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1. Tropospheric ozone from IASI: comparison of different inversion algorithms and validation with ozone sondes in the northern middle latitudes

Author

R. Stübi, D. Moore, F. J. Schmidlin, K. Lambkin, M. López Bartolomé, R. Kivi, T. Koide, H. Kelder, H. Dier, B. Johnson, H. Claude, D. Hurtmans, P.-F. Coheur, S. Payan, A. Boynard, C. Clerbaux, J.-M. Flaud, M. Höpfner, G. Dufour, M. Eremenko, J. Orphal, and C. Keim

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

This paper presents a first statistical validation of tropospheric ozone products derived from measurements of the IASI satellite instrument. Since the end of 2006, IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) aboard the polar orbiter Metop-A measures infrared spectra of the Earth's atmosphere in nadir geometry. This validation covers the northern mid-latitudes and the period from July 2007 to August 2008. Retrieval results from four different sources are presented: three are from scientific products (LATMOS, LISA, LPMAA) and the fourth one is the pre-operational product distributed by EUMETSAT (version 4.2). The different products are derived from different algorithms with different approaches. The difference and their implications for the retrieved products are discussed. In order to evaluate the quality and the performance of each product, comparisons with the vertical ozone concentration profiles measured by balloon sondes are performed and lead to estimates of the systematic and random errors in the IASI ozone products (profiles and partial columns). A first comparison is performed on the given profiles; a second comparison takes into account the altitude dependent sensitivity of the retrievals. Tropospheric columnar amounts are compared to the sonde for a lower tropospheric column (surface to about 6 km) and a "total" tropospheric column (surface to about 11 km). On average both tropospheric columns have small biases for the scientific products, less than 2 Dobson Units (DU) for the lower troposphere and less than 1 DU for the total troposphere. The comparison of the still pre-operational EUMETSAT columns shows higher mean differences of about 5 DU.

Published
2009

2. Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic winter 2002/2003 determined with Match

Author

M. Streibel, M. Rex, P. von der Gathen, R. Lehmann, N. R. P. Harris, G. O. Braathen, E. Reimer, H. Deckelmann, M. Chipperfield, G. Millard, M. Allaart, S. B. Andersen, H. Claude, J. Davies, H. De Backer, H. Dier, V. Dorokov, H. Fast, M. Gerding, E. Kyrö, Z. Litynska, D. Moore, E. Moran, T. Nagai, H. Nakane, C. Parrondo, P. Skrivankova, R. Stübi, G. Vaughan, P. Viatte, and V. Yushkov

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The Match technique was used to determine chemically induced ozone loss inside the stratospheric vortex during the Arctic winter 2002/2003. From end of November 2002, which is the earliest start of a Match campaign ever, until end of March 2003 approximately 800 ozonesondes were launched from 34 stations in the Arctic and mid latitudes. Ozone loss rates were quantified from the beginning of December until mid-March in the vertical region of 400–550 K potential temperature. In accordance with the occurrence of a large area of conditions favourable for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds in December ozone destruction rates varied between 10–15 ppbv/day depending on height. Maximum loss rates around 35 ppbv/day were reached during late January. Afterwards ozone loss rates decreased until mid-March when the final warming of the vortex began. In the period from 2 December 2002 to 16 March 2003 the accumulated ozone loss reduced the partial ozone column of 400–500 K potential temperature by 56±4 DU. This value is in good agreement with that inferred from the empirical relation of ozone loss against the volume of potential polar stratospheric clouds within the northern hemisphere. The sensitivity of the results on recent improvements of the approach has been tested.

Published
2006

3. Vortex-averaged Arctic ozone depletion in the winter 2002/2003

Author

T. Christensen, B. M. Knudsen, M. Streibel, S. B. Andersen, A. Benesova, G. Braathen, H. Claude, J. Davies, H. De Backer, H. Dier, V. Dorokhov, M. Gerding, M. Gil, B. Henchoz, H. Kelder, R. Kivi, E. Kyrö, Z. Litynska, D. Moore, G. Peters, P. Skrivankova, R. Stübi, T. Turunen, G. Vaughan, P. Viatte, A. F. Vik, P. von der Gathen, and I. Zaitcev

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

A total ozone depletion of 68±7 Dobson units between 380 and 525K from 10 December 2002 to 10 March 2003 is derived from ozone sonde data by the vortex-average method, taking into account both diabatic descent of the air masses and transport of air into the vortex. When the vortex is divided into three equal-area regions, the results are 85±9DU for the collar region (closest to the edge), 52±5DU for the vortex centre and 68±7DU for the middle region in between centre and collar. Our results compare well with other studies: We find good agreement with ozone loss deduced from SAOZ data, with results inferred from POAM III observations and with results from tracer-tracer correlations using HF as the long-lived tracer. We find a higher ozone loss than that deduced by tracer-tracer correlations using CH4. We have made a careful comparison with Match results: The results were recalculated using a common time period, vortex edge definition and height interval. The two methods generally compare very well, except at the 475K level which exhibits an unexplained discrepancy.

Published
2005

4. Study of the effect of different type of aerosols on UV-B radiation from measurements during EARLINET

Author

D. S. Balis, V. Amiridis, C. Zerefos, A. Kazantzidis, S. Kazadzis, A. F. Bais, C. Meleti, E. Gerasopoulos, A. Papayannis, V. Matthias, H. Dier, and M. O. Andreae

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Routine lidar measurements of the vertical distribution of the aerosol extinction coefficient and the extinction-to-backscatter ratio have been performed at Thessaloniki, Greece using a Raman lidar system in the frame of the EARLINET project since 2000. Co-located spectral and broadband solar UV-B irradiance measurements, as well as total ozone observations, were available whenever lidar measurements were obtained. From the available measurements several cases could be identified that allowed the study of the effect of different types of aerosol on the levels of the UV-B solar irradiance at the Earth's surface. The TUV radiative transfer model has been used to simulate the irradiance measurements, using total ozone and the lidar aerosol data as input. From the comparison of the model results with the measured spectra the effective single scattering albedo was determined using an iterative procedure, which has been verified against results from the 1998 Lindenberg Aerosol Characterization Experiment. It is shown that for the same aerosol optical depth and for the same total ozone values the UV-B irradiances at the Earth's surface can show differences up to 10%, which can be attributed to differences in the aerosol type. It is shown that the combined use of the estimated single scattering albedo and of the measured extinction-to-backscatter ratio leads to a better characterization of the aerosol type probed.

Published
2004

5. Field campaign LINEX 96/1 — Possibilities of water vapor observation in the free atmosphere

Author

H. Steinhagen, S. Bakan, J. Bösenberg, H. Dier, D. Engelbart, J. Fischer, G. Gendt, U Görsdorf, J. Güldner, F. Jansen, V. Lehmann, U. Leiterer, J. Neisser, and Volker Wulfmeyer

Subjects
differential absorption lidar (dial), rawinsonde measurement, tethersonde measurement, bias, wasserdampf, differentieller absorptions-lidar (dial), Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

LINEX 96/1 was a field experiment to assess information content, accuracy, and availability for different remote sensing techniques measuring water vapor. An important goal of LINEX 96/1 was the test of a new Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) developed by the MPI für Meteorologie Hamburg. Comparisons of DIAL with rawinsonde and tethersonde measurements showed an excellent accuracy of the DIAL method in the determination of water vapor with high vertical and temporal resolution. The operation of the microwave radiometer WVR-1100 showed a high availability of water vapor and liquid water column content measurements except during rain. Microwave radiometers are reliable systems to measure the precipitable water vapor and liquid water content under unattended operational conditions with high accuracy and temporal resolution. Measurements of the water vapor column content by groundbased GPS receivers proved highly reliable. Comparisons with corresponding values of the microwave radiometer showed a bias less than 0.6 mm and a standard deviation less than 0.9 mm. The main problem of an operational use of this new information is that the evaluated data are not available in real-time because, at present, the data have to be postprocessed in a ground control center. During LINEX 96/1, possibilities for estimation of water vapor column content from sun and star photometer measurements were also demonstrated. The comparison of the precipitable water vapor content measurements of sun and star photometers, microwave radiometer, and rawinsondes RS 80 showed a good agreement. Unfortunately, the use of optical methods like sun and star photometers is restricted by cloudy conditions. The field campaign LINEX 96/1 was an important contribution to the COST Action 76 by investigation of the new possibilities measuring water vapor in the free atmosphere with the objective of improvements of our knowledge about the 4-dimensional water vapor field.

Published
1998
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6. Corrigendum to 'Tropospheric ozone from IASI: comparison of different inversion algorithms and validation with ozone sondes in the northern middle latitudes' published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9329–9347, doi:10.5194/acp-9-9329-2009, 2009

Author

C. Keim, M. Eremenko, J. Orphal, G. Dufour, J.-M. Flaud, M. Höpfner, A. Boynard, C. Clerbaux, S. Payan, P.-F. Coheur, D. Hurtmans, H. Claude, H. De Backer, H. Dier, B. Johnson, H. Kelder, R. Kivi, T. Koide, M. López Bartolomé, K. Lambkin, D. Moore, F. J. Schmidlin, and R. Stübi

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

No abstract available.

Published
2010
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7. ForMAX – a beamline for multiscale and multimodal structural characterization of hierarchical materials

Author

K. Nygård, S. A. McDonald, J. B. González, V. Haghighat, C. Appel, E. Larsson, R. Ghanbari, M. Viljanen, J. Silva, S. Malki, Y. Li, V. Silva, C. Weninger, F. Engelmann, T. Jeppsson, G. Felcsuti, T. Rosén, K. Gordeyeva, L. D. Söderberg, H. Dierks, Y. Zhang, Z. Yao, R. Yang, E. M. Asimakopoulou, J. K. Rogalinski, J. Wallentin, P. Villanueva-Perez, R. Krüger, T. Dreier, M. Bech, M. Liebi, M. Bek, R. Kádár, A. E. Terry, H. Tarawneh, P. Ilinski, J. Malmqvist, and Y. Cerenius

Subjects
multiscale structural characterization, multimodal structural characterization, hierarchical materials, fibrous materials, small-angle x-ray scattering, wide-angle x-ray scattering, full-field x-ray microtomography, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

The ForMAX beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory provides multiscale and multimodal structural characterization of hierarchical materials in the nanometre to millimetre range by combining small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering with full-field microtomography. The modular design of the beamline is optimized for easy switching between different experimental modalities. The beamline has a special focus on the development of novel fibrous materials from forest resources, but it is also well suited for studies within, for example, food science and biomedical research.

Published
2024
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8. Spatially resolved structural and chemical properties of the white layer in machined Inconel 718 super alloy

Author

L. A. B. Marçal, H. Dierks, V. Bushlya, I. Lazar, D. Dzhigaev, Z. Ren, R. Rysov, A. Björling, M. Sprung, A. Mikkelsen, F. Lenrick, R. M'Saoubi, and J. Wallentin

Subjects
White layer, Inconel 718, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

Inconel 718 is one type of nickel-based alloy used for a large range of applications, including gas turbines and aeroengines components. Although mechanical and thermodynamic properties of this material have been deeply studied in the past years, a method able to investigate local properties of the thin white layer formed on the alloy surface after machining remains challenging. Here, a 90 nm X-ray beam is used to probe the local strain, crystal orientation, and chemical composition of grains in the white layer. Data reveals mosaicity induced by the tool during machining. The high spatial resolution, combined with crystal lattice sensitivity, shows that the average grain size is around 30 nm throughout the white layer, while the strain is anisotropic nearest to the surface. Results provide new insights on the basic properties of the white layer in super alloys, revealing important information about the impact of finish machining which might help to explain fatigue and cracking formation on these materials during their usage phase.

Published
2024
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9. Betreuung der Angehörigen von Organspendern an der Intensivstation

Author

C. Hörmann and H. Dier

Subjects
Nursing, business.industry, Emergency Medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Organ donation, Emergency Nursing, Culturally Competent Care, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, business
Abstract

Hintergrund Die Betreuung von und das Gesprach mit den Angehorigen von Organspendern gehort zu den schwierigsten Aufgaben an einer Intensivstation. Insbesondere die Qualitat des Gesprachs kann durch eine exakte und zeitgerechte Vorbereitung, Schaffung von entsprechenden Rahmenbedingungen und Ausbildung auf dem Gebiet der Kommunikation deutlich verbessert werden.

Published
2014
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11. Tropospheric ozone from IASI : comparison of different inversion algorithms and validation with ozone sondes in the northern middle latitudes

Author

David J. Moore, K. Lambkin, Rigel Kivi, M. López Bartolomé, Gaëlle Dufour, Maxim Eremenko, C. Keim, Takashi Koide, Anne Boynard, Michael Höpfner, Sébastien Payan, Hans Claude, Johannes Orphal, René Stübi, P.-F. Coheur, H. Dier, J. M. Flaud, F. J. Schmidlin, Cathy Clerbaux, Beverly J. Johnson, H. Kelder, Daniel Hurtmans, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Moleculaire pour l'Atmosphere et l'Astrophysique (LPMAA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg (MOHp), Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory - Richard Assmann Observatory (MOL-RAO), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Applied Physics [Eindhoven], Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Irish Meteorological Service, United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Fluids and Flows, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), and Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer, Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer, Atmospheric sciences, Tropospheric ozone, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, lcsh:Chemistry, 010309 optics, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Orbiter, law, 0103 physical sciences, IASI satellite instrument, Interferómetro Espacial Infrarrojo, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Inversion algorithms, Algoritmos, Dobson unit, Ozono troposférico, Inversion (meteorology), lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Middle latitudes, Environmental science, Algorithm, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

This paper presents a first statistical validation of tropospheric ozone products derived from measurements of the IASI satellite instrument. Since the end of 2006, IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) aboard the polar orbiter Metop-A measures infrared spectra of the Earth's atmosphere in nadir geometry. This validation covers the northern mid-latitudes and the period from July 2007 to August 2008. Retrieval results from four different sources are presented: three are from scientific products (LATMOS, LISA, LPMAA) and the fourth one is the pre-operational product distributed by EUMETSAT (version 4.2). The different products are derived from different algorithms with different approaches. The difference and their implications for the retrieved products are discussed. In order to evaluate the quality and the performance of each product, comparisons with the vertical ozone concentration profiles measured by balloon sondes are performed and lead to estimates of the systematic and random errors in the IASI ozone products (profiles and partial columns). A first comparison is performed on the given profiles; a second comparison takes into account the altitude dependent sensitivity of the retrievals. Tropospheric columnar amounts are compared to the sonde for a lower tropospheric column (surface to about 6 km) and a "total" tropospheric column (surface to about 11 km). On average both tropospheric columns have small biases for the scientific products, less than 2 Dobson Units (DU) for the lower troposphere and less than 1 DU for the total troposphere. The comparison of the still pre-operational EUMETSAT columns shows higher mean differences of about 5 DU.

Published
2009
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12. Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic winter 2002/2003 determined with Match

Author

Martyn P. Chipperfield, Vladimir Yushkov, Markus Rex, David J. Moore, H. Fast, G. A. Millard, Geraint Vaughan, Hideaki Nakane, Esko Kyrö, Geir O. Braathen, Ralph Lehmann, Hans Claude, P. Viatte, Neil R. P. Harris, Signe B. Andersen, E. Moran, J. Davies, H. Dier, Tomohiro Nagai, E. Reimer, H. Deckelmann, Z. Litynska, P. von der Gathen, René Stübi, P. Skrivankova, Michael Gerding, Marc Allaart, C. Parrondo, H. De Backer, M. Streibel, V. Dorokov, Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit [Cambridge] (EORCU), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Met. Institute, FU Berlin, University of Leeds, Centre for Atmospheric Science [Cambridge, UK], Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Meteorological Service of Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, RMI, MOL, CAO, Pervomajskaya Street 3, Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik (IAP), Universität Rostock-Leibniz Association, SMO, MWM, Centre of Aerology, Met. Office, Fitzroy Road, IMS, Valentia Observatory, Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), INTA, Czech Hydrometical Institute, Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Department of Physics, University of Wales, SMI, University of Manchester, and School of Earth

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, The arctic, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Middle latitudes, Environmental science, Potential temperature, lcsh:Physics, Ozone column, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Match technique was used to determine chemically induced ozone loss inside the stratospheric vortex during the Arctic winter 2002/2003. From end of November 2002, which is the earliest start of a Match campaign ever, until end of March 2003 approximately 800 ozonesondes were launched from 34 stations in the Arctic and mid latitudes. Ozone loss rates were quantified from the beginning of December until mid-March in the vertical region of 400–550 K potential temperature. In accordance with the occurrence of a large area of conditions favourable for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds in December ozone destruction rates varied between 10–15 ppbv/day depending on height. Maximum loss rates around 35 ppbv/day were reached during late January. Afterwards ozone loss rates decreased until mid-March when the final warming of the vortex began. In the period from 2 December 2002 to 16 March 2003 the accumulated ozone loss reduced the partial ozone column of 400–500 K potential temperature by 56±4 DU. This value is in good agreement with that inferred from the empirical relation of ozone loss against the volume of potential polar stratospheric clouds within the northern hemisphere. The sensitivity of the results on recent improvements of the approach has been tested.

Published
2006

13. Vortex-averaged Arctic ozone depletion in the winter 2002/2003

Author

Jonathan Davies, Hennie Kelder, René Stübi, Michael Gerding, P. Viatte, Signe B. Andersen, A. F. Vik, H. De Backer, P. von der Gathen, Geraint Vaughan, David J. Moore, Esko Kyrö, M. Streibel, I. Zaitcev, B. Henchoz, T. Christensen, Geir O. Braathen, Rigel Kivi, Z. Litynska, A. Benesova, Hans Claude, G. Peters, H. Dier, T. Turunen, Valery Dorokhov, P. Skrivankova, B. M. Knudsen, Manuel Gil, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik (IAP), Universität Rostock-Leibniz Association, Instituto Nacional de Téchnica Aerospacial, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), IMWM, United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], and University of Wales

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Dobson unit, Diabatic, 010501 environmental sciences, Total ozone, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ozone depletion, lcsh:QC1-999, Vortex, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Climatology, TRACER, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

A total ozone depletion of 68±7 Dobson units between 380 and 525K from 10 December 2002 to 10 March 2003 is derived from ozone sonde data by the vortex-average method, taking into account both diabatic descent of the air masses and transport of air into the vortex. When the vortex is divided into three equal-area regions, the results are 85±9DU for the collar region (closest to the edge), 52±5DU for the vortex centre and 68±7DU for the middle region in between centre and collar. Our results compare well with other studies: We find good agreement with ozone loss deduced from SAOZ data, with results inferred from POAMIII observations and with results from tracer-tracer correlations using HF as the long-lived tracer. We find a higher ozone loss than that deduced by tracer-tracer correlations using CH4. We have made a careful comparison with Match results: The results were recalculated using a common time period, vortex edge definition and height interval. The two methods generally compare very well, except at the 475K level which exhibits an unexplained discrepancy.

Published
2005
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14. Composite wind and temperature profiles obtained from a complex of in-situ and remote sensing measurement systems for the forcing of a boundary layer model

Author

H. Dier, Frank Beyrich, Ulrich Görsdorf, and Ulrich Leiterer

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Meteorology, Planetary boundary layer, SODAR, Forcing (mathematics), Wind profiler, Atmospheric temperature, law.invention, Boundary layer, law, Radiosonde, Environmental science, Radar, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Remote sensing
Abstract

¶This paper describes the configuration of measurement systems operated continuously at the Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg with the aim of constructing combined profiles of wind and temperature – so-called composite profiles – covering the boundary layer with high temporal and vertical resolution. This is required for the forcing of a micro-α-scale model in order to simulate the atmospheric boundary layer structure over a heterogeneous landscape during the LITFASS-98 experiment. The problems of combining measurements of different remote sensing and in-situ systems are briefly discussed. Although the measuring range of individual remote sensing systems is variable, the height coverage of wind and temperature profile measurements by sodar/RASS and two wind profiler radar/RASS complement each other very well. Using a simple merging procedure composite wind and temperature profiles have been synthesized based on radiosonde, windprofiler/RASS, sodar/RASS and tower measurements. Time-height cross sections of hourly composite profiles show considerably more details of the boundary layer structure than simple radiosonde interpolation due to the higher sampling frequency, higher vertical resolution and increased accuracy at the lower levels.

Published
2002
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15. [Providing support to relatives of organ donors in the intensive care unit]

Author

H, Dier and C, Hörmann

Subjects
Brain Death, Intensive Care Units, Caregivers, Germany, Adaptation, Psychological, Communication Barriers, Humans, Social Support, Ethics, Medical, Empathy, Culturally Competent Care, Tissue Donors
Abstract

Providing support and talking to the relatives of organ donors is one of the most difficult tasks in an intensive care unit. The quality of this task, especially the quality of the conversation, can be significantly improved by exact and timely preparation as well as by the creation of the respective framework conditions and training in the area of communication.The exact preparation includes knowledge about the patient and their relatives, their cultural and religious background, medical data, and the findings of examinations. An important aspect is the knowledge and the consideration of ethical differences in different cultures as well as overcoming language barriers with the help of an interpreter. Team meetings with the treating intensive care physician, the nursing staff, and the transplant coordinator ensure that all questions on the topic brain death and organ donation can be answered satisfactorily. At the beginning of the conversation, the uncomfortable news should be delivered. Only after the relatives have accepted the news about the death which can be recognized by their verbal and non-verbal statements should the doctor turn the conversation to organ donation.In the conversation, openness, empathy, authenticity, emotional support as well as friendly/attentive conversation technique are important. Communication skills can be improved through seminars and regular training.

Published
2014

16. [Untitled]

Author

Dimitris Balis, A. Gamma, S. J. Reid, Neil R. P. Harris, H. De Backer, Christos Zerefos, Esko Kyrö, M. J. Molyneux, Valery Dorokhov, H. Fast, R. Krüger-Carstensen, Manuel Gil, Markus Rex, G. Murphy, A. Beck, Fiona M. O'Connor, I. S. Mikkelsen, H. Dier, E. Reimer, P. von der Gathen, Z. Litynska, Martyn P. Chipperfield, R. Alfier, Markku Rummukainen, and Geir O. Braathen

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Ozone, Dobson unit, Diabatic, Atmospheric sciences, The arctic, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Polar vortex, Climatology, Environmental Chemistry, Potential temperature, Environmental science, Stratosphere, Loss rate
Abstract

The chemically induced ozone loss inside the Arctic vortex during the winter 1994/95 has been quantified by coordinated launches of over 1000 ozonesondes from 35 stations within the Match 94/95 campaign. Trajectory calculations, which allow diabatic heating or cooling, were used to trigger the balloon launches so that the ozone concentrations in a large number of air parcels are each measured twice a few days apart. The difference in ozone concentration is calculated for each pair and is interpreted as a change caused by chemistry. The data analysis has been carried out for January to March between 370 K and 600 K potential temperature. Ozone loss along these trajectories occurred exclusively during sunlit periods, and the periods of ozone loss coincided with, but slightly lagged, periods where stratospheric temperatures were low enough for polar stratospheric clouds to exist. Two clearly separated periods of ozone loss show up. Ozone loss rates first peaked in late January with a maximum value of 53 ppbv per day (1.6 % per day) at 475 K and faster losses higher up. Then, in mid-March ozone loss rates at 475 K reached 34 ppbv per day (1.3 % per day), faster losses were observed lower down and no ozone loss was found above 480 K during that period. The ozone loss in hypothetical air parcels with average diabetic descent rates has been integrated to give an accumulated loss through the winter. The most severe depletion of 2.0 ppmv (60 %) took place in air that was at 515 K on 1 January and at 450 K on 20 March. Vertical integration over the levels from 370 K to 600 K gives a column loss rate, which reached a maximum value of 2.7 Dobson Units per day in mid-March. The accumulated column loss between 1 January and 31 March was found to be 127 DU (∼36 %).

Published
1999
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17. A trajectory-based estimate of the tropospheric ozone column using the residual method

Author

Hennie Kelder, S. Chandra, Pieternel F. Levelt, Holger Vömel, E. Joseph, Esko Kyrö, S. J. Oltmans, Valery Dorokhov, Anne M. Thompson, Lucien Froidevaux, David J. Moore, Signe B. Andersen, John T. Merrill, Gérard Ancellet, René Stübi, Susan E. Strahan, P. Viatte, Jonathan Davies, Georg Hansen, Masatomo Fujiwara, B. Bojkov, Nathaniel J. Livesey, P. von der Gathen, Gert J. R. Coetzee, H. De Backer, G. Koenig-Langlo, Bryan N. Duncan, P. Skrivankova, Hans Claude, David W. Tarasick, Pawan K. Bhartia, Greg Bodeker, Gary A. Morris, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Margarita Yela, Jacquelyn C. Witte, H. Dier, Beverly J. Johnson, Marc Allaart, M. C. Parrondos, Bertrand Calpini, Emilio Cuevas, G. Zablocki, Susan S. Kulawik, Françoise Posny, Mark R. Schoeberl, Michael J. Newchurch, F. J. Schmidlin, Alberto Redondas, C. P. Leong, Jerald R. Ziemke, Valérie Thouret, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GEST), University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Environment Canada (Downsview), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Atmospheric Science [Huntsville], University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Arctic Research Centre of Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Laboratorio de Atmosfera [Madrid], Spanish Space Agency, Centre of Aerology [Poland], Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory - Richard Assmann Observatory (MOL-RAO), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Marine and Coastal Management, South African Government, Graduate School of Environmental Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique de l'atmosphère (LPA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Valparaiso], Valparaiso University, Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation [Malaysia] (MOSTI), Howard University, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Fluids and Flows

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Residual method, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Microwave Limb Sounder, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), pollution, Tropospheric ozone, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Ozone Monitoring Instrument, tropospheric ozone, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, air quality, Geophysics, Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Middle latitudes, Environmental science, Tropospheric column ozone, Tropopause
Abstract

We estimate the tropospheric column ozone using a forward trajectory model to increase the horizontal resolution of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) derived stratospheric column ozone. Subtracting the MLS stratospheric column from Ozone Monitoring Instrument total column measurements gives the trajectory enhanced tropospheric ozone residual (TTOR). Because of different tropopause definitions, we validate the basic residual technique by computing the 200-hPa-to-surface column and comparing it to the same product from ozonesondes and Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer measurements. Comparisons show good agreement in the tropics and reasonable agreement at middle latitudes, but there is a persistent low bias in the TTOR that may be due to a slight high bias in MLS stratospheric column. With the improved stratospheric column resolution, we note a strong correlation of extratropical tropospheric ozone column anomalies with probable troposphere-stratosphere exchange events or folds. The folds can be identified by their colocation with strong horizontal tropopause gradients. TTOR anomalies due to folds may be mistaken for pollution events since folds often occur in the Atlantic and Pacific pollution corridors. We also compare the 200-hPa-to-surface column with Global Modeling Initiative chemical model estimates of the same quantity. While the tropical comparisons are good, we note that chemical model variations in 200-hPa-to-surface column at middle latitudes are much smaller than seen in the TTOR.

Published
2007
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18. Arctic winter 2005: Implications for stratospheric ozone loss and climate change

Author

J. Davies, Vladimir Yushkov, A. D. Risley, Z. Litynska, M. Gerding, Karl W. Hoppel, Ross J. Salawitch, Christos Zerefos, Geir O. Braathen, M. C. Parrondo, Hans Claude, P. von der Gathen, David J. Moore, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Beverly J. Johnson, H. De Backer, P. Skrivankova, H. Dier, Hideaki Nakane, Esko Kyrö, René Stübi, Marc Allaart, H. Fast, Richard M. Bevilacqua, P. Viatte, Valery Dorokhov, Barbara Naujokat, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Signe B. Andersen, Neil R. P. Harris, Markus Rex, E. Reimer, H. Deckelmann, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit [Cambridge] (EORCU), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Institut für Meteorologie [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory - Richard Assmann Observatory (MOL-RAO), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik (IAP), Universität Rostock-Leibniz Association, Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Laboratory of Climatology and Atmospheric Environment [Athens] (LACAE), and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)

Subjects
Arctic sea ice decline, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Polar meteorology, Climate change, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, Middle atmosphere, 01 natural sciences, Ozone depletion, Arctic geoengineering, Geophysics, Arctic, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Polar vortex, Climatology, Ozone layer, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The Arctic polar vortex exhibited widespread regions of low temperatures during the winter of 2005, resulting in significant ozone depletion by chlorine and bromine species. We show that chemical loss of column ozone (ΔO3) and the volume of Arctic vortex air cold enough to support the existence of polar stratospheric clouds (VPSC) both exceed levels found for any other Arctic winter during the past 40 years. Cold conditions and ozone loss in the lowermost Arctic stratosphere (e.g., between potential temperatures of 360 to 400 K) were particularly unusual compared to previous years. Measurements indicate ΔO3 = 121 +/- 20 DU and that ΔO3 versus VPSC lies along an extension of the compact, near linear relation observed for previous Arctic winters. The maximum value of VPSC during five to ten year intervals exhibits a steady, monotonic increase over the past four decades, indicating that the coldest Arctic winters have become significantly colder, and hence are more conducive to ozone depletion by anthropogenic halogens.

Published
2006
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20. Arctic winter 2005: Implications for stratospheric ozone loss and climate change

Author

Rex, M. Salawitch, R.J. Deckelmann, H. von der Gathen, P. Harris, N.R.P. Chipperfield, M.P. Naujokat, B. Reimer, E. Allaart, M. Andersen, S.B. Bevilacqua, R. Braathen, G.O. Claude, H. Davies, J. De Backer, H. Dier, H. Dorokhov, V. Fast, H. Gerding, M. Godin-Beekmann, S. Hoppel, K. Johnson, B. Kyrö, E. Litynska, Z. Moore, D. Nakane, H. Parrondo, M.C. Risley Jr., A.D. Skrivankova, P. Stübi, R. Viatte, P. Yushkov, V. Zerefos, C.

Abstract

The Arctic polar vortex exhibited widespread regions of low temperatures during the winter of 2005, resulting in significant ozone depletion by chlorine and bromine species. We show that chemical loss of column ozone (ΔO3) and the volume of Arctic vortex air cold enough to support the existence of polar stratospheric clouds (VPSC) both exceed levels found for any other Arctic winter during the past 40 years. Cold conditions and ozone loss in the lowermost Arctic stratosphere (e.g., between potential temperatures of 360 to 400 K) were particularly unusual compared to previous years. Measurements indicate ΔO3 = 121 ± 20 DU and that ΔO3 versus VPSC lies along an extension of the compact, near linear relation observed for previous Arctic winters. The maximum value of VPSC during five to ten year intervals exhibits a steady, monotonic increase over the past four decades, indicating that the coldest Arctic winters have become significantly colder, and hence are more conducive to ozone depletion by anthropogenic halogens. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.

Published
2006

21. Comparison of microwave satellite humidity data and radiosonde profiles: A case study

Author

Viju O. John, H. Dier, Stefan A. Buehler, U. Leiterer, and M. Kuvatov

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Meteorology, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, law.invention, Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit, Radiative transfer, Relative humidity, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Remote sensing, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Depth sounding, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Radiosonde, Radiance, Environmental science, Satellite
Abstract

[1] This article documents a case study comparing radiosonde humidity data to Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) satellite humidity data. The study had two goals: first, to develop a robust method for such a comparison, and second, to check the quality and mutual consistency of radiosonde data, radiative transfer model, and AMSU data. The radiosonde data used are Vaisala RS80 data from the station Lindenberg of the German Weather Service (DWD), which have been subject to several corrections compared to the standard data processing. The radiative transfer model is the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS), and the AMSU data are those of the satellites NOAA 15 and 16 for the time periods 2001 and 2002. The comparison was done in radiance space, using a radiative transfer model to simulate AMSU radiances from the radiosonde data. The overall agreement is very good, with radiance biases below 1.5 K and standard deviations below 2 K. The main source of “noise” in the comparison is atmospheric inhomogeneity on the 10-km scale. While the radiosonde correction performed at Lindenberg significantly reduces the bias between simulated and measured AMSU radiance, there still remains a slope in the radiance difference. Possible reasons for this were investigated. Most likely, the radiosondes underestimate the relative humidity under extremely dry conditions, showing 0 %RH when the true value is 2–4 %RH.

Published
2004
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22. Study of the effect of different type of aerosols on UV-B radiation from measurements during EARLINET

Author

Alkiviadis F. Bais, H. Dier, Charikleia Meleti, Evangelos Gerasopoulos, Vassilis Amiridis, Stelios Kazadzis, Christos Zerefos, Dimitris Balis, Andreas Kazantzidis, Meinrat O. Andreae, Volker Matthias, Alexandros Papayannis, EGU, Publication, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Climatology and Atmospheric Environment [Athens] (LACAE), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), National Technical University of Athens [Athens] (NTUA), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, German Weather Service, and Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Single-scattering albedo, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Irradiance, Solar irradiance, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Aerosol, 010309 optics, Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, Lidar, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:551, Environmental science, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Uv b radiation
Abstract

Routine lidar measurements of the vertical distribution of the aerosol extinction coefficient and the extinction-to-backscatter ratio have been performed at Thessaloniki, Greece using a Raman lidar system in the frame of the EARLINET project since 2000. Co-located spectral and broadband solar UV-B irradiance measurements, as well as total ozone observations, were available whenever lidar measurements were obtained. From the available measurements several cases could be identified that allowed the study of the effect of different types of aerosol on the levels of the UV-B solar irradiance at the Earth's surface. The TUV radiative transfer model has been used to simulate the irradiance measurements, using total ozone and the lidar aerosol data as input. From the comparison of the model results with the measured spectra the effective single scattering albedo was determined using an iterative procedure, which has been verified against results from the 1998 Lindenberg Aerosol Characterization Experiment. It is shown that for the same aerosol optical depth and for the same total ozone values the UV-B irradiances at the Earth's surface can show differences up to 10%, which can be attributed to differences in the aerosol type. It is shown that the combined use of the estimated single scattering albedo and of the measured extinction-to-backscatter ratio leads to a better characterization of the aerosol type probed.

Published
2004
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23. Chemical depletion of Arctic ozone in winter 1999/2000

Author

Jeffery B. Greenblatt, Richard M. Bevilacqua, Kenneth C. Aikin, Jonathan Davies, R. Alfier, Markus Rex, G. Flesch, Valery Dorokhov, Hideaki Nakane, Esko Kyrö, E. Moran, D. C. Scott, Vladimir Yushkov, C. Parrondo, A. Schulz, Hans Claude, Ross J. Salawitch, H. Küllmann, Karl W. Hoppel, Klaus F. Künzi, M. J. Molyneux, B. R. Bojkov, James R. Podolske, Yutaka Kondo, Fred L. Moore, H. Dier, James J. Margitan, P. A. Romashkin, James W. Elkins, Jerry Lumpe, Geir O. Braathen, Tomohiro Nagai, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Eric A. Ray, P. Viatte, H. Deckelmann, P. von der Gathen, Darin W. Toohey, Erik Richard, Holger Vömel, Bhaswar Sen, M. Allart, Neil R. P. Harris, Christopher R. Webster, Dale F. Hurst, Paul O. Wennberg, H. De Backer, Mike Fromm, G. C. Toon, P. Skrivankova, Björn-Martin Sinnhuber, H. Jost, W. Davies, H. Fast, Armin Kleinböhl, M. von König, E. Reimer, Max Loewenstein, I. S. Mikkelsen, Z. Litynska, H. Bremer, Fabrizio Ravegnani, Roland Neuber, and Robert L. Herman

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, Ozone layer, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Dobson unit, Lead (sea ice), Paleontology, Forestry, Ozone depletion, ozone, Geophysics, chemistry, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, stratosphere, Environmental science, Chlorine monoxide
Abstract

During Arctic winters with a cold, stable stratospheric circulation, reactions on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) lead to elevated abundances of chlorine monoxide (ClO) that, in the presence of sunlight, destroy ozone. Here we show that PSCs were more widespread during the 1999/2000 Arctic winter than for any other Arctic winter in the past two decades. We have used three fundamentally different approaches to derive the degree of chemical ozone loss from ozonesonde, balloon, aircraft, and satellite instruments. We show that the ozone losses derived from these different instruments and approaches agree very well, resulting in a high level of confidence in the results. Chemical processes led to a 70% reduction of ozone for a region similar to1 km thick of the lower stratosphere, the largest degree of local loss ever reported for the Arctic. The Match analysis of ozonesonde data shows that the accumulated chemical loss of ozone inside the Arctic vortex totaled 117 +/- 14 Dobson units (DU) by the end of winter. This loss, combined with dynamical redistribution of air parcels, resulted in a 88 +/- 13 DU reduction in total column ozone compared to the amount that would have been present in the absence of any chemical loss. The chemical loss of ozone throughout the winter was nearly balanced by dynamical resupply of ozone to the vortex, resulting in a relatively constant value of total ozone of 340 +/- 50 DU between early January and late March. This observation of nearly constant total ozone in the Arctic vortex is in contrast to the increase of total column ozone between January and March that is observed during most years.

Published
2002
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24. Reconstruction of three-dimensional ozone fields using POAM III during SOLVE

Author

Hans Claude, Esko Kyrö, H. Dier, Karl W. Hoppel, Jonathan Davies, P. von der Gathen, Ross J. Salawitch, Joaquín Mariano Mantecón Sancho, Mike Fromm, Jerry Lumpe, William H. Swartz, Richard M. Bevilacqua, H. Debacker, Cora E. Randall, Steven A. Lloyd, and M. J. Molyneux

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Occultation, 010305 fluids & plasmas, chemistry.chemical_compound, Data assimilation, Geochemistry and Petrology, Potential vorticity, 0103 physical sciences, Ozone layer, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Mixing ratio, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment, Ecology, Northern Hemisphere, Paleontology, Forestry, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental science
Abstract

[1] In this paper we demonstrate the utility of the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III data for providing semiglobal three-dimensional ozone fields during the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) winter. As a solar occultation instrument, POAM III measurements were limited to latitudes of 63°N to 68°N during the SOLVE campaign but covered a wide range of potential vorticity. Using established mapping techniques, we have used the relation between potential vorticity and ozone measured by POAM III to calculate three-dimensional ozone mixing ratio fields throughout the Northern Hemisphere on a daily basis during the 1999/2000 winter. To validate the results, we have extensively compared profiles obtained from ozonesondes and the Halogen Occultation Experiment to the proxy O3 interpolated horizontally and vertically to the correlative measurement locations. On average, the proxy O3 agrees with the correlative observations to better than ∼5%, at potential temperatures below about 900 K and latitudes above about 30°N, demonstrating the reliability of the reconstructed O3 fields in these regions. We discuss the application of the POAM proxy ozone profiles for calculating photolysis rates along the ER-2 and DC-8 flight tracks during the SOLVE campaign, and we present a qualitative picture of the evolution of polar stratospheric ozone throughout the winter.

Published
2002
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25. Arctic ozone loss in threshold conditions: Match observations in 1997/1998 and 1998/1999

Author

Schulz, A. Rex, M. Harris, N.R.P. Braathen, G.O. Reimer, E. Alfier, R. Kilbane-Dawe, I. Eckermann, S. Allaart, M. Alpers, M. Bojkov, B. Cisneros, J. Claude, H. Cuevas, E. Davies, J. De Backer, H. Dier, H. Dorokhov, V. Fast, H. Godin, S. Johnson, B. Kois, B. Kondo, Y. Kosmidis, E. Kyrö, E. Litynska, Z. Mikkelsen, I.S. Molyneux, M.J. Murphy, G. Nagai, T. Nakane, H. O'Connor, F. Parrondo, C. Schmidlin, F.J. Skrivankova, P. Varotsos, C. Vialle, C. Viatte, P. Yushkov, V. Zerefos, C. Von Der Gathen, P.

Abstract

Chemical ozone loss rates inside the Arctic polar vortex were determined in early 1998 and early 1999 by using the Match technique based on coordinated ozonesonde measurements. These two winters provide the only opportunities in recent years to investigate chemical ozone loss in a warm Arctic vortex under threshold conditions, i.e., where the preconditions for chlorine activation, and hence ozone destruction, only occurred occasionally. In 1998, results were obtained in January and February between 410 and 520 K. The overall ozone loss was observed to be largely insignificant, with the exception of late February, when those air parcels exposed to temperatures below 195 K were affected by chemical ozone loss. In 1999, results are confined to the 475 K isentropic level, where no significant ozone loss was observed. Average temperatures were some 8° - 10° higher than those in 1995, 1996, and 1997, when substantial chemical ozone loss occurred. The results underline the strong dependence of the chemical ozone loss on the stratospheric temperatures. This study shows that enhanced chlorine alone does not provide a sufficient condition for ozone loss. The evolution of stratospheric temperatures over the next decade will be the determining factor for the amount of wintertime chemical ozone loss in the Arctic stratosphere. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union.

Published
2001

26. Match observations in the Arctic winter 1996/97: High stratospheric ozone loss rates correlate with low temperatures deep inside the polar vortex

Author

Schulz, A. Rex, M. Steger, J. Harris, N.R.P. Braathen, G.O. Reimer, E. Alfier, R. Beck, A. Alpers, M. Cisneros, J. Claude, H. De Backer, H. Dier, H. Dorokhov, V. Fast, H. Godin, S. Hansen, G. Kanzawa, H. Kois, B. Kondo, Y. Kosmidis, E. Kyrö, E. Litynska, Z. Molyneux, M.J. Murphy, G. Nakane, H. Parrondo, C. Ravegnani, F. Varotsos, C. Vialle, C. Viatte, P. Yushkov, V. Zerefos, C. Von Der Gathen, P.

Abstract

With the Match technique, which is based on the coordinated release of ozonesondes, chemical ozone loss rates in the Arctic stratospheric vortex in early 1997 have been quantified in a vertical region between 400 K and 550 K. Ozone destruction was observed from mid February to mid March in most of these levels, with maximum loss rates between 25 and 45 ppbv/day. The vortex averaged loss rates and the accumulated vertically integrated ozone loss have been smaller than in the previous two winters, indicating that the record low ozone columns observed in spring 1997 were partly caused by dynamical effects. The observed ozone loss is inhomogeneous through the vortex with the highest loss rates located in the vortex centre, coinciding with the lowest temperatures. Here the loss rates per sunlit hour reached 6 ppbv/h, while the corresponding vortex averaged rates did not exceed 3.9 ppbv/h.

Published
2000

28. Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder Ozone by ozonesonde and lidar measurements

Author

David W. Tarasick, Gert J. R. Coetzee, Hans Claude, P. Skrivankova, F. J. Schmidlin, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Robert Jarnot, G. Zablocki, R. E. Cofield, Françoise Posny, B. Bojkov, I. S. McDermid, P. Viatte, Michael J. Schwartz, Yan Jiang, Greg Bodeker, R. A. Fuller, Lucien Froidevaux, H. Dier, Hennie Kelder, Nathaniel J. Livesey, Beverly J. Johnson, Thierry Leblanc, Giovanni Laneve, S. J. Oltmans, H. De Backer, Brian Knosp, Marc Allaart, M. C. Parrondos, William H. Daffer, René Stübi, Robert S. Harwood, Michael J. Newchurch, Signe B. Andersen, Gary A. Morris, P. C. Stek, William G. Read, Margarita Yela, Bertrand Calpini, Brian J. Drouin, N. P. Leme, Joe W. Waters, W. V. Snyder, Esko Kyrö, D. T. Cuddy, Gert König-Langlo, Anne M. Thompson, R. P. Thurstans, V. S. Perun, P. von der Gathen, Masatomo Fujiwara, P. A. Wagner, L. S. Fook, Alyn Lambert, John T. Merrill, Holger Vömel, Jonathan Davies, M. J. Filipiak, Valérie Thouret, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Science [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Lauder Atmospheric Research Station, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Auckland] (NIWA), Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), South African Weather Service (SAWS), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory - Richard Assmann Observatory (MOL-RAO), Graduate School of Environmental Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Centro di Ricerca Progetto San Marco (CRPSM), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation [Malaysia] (MOSTI), Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Valparaiso], Valparaiso University, Department of Atmospheric Science [Huntsville], University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ozonesonde, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Soil Science, 02 engineering and technology, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, MLS, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Altitude, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ozone layer, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Tropospheric ozone, Stratosphere, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, validation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Microwave Limb Sounder, ozone, Geophysics, Lidar, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Middle latitudes, Environmental science, Aura
Abstract

We present validation studies of MLS version 2.2 upper tropospheric and stratospheric ozone profiles using ozonesonde and lidar data as well as climatological data. Ozone measurements from over 60 ozonesonde stations worldwide and three lidar stations are compared with coincident MLS data. The MLS ozone stratospheric data between 150 and 3 hPa agree well with ozonesonde measurements, within 8% for the global average. MLS values at 215 hPa are biased high compared to ozonesondes by A`20% at middle to high latitude, although there is a lot of variability in this altitude region. Comparisons between MLS and ground-based lidar measurements from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, from the Table Mountain Facility, California, and from the Observatoire de Haute-Provence, France, give very good agreement, within A`5%, for the stratospheric values. The comparisons between MLS and the Table Mountain Facility tropospheric ozone lidar show that MLS data are biased high by A`30% at 215 hPa, consistent with that indicated by the ozonesonde data. We obtain better global average agreement between MLS and ozonesonde partial column values down to 215 hPa, although the average MLS values at low to middle latitudes are higher than the ozonesonde values by up to a few percent. MLS v2.2 ozone data agree better than the MLS v1.5 data with ozonesonde and lidar measurements. MLS tropical data show the wave one longitudinal pattern in the upper troposphere, with similarities to the average distribution from ozonesondes. High upper tropospheric ozone values are also observed by MLS in the tropical Pacific from June to November.

Published
2007
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29. Investigation on mechanical properties and creep behavior of stir cast AZ91-SiCp composites

Author

Abhilash Viswanath, H. Dieringa, K.K. Ajith Kumar, U.T.S. Pillai, and B.C. Pai

Subjects
Composites, Optical microscopy, Mechanical properties, Creep characteristics, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract

The room temperature mechanical properties and high temperature creep behavior of AZ91 alloy reinforced with SiCp synthesized via stir casting have been evaluated. The mechanical properties showed improvement with respect to the amount of reinforcement content. The creep testing of the composites carried out at a temperature of 175 °C under constant stress of 80, 100 and 120 MPa reveals different creep characteristics depending upon the reinforcement content and the applied load. The true stress exponents of different composites calculated from minimum creep rate indicate the possible mechanisms of creep deformation.

Published
2015
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30. The MAREDAT global database of high performance liquid chromatography marine pigment measurements

Author

J. Peloquin, C. Swan, N. Gruber, M. Vogt, H. Claustre, J. Ras, J. Uitz, R. Barlow, M. Behrenfeld, R. Bidigare, H. Dierssen, G. Ditullio, E. Fernandez, C. Gallienne, S. Gibb, R. Goericke, L. Harding, E. Head, P. Holligan, S. Hooker, D. Karl, M. Landry, R. Letelier, C. A. Llewellyn, M. Lomas, M. Lucas, A. Mannino, J.-C. Marty, B. G. Mitchell, F. Muller-Karger, N. Nelson, C. O'Brien, B. Prezelin, D. Repeta, W. O. Jr. Smith, D. Smythe-Wright, R. Stumpf, A. Subramaniam, K. Suzuki, C. Trees, M. Vernet, N. Wasmund, and S. Wright

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

A global pigment database consisting of 35 634 pigment suites measured by high performance liquid chromatography was assembled in support of the MARine Ecosytem DATa (MAREDAT) initiative. These data originate from 136 field surveys within the global ocean, were solicited from investigators and databases, compiled, and then quality controlled. Nearly one quarter of the data originates from the Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), with an additional 17% and 19% stemming from the US JGOFS and LTER programs, respectively. The MAREDAT pigment database provides high quality measurements of the major taxonomic pigments including chlorophylls a and b, 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, alloxanthin, divinyl chlorophyll a, fucoxanthin, lutein, peridinin, prasinoxanthin, violaxanthin and zeaxanthin, which may be used in varying combinations to estimate phytoplankton community composition. Quality control measures consisted of flagging samples that had a total chlorophyll a concentration of zero, had fewer than four reported accessory pigments, or exceeded two standard deviations of the log-linear regression of total chlorophyll a with total accessory pigment concentrations. We anticipate the MAREDAT pigment database to be of use in the marine ecology, remote sensing and ecological modeling communities, where it will support model validation and advance our global perspective on marine biodiversity. The original dataset together with quality control flags as well as the gridded MAREDAT pigment data may be downloaded from PANGAEA: http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.793246.

Published
2013
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31. Match observations in the Arctic winter 1996/97: High stratospheric ozone loss rates correlate with low temperatures deep inside the polar vortex

Author

Vladimir Yushkov, E. Reimer, Markus Rex, Hiroshi Kanzawa, P. Viatte, J. Cisneros, Christos Zerefos, Neil R. P. Harris, J. Steger, Geir O. Braathen, Efstratios K. Kosmidis, G. Murphy, H. De Backer, R. Alfier, C. Parrondo, H. Fast, C. Vialle, Valery Dorokhov, B. Kois, Hideaki Nakane, Esko Kyrö, Hans Claude, M. Alpers, Georg Hansen, Sophie Godin, H. Dier, M. J. Molyneux, A. Schulz, Fabrizio Ravegnani, Costas A. Varotsos, Z. Litynska, Yutaka Kondo, A. Beck, P. von der Gathen, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit [Cambridge] (EORCU), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Institut für Meteorologie [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik (IAP), Universität Rostock-Leibniz Association, Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia [Madrid] (INM), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory - Richard Assmann Observatory (MOL-RAO), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Service d'aéronomie (SA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), Nagoya University, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Irish Meteorological Service (MET ÉIREANN), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Bologna] (CNR), Academy of Athens, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratospheric ozone, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polar vortex, Ozone layer, Low temperatures, Stratosphere, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Global change, Vortex, The arctic, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Climatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Loss rate
Abstract

With the Match technique, which is based on the coordinated release of ozonesondes, chemical ozone loss rates in the Arctic stratospheric vortex in early 1997 have been quantified in a vertical region between 400 K and 550 K. Ozone destruction was observed from mid February to mid March in most of these levels, with maximum loss rates between 25 and 45ppbv/day. The vortex averaged loss rates and the accumulated vertically integrated ozone loss have been smaller than in the previous two winters, indicating that the record low ozone columns observed in spring 1997 were partly caused by dynamical effects. The observed ozone loss is inhomogeneous through the vortex with the highest loss rates located in the vortex centre, coinciding with the lowest temperatures. Here the loss rates per sunlit hour reached 6 ppbv/h, while the corresponding vortex averaged rates did not exceed 3.9 ppbv/h. This work was supported by the Environment and Climate Programme of the Directorate General for Science and Technology (DG-XII) of the European Commission (contract no. ENV4-CT95-0145), the Bundesministeriumff ir Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschungu nd Technologie(B MBF) of Germany( contract no. 01 LO9508/6) and by all the countrieso f the participating personnel. AWI contribution number: 1549.

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32. Arctic ozone loss in threshold conditions: Match observations in 1997/1998 and 1998/1999

Author

E. Reimer, J. Cisneros, P. Skrivankova, Efstratios K. Kosmidis, Costas A. Varotsos, Markus Rex, C. Vialle, Hideaki Nakane, Esko Kyrö, A. Schulz, I. S. Mikkelsen, Christos Zerefos, Sophie Godin, Stephen D. Eckermann, H. De Backer, Valery Dorokhov, B. R. Bojkov, Neil R. P. Harris, Jonathan Davies, F. J. Schmidlin, Z. Litynska, Hans Claude, Marc Allaart, Emilio Cuevas, H. Dier, M. Alpers, G. Murphy, B. Kois, Beverly J. Johnson, Tomohiro Nagai, H. Fast, R. Alfier, C. Parrondo, P. Viatte, I. Kilbane-Dawe, P. von der Gathen, Yutaka Kondo, Geir O. Braathen, M. J. Molyneux, Vladimir Yushkov, Fiona M. O'Connor, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit [Cambridge] (EORCU), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Institut für Meteorologie [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics (AIP), Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia [Madrid] (INM), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia [Santa Cruz de Tenerife] (INM), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), Irish Meteorological Service (MET ÉIREANN), Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Centre for Atmospheric Science [Cambridge, UK], Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Swiss Federal Office of Metrology (METAS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Polar vortex, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Chlorine, Stratosphere, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Arctic ozone, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Atmospheric temperature, Ozone depletion, The arctic, Geophysics, chemistry, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Environmental science, Arctic vortex, Chemical ozone
Abstract

International audience; Chemical ozone loss rates inside the Arctic polar vortex were determined in early 1998 and early 1999 by using the Match technique based on coordinated ozonesonde measurements. These two winters provide the only opportunities in recent years to investigate chemical ozone loss in a warm Arctic vortex under threshold conditions, i.e., where the preconditions for chlorine activation, and hence ozone destruction, only occurred occasionally. In 1998, results were obtained in January and February between 410 and 520 K. The overall ozone loss was observed to be largely insignificant, with the exception of late February, when those air parcels exposed to temperatures below 195 K were affected by chemical ozone loss. In 1999, results are confined to the 475 K isentropic level, where no significant ozone loss was observed. Average temperatures were some 8°-10° higher than those in 1995, 1996, and 1997, when substantial chemical ozone loss occurred. The results underline the strong dependence of the chemical ozone loss on the stratospheric temperatures. This study shows that enhanced chlorine alone does not provide a sufficient condition for ozone loss. The evolution of stratospheric temperatures over the next decade will be the determining factor for the amount of wintertime chemical ozone loss in the Arctic stratosphere.

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33. [Comfort Terminal Care in the intensive care unit: recommendations for practice].

Author

Schaden E, Dier H, Weixler D, Hasibeder W, Lenhart-Orator A, Roden C, Fruhwald S, and Friesenecker B

Subjects
Humans, Palliative Care, Intensive Care Units, Critical Care, Pain Management, Terminal Care
Abstract

Background and Objective: The Working Group on Ethics in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine of the Austrian Society for Anesthesiology Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine (ÖGARI) already developed documentation tools for the adaption of therapeutic goals 10 years ago. Since then the practical implementation of Comfort Terminal Care in the daily routine in particular has raised numerous questions, which are discussed in this follow-up paper and answered in an evidence-based manner whenever possible., Results: The practical implementation of pain therapy and reduction of anxiety, stress and respiratory distress that are indicated in the context of Comfort Terminal Care are described in more detail. The measures that are not (or no longer) indicated, such as oxygen administration and ventilation as well as the administration of fluids and nutrition, are also commented on. Furthermore, recommendations are given regarding monitoring, (laboratory) findings and drug treatment and the importance of nursing actions in the context of Comfort Terminal Care is mentioned. Finally, the support for the next of kin and the procedure in the time after death are presented., Discussion: A change in treatment goals with a timely switch to Comfort Terminal Care enables good and humane care for seriously ill patients and their relatives at the end of life and the appreciation of their previous life with the possibility of positive experiences until the end., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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34. Bilateral vocal fold paresis and glottal bridge synechia in COVID-19.

Author

Tardue-Breiter A, Glück A, Dier H, and Sprinzl GM

Abstract

Key Clinical Message: Bilateral vocal fold paresis (BVFP) is a rare complication in COVID-19 and should be considered as differential diagnosis in COVID-19-patients presenting with dyspnea and stridor. High-dose intravenous corticosteroids can be useful treating COVID-19-related laryngeal edema and vocal fold paresis. This case shows the complexity of laryngeal complications in COVID-19 requiring surgeries and functional therapies., Abstract: Although COVID-19 is known to affect peripheral as well as cranial nerves, there is a paucity of reports on vocal fold paresis in COVID-19, bilateral vocal fold paresis (BVFP) in particular. We describe a case of BVFP and glottal bridge synechia following COVID-19-pneumonia discussing pathomechanisms and treatment options., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interests., (© 2023 The Authors. Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2023
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35. Seroprevalence of Francisella tularensis in Austrian Hunting Dogs.

Author

Posautz A, Gyuranecz M, Dénes B, Knauer F, Dier H, and Walzer C

Subjects
Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Austria, Dog Diseases microbiology, Dogs, Female, Francisella tularensis immunology, Male, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Tularemia epidemiology, Dog Diseases epidemiology, Tularemia veterinary
Abstract

Based on initial reports of infection with Francisella tularensis in dogs in northern Europe, a serological study in hunting dogs was conducted in Austria. Five (6.25%) tested positive. The results highlight the potential for disease transmission to dogs and raise the question of whether dogs could be a source of infection for humans.

Published
2018
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