch, S. Fichtinger, D. Fuchs, A. Garai, V. M. Ghete, P. Gorla, P. V. Guillaumon, S. Gupta, D. Hauff, M. Ješkovský, J. Jochum, M. Kaznacheeva, A. Kinast, H. Kluck, H. Kraus, S. Kuckuk, A. Langenkämper, M. Mancuso, L. Marini, B. Mauri, L. Meyer, V. Mokina, M. Olmi, T. Ortmann, C. Pagliarone, L. Pattavina, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, P. Povinec, F. Pröbst, F. Pucci, F. Reindl, J. Rothe, K. Schäffner, J. Schieck, D. Schmiedmayer, S. Schönert, C. Schwertner, M. Stahlberg, L. Stodolsky, C. Strandhagen, R. Strauss, I. Usherov, F. Wagner, V. Wagner, and V. Zema

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Cryogenic scintillating calorimeters are ultra- sensitive particle detectors for rare event searches, particularly for the search for dark matter and the measurement of neutrino properties. These detectors are made from scintillating target crystals generating two signals for each particle interaction. The phonon (heat) signal precisely measures the deposited energy independent of the type of interacting particle. The scintillation light signal yields particle discrimination on an event-by-event basis. This paper presents a likelihood framework modeling backgrounds and a potential dark matter signal in the two-dimensional plane spanned by phonon and scintillation light energies. We apply the framework to data from CaWO $$_4$$ 4 -based detectors operated in the CRESST dark matter search. For the first time, a single likelihood framework is used in CRESST to model the data and extract results on dark matter in one step by using a profile likelihood ratio test. Our framework simultaneously fits (neutron) calibration data and physics (background) data and allows combining data from multiple detectors. Although tailored to CaWO $$_4$$ 4 -targets and the CRESST experiment, the framework can easily be expanded to other materials and experiments using scintillating cryogenic calorimeters for dark matter search and neutrino physics.

Published
2024
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3. Light dark matter search using a diamond cryogenic detector

Author

CRESST Collaboration, G. Angloher, S. Banik, G. Benato, A. Bento, A. Bertolini, R. Breier, C. Bucci, J. Burkhart, L. Canonica, A. D’Addabbo, S. Di Lorenzo, L. Einfalt, A. Erb, F. v. Feilitzsch, S. Fichtinger, D. Fuchs, A. Garai, V. M. Ghete, P. Gorla, P. V. Guillaumon, S. Gupta, D. Hauff, M. Jes̆kovský, J. Jochum, M. Kaznacheeva, A. Kinast, H. Kluck, H. Kraus, S. Kuckuk, A. Langenkämper, M. Mancuso, L. Marini, B. Mauri, L. Meyer, V. Mokina, M. Olmi, T. Ortmann, C. Pagliarone, L. Pattavina, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, P. Povinec, F. Pröbst, F. Pucci, F. Reindl, J. Rothe, K. Schäffner, J. Schieck, S. Schönert, C. Schwertner, M. Stahlberg, L. Stodolsky, C. Strandhagen, R. Strauss, I. Usherov, F. Wagner, M. Willers, and V. Zema

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Diamond operated as a cryogenic calorimeter is an excellent target for direct detection of low-mass dark matter candidates. Following the realization of the first low-threshold cryogenic detector that uses diamond as absorber for astroparticle physics applications, we now present the resulting exclusion limits on the elastic spin-independent interaction cross-section of dark matter with diamond. We measured two 0.175 g CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) diamond samples, each instrumented with a Transition Edge Sensor made of Tungsten (W-TES). Thanks to the energy threshold of just 16.8 eV of one of the two detectors, we set exclusion limits on the elastic spin-independent interaction of dark matter particles with carbon nuclei down to dark matter masses as low as 0.122 GeV/c $$^2$$ 2 . This work shows the scientific potential of cryogenic detectors made from diamond and lays the foundation for the use of this material as target for direct detection dark matter experiments.

Published
2024
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4. Probing spin-dependent dark matter interactions with $$^6$$ 6 Li

Author

G. Angloher, G. Benato, A. Bento, E. Bertoldo, A. Bertolini, R. Breier, C. Bucci, L. Canonica, A. D’Addabbo, S. Di Lorenzo, L. Einfalt, A. Erb, F. v. Feilitzsch, N. Ferreiro Iachellini, S. Fichtinger, D. Fuchs, A. Fuss, A. Garai, V. M. Ghete, P. Gorla, S. Gupta, D. Hauff, M. Ješkovský, J. Jochum, M. Kaznacheeva, A. Kinast, H. Kluck, H. Kraus, A. Langenkämper, M. Mancuso, L. Marini, V. Mokina, A. Nilima, M. Olmi, T. Ortmann, C. Pagliarone, V. Palušová, L. Pattavina, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, P. Povinec, F. Pröbst, F. Pucci, F. Reindl, J. Rothe, K. Schäffner, J. Schieck, D. Schmiedmayer, S. Schönert, C. Schwertner, M. Stahlberg, L. Stodolsky, C. Strandhagen, R. Strauss, I. Usherov, F. Wagner, M. Willers, and V. Zema

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract CRESST is one of the most prominent direct detection experiments for dark matter particles with sub-GeV/c $$^2$$ 2 mass. One of the advantages of the CRESST experiment is the possibility to include a large variety of nuclides in the target material used to probe dark matter interactions. In this work, we discuss in particular the interactions of dark matter particles with protons and neutrons of $$^{6}$$ 6 Li. This is now possible thanks to new calculations on nuclear matrix elements of this specific isotope of Li. To show the potential of using this particular nuclide for probing dark matter interactions, we used the data collected previously by a CRESST prototype based on LiAlO $$_2$$ 2 and operated in an above ground test-facility at Max-Planck-Institut für Physik in Munich, Germany. In particular, the inclusion of $$^{6}$$ 6 Li in the limit calculation drastically improves the result obtained for spin-dependent interactions with neutrons in the whole mass range. The improvement is significant, greater than two order of magnitude for dark matter masses below 1 GeV/c $$^2$$ 2 , compared to the limit previously published with the same data.

Published
2022
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5. Erratum to: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author

D. S. Akerib, C. W. Akerlof, D. Yu. Akimov, A. Alquahtani, S. K. Alsum, T. J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H. M. Araújo, A. Arbuckle, J. E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, H. Auyeung, S. Aviles, X. Bai, A. J. Bailey, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, M. J. Barry, D. Bauer, P. Bauer, A. Baxter, J. Belle, P. Beltrame, J. Bensinger, T. Benson, E. P. Bernard, A. Bernstein, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. J. Birch, B. Birrittella, K. E. Boast, A. I. Bolozdynya, E. M. Boulton, B. Boxer, R. Bramante, S. Branson, P. Brás, M. Breidenbach, C. A. J. Brew, J. H. Buckley, V. V. Bugaev, R. Bunker, S. Burdin, J. K. Busenitz, R. Cabrita, J. S. Campbell, C. Carels, D. L. Carlsmith, B. Carlson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, J. J. Cherwinka, A. A. Chiller, C. Chiller, N. I. Chott, A. Cole, J. Coleman, D. Colling, R. A. Conley, A. Cottle, R. Coughlen, G. Cox, W. W. Craddock, D. Curran, A. Currie, J. E. Cutter, J. P. da Cunha, C. E. Dahl, S. Dardin, S. Dasu, J. Davis, T. J. R. Davison, L. de Viveiros, N. Decheine, A. Dobi, J. E. Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, A. Dushkin, T. K. Edberg, W. R. Edwards, B. N. Edwards, J. Edwards, M. M. Elnimr, W. T. Emmet, S. R. Eriksen, C. H. Faham, A. Fan, S. Fayer, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, I. M. Fogarty Florang, P. Ford, V. B. Francis, E. D. Fraser, F. Froborg, T. Fruth, R. J. Gaitskell, N. J. Gantos, D. Garcia, V. M. Gehman, R. Gelfand, J. Genovesi, R. M. Gerhard, C. Ghag, E. Gibson, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, B. Gomber, T. G. Gonda, A. Greenall, S. Greenwood, G. Gregerson, M. G. D. van der Grinten, C. B. Gwilliam, C. R. Hall, D. Hamilton, S. Hans, K. Hanzel, T. Harrington, A. Harrison, J. Harrison, C. Hasselkus, S. J. Haselschwardt, D. Hemer, S. A. Hertel, J. Heise, S. Hillbrand, O. Hitchcock, C. Hjemfelt, M. D. Hoff, B. Holbrook, E. Holtom, J. Y-K. Hor, M. Horn, D. Q. Huang, T. W. Hurteau, C. M. Ignarra, M. N. Irving, R. G. Jacobsen, O. Jahangir, S. N. Jeffery, W. Ji, M. Johnson, J. Johnson, P. Johnson, W. G. Jones, A. C. Kaboth, A. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, V. Kasey, K. Kazkaz, J. Keefner, D. Khaitan, M. Khaleeq, A. Khazov, A. V. Khromov, I. Khurana, Y. D. Kim, W. T. Kim, C. D. Kocher, D. Kodroff, A. M. Konovalov, L. Korley, E. V. Korolkova, M. Koyuncu, J. Kras, H. Kraus, S. W. Kravitz, H. J. Krebs, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, V. A. Kudryavtsev, A. V. Kumpan, S. Kyre, A. R. Lambert, B. Landerud, N. A. Larsen, A. Laundrie, E. A. Leason, H. S. Lee, J. Lee, C. Lee, B. G. Lenardo, D. S. Leonard, R. Leonard, K. T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Li, Y. Liu, J. Liao, F.-T. Liao, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W. H. Lippincott, R. Liu, X. Liu, C. Loniewski, M. I. Lopes, E. Lopez-Asamar, B. López Paredes, W. Lorenzon, D. Lucero, S. Luitz, J. M. Lyle, C. Lynch, P. A. Majewski, J. Makkinje, D. C. Malling, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R. L. Mannino, N. Marangou, D. J. Markley, P. MarrLaundrie, T. J. Martin, M. F. Marzioni, C. Maupin, C. T. McConnell, D. N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, D.-M. Mei, Y. Meng, E. H. Miller, Z. J. Minaker, E. Mizrachi, J. Mock, D. Molash, A. Monte, M. E. Monzani, J. A. Morad, E. Morrison, B. J. Mount, A. St. J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, C. Nehrkorn, H. N. Nelson, J. Nesbit, F. Neves, J. A. Nikkel, J. A. Nikoleyczik, A. Nilima, J. O’Dell, H. Oh, F. G. O’Neill, K. O’Sullivan, I. Olcina, M. A. Olevitch, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, L. Oxborough, A. Pagac, D. Pagenkopf, S. Pal, K. J. Palladino, V. M. Palmaccio, J. Palmer, M. Pangilinan, N. Parveen, S. J. Patton, E. K. Pease, B. P. Penning, G. Pereira, C. Pereira, I. B. Peterson, A. Piepke, S. Pierson, S. Powell, R. M. Preece, K. Pushkin, Y. Qie, M. Racine, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Reichenbacher, L. Reichhart, C. A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, G. R. C. Rischbieter, J. P. Rodrigues, H. J. Rose, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, R. Rucinski, G. Rutherford, J. S. Saba, L. Sabarots, D. Santone, M. Sarychev, A. B. M. R. Sazzad, R. W. Schnee, M. Schubnell, P. R. Scovell, M. Severson, D. Seymour, S. Shaw, G. W. Shutt, T. A. Shutt, J. J. Silk, C. Silva, K. Skarpaas, W. Skulski, A. R. Smith, R. J. Smith, R. E. Smith, J. So, M. Solmaz, V. N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, V. V. Sosnovtsev, I. Stancu, M. R. Stark, S. Stephenson, N. Stern, A. Stevens, T. M. Stiegler, K. Stifter, R. Studley, T. J. Sumner, K. Sundarnath, P. Sutcliffe, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, M. Tan, W. C. Taylor, R. Taylor, D. J. Taylor, D. Temples, B. P. Tennyson, P. A. Terman, K. J. Thomas, J. A. Thomson, D. R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W. H. To, A. Tomás, T. E. Tope, M. Tripathi, D. R. Tronstad, C. E. Tull, W. Turner, L. Tvrznikova, M. Utes, U. Utku, S. Uvarov, J. Va’vra, A. Vacheret, A. Vaitkus, J. R. Verbus, T. Vietanen, E. Voirin, C. O. Vuosalo, S. Walcott, W. L. Waldron, K. Walker, J. J. Wang, R. Wang, L. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, J. R. Watson, J. Migneault, S. Weatherly, R. C. Webb, W.-Z. Wei, M. While, R. G. White, J. T. White, D. T. White, T. J. Whitis, W. J. Wisniewski, K. Wilson, M. S. Witherell, F. L. H. Wolfs, J. D. Wolfs, D. Woodward, S. D. Worm, X. Xiang, Q. Xiao, J. Xu, M. Yeh, J. Yin, I. Young, C. Zhang, and P. Zarzhitsky

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Published
2022
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6. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author

D. S. Akerib, C. W. Akerlof, D. Yu. Akimov, A. Alquahtani, S. K. Alsum, T. J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H. M. Araújo, A. Arbuckle, J. E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, H. Auyeung, S. Aviles, X. Bai, A. J. Bailey, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, M. J. Barry, D. Bauer, P. Bauer, A. Baxter, J. Belle, P. Beltrame, J. Bensinger, T. Benson, E. P. Bernard, A. Bernstein, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. J. Birch, B. Birrittella, K. E. Boast, A. I. Bolozdynya, E. M. Boulton, B. Boxer, R. Bramante, S. Branson, P. Brás, M. Breidenbach, C. A. J. Brew, J. H. Buckley, V. V. Bugaev, R. Bunker, S. Burdin, J. K. Busenitz, R. Cabrita, J. S. Campbell, C. Carels, D. L. Carlsmith, B. Carlson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, J. J. Cherwinka, A. A. Chiller, C. Chiller, N. I. Chott, A. Cole, J. Coleman, D. Colling, R. A. Conley, A. Cottle, R. Coughlen, G. Cox, W. W. Craddock, D. Curran, A. Currie, J. E. Cutter, J. P. da Cunha, C. E. Dahl, S. Dardin, S. Dasu, J. Davis, T. J. R. Davison, L. de Viveiros, N. Decheine, A. Dobi, J. E. Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, A. Dushkin, T. K. Edberg, W. R. Edwards, B. N. Edwards, J. Edwards, M. M. Elnimr, W. T. Emmet, S. R. Eriksen, C. H. Faham, A. Fan, S. Fayer, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, I. M. Fogarty Florang, P. Ford, V. B. Francis, E. D. Fraser, F. Froborg, T. Fruth, R. J. Gaitskell, N. J. Gantos, D. Garcia, V. M. Gehman, R. Gelfand, J. Genovesi, R. M. Gerhard, C. Ghag, E. Gibson, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, B. Gomber, T. G. Gonda, A. Greenall, S. Greenwood, G. Gregerson, M. G. D. van der Grinten, C. B. Gwilliam, C. R. Hall, D. Hamilton, S. Hans, K. Hanzel, T. Harrington, A. Harrison, J. Harrison, C. Hasselkus, S. J. Haselschwardt, D. Hemer, S. A. Hertel, J. Heise, S. Hillbrand, O. Hitchcock, C. Hjemfelt, M. D. Hoff, B. Holbrook, E. Holtom, J. Y-K. Hor, M. Horn, D. Q. Huang, T. W. Hurteau, C. M. Ignarra, M. N. Irving, R. G. Jacobsen, O. Jahangir, S. N. Jeffery, W. Ji, M. Johnson, J. Johnson, P. Johnson, W. G. Jones, A. C. Kaboth, A. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, V. Kasey, K. Kazkaz, J. Keefner, D. Khaitan, M. Khaleeq, A. Khazov, A. V. Khromov, I. Khurana, Y. D. Kim, W. T. Kim, C. D. Kocher, D. Kodroff, A. M. Konovalov, L. Korley, E. V. Korolkova, M. Koyuncu, J. Kras, H. Kraus, S. W. Kravitz, H. J. Krebs, L. Kreczko, B. Krikler, V. A. Kudryavtsev, A. V. Kumpan, S. Kyre, A. R. Lambert, B. Landerud, N. A. Larsen, A. Laundrie, E. A. Leason, H. S. Lee, J. Lee, C. Lee, B. G. Lenardo, D. S. Leonard, R. Leonard, K. T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Li, Y. Liu, J. Liao, F.-T. Liao, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W. H. Lippincott, R. Liu, X. Liu, C. Loniewski, M. I. Lopes, E. Lopez-Asamar, B. López Paredes, W. Lorenzon, D. Lucero, S. Luitz, J. M. Lyle, C. Lynch, P. A. Majewski, J. Makkinje, D. C. Malling, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R. L. Mannino, N. Marangou, D. J. Markley, P. MarrLaundrie, T. J. Martin, M. F. Marzioni, C. Maupin, C. T. McConnell, D. N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, D.-M. Mei, Y. Meng, E. H. Miller, Z. J. Minaker, E. Mizrachi, J. Mock, D. Molash, A. Monte, M. E. Monzani, J. A. Morad, E. Morrison, B. J. Mount, A. St. J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, C. Nehrkorn, H. N. Nelson, J. Nesbit, F. Neves, J. A. Nikkel, J. A. Nikoleyczik, A. Nilima, J. O’Dell, H. Oh, F. G. O’Neill, K. O’Sullivan, I. Olcina, M. A. Olevitch, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, L. Oxborough, A. Pagac, D. Pagenkopf, S. Pal, K. J. Palladino, V. M. Palmaccio, J. Palmer, M. Pangilinan, N. Parveen, S. J. Patton, E. K. Pease, B. P. Penning, G. Pereira, C. Pereira, I. B. Peterson, A. Piepke, S. Pierson, S. Powell, R. M. Preece, K. Pushkin, Y. Qie, M. Racine, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Reichenbacher, L. Reichhart, C. A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, G. R. C. Rischbieter, J. P. Rodrigues, H. J. Rose, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, R. Rucinski, G. Rutherford, J. S. Saba, L. Sabarots, D. Santone, M. Sarychev, A. B. M. R. Sazzad, R. W. Schnee, M. Schubnell, P. R. Scovell, M. Severson, D. Seymour, S. Shaw, G. W. Shutt, T. A. Shutt, J. J. Silk, C. Silva, K. Skarpaas, W. Skulski, A. R. Smith, R. J. Smith, R. E. Smith, J. So, M. Solmaz, V. N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, V. V. Sosnovtsev, I. Stancu, M. R. Stark, S. Stephenson, N. Stern, A. Stevens, T. M. Stiegler, K. Stifter, R. Studley, T. J. Sumner, K. Sundarnath, P. Sutcliffe, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, M. Tan, W. C. Taylor, R. Taylor, D. J. Taylor, D. Temples, B. P. Tennyson, P. A. Terman, K. J. Thomas, J. A. Thomson, D. R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W. H. To, A. Tomás, T. E. Tope, M. Tripathi, D. R. Tronstad, C. E. Tull, W. Turner, L. Tvrznikova, M. Utes, U. Utku, S. Uvarov, J. Va’vra, A. Vacheret, A. Vaitkus, J. R. Verbus, T. Vietanen, E. Voirin, C. O. Vuosalo, S. Walcott, W. L. Waldron, K. Walker, J. J. Wang, R. Wang, L. Wang, W. Wang, Y. Wang, J. R. Watson, J. Migneault, S. Weatherly, R. C. Webb, W.-Z. Wei, M. While, R. G. White, J. T. White, D. T. White, T. J. Whitis, W. J. Wisniewski, K. Wilson, M. S. Witherell, F. L. H. Wolfs, J. D. Wolfs, D. Woodward, S. D. Worm, X. Xiang, Q. Xiao, J. Xu, M. Yeh, J. Yin, I. Young, C. Zhang, and P. Zarzhitsky

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a second-generation direct dark matter experiment with spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering sensitivity above $${1.4 \times 10^{-48}}\, {\hbox {cm}}^{2}$$ 1.4 × 10 - 48 cm 2 for a WIMP mass of $${40}\, \hbox {GeV}/{\hbox {c}}^{2}$$ 40 GeV / c 2 and a $${1000}\, \hbox {days}$$ 1000 days exposure. LZ achieves this sensitivity through a combination of a large $${5.6}\, \hbox {t}$$ 5.6 t fiducial volume, active inner and outer veto systems, and radio-pure construction using materials with inherently low radioactivity content. The LZ collaboration performed an extensive radioassay campaign over a period of six years to inform material selection for construction and provide an input to the experimental background model against which any possible signal excess may be evaluated. The campaign and its results are described in this paper. We present assays of dust and radon daughters depositing on the surface of components as well as cleanliness controls necessary to maintain background expectations through detector construction and assembly. Finally, examples from the campaign to highlight fixed contaminant radioassays for the LZ photomultiplier tubes, quality control and quality assurance procedures through fabrication, radon emanation measurements of major sub-systems, and bespoke detector systems to assay scintillator are presented.

Published
2020
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7. Cryogenic characterization of a $$\hbox {LiAlO}_{2}$$ LiAlO 2 crystal and new results on spin-dependent dark matter interactions with ordinary matter

Author

A. H. Abdelhameed, G. Angloher, P. Bauer, A. Bento, E. Bertoldo, R. Breier, C. Bucci, L. Canonica, A. D’Addabbo, S. Di Lorenzo, A. Erb, F. V. Feilitzsch, N. Ferreiro Iachellini, S. Fichtinger, D. Fuchs, A. Fuss, V. M. Ghete, A. Garai, P. Gorla, D. Hauff, M. Ješkovský, J. Jochum, J. Kaizer, M. Kaznacheeva, A. Kinast, H. Kluck, H. Kraus, A. Langenkämper, M. Mancuso, V. Mokina, E. Mondragon, M. Olmi, T. Ortmann, C. Pagliarone, V. Palušová, L. Pattavina, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, P. Povinec, F. Pröbst, F. Reindl, J. Rothe, K. Schäffner, J. Schieck, V. Schipperges, D. Schmiedmayer, S. Schönert, C. Schwertner, M. Stahlberg, L. Stodolsky, C. Strandhagen, R. Strauss, I. Usherov, F. Wagner, M. Willers, V. Zema, J. Zeman, M. Brützam, and S. Ganschow

Subjects
Dark matter, Cryogenics, Spin-dependent, Lithium, Neutrons, Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract In this work, a first cryogenic characterization of a scintillating $$\hbox {LiAlO}_{2}$$ LiAlO 2 single crystal is presented. The results achieved show that this material holds great potential as a target for direct dark matter search experiments. Three different detector modules obtained from one crystal grown at the Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung (IKZ) have been tested to study different properties at cryogenic temperatures. Firstly, two 2.8 g twin crystals were used to build different detector modules which were operated in an above-ground laboratory at the Max Planck Institute for Physics (MPP) in Munich, Germany. The first detector module was used to study the scintillation properties of $$\hbox {LiAlO}_{2}$$ LiAlO 2 at cryogenic temperatures. The second achieved an energy threshold of ( $$213.02\pm 1.48$$ 213.02 ± 1.48 ) eV which allows setting a competitive limit on the spin-dependent dark matter particle-proton scattering cross section for dark matter particle masses between $$350\,\hbox {MeV/c}^{2}$$ 350 MeV/c 2 and $$1.50\,\hbox {GeV/c}^{2}$$ 1.50 GeV/c 2 . Secondly, a detector module with a 373 g $$\hbox {LiAlO}_{2}$$ LiAlO 2 crystal as the main absorber was tested in an underground facility at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS): from this measurement it was possible to determine the radiopurity of the crystal and study the feasibility of using this material as a neutron flux monitor for low-background experiments.

Published
2020
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8. Geant4-based electromagnetic background model for the CRESST dark matter experiment

Author

A. H. Abdelhameed, G. Angloher, P. Bauer, A. Bento, E. Bertoldo, R. Breier, C. Bucci, L. Canonica, A. D’Addabbo, S. Di Lorenzo, A. Erb, F. v. Feilitzsch, N. Ferreiro Iachellini, S. Fichtinger, A. Fuss, P. Gorla, D. Hauff, M. Jes̆kovský, J. Jochum, J. Kaizer, A. Kinast, H. Kluck, H. Kraus, A. Langenkämper, M. Mancuso, V. Mokina, E. Mondragón, M. Olmi, T. Ortmann, C. Pagliarone, V. Palus̆ová, L. Pattavina, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, P. Povinec, F. Pröbst, F. Reindl, J. Rothe, K. Schäffner, J. Schieck, V. Schipperges, D. Schmiedmayer, S. Schönert, C. Schwertner, M. Stahlberg, L. Stodolsky, C. Strandhagen, R. Strauss, C. Türkoğlu, I. Usherov, M. Willers, V. Zema, and J. Zeman

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The CRESST (Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers) dark matter search experiment aims for the detection of dark matter particles via elastic scattering off nuclei in $$\mathrm {CaWO_4}$$ CaWO4 crystals. To understand the CRESST electromagnetic background due to the bulk contamination in the employed materials, a model based on Monte Carlo simulations was developed using the Geant4 simulation toolkit. The results of the simulation are applied to the TUM40 detector module of CRESST-II phase 2. We are able to explain up to $$(68 \pm 16)\,\mathrm {\%}$$ (68±16)% of the electromagnetic background in the energy range between 1 and $$40\,\mathrm {keV}$$ 40keV .

Published
2019
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9. First results on sub-GeV spin-dependent dark matter interactions with $$^{7}$$ 7 Li

Author

A. H. Abdelhameed, G. Angloher, P. Bauer, A. Bento, E. Bertoldo, C. Bucci, L. Canonica, A. D’Addabbo, X. Defay, S. Di Lorenzo, A. Erb, F. v. Feilitzsch, N. Ferreiro Iachellini, S. Fichtinger, A. Fuss, P. Gorla, D. Hauff, J. Jochum, A. Kinast, H. Kluck, H. Kraus, A. Langenkämper, M. Mancuso, V. Mokina, E. Mondragon, A. Münster, M. Olmi, T. Ortmann, C. Pagliarone, L. Pattavina, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, F. Pröbst, F. Reindl, J. Rothe, K. Schäffner, J. Schieck, V. Schipperges, D. Schmiedmayer, S. Schönert, C. Schwertner, M. Stahlberg, L. Stodolsky, C. Strandhagen, R. Strauss, C. Türkoğlu, I. Usherov, M. Willers, V. Zema, (THE CRESST Collaboration), M. Chapellier, A. Giuliani, C. Nones, D. V. Poda, V. N. Shlegel, M. Velázquez, and A. S. Zolotarova

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract In this work, we want to highlight the potential of lithium as a target for spin-dependent dark matter search in cryogenic experiments, with a special focus on the low-mass region of the parameter space. We operated a prototype detector module based on a $$\hbox {Li}_2\hbox {MoO}_4$$ Li2MoO4 target crystal in an above-ground laboratory. Despite the high background environment, the detector sets a competitive limit on spin-dependent interactions of dark matter particles with protons and neutrons for masses between $$0.8~\hbox {GeV/c}^2$$ 0.8GeV/c2 and $$1.5~\hbox {GeV/c}^2$$ 1.5GeV/c2 .

Published
2019
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10. Limits on dark matter effective field theory parameters with CRESST-II

Author

G. Angloher, P. Bauer, A. Bento, E. Bertoldo, C. Bucci, L. Canonica, A. D’Addabbo, X. Defay, S. Di Lorenzo, A. Erb, F. v. Feilitzsch, N. Ferreiro Iachellini, P. Gorla, D. Hauff, J. Jochum, M. Kiefer, H. Kluck, H. Kraus, A. Langenkämper, M. Mancuso, V. Mokina, E. Mondragon, V. Morgalyuk, A. Münster, M. Olmi, C. Pagliarone, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, F. Pröbst, F. Reindl, J. Rothe, K. Schäffner, J. Schieck, V. Schipperges, S. Schönert, M. Stahlberg, L. Stodolsky, C. Strandhagen, R. Strauss, C. Türkoglu, I. Usherov, M. Willers, M. Wüstrich, V. Zema, The CRESST Collaboration, and R. Catena

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract CRESST is a direct dark matter search experiment, aiming for an observation of nuclear recoils induced by the interaction of dark matter particles with cryogenic scintillating calcium tungstate crystals. Instead of confining ourselves to standard spin-independent and spin-dependent searches, we re-analyze data from CRESST-II using a more general effective field theory (EFT) framework. On many of the EFT coupling constants, improved exclusion limits in the low-mass region (< 3–4 GeV/$$c^2$$ c2 ) are presented.

Published
2019
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11. Development of $$^{100}\hbox {Mo}$$ 100 Mo -containing scintillating bolometers for a high-sensitivity neutrinoless double-beta decay search

Author

E. Armengaud, C. Augier, A. S. Barabash, J. W. Beeman, T. B. Bekker, F. Bellini, A. Benoît, L. Bergé, T. Bergmann, J. Billard, R. S. Boiko, A. Broniatowski, V. Brudanin, P. Camus, S. Capelli, L. Cardani, N. Casali, A. Cazes, M. Chapellier, F. Charlieux, D. M. Chernyak, M. de Combarieu, N. Coron, F. A. Danevich, I. Dafinei, M. De Jesus, L. Devoyon, S. Di Domizio, L. Dumoulin, K. Eitel, C. Enss, F. Ferroni, A. Fleischmann, N. Foerster, J. Gascon, L. Gastaldo, L. Gironi, A. Giuliani, V. D. Grigorieva, M. Gros, L. Hehn, S. Hervé, V. Humbert, N. V. Ivannikova, I. M. Ivanov, Y. Jin, A. Juillard, M. Kleifges, V. V. Kobychev, S. I. Konovalov, F. Koskas, V. Kozlov, H. Kraus, V. A. Kudryavtsev, M. Laubenstein, H. Le Sueur, M. Loidl, P. Magnier, E. P. Makarov, M. Mancuso, P. de Marcillac, S. Marnieros, C. Marrache-Kikuchi, S. Nagorny, X-F. Navick, M. O. Nikolaichuk, C. Nones, V. Novati, E. Olivieri, L. Pagnanini, P. Pari, L. Pattavina, M. Pavan, B. Paul, Y. Penichot, G. Pessina, G. Piperno, S. Pirro, O. Plantevin, D. V. Poda, E. Queguiner, T. Redon, M. Rodrigues, S. Rozov, C. Rusconi, V. Sanglard, K. Schäffner, S. Scorza, V. N. Shlegel, B. Siebenborn, O. Strazzer, D. Tcherniakhovski, C. Tomei, V. I. Tretyak, V. I. Umatov, L. Vagneron, Ya. V. Vasiliev, M. Velázquez, M. Vignati, M. Weber, E. Yakushev, and A. S. Zolotarova

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract This paper reports on the development of a technology involving $$^{100}\hbox {Mo}$$ 100 Mo -enriched scintillating bolometers, compatible with the goals of CUPID, a proposed next-generation bolometric experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Large mass ( $$\sim 1~\hbox {kg}$$ ∼ 1 kg ), high optical quality, radiopure $$^{100}\hbox {Mo}$$ 100 Mo -containing zinc and lithium molybdate crystals have been produced and used to develop high performance single detector modules based on 0.2–0.4 kg scintillating bolometers. In particular, the energy resolution of the lithium molybdate detectors near the Q-value of the double-beta transition of $$^{100}\hbox {Mo}$$ 100 Mo (3034 keV) is 4–6 keV FWHM. The rejection of the $$\alpha $$ α -induced dominant background above 2.6 MeV is better than $$8\sigma $$ 8 σ . Less than $$10~\upmu \hbox {Bq/kg}$$ 10 μ Bq/kg activity of $$^{232}\hbox {Th}\, (^{228}\hbox {Th})$$ 232 Th ( 228 Th ) and $$^{226}\hbox {Ra}$$ 226 Ra in the crystals is ensured by boule recrystallization. The potential of $$^{100}\hbox {Mo}$$ 100 Mo -enriched scintillating bolometers to perform high sensitivity double-beta decay searches has been demonstrated with only $$10~\hbox {kg}\times \hbox {d}$$ 10 kg × d exposure: the two neutrino double-beta decay half-life of $$^{100}\hbox {Mo}$$ 100 Mo has been measured with the up-to-date highest accuracy as $$T_{1/2}$$ T 1 / 2 = [6.90 ± 0.15(stat.) ± 0.37(syst.)] $$\times ~10^{18}~\hbox {years}$$ × 10 18 years . Both crystallization and detector technologies favor lithium molybdate, which has been selected for the ongoing construction of the CUPID-0/Mo demonstrator, containing several kg of $$^{100}\hbox {Mo}$$ 100 Mo .

Published
2017
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12. Results on MeV-scale dark matter from a gram-scale cryogenic calorimeter operated above ground

Author

G. Angloher, P. Bauer, A. Bento, C. Bucci, L. Canonica, X. Defay, A. Erb, F. v. Feilitzsch, N. Ferreiro Iachellini, P. Gorla, A. Gütlein, D. Hauff, J. Jochum, M. Kiefer, H. Kluck, H. Kraus, J.-C. Lanfranchi, A. Langenkämper, J. Loebell, M. Mancuso, E. Mondragon, A. Münster, L. Oberauer, C. Pagliarone, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, F. Pröbst, R. Puig, F. Reindl, J. Rothe, K. Schäffner, J. Schieck, S. Schönert, W. Seidel, M. Stahlberg, L. Stodolsky, C. Strandhagen, R. Strauss, A. Tanzke, H. H. Trinh Thi, C. Türkoǧlu, M. Uffinger, A. Ulrich, I. Usherov, S. Wawoczny, M. Willers, M. Wüstrich, and A. Zöller

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Models for light dark matter particles with masses below 1 GeV/c $$^2$$ 2 are a natural and well-motivated alternative to so-far unobserved weakly interacting massive particles. Gram-scale cryogenic calorimeters provide the required detector performance to detect these particles and extend the direct dark matter search program of CRESST. A prototype 0.5 g sapphire detector developed for the $$\nu $$ ν -cleus experiment has achieved an energy threshold of $$E_{th}=(19.7\pm 0.9)$$ E t h = ( 19.7 ± 0.9 ) eV. This is one order of magnitude lower than for previous devices and independent of the type of particle interaction. The result presented here is obtained in a setup above ground without significant shielding against ambient and cosmogenic radiation. Although operated in a high-background environment, the detector probes a new range of light-mass dark matter particles previously not accessible by direct searches. We report the first limit on the spin-independent dark matter particle-nucleon cross section for masses between 140 and 500 MeV/c $$^2$$ 2 .

Published
2017
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13. Dark-photon search using data from CRESST-II Phase 2

Author

G. Angloher, P. Bauer, A. Bento, C. Bucci, L. Canonica, X. Defay, A. Erb, F. v. Feilitzsch, N. Ferreiro Iachellini, P. Gorla, A. Gütlein, D. Hauff, J. Jochum, M. Kiefer, H. Kluck, H. Kraus, J.-C. Lanfranchi, J. Loebell, M. Mancuso, A. Münster, C. Pagliarone, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, F. Pröbst, R. Puig, F. Reindl, K. Schäffner, J. Schieck, S. Schönert, W. Seidel, L. Stodolsky, C. Strandhagen, R. Strauss, A. Tanzke, H. H. Trinh Thi, C. Türkoǧlu, M. Uffinger, A. Ulrich, I. Usherov, S. Wawoczny, M. Willers, M. Wüstrich, and A. Zöller

Subjects
Dark Matter, Probability Density Function, Phonon Energy, Gaussian Probability Density Function, Dark Photon, Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Identifying the nature and origin of dark matter is one of the major challenges for modern astro and particle physics. Direct dark-matter searches aim at an observation of dark-matter particles interacting within detectors. The focus of several such searches is on interactions with nuclei as provided e.g. by weakly interacting massive particles. However, there is a variety of dark-matter candidates favoring interactions with electrons rather than with nuclei. One example are dark photons, i.e., long-lived vector particles with a kinetic mixing to standard-model photons. In this work we present constraints on this kinetic mixing based on data from CRESST-II Phase 2 corresponding to an exposure before cuts of 52 kg-days. These constraints improve the existing ones for dark-photon masses between 0.3 and 0.7 keV/c $$^2$$ 2 .

Published
2017
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14. Simulation of light collection in calcium tungstate scintillation detectors

Author

F. A. Danevich, V. V. Kobychev, R. V. Kobychev, H. Kraus, V. B. Mikhailik, and V. M. Mokina

Subjects
scintillation detector, Monte Carlo simulation, light collection efficiency, CaWO4 crystal scintillator, Atomic physics. Constitution and properties of matter, QC170-197
Abstract

Due to high operational properties, the oxide scintillators are perspective for cryogenic scintillation experiments with aim of study rare nuclear processes. In order to optimize light yield and the energy resolution we performed calculations of the efficiency of light collection for different geometries of scintillation detector with CaWO4 crystal by Monte-Carlo method using Litrani, Geant4 and Zemax packages. The calculations were compared with experimental data in the same configurations, depending on the crystal shape, surface treatment, material and shape of the reflector and presence of optical contact. The best results were obtained with crystals shaped as the right prism with triangle base, with completely diffused surfaces, using mirror reflector shaped as a truncated cone. Simulations by using Litrani have shown the best agreement with experimental results.

Published
2015

15. Erratum to: Geant4-based electromagnetic background model for the CRESST dark matter experiment

Author

A. H. Abdelhameed, G. Angloher, P. Bauer, A. Bento, E. Bertoldo, R. Breier, C. Bucci, L. Canonica, A. D’Addabbo, S. Di Lorenzo, A. Erb, F. v. Feilitzsch, N. Ferreiro Iachellini, S. Fichtinger, A. Fuss, P. Gorla, D. Hauff, M. Jes̆kovský, J. Jochum, J. Kaizer, A. Kinast, H. Kluck, H. Kraus, A. Langenkämper, M. Mancuso, V. Mokina, E. Mondragón, M. Olmi, T. Ortmann, C. Pagliarone, V. Palus̆ová, L. Pattavina, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, P. Povinec, F. Pröbst, F. Reindl, J. Rothe, K. Schäffner, J. Schieck, V. Schipperges, D. Schmiedmayer, S. Schönert, C. Schwertner, M. Stahlberg, L. Stodolsky, C. Strandhagen, R. Strauss, C. Türkoğlu, I. Usherov, M. Willers, V. Zema, and J. Zeman

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The original version of this article unfortunately contains mistakes.

Published
2019
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16. Optimal Operation of Cryogenic Calorimeters Through Deep Reinforcement Learning.

Author

G. Angloher, S. Banik, G. Benato, A. Bento, A. Bertolini, R. Breier, C. Bucci, J. Burkhart, L. Canonica, Annarita D'Addabbo, S. Di Lorenzo, L. Einfalt, A. Erb, F. v. Feilitzsch, Stephan Fichtinger, D. Fuchs, A. Garai, V. M. Ghete, P. Gorla, P. V. Guillaumon, S. Gupta, D. Hauff, M. Jeskovský, J. Jochum, M. Kaznacheeva, A. Kinast, S. Kuckuk, H. Kluck, H. Kraus, A. Langenkämper, M. Mancuso, L. Marini, B. Mauri, L. Meyer, V. Mokina, K. Niedermayer, M. Olmi, T. Ortmann, C. Pagliarone, L. Pattavina, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, P. Povinec, F. Pröbst, F. Pucci, F. Reindl, J. Rothe, K. Schäffner, Jochen Schieck, S. Schönert, C. Schwertner, M. Stahlberg, L. Stodolsky, C. Strandhagen, R. Strauss, I. Usherov, Felix Wagner 0003, V. Wagner, M. Willers, V. Zema, Clemens Heitzinger, and Wolfgang Waltenberger

Published
2024
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20. Accuracy of pin placement in the canine thoracolumbar spine using a free-hand probing technique versus 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides: An ex-vivo study

Author

Ronan A. Mullins, Jorge Espinel Ruperéz, Jason Bleedorn, Seamus Hoey, Scott Hetzel, Cristina Ortega, Karl H. Kraus, and Julien Guevar

Subjects
General Veterinary, 630 Agriculture
Abstract

OBJECTIVE To compare pin placement accuracy, intraoperative technique deviations, and duration of pin placement for pins placed by free-hand probing (FHP) or 3D-printed drill guide (3DPG) technique. SAMPLE POPULATION Four greyhound cadavers. METHODS Computed tomography (CT) examinations from T6-sacrum were obtained for determination of optimal pin placement and 3DPG creation. Two 3.2/2.4-mm positive profile pins were inserted per vertebra, one left and one right from T7-L7 (FHP [n = 56]; 3DPG [n = 56]) by one surgeon and removed for repeat CT. Duration of pin placement and intraoperative deviations (unanticipated deviations from planned technique) were recorded. Pin tracts were graded by two blinded observers using modified Zdichavsky classification. Descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS A total of 54/56 pins placed with 3DPGs were assigned grade I (optimal placement) compared with 49/56 pins using the FHP technique. A total of 2/56 pins placed with 3DPGs and 3/56 pins using the FHP technique were assigned grade IIa (partial medial violation). A total of 4/56 pins placed using the FHP technique were assigned grade IIIa (partial lateral violation). No pins were assigned grade IIb (full medial violation). Intraoperative technique deviations occurred with 6/56 pins placed using the FHP technique and no pins with 3DPGs. Overall, pins were placed faster (mean ± SD 2.6 [1.3] vs. 4.5 [1.8] min) with 3DPGs. CONCLUSIONS Both techniques were accurate for placement of spinal fixation pins. The 3DPG technique may decrease intraoperative deviations and duration of pin placement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Both techniques allow accurate pin placement in the canine thoracolumbar spine. The FHP technique requires specific training and has learning curve, whereas 3DPG technique requires specific software and 3D printers.

Published
2023
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21. Diagnostic traction and dorsal locking plate stabilization of a fifth and sixth thoracic vertebral fracture/luxation in a golden retriever: Case report

Author

William J. Tammaro, Peter J. Early, Robert Bergman, Brian L. Petrovsky, and Karl H. Kraus

Subjects
General Veterinary
Abstract

Traction was used to diagnose instability of a T5-T6 traumatic luxation that was stabilized with locking plates in the laminae and dorsal pedicles. A two-year-old, 27 kg, female spayed golden retriever was presented to a veterinary teaching hospital after being referred for possible mandibular and spinal fractures after being hit by a car. The dog presented non-ambulatory paraparetic with intact pain perception. Computed tomographic (CT) imaging showed a fifth and sixth thoracic vertebral fracture/luxation, with and without manual traction. Surgical stabilization of the spine was performed with bilateral dorsally placed locking plates (String-of-Pearls, Orthomed, UK) in the laminae and dorsal aspects of the vertebral pedicles. The dog recovered well, and neurologic status improved significantly overnight and continued to improve up until discharge, which was 6 days postoperatively. Upon recheck exam at 8 weeks postoperatively, the dog appeared neurologically normal with no obvious surgical complications. This case demonstrates that diagnostic traction—the process of pulling, during imaging, on the dog's pelvis while the forelimbs are secured in extension—demonstrated instability of the spine which was not readily apparent on initial CT imaging. Additionally, the dorsal locking plate stabilization is a viable fixation option that provided acceptable stabilization of the mid-thoracic vertebrae.

Published
2022

22. Linear external skeletal fixation applied in minimally invasive fashion for stabilization of nonarticular tibial fractures in dogs and cats

Author

Alec H. Sherman, Karl H. Kraus, Danielle Watt, Lingnan Yuan, and Jonathan P. Mochel

Subjects
General Veterinary
Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of linear external skeletal fixation (ESF) applied using minimally invasive techniques in dogs and cats.Retrospective study.Forty-nine dogs and 6 cats.Medical records of cases with nonarticular tibial fractures, repaired using linear ESF at a single academic institution between July 2010 and 2020, were reviewed. All records of cases that had nonarticular tibial fractures repaired using linear ESF were included. Information was collected regarding signalment, surgical procedures performed, perioperative care, radiographic evaluation, and postoperative complications.Intraoperative imaging was used in 40/55 (72%) of cases. Tibal plateau angle (TPA), tibial mechanical medial proximal and distal tibial angles (mMPTA and mMDTA, respectively) were not affected by intraoperative imaging (P = .344, P = .687, P = .418). A total of 22 (40%) complications occurred. Of these, 18 were considered minor and 4 were considered major. Open fractures had more major complications than closed fractures (P = .019). All fractures reached radiographic union of the fracture. The mean ± SD time to external fixator removal was 71 ± 48 days.Linear ESF applied using minimally invasive techniques with or without intraoperative imaging was an effective treatment for nonarticular tibial fractures.Closed application of linear ESF should be considered as a minimally invasive option for stabilizing nonarticular tibial fractures.

Published
2022

23. Secular Equilibrium Assessment in a $\mathrm{CaWO}_4$ Target Crystal from the Dark Matter Experiment CRESST using Bayesian Likelihood Normalisation

Author

G. Angloher, S. Banik, G. Benato, A. Bento, A. Bertolini, R. Breier, C. Bucci, J. Burkhart, L. Canonica, A. D’Addabbo, S. Di Lorenzo, L. Einfalt, A. Erb, F.v. Feilitzsch, N. Ferreiro Iachellini, S. Fichtinger, D. Fuchs, A. Fuss, A. Garai, V.M. Ghete, P. Gorla, S. Gupta, D. Hauff, M. Ješkovský, J. Jochum, M. Kaznacheeva, A. Kinast, H. Kluck, H. Kraus, A. Langenkämper, M. Mancuso, L. Marini, V. Mokina, A. Nilima, M. Olmi, T. Ortmann, C. Pagliarone, L. Pattavina, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, P. Povinec, F. Pröbst, F. Pucci, F. Reindl, J. Rothe, K. Schäffner, J. Schieck, D. Schmiedmayer, S. Schönert, C. Schwertner, M. Stahlberg, L. Stodolsky, C. Strandhagen, R. Strauss, I. Usherov, F. Wagner, M. Willers, V. Zema, F. Ferella, M. Laubenstein, and S. Nisi

Subjects
Radiation, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

CRESST is a leading direct detection sub-$\mathrm{GeVc}^{-2}$ dark matter experiment. During its second phase, cryogenic bolometers were used to detect nuclear recoils off the $\mathrm{CaWO}_4$ target crystal nuclei. The previously established electromagnetic background model relies on secular equilibrium (SE) assumptions. In this work, a validation of SE is attempted by comparing two likelihood-based normalisation results using a recently developed spectral template normalisation method based on Bayesian likelihood. We find deviations from SE; further investigations are necessary to determine their origin., Part of special issue: ICRM-LLRMT22 8th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology - Low Level Radioactivity Measurement and Techniques, 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2022

24. Computed tomography evaluation of proposed implant corridors in canine thoracic vertebrae

Author

Lingnan Yuan, Jonathan P. Mochel, Elizabeth A. Riedesel, Elizabeth M. Schmitt, Peter J Early, Robert L. Bergman, and Karl H. Kraus

Subjects
education.field_of_study, General Veterinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Population, Computed tomography, Anatomy, Bone Nails, Thoracic Vertebrae, Computed tomographic, Implant placement, Dogs, medicine.anatomical_structure, parasitic diseases, Thoracic vertebrae, Animals, Ct technique, Medicine, Dorsal approach, Implant, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, education, business, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Objective Identify acceptable implant corridors in the normal canine thoracic vertebrae (T) from T1 to T9. Study design Retrospective study. Sample population Computed tomographic (CT) studies of normal canine thoracic spines (n = 39). Methods CT imaging studies of normal T1-T9 canine spines were evaluated by five independent observers. Each identified a proposed corridor, measured the width, length, and angle off mid-sagittal that the corridor occupied. Results CT studies were from 39 dogs weighing 3.19-60 kg (mean 10.72, SD 9.9 kg). Vertebral corridors ranged in average width from 3.8 to 5.2 mm, the widest being located at T1. They ranged in average length from 13.3 to 17.5 mm, shortest being T1 and longest being T6. The angle of corridors varied the most between individual vertebrae at T1-T3. The average corridor angles were: T1 = 38°, T2 = 32°, T3 = 27°, T4 = 26°. T5-T9 angle ranged from 23° to 24°. Conclusion The average dimensions of corridors measured in dogs weighing 3.1-60 kg were consistent with those of commercially available cortical screws and pins. Clinical significance Corridor trajectories identified in this population can be achieved from a dorsal approach between T5 and T9. A dorsal approach for implant placement would be challenging for T1-T4 due to the variability found in these vertebrae as well as regional anatomical constraints.

Published
2021

25. Short‐term outcomes of 59 dogs treated for ilial body fractures with locking or non‐locking plates

Author

Jonathan P. Mochel, Taylor Knuth, Eric M. Zellner, Cristina Aponte‐Colón, Karl H. Kraus, Jaron H. Naiman, William D. Hoefle, Brian L. Petrovsky, and Lingnan Yuan

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, 040301 veterinary sciences, Radiography, Locking plate, Ilium, 0403 veterinary science, Fracture Fixation, Internal, Fractures, Bone, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Clinical significance, Dog Diseases, Retrospective Studies, General Veterinary, business.industry, Outcome measures, Implant failure, Retrospective cohort study, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Perioperative, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, business, Bone Plates
Abstract

OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of plating systems on the clinical outcomes in dogs treated for ilial fractures. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS Fifty-nine dogs (63 hemipelves). METHODS Radiographs and medical records of dogs with ilial fractures presented to Iowa State University between 2003 and 2019 were reviewed. After fracture reduction, fractures were fixed with a locking plate system (LPS) or non-locking plate system (NLS). Perioperative, long-term complications, and follow-up data were recorded. The frequency of implant failure and pelvic collapse were compared using a logistic and linear regression analysis, respectively. Where the univariate test was statistically significant, a multivariate analysis across categories was performed to identify statistically different categories. RESULTS LPS and NLS implants were used in 25/63 and 38/63 hemipelves, respectively. Median follow-up time was 8 weeks (3-624 weeks). Implant failure occurred in 18/63 (29%) of fracture repairs, consisting of 17 with NLS and 1 with LPS. Revision surgery was recommended in five cases of implant failure, all with NLS. The probability of implant failure was higher when fractures were fixed with NLS (p = .0056). All other variables evaluated did not seem to influence outcome measures. CONCLUSION The variable with the most influence on the outcomes of dogs treated for ilial fractures consisted of the fixation method (NLS vs. LPS). Fractures repaired with NLS were nearly 20 times more likely to fail than those repaired with LPS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons should consider repairing ilial body fractures in dogs with LPS to reduce the risk of short-term implant failure.

Published
2021

26. Functional MRI during tongue strength tasks before and after partial glossectomy: Insights into the cortical activation of tongue motor function

Author

Kyung K Peck, Nicholas S Cho, Luca Pasquini, Mehrnaz Jenabi, Ryan C Branski, Cathy L Lazarus, Dennis H Kraus, and Andrei I Holodny

Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Neurology (clinical), General Medicine
Abstract

Aim Because the tongue is a midline structure, studies on the neural correlates of lateralized tongue function are challenging and remain limited. Patients with tongue cancer who undergo unilateral partial glossectomy may be a unique cohort to study tongue-associated cortical activation, particularly regarding brain hemispheric lateralization. This longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated cortical activation changes for three tongue tasks before and after left-sided partial glossectomy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Methods Seven patients with squamous cell carcinoma involving the left tongue who underwent fMRI before and 6 months after unilateral partial glossectomy were studied. Post-surgical changes in laterality index (LI) values for tongue-associated precentral and postcentral gyri fMRI activation were calculated for the dry swallow, tongue press, and saliva sucking tasks. Group analysis fMRI activation maps were generated for each of the three tasks. Results There were significant differences in changes in LI values post-surgery between the tongue press ( p < 0.005; median: +0.24), saliva sucking (−0.10), and dry swallow tasks (−0.16). Decreased contralateral activation (change in LI ≥+0.20) was observed post-surgery during tongue press in six of seven patients, but only in two patients during saliva sucking and one patient during dry swallow ( p < 0.05). There was also increased activation in the supplementary motor area following surgery. Conclusion Post-surgical fMRI changes following left-sided partial glossectomy may suggest task-specific sensitivities to cortical activation changes following unilateral tongue deficits that may reflect the impacts of surgery and adaptive responses to tongue impairment.

Published
2023

27. Al2O3 co-doped with Cr3+ and Mn4+, a dual-emitter probe for multimodal non-contact luminescence thermometry

Author

Vasyl Hreb, Leonid Vasylechko, Iryna Lutsyuk, Lev-Ivan Bulyk, Andrzej Suchocki, Vitaliy Mykhaylyk, Yaroslav Zhydachevskyy, H. Kraus, and Armin Wagner

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, Range (particle radiation), Accuracy and precision, Materials science, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Optoelectronics, Emission spectrum, Atmospheric temperature range, Luminescence, business, Ion, Common emitter
Abstract

Luminescence probes that facilitate multimodal non-contact measurements of temperature are of particular interest due to the possibility of cross-referencing results across different readout techniques. This intrinsic referencing is an essential addition that enhances accuracy and reliability of the technique. A further enhancement of sensor performance can be achieved by using two luminescent ions acting as independent emitters, thereby adding in-built redundancy to non-contact temperature sensing, using a single readout technique. In this study we combine both approaches by engineering a material with two luminescent ions that can be independently probed through different readout modes of non-contact temperature sensing. The approach was tested using Al2O3 co-doped with Cr3+ and Mn4+, exhibiting sharp emission lines due to 2E → 4A2 transitions. The temperature sensing performance was examined by measuring three characteristics: temperature-induced changes of the intensity ratio of the emission lines, their spectral position, and the luminescence decay time constant. The processes responsible for the changes with temperature of the measured luminescence characteristics are discussed in terms of relevant models. By comparing temperature resolutions achievable by different modes of temperature sensing it is established that in Al2O3-Cr,Mn spectroscopic methods provide the best measurement accuracy over a broad temperature range. A temperature resolution better than ±2.8 K can be achieved by monitoring the luminescence intensity ratio (40–145 K) and the spectral shift of the R-line of Mn4+ (145–300 K range).

Published
2021

29. Recommendations for head and neck surgical oncology practice in a setting of acute severe resource constraint during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Yoon Woo Koh, Dennis H. Kraus, D. Thomson, Jason Y. K. Chan, Christian Godballe, Stephen Y. Lai, Akihiro Homma, Yu Wang, Cyrus Kerawala, Paul Lennon, Sue S. Yom, Sandro V. Porceddu, Cesare Piazza, Robert P. Takes, Wojciech Golusiński, Ravindra Uppaluri, Vinidh Paleri, Danny Rischin, Johannes J. Fagan, Moni Abraham Kuriakose, Andreas Dietz, Mohammad AlFalasi, Benedict Panizza, Anna Konney, C. René Leemans, Jared A. Shenson, Sefik Hosal, Ahmad K. Abou-Foul, Mihir R. Patel, Bernard Lyons, Michael C. Topf, Pablo Parente Arias, Chrisian Simon, Lisa Licitra, John Hardman, F. Christopher Holsinger, Yi ming Zhu, Alvaro Sanabria, John R. de Almeida, Haitham Mirghani, Velda Ling Yu Chow, Anthonny C. Nichols, Pei Jen Lou, Efthymios Kyrodimos, Hisham Mehanna, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Pankaj Chaturvedi, and N. Gopalakrishna Iyer

Subjects
Service delivery framework, business.industry, Risk of infection, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, education, Context (language use), medicine.disease, Article, Clinical trial, Health care rationing, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient safety, 0302 clinical medicine, Oncology, covid-19, Surgical oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, Professional association, Medical emergency, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, business, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 220257.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) The speed and scale of the global COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented pressures on health services worldwide, requiring new methods of service delivery during the health crisis. In the setting of severe resource constraint and high risk of infection to patients and clinicians, there is an urgent need to identify consensus statements on head and neck surgical oncology practice. We completed a modified Delphi consensus process of three rounds with 40 international experts in head and neck cancer surgical, radiation, and medical oncology, representing 35 international professional societies and national clinical trial groups. Endorsed by 39 societies and professional bodies, these consensus practice recommendations aim to decrease inconsistency of practice, reduce uncertainty in care, and provide reassurance for clinicians worldwide for head and neck surgical oncology in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and in the setting of acute severe resource constraint and high risk of infection to patients and staff.

Published
2020

32. Abschluss

Author

Mario H. Kraus

Published
2022

40. Einleitung

Author

Mario H. Kraus

Published
2022

47. Grundlagen

Author

Mario H. Kraus

Published
2022

50. Microsecretory Adenocarcinoma of the Palate: A case report illustrating a recently recognized entity

Author

H Hosseini, S Sham, D Guerrero, D H Kraus, L D Krevitt, and J E Fantasia

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Introduction/Objective Microsecretory adenocarcinoma (MCA) is a recently recognized malignancy of the salivary glands that almost exclusively arises in the oral cavity with the hard palate being the most common site. To our knowledge, there are only 24 cases of MCA reported in the English literature, all of which displayed a notably consistent histology and immunohistochemical profile. MCA is a low-grade and well-circumscribed tumor with subtle infiltration into the surrounding soft tissue. A cellular fibromyxoid stroma containing microcystic tubules with abundant intraluminal basophilic secretions are distinct histologic features. Immunohistochemically, MCA is positive for S100, p63, and SOX10, and lacks expression of p40, calponin, and mammaglobin. MEF2C-SS18 fusion gene defines MCA molecularly. Methods/Case Report A 43-year-old woman underwent a biopsy of a sessile, nontender, papillomatous, flesh-colored lesion of the right hard palate. No evident bone erosion or cervical lymphadenopathy were detected on imaging. Histology showed stratified squamous epithelium with focal pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and an underlying salivary gland neoplasm consisting of microcystic tubules that were embedded in a scant myxoid stroma. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells expressed S100, SOX10, AE1/AE3, CAM5.2, and p63, while negative for p40 and mammaglobin. In light of the histology and immunohistochemistry, a diagnosis of microsecretory adenocarcinoma was rendered. Right palatectomy and partial maxillectomy was subsequently performed. The specimen was notable for a 0.8 cm well-circumscribed, white-tan, submucosal solid mass that displayed an identical histology to the biopsy and involved the deep margin. No perineural or lymphovascular invasion was identified. Surveillance exam and MRI show no recurrence after one year. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion MCA is a newly defined entity that has an indolent clinical course with no reports of metastasis or recurrence after complete surgical resection. It is crucial to distinguish MCA from malignancies it resembles morphologically to avoid aggressive therapy. In challenging cases, molecular analysis can help the pathologist achieve the final diagnosis.

Published
2022

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