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Understanding spin textures in magnetic systems is extremely important to the spintronics and it is vital to extrapolate the magnetic Hamiltonian parameters through the experimentally determined spin. It can provide a better complementary link between theories and experimental results. We demonstrate deep learning can quantify the magnetic Hamiltonian from magnetic domain images. To train the deep neural network, we generated domain configurations with Monte Carlo method. The errors from the estimations was analyzed with statistical methods and confirmed the network was successfully trained to relate the Hamiltonian parameters with magnetic structure characteristics. The network was applied to estimate experimentally observed domain images. The results are consistent with the reported results, which verifies the effectiveness of our methods. On the basis of our study, we anticipate that the deep learning techniques make a bridge to connect the experimental and theoretical approaches not only in magnetism but also throughout any scientific research.

The total population of the world reached 7 billion in October 2011, and the United Nations has forecasted that the world population in 2050 will be around 9 billion. What are the environmental implications of rapid population growth? Globally, over half of the world’s population (54%) lives in urban areas in 2014 although there is still substantial variability in the levels of urbanization across countries. If we review the history, in 1800, only 3% of the world’s population lived in urban areas. In 1900, almost 14% of populations were urbanites and in 1950, 30% of the world’s population resided in urban centres. The world has been experiencing unprecedented urban growth in recent decades. The coming decades will bring further profound changes to the size and spatial distribution of the global population. The continuing urbanization and overall growth of the world’s population is projected to add 2.5 billion people to the urban population by 2050, with nearly 90% of the increase are being concentrated in Asia and Africa. At the same time, the proportion of the world’s population living in urban areas is expected to increase, reaching 70% by 2050. The process of urbanization historically has been associated with other important economic and social transformations, which have brought greater geographic mobility, lower fertility, longer life expectancy and population ageing. Cities are important drivers of development and poverty reduction in both urban and rural areas, as they concentratemuch of the national economic activity, government, commerce and transportation. Urban living is often associated with higher levels of literacy and education, better health, greater access to social services, and enhanced opportunities for cultural and political participation. Nevertheless, rapid and unplanned urban growth threatens sustainable development when the necessary infrastructure and policies have not been developed or not been implemented to ensure that the benefits of city life are equitably shared. Today, despite the comparative advantage of cities, urban areas are unequal and hundreds of millions of the world’s urban poor live in sub-standard conditions caused by rapid sprawl, pollution and environmental degradation, together with unsustainable production and consumption patterns. The United Nations’ system has an essential role to support work for amore sustainable future for everyone. The concept was globally inaugurated in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development (so-called BrundtlandCommission). In the last two decades, the concept of ‘Sustainable Development’ has become essential political and ethical guideline for dealing with the Earth’s ecological and social crisis. The paper on the historical evolution of the concept of sustainability is thought to be a contribution to the 20 th anniversary of the report of the Brundtland Commision, which paved the way to the Rio summit and defined ‘sustainable development’ in 1987 as ‘a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’. This particular way of thinking and acting is deeply rooted in the cultures of the world. The United Nations has introduced a programmatic guideline for the 21 st century’s urbanization and this should be integrally connected to the three pillars of sustainable development: economic development, social development and environmental protection. The UN programme for human settlements (UNHABITAT) was established in 1974 to provide a focal point for all urbanization and human settlement matters within the UN system and is mandated by the UN General Assembly, which has an aim to help the urban poor by transforming cities into safer, healthier, greener places with better opportunities where everyone can live in dignity. The main documents outlining UNHABITAT’s mandate are the Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements (Habitat I), the Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlements (Habitat II), the Declaration on Cities and Other Human Settlements in the new Millennium Development Goal (MDG). The MDGs are eight goals that all 191 UN member states

Nanocomposites with polypropylene/clay/wood flour were prepared by melt compounding. Thermal, mechani- cal and morphological properties were characterized. The addition of clay, compatibilizer and wood flour considerably improved the thermal stability (i.e., decomposition and melting temperatures) of the hybrids. The tensile modulus and strength of most hybrids were highly increased with the increased loading of clay, MAPP and wood flour, compared to the hybrids without wood flour. The wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns showed the increased d-spacing of clay layers, indicating enhanced compatibility between PP and clay with the addition of maleated polypropylene (MAPP). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photomicrographs illustrated the intercalated and partially exfoliated structures of the hybrids with clay, MAPP and wood flour.

The initial formation of silicon carbide by the interaction of 1,3-disilabutane (DSB) with a Si(111) surface has been studied in the temperature range of 100–1200 K using the low-energy Cs+ reactive scattering and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). By combining the results of these two techniques, adspecies in the intermediate states during the decomposition of DSB were qualitatively identified and the binding energies and full widths at half maximum of their C(1s) peaks were characterized. At 100 K, 1,3-DSB was found to adsorb on the surface as the C2H8Si2 species as well as CH4Si and to condense molecularly on the monolayer of C2H8Si2 adspecies. XPS indicates that the molecular species desorbs mostly at 200 K and completely at 300 K. Up to 600 K, the C2H8Si2 adspecies are converted to CH4Si with increasing temperature and then above this temperature the CH4Si species decomposes to form the SiC film. The intensity variations of Si(2p) and total C(1s) peaks and the analysis by curve fitting of the C(...

This study was carried out to reduce the possibility of high-order multiple gestations and the failure of embryo transfer by determining their replacement date based on the number and quality of 2-day embryos.All zygotes were cocultured with cumulus cells in 10 microliters of YS medium containing 10% human follicular fluid (hFF) for 48 or 96 hr. In period I, all embryos were transferred on day 3 (1032 cycles). In period II, the embryos were transferred on either day 3 or day 5 by determining their replacement date based on the number and quality of 2-day embryos: there were 2701 patients in whom embryos were replaced on day 3 (in the case that the number of zygotes was less than eight and the number of good-quality embryos was less than three) and 1952 patients less than 40 years old in whom embryos were replaced on day 5 (in the case that the number of zygotes was eight or more and/or the number of good-quality embryos was three or more). On the other hand, patients who were 40 years old or more were alloted to day 3 transfer cycles, regardless of the number and quality of the 2-day embryos, due to the possibility of their not producing blastocyst-stage embryos in vitro.The number of embryos transferred in period II was 2.9 +/- 0.6, while that in period I was 3.7 +/- 0.5. The multiple pregnancy rate was significantly decreased in period II (30.7%) compared to that (49.6%) in period I, while the pregnancy and implantation rates in period II (36.1 and 16.4%, respectively) were not lower than those (34.9 and 16.1%, respectively) in period I. The rate of triplet or more gestations was significantly minimized in period II (2.3%) compared to that in period I (26.5%).We propose that determination of the date on which embryos should be transferred based on the number and quality of embryos on day 2 may help to maintain an acceptable pregnancy rate, while minimizing embryo transfer failure and high-order multiple gestations.

Proposed is the advanced minimum coupling loss (A-MCL) method derived via a power spectral density analysis in order to analyse the coexistence of OFDM based International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-Advanced systems and point-to-point fixed service microwave systems. It is shown that the proposed A-MCL can calculate interference power more accurately than the conventional MCL method by a maximum value of 4.5 dB.