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Parasitic diseases in domestic animals are a permanent obstacle for production, food safety and consumer health. The present work was conducted from september 2020 to april 2021 at the Dedougou abattoir to evaluate the prevalence of echinococcosis and the risk factors associated to this pathology in ruminants. Out of 14497 ruminants inspected, the prevalence of echinococcosis was 0.21%. The prevalence of echinococcosis in cattle, goats and sheep was 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5% respectively, suggesting a significant effect of species on the transmission of the disease (P-value = 0.0203). Sheep were the most susceptible followed by goats. In addition to the animal species, the effect of animal’s age on the level of infestation was also significant, particularly for goats where the prevalence in animals under two years old (0.4%) was relatively higher (P-value=0.0001) than that recorded in animals over two years old (0.06%). Regarding the other risk factors studied, no significant impact was observed. Regarding condemnation, intestines (70.96%), livers (9.67%), and spleens (19.35%) were the organs affected by hydatid cysts and therefore seized. In view of the importance of ours results, control strategies must be put in place against this pathology in the commune in order to further reduce its impact on ruminants and to serve consumers with safe meat.

Swine cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease transmissible from pigs to humans. In Burkina Faso, few scientific studies have been performed on this pathology, especially in slaughterhouses which are the main production sites of meat destined to human consumption. This study was carried out in the Dedougou slaughterhouse on 3 350 pigs inspected and diagnosed by tongue and post-mortem examination to assess the prevalence of cysticercosis, its risk factors, and the financial losses incurred by butchers due to seizures operated by the inspectors. Results revealed no cysticercosis-positive pigs by the tongue technique, while the post-mortem inspection detected 25 cases, representing a prevalence of 0.75%, leading to an overall loss of XOF 1 118 425 for the butchers. The incriminating risk factors with a significant effect on disease transmission were sex (p-value = 0.0033) and age (p-value = 0.0183). Given these results, Dedougou's communal authorities and animal health officials should undertake an awareness campaign on the disease and strengthen surveillance measures against illegal slaughter.

An exact analytical solution to the problem of dynamic expansion of a spherical cavity in an elastic medium (soil) with an arbitrary constant speed is obtained. It is assumed that this speed can be large, up to the velocity of propagation of bulk waves in the medium, and therefore the boundary conditions must be set on the moving boundary. The found solution makes it possible to judge the impact (or control the impact) of underground explosions on objects in the “far” zone, at distances significantly exceeding the size of the cavity. Fixed incorrectness in the approximate solution of this problem, given by J. Achenbach and S. Sun. It is found that the approximate solution obtained by the Horn method, which requires a large parameter in the problem, is not valid in some regions of variation of the Poisson’s ratio of the medium and the rate of expansion of the cavity. It is shown that for those values of the indicated parameters at which an approximate solution can be taken, it agrees with the exact solution.

Pentadesma butyracea is a rainforest species of Clusiaceae family with multi-values for human healthcare according to previous ethnobotanical survey. In spite of this traditional use of P. butyracea, there is a lack of scientific knowledge of its biological activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the major phytochemical compounds of P. butyracea hydroalcoholic seeds extract and to assess phyto-hormonal activities. Phyto-chemical screening of dichloromethane and hydroalcoholic seeds extracts were achieved. Subsequently, acute toxicity study was performed on mice to assess extracts safety use. Phyto-hormonal activities of hydroalcoholic extract of seeds were evaluated by uterotrophic and Hershberger’s bioassays. Phyto-chemical screening of seeds of P. butyracea showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phytosterols, polyphenols, leucoanthocyanes and fatty acids. Acute toxicity investigation showed no mortality of mice at the dose of 2000 mg/kg. Hydro-alcoholic extract of seeds significantly increased (p

The study was conducted to understand the perceptions and local adaptation strategies of rural sahelian communities in Burkina Faso to climate change on ruminant rearing practices. For this purpose, the study was carried out in the rural commune of Bani by collecting primary from semi-structured interviews with 143 producers and secondary data of temperature, rainfall and their spatial and temporal evolution from 2005 to 2016. Analysis of these data reveals that 67.13% of the producers are male and 32.86% female, with an average age of 55 ± 0.3 years. These respondents were agropastoralists with an average of 3.5 ha of cultivated land, using traditional seeds (100% of respondents) and improved seeds (58.7%) and rearing local breeds of ruminants. For climate change, respondents notified an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall that corroborates the analysis of the meteorological data collected. The consequences of climate change on livestock farmers' resources are food insecurity, lack of pasture, drought and low animal productivity. The local adaptation strategies applied by livestock farmers are the diversification of agro-sylvo-pastoral production (88.11%) and income-generating activities (70%). In the study area, diversification is the strategy adopted by agro-pastoralists to ensure food security and provide income to meet the daily needs of families.

L’etude vise a rechercher une solution alternative a la lutte contre les nematodes parasites du tube digestif des ovins en station. Pour cela, deux niveaux de supplementation avec les feuilles sechees de Calotropis procera sur les performances de croissance et la charge parasitaire ont ete etudies en infestation naturelle. Ainsi, 3 lots homogenes de 5 ovins de race Mossi composes d’un temoin (lot A) exploitant uniquement le pâturage naturel et de deux lots B et C supplementes respectivement avec 100 et 200 g de feuilles sechees de C. procera en plus du pâturage naturel ont ete constitues. Les resultats obtenus revelent que le fourrage distribue de C. procera est riche en matieres azotees totales (19,07% de MS) avec un taux moyen de cellulose (23,44% de MS). Les GMQ et les niveaux d’excretion des oeufs n’ont pas releve de difference significative (P˃0,05) entre les trois lots avec la supplementation. Par contre, la supplementation a entraine une baisse importante de H. contortus , T. colubriformis et Cooperia spp dans les feces des lots supplementes compares au lot temoin. L’utilisation de C. procera pourrait donc etre envisagee dans une strategie de lutte ciblee contre ces parasites, notamment H. contortus . © 2017 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles: Calotropis procera , supplementation, GMQ, OPG, ovins English Title: Supplementation effects of Calotropis procera dried leaves on growth performance and strongyle infection of sheep in the rainy season in Burkina Faso English Abstract The study aims at finding an alternative solution to the control of parasitic nematodes of sheep digestive tract in the station. For this, two levels of supplementation with Calotropis procera dried leaves on the growth performances and strongyle infestation were studied in natural infestation. Thus, three homogeneous groups of 5 sheep of Mossi breed composed of control group (lot A) exploiting only the natural grazing and two groups B and C supplemented respectively with 100 and 200 g of C. procera dried leaves in addition to the pasture have been composed. Obtained results reveal that the distributed fodder of C. procera is rich in total nitrogenous matter (19.07% DM) with average cellulose content (23.44% DM). The GMQs and egg excretion levels did not show a significant difference (P˃0.05) between the three groups with supplementation. On the other hand, it induced a significant decrease of Haemonchus contortus , Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Cooperia spp in the fecal matter of the supplemented groups compared with the control group. The use of C. procera could therefore be considered in a targeted control strategy against these parasites, especially H. contortus . © 2017 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Calotropis procera , supplementation, ADG, EPG, sheep

An ethnobotanical survey for a better knowledge of lactogenic plants has been conducted in Cascades region of Burkina Faso. Biological activities of the two most used plants were evaluated. The survey concerned 25 species classified into 22 genera and 19 families. The most represented families were Moraceae, Apocynaceae, Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae and Malvaceae. The most used species were Euphorbia hirta, Calotropis procera and Ficus sycomorus with respectively 16.98%, 13.21% and 13.21% followed by Ficus platyphylla (9.43%) and Carica papaya, Holarrhena floribunda, Scoparia dulcis, Sorghum bicolor, each with 3.77% of frequency use. Plants organs mostly used for medicinal preparation were leaves, whole plant for herbaceous species, fruits and seeds. The main mode of medicinal preparation was decoction with 60.42% of frequency use. The most route of administration was oral (68.75%). Biological activities evaluation concerned Euphorbia hirta and Calotropis procera which were the most used plants. The acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of Calotropis procera (AECP) and Euphorbia hirta (AEEH) showed a LD50 of 2063 and 603 mg/kg body weight (b.w), respectively. These LD50 values permitted to classify these plants as slightly toxic herbal drugs. The uterotrophic test showed that the AECP and AEEH exhibited estrogenic activity. In conclusion, important medicinal plants in the Cascades region of Burkina Faso were used to stimulate or ameliorate lactation. However further studies must be conducted to confirm the traditional use of these plants.

The optimal treatment strategy for rectal cancer (RC) with synchronous metastases remains an issue of debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of surgery and radiation on the control of pelvic symptoms in this setting.Consecutive patients with RC and synchronous metastases were retrospectively assessed and divided into four treatment groups: surgical resection of rectal tumor (S); radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy followed by surgery (CRTS); chemoradiotherapy (CRT); and chemotherapy only (CT). Each group was evaluated in terms of duration of pelvic symptom-free periods (relative to overall survival).A total of 96 patients were evaluated: S: n=30; CRTS: n=21; CRT: n=27; and CT: n=18. After treatment, pelvic symptoms persisted in 14.7% patients (S=0%, CRTS=7.1%, CRT=31.8%, CT=25%; P=0.01). The relative pelvic symptom-free periods were 93.0% in the S group, 83.1% in the CRTS group, 53.0% in the CRT group and 53.2% in the CT group (P0.01). On multivariate analysis, only surgical treatment correlated with a significant relative pelvic symptom-free period (P0.01), with an adjusted hazards ratio of 2.80 [95% CI: 1.79-4.39].Our results suggest that rectal resection was the most effective therapeutic procedure in selected patients with RC and synchronous metastases, offering the patients the longest pelvic symptom-free periods.

The diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with soft-tissue tumors would be similar to the approach used for bone tumors if it were not for one crucial factor: the absolute necessity to recognize a sarcoma. The predominant features are the size of the tumor and its superficial or deep localization. If the tumor is small and superficial, biopsy can be associated with immediate resection without risk of dissemination to the deep tissues: this is the biopsy-resection approach. If the tumor is deep or superficial but large sized, search for locoregional spread with MRI is necessary before undertaking any surgical procedure. MRI can help guide the biopsy and plan resection if the tumor is a sarcoma. A first biopsy is necessary to establish the histological diagnosis and elaborate the therapeutic strategy. Samples should be sent immediately to the pathology lab which should examine sterile fresh tissue. Experience has demonstrated that proper rules for diagnosis and treatment are not necessarily applied initially in approximately one-fourth of all subjects with a malignant soft-tissue tumor. Besides the medical problems caused by this situation, the patient loses a chance for cure. When the tumor is a sarcoma, surgery is the basis of treatment. Complementary radiation therapy may be necessary, particularly for high-grade tumors or if the surgical margin was insufficient. Systemic or locoregional chemotherapy can also be used for high-grade or non-resectable tumors.

A recent phase I study showed that weekly cisplatin, irinotecan and concurrent radiotherapy can be administered with moderate toxicity in patients with oesophageal cancer. Patients with no prior treatment and oesophageal cancer stage I to III, performance status3, caloric intake1,500 kcal day(-1) were included. Chemotherapy, with cisplatin 30 mg m(-2) and irinotecan 60 mg m(-2), was administered at days 1, 8, 22, 29, and concurrently with radiotherapy at days 43, 50, 64 and 71. Radiotherapy was delivered with 50 or 50.4 Gy in 25 fractions/5 weeks. Forty-three patients were included, 10 stage I, 19 stage II and 14 stage III. Mean age was 59.2 years (range 44-79). A total of 30 out of 43 (69.8%) patients underwent all planned treatment. During induction chemotherapy, 14 severe toxicities of grade 3 or 4 in 10 patients (23.3%) were reported with 57.1% due to haematoxicity. During chemoradiotherapy, 31 severe toxicities of grade 3 or 4 with 64.5% due to haematotoxicity were reported in 18 patients. One toxic death occurred (diarrhoea grade 4). The complete clinical response rate was 58.1% (95% CI: 43.4-72.8%). Overall survival rate at 1 and 2 years was 62.8%, (95% CI, 58.3-77.3%) and 27.9% (95% CI, 13.4-41.3%), respectively. In conclusion, cisplatin-irinotecan-radiotherapy is an active and well-tolerated regimen feasible in out-patients.

Summary Impact of radiotherapy (RT) schedule on local response and duration of the 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin (5 FU/CDDP) chemotherapy (CT) on m are still questioning in chemoradiotherapy (CRT) regimen in esophageal carcinoma. Aim Evaluate two RT schedules and two different CT durations by a retrospective comparison of the CRT regimens used by two centres between 1994 and 2000. Methods In centre I (regimen I), patients received 2 CT concomitantly to a continuous RT (50 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks). In centre II (regimen II), patients received 6 CT, 3 were concomitant to a split course RT (20 Gy/10 fractions x 3 courses) and 3 CT were delivered after CRT. Results A total of 129 patients were included, 74 in centre I and 55 in centre II respectively. Main patient characteristics were similar between the two groups. Clinical complete response to CRT was significantly more frequent in regimen I (83.8% vs 65.4%; P = 0.02). The median overall survival (OS) was 20 months in regimen I and 22 months in regimen II (NS). During follow-up, responder patients to CRT in regimen II experienced significant fewer metastasis (51.6% vs 27.8%; P = 0.03) with a trend to an increased 5-year survival (19.4% vs 11.3%) and OS (26.5 vs 21.0 months) (NS). Grade 3-4 toxicities were not different. Conclusion Clinical complete response to CRT was significantly more frequent with a continuous RT whereas additional CT after CRT significantly reduced metastasis occurrence. CRT regimen in esophageal carcinoma may be more effective using a continuous RT schedule and additional CT courses after CRT completion.

In Burkina Faso, rural livestock farmers in arid and semi-arid areas rely heavily on woody plant resources such as Acacia nilotica and Acacia raddiana to satisfy the needs of small ruminant rearing. The assessment of the availability and the use of these two species are therefore essential to better manage them sustainably for their preservation. The survey carried out in the area showed that the questioned farmers exploited the leaves and pods of the two Acacia for the needs of the ruminants. 100% of the farmers exploit A. raddiana only for the feeding of small ruminants. However, A. nilotica was exploited for animal feed and health. The most commonly reported treatments are Foot and Mouth Disease (98.7%) followed by diarrhea (73.7%) and foot wounds (51.2%). In order to compare the results of the survey, a botanical inventory was carried out in the area and the results showed that A. raddiana is more available compared to A. nilotica. Also, other local species such as Faidherbia albida, Acacia senegal, Balanites aegyptiaca and Acacia siberiana are also exploited for the needs of small ruminant rearing in the study area. The most important constraints were excessive cutting, drought and overexploitation that negatively impact their survival. Data on these constraints provide the basis for a campaign to raise awareness among herders' communities to preserve these plants to sustainably improve the productivity of small ruminants and consequently farmer’s income.

In rural area of Burkina Faso, health management of domestic animals is a constant concern for low-income farmers. In this context, an ethno-veterinary survey was conducted among 62 farmers of ruminant in the pastoral area of Gaongho in Bazega province to understand the rearing practice, to identify the main constraints of and the practices used against African trypanosomosis. For this, data were collected between March to June 2014 using a structured questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency and percentages. The results showed that respondents were 48.3% literate and mainly of Fulani ethnic with an average age of 45 years. The main constraints of ruminant rearing for farmers are diseases (86.2%), particularly African Animal Trypanosomosis which is the most dominant (96.7%). To control this pathology, farmers practice modern (100%) and traditional (35.4%) medicine. Seventeen traditional herbal remedies are used to control trypanosomosis of ruminants in the area. Their modes of preparation and administration to ruminants are described according to surveyed farmers.

We report a case of anal cancer with iris metastasis and summarize the iris metastasis literature. A 69 years old woman with a history of anal cancer presented with a visual field loss. Slit lamp examination showed a pink ovular mass on the iris of the left eye which was typical of iris metastasis. Because of worse prognosis of metastatic cancer and any ocular complications, the patient was treated by radiotherapy which allowed a clinical improvement. A review of medical records was performed to assess the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Anal carcinoma can metastasize to the iris. Radiotherapy allows a good local control of tumour but the prognosis depends on systemic disease which is generally bad.

Patients with gastric adenocarcinoma frequently develop hepatic metastases or peritoneal carcinosis but involvement of the skeletal muscle is extremely rare. We report the case of a 71-year-old man with a painful soft tissue mass in the right shoulder. Two years previously, the patient had been treated for a locally advanced gastric carcinoma (surgery plus chemoradiotherapy). Surgical exploration with biopsy showed skeletal muscle metastasis from the gastric adenocarcinoma in the deltoid muscle. Chemoradiotherapy resulted in complete regression of symptoms from the metastatic lesion. The patient is alive and free of recurrence in the deltoid muscle after a follow-up of 13 months. Based on this case study, the difficulty of diagnosing skeletal muscle metastases, the prognosis and treatment options are discussed.

Background The risks of chemoradiotherapy in elderly patients with rectal cancer have not yet been well-characterised. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients with rectal cancer over 70 years old who were treated with chemoradiotherapy in two French university hospitals. Results A total of 125 patients were evaluated. Mean age was 75.1 ± 4.1 years and ranged from 70 to 90 years. Adverse effects ≥ grade 2 were observed in 32% of the patients and adverse effects ≥ grade 3 in 15%. Dose reduction for toxicity was performed in 18% of the patients and chemoradiotherapy discontinuation was necessary in 9%. Postoperative morbidity was 16% with two treatment-related deaths. Two-year survival rate was 84%. No variables had any influence on treatment-related adverse events. Conclusions In selected elderly patients, chemoradiotherapy is well-tolerated, without any significant increase in adverse events, and the results are similar to those recorded in younger patients.

Background and Objectives Definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is considered curative intent treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Data concerning the usefulness of definitive CRT in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (ADC) are lacking. The aim of the study was to compare the results of definitive CRT versus surgery in patients with an ADC. Methods All consecutive patients with a non-metastatic ADC treated between 1994 and 2008 were retrospectively assessed. Patients were divided into two groups: surgery group (±pre-operative treatment) versus definitive CRT group. Results In surgery and definitive CRT groups, 67 and 79 patients were evaluated, respectively. A complete resection was achieved in 92.5% of patients in surgery group and a clinical complete response was observed in 49.4% of patients in definitive CRT group. Overall survival was 36.2 ± 2.0 months in surgery group versus 16.5 ± 0.8 months in definitive CRT group (P = 0.02). The predictive factors of survival were age (P

Objective:To evaluate the clinical course and pathological characteristics of basaloid head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Method:Retrospective study of 18 cases of basaloid head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Epidemiological, clinical and histological data were analysed and the Kaplan–Meier test used to estimate survival rates.Results:The majority of lesions were at an advanced stage. These lesions were primarily localised in the larynx, hypopharynx and oropharynx. Routine pre-therapeutic assessment of squamous cell carcinoma was performed. Pathological diagnosis was difficult, although immunostaining was extremely useful. Positive staining for KL1, MNF 116 and 34βE12 and negative immunostaining for chromogranin and synaptophysin were also important factors in obtaining a definitive diagnosis. In the majority of cases, treatment involved surgery and radiotherapy. The five-year survival rate was 5 per cent.Conclusion:Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is an uncommon head and neck lesion, with a challenging histological diagnosis. These lesions must be carefully monitored due to their aggressive course, and require multimodality treatment.

Little is known about chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in elderly patients with a locally advanced oesophageal cancer (OC). The aim of our study was to evaluate the tolerance and the outcome of elderly patients older than 70 years treated with CRT for a non-metastatic OC. Chemoradiotherapy was based on radiotherapy combined with a cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Clinical complete response (CCR) to CRT was evaluated on upper digestive endoscopy and computed tomography scan 6-8 weeks after CRT completion. One hundred and nine consecutive patients were included. A CCR was observed in 63 patients (57.8%) and 2-year survival was 35.5%. Adverse eventsor =grade 3 were observed in 26 (23.8%) patients. Chemotherapy dose reduction, chemotherapy delays more than 1 week, and treatment discontinuation were observed in 33 (30.3%), 45 (41.3%), and 17 patients (15.6%), respectively. Comorbidity index according to Charlson score was significantly associated with treatment tolerance. In multivariate analysis, a CCR to CRT (P0.01), a dose of radiotherapyor =80% (P=0.02), and a Charlson scoreor =2 (P=0.046) were identified as independent prognostic factors of overall survival. These results suggest that CRT could be considered as an effective treatment without major toxicity in elderly patients with OC.

Objectives: The impact of the histological tumour type in patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for an oesophageal cancer is not well established. The aim of this retrospective matched-pair analysis was to evaluate the clinical complete response (CCR) to definitive CRT and the outcome between 2 groups of patients. Methods: Fifty-seven patients with an oesophageal adenocarcinoma (ADC) were matched according to the tumour stage and the WHO performance as well as the CRT regimen status including 57 patients with an oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). CRT was based on radiotherapy combined with a cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Results: A CCR was observed in 40 patients (70.2%) with an SCC as compared with 26 patients (45.6%) with an ADC (p = 0.013). SCC patients received significantly more of planned cisplatin and radiotherapy doses than ADC patients (82.0 vs. 67.7%, p = 0.042, and 92.5 vs. 84.5%, p = 0.023, respectively). In responders to CRT, local recurrence was significantly more frequent in SCC patients (52.5 vs. 26.9%, p = 0.046). Median survival in all patients as well as in responders to CRT was not different between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Our study showed that treatment completion and CCR to definitive CRT were more frequent in SCC with, however, more local recurrences in these patients. Further studies are required to confirm this difference in response rate to definitive CRT according to histological type of the tumour in oesophageal cancer.

To assess the impact of baseline nutritional status on treatment response and survival in nonmetastatic patients with a locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT).One hundred five patients with LAEC treated by definitive CRT were retrospectively included. The CRT regimen was based on an external radiotherapy (RT) delivered concomitantly to a cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CT). Patients were considered to have a complete response (CR) to CRT when no residual tumor was detected on CT scan and esophagoscopy performed 2 months after the end of CRT. Multivariate analysis of predictive factors of response to CRT and survival were performed using a logistic regression and a Cox model, respectively.Mean value of baseline nutritional parameters was significantly different between nonresponder (N = 42) and responder (N = 63) patients to CRT (weight loss 10%vs 5.8%, P= 0.0047; serum albumin level 35 g/L vs 38.7 g/L, P= 0.0004; BMI 22.8 kg/m2vs 25.2 kg/m2, P= 0.01). In multivariate analysis, serum albumin level35 g/L was the only independent predictive factor of CR to CRT (P= 0.009). Independent prognostic factors of survival were BMI18 kg/m2 (P= 0.003), dysphagia Atkinson score2 (P= 0.008), dose of RT50 Grays (Gy) (P0.0001) and CR to CRT (P0.0001).Survival was influenced by baseline nutritional status as well as dysphagia, dose of RT, and CR to CRT. Despite the retrospective design of the study, our results may provide the concept basis for performing a prospective nutritional intervention study in patients treated by definitive CRT for an esophageal cancer.

Objectifs La radiotherapie hypofractionnee stereotaxique des metastases vertebrales est tres efficace, mais augmente le risque fracturaire dans le volume traite. Des etudes precliniques et cliniques ont demontre que l’acide zoledronique reduisait ce risque fracturaire, activait le remodelage osseux et augmentait la reponse immunitaire et la radiosensibilite. Cette etude visait a evaluer la tolerance de l’acide zoledronique associe a la radiotherapie. Materiel et methodes Nous avons mene une etude multicentrique sur la delivrance conjointe d’une radiotherapie hypofractionnee stereotaxique de trois fractions de 9 Gy dans 90 % de la dose prescrite dans 90 % du volume cible previsionnel et d’acide zoledronique a raison de 12 injections mensuelles chez des patients atteints de metastases vertebrales (NCT01219790). Les criteres d’inclusion etaient la presence de metastase vertebrale avec une distance minimale de 5 mm entre le volume tumoral macroscopique et moelle epiniere, et une clairance de la creatinine de plus de 30 mL/min. Les criteres d’exclusion etaient un antecedent d’irradiation de la metastase vertebrale ou une symptomatologie neurologique. Les volumes traites ont ete definis selon le consensus international de radiochirurgie. L’objectif principal etait l’absence de toxicite medullaire a un an. Les objectifs secondaires etaient la tolerance aigue, le controle antalgique et local, la survenue d’evenements osseux et la survie globale. Resultats Trente patients, 25 hommes et cinq femmes, suivis en mediane 376j ont ete pris en charge pour 49 metastases vertebrales, huit cervicales, 19 thoraciques, 19 lombaires, et trois sacrees, secondaires a des cancers de la prostate (17), du rein (trois), du sein (trois), du poumon (trois), du colon–rectum (deux), et de sarcomes (deux). Les metastases vertebrales ont ete traitees par CyberKnife® (six), Tomotherapy® (18), Novalis® (20) ou Clinac® (cinq). Une toxicite aigue muqueuse de grade 3 ou plus a ete notee chez deux patients (le volume cible previsionnel depassait 170 cm3). Il n’y a eu aucune toxicite neurologique a un an mais une nevralgie cervicobrachiale a 6 mois resolutive. La douleur, mesuree par echelle visuelle numerique, a diminue, passant d’un score moyen de 1,43 a 1 mois et 0,96 a 3 mois, par rapport a l’inclusion (2,51). Un tassement vertebral a ete decrit chez deux patients. Le taux de controle local etait de 93,9 %, avec trois recidives locales. Conclusion La delivrance conjointe d’acide zoledronique et de radiotherapie hypofractionnee stereotaxique pour des metastases vertebrales est bien toleree mais peut augmenter la toxicite muqueuse aigue en cas de volume irradie important. Les resultats sont prometteurs a moyen terme avec une excellente efficacite, sans toxicite neurologique a un an.

The distribution of graphene units with an axial symmetry gives rise to different types of carbon filaments: nanotubes, nanofilaments and classical fibers. In this work the surfaces of different multiwalled nanotubes are characteirzed by two complementary techniques: chemical ones based on Total Surface Area and Active Surface Area measurements, associated with a physical approach the Raman scattering spectroscopy. From analysis of Raman data we deduce the values of the in-plane coherence lengths, identified as L1 the planar projection of gaphene sheets, and we propose an analysis for the observed line-width bahavior related to the graphitation step. From coherence length L1 for all types of MWNT. This analysis allows us to show the influence of both, the structural organization and the different treatments on the interfacial characteristics of these nanocarbons.

e17029 Background: TNFa was initially described as an inductor of apoptosis in cancer cells. In vitro data showed that TNFa can also activate anti-apoptotic signaling in cancer cells. We analyzed the prognostic value of the expression of TNFa and its receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 in HNC patients. Methods: Twenty-four patients treated for HNC were retrospectively analyzed for TNFa, TNFR1, and TNFR2 expression by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Tissue samples were collected at the time of initial diagnosis. Total RNA was reverse-transcribed with TaqMan quantitative RT-PCR (Applied Biosystems). Results were recorded as average threshold cycle, and relative expression was determined using Normalized Expressions method. Expression of TNFa, TNFR1, and TNFR2 was related to survival after 3 years of follow-up. Results: In the 24 patients, expression of TNFa (mean value 7.8, median 2.4, range 0.02–62.3), TNFR1 (mean value 58, median 49, range 0.02–246.9) and TNFR2 (mean value 4.8, median 3.3, range 0.8–18.9) demonstrated a great variability between patients. After a 3-year follow-up, 14 patients were alive without evolution of cancer (group A) and 10 were dead because of cancer evolution (group D). In group D, median level of TNFa was 8.8 whereas it was 1.1 in group A (p = 0.02). Median level of TNFR1 was 71.8 in group D and 28.5 in group A (p = 0.01). In contrast, median level of TNFR2 was 3.3 for both groups. Patients with high level of TNFa or TNFR1 expression had a worse survival (p = 0.01 and p = 0.009, respectively). There was also a strong correlation between high expression of TNFa and of TNFR1 (p = 0.0007). Conclusions: In this small series, TNFa and TNFR1 expression seem to have significant prognostic value to predict survival of HNC patients. This result needs to be confirmed in larger series and compared with usual prognostic factor. It suggests that TNFa expression could have a dual effect in HNC and that TNFR1 expression may play a role in this process. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Introduction Il existe peu de donnees sur la strategie therapeutique des cancers de l’œsophage (CO) chez le patient âge. Le but de cette etude est de decrire la prise en charge therapeutique et l’evolution de ces patients dans notre institution. Patients et Methodes Tous les patients de plus de 70 ans avec un CO, suivis entre 1994 et 2007, ont ete retrospectivement analyses. Les patients ont ete divises en 3 groupes : traitement a visee curative (CO sans metastase viscerale traites par radiochimiotherapie (RCT), chirurgie, radiotherapie, mucosectomie ou phototherapie dynamique), traitement a visee palliative (CO avec metastase(s) viscerale(s) traites par chimiotherapie (CT), RCT ou radiotherapie) ou soins symptomatiques (prothese œsophagienne ou abstention therapeutique). Les facteurs influencant le traitement et la survie ont ete recherches. Resultats Il a ete analyse 282 patients avec une moyenne d’âge de 76,5 ans (70 - 96 ans). La prevalence d’une comorbidite selon le score de Charlson etait de 30,7 % et 60,8 % des patients avaient un indice de performance OMS a 0 ou 1. La majorite des CO etait de type epidermoide (67,5 %) et 25,3 % des patients avaient une tumeur stade IV. Cent cinquante et un patients (53,5 %) ont beneficie d’un traitement a visee curative (majoritairement par RCT, n = 111), 35 patients (12,4 %) d’un traitement palliatif (majoritairement par CT, n = 22) et 96 patients (34,0 %) de soins symptomatiques. Parmi les patients stade M0 ou M1a (n = 215), la majorite a recu un traitement a visee curative (n = 151, 70,2 %) mais parmi les patients avec une tumeur M1b (n = 62), la majorite a recu exclusivement des soins symptomatiques (n = 33). Des effets secondaires severes (≥ grade 3) lies au traitement etaient observes chez 17 % des patients. Les patients avec un traitement carcinologique etaient significativement plus jeunes (p Conclusion Cette premiere etude sur une large population de patients âges atteints d’un CO suggere que la realisation d’un traitement carcinologique est envisageable apres selection des patients en fonction des facteurs pronostiques et des comorbidites.

Background Even with the advent of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or concomitant chemoradiotherapy, little progress has been made in therapy of oral tongue cancer. So it could be interesting to reassess definitive radiation therapy value in this pathology. Purpose Evaluate our long-term results in oral tongue cancer. Materials and methods Fourty-four patients with epidermoid oral tongue cancer were successively treated in our department from 1972 to 1979. There were 38 men, 6 women. Age ranged from 43 to 78 (mean 60). There were 17 T1, 20 T2, 7 T3 and 5 Np. They were treated with brachytherapy (24 cases) or radiation therapy + brachytherapy (20 cases) on their primary. Radical neck dissection was conducted before or after treatment of the primary in 22 cases. Endpoints were local control, metastasis, second primaries, survival and tolerance of treatment. Conclusion Despite a good local control with radiation therapy, distant metastasis and second primaries result in a very low survival. Alternative therapies (as retinoids?) are still awaited in this bad prognosis alcoholism and tobacco use induced pathology.

Background Only limited data has been reported so far regarding oesophageal cancer (EC) in elderly patients. The aim of the study is to identify the baseline parameters that influenced therapeutic decision. Methods All consecutive patients 70 years or older being treated for EC were retrospectively analyzed. Patients without visceral metastasis were divided into two groups: treatment with curative intent (chemoradiotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, mucosectomy or photodynamic therapy) or best supportive care (BSC). Patients with metastasis were divided into two groups: palliative treatment (chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy) or BSC. Results Two hundred and eighty-two patients were studied. Mean age was 76.5 ± 5.5 years and 22.4% of patients had visceral metastasis. In patients without visceral metastasis (n = 220) the majority had treatment with curative intent (n = 151) whereas in patients with metastasis (n = 62) the majority had BSC (n = 32). Severe adverse events (≥ grade 3) were observed in only 17% of the patients. Patients without specific carcinologic treatment were older, had more weight loss, worse WHO performance status and Charlson score in multivariate analysis. Discussion Our results suggest that elderly patients with an EC could benefit from cancer treatment without major toxicities. Weight loss, WHO performance status and the Charlson score could be used to select the appropriate treatment in an elderly patient.