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Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm coverage is one of the key technologies for multi-UAV cooperation, which plays an important role in collaborative investigation, detection, rescue and other applications. Aiming at the coverage optimisation problem of UAV in the target area, a collaborative visual coverage control method under positioning uncertainty is presented. First, the visual perception area with imprecise localisation, UAV model and sensor model are created based on the given task environment. Second, a regional division algorithm for the target task area is designed based on the principle of Guaranteed Voronoi (GV) diagram. Then a visual area coverage planning algorithm is designed, in which the task area is allocated to the UAV according to the corresponding weight coefficient of each area, and the input control law is adjusted by the expected state information of the UAV, so that the optimal coverage quality target value and the maximum coverage of the target area can be achieved. Finally, three task scenarios for regional division and coverage planning are simulated respectively, the results show that the proposed area coverage planning algorithm can realise the optimal regional distribution and can obtain more than 90% coverage in different scenarios.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP).We conducted a computer literature search in five databases and comprehensively extracted all kinds of information from each article. Traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system (TCMISS) V2.5 was adopted to perform association analysis. The effectiveness, safety and methodological quality were analyzed using randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs).A total of 2880 related articles were collected. Finally, 423 articles which included 312 RCTs were included for in-depth analysis. We collected 369 Chinese medicine prescriptions and found that the top three frequently used herbs in the treatment of PMOP wereiEpimedii Folium/i(Yinyanghuo),iRehmanniae Radix Praeparata/i(Shudihuang) andiAngelicae Sinensis Radix/i(Danggui). The top Chinese patent medicine was Gushukang capsule. No serious adverse reaction (AR) had been reported in the Chinese medical treatment group.The effectiveness of TCM in treating PMOP needs to be further explored, and the safety is good. Therefore, high-quality evidence is urgently needed to supplement.

Purpose: To determine mortality and outcomes of patients diagnosed with fracture-related infections (FRIs). Methods: FRI patients treated at a trauma centre between 2001 and 2020 were analysed. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality; mortality associations with FRI organism, depth of involvement, and temporality were investigated with multivariable survival analysis. Healthcare-associated and serological outcomes were reported as secondary outcomes. Results: 311 FRIs with mean age of 67.0 and median Charlson comorbidity index of 0 were analysed. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (29.9%) was the most frequently implicated organism. The majority of FRIs were deep infections (62.7%). FRIs were diagnosed at a median of 40 (IQR 15–200) days post index surgery. The mean follow-up was 5.9 years. One-year mortality amounted to 17.7%. MSSA FRIs were associated with better survival (adj HR 0.34, 95%CI 0.15–0.76, p = 0.008). There was no difference in survivorship between deep or superficial FRI (adj HR 0.86, 95%CI 0.62–1.19, p = 0.353) or in relation to onset time (adj HR 1.0, 95%CI 0.99–1.00, p = 0.943). Implant removal or debridement alone was performed in 61.7% and 17% respectively. Antibiotics was prescribed for 53 (IQR 23–110) days, and patients were hospitalised for 39 (IQR 19–78) days. CRP and ESR normalised in 70.3% (median 46 days) and 53.8% (median 86 days) patients respectively. Conclusion: Fracture-related infections are associated with significant mortality and morbidity regardless of depth and temporality. Non-MSSA FRIs are associated with inferior survival.

By changing the anions of zinc salts, three different zinc(II) complexes, [Zn 2 (HL) 2 (NCS) 4 ]·2CH 3 OH ( 1 ), [Zn 2 L( μ 2 - η 1 : η 1 -CH 3 COO) 2 (NCS)] ( 2 ) and [Zn(HL)I 2 ]·CH 3 OH ( 3 ), where L = 5-bromo-2-((2-(diethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)phenolate, HL = 5-bromo-2-((2-(diethylammonio)ethylimino)methyl)phenolate, have been synthesized and characterized by IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray analysis indicates that the Zn atoms in the complexes are in trigonal bipyramidal, square pyramidal and tetrahedral coordination. The anions of the zinc salts lead to the formation of different structures of the complexes. Antibacterial activity of the complexes against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Klebsielle pneumoniae and Candida albicans strains was studied.

Scalp wound healing is a complex process. Nonhealing wounds can become chronic wounds, which increase the trauma and economic burden on a patient and may even cause death in severe cases. Thus, it can be difficult to find an effective treatment for chronic wounds of the scalp.We present a case of a 13-year-old female patient with a chronic wound caused by a scalp incision infection 3 months after two operations for craniotomy for arachnoid cyst resection and cystic lesion-cisterna magna drainage. After repeated dressing changes and two debridement operations, the incision had still not healed during the following year. The wound finally healed after 6 months of dressing changes by combining honey with silver ion dressings, and the incision had not re-ruptured after 10 months of follow-up.Honey combined with silver may be an effective method for the treatment of chronic scalp wounds.

The waveguide Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) (see, e.g., in Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 243601 (2015)10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.243601 and Nature 569, 692 (2019)10.1038/s41586-019-1196-1), instead of the free space's one, have been demonstrated for the sensitive quantum parameter estimations. Here, we propose a waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to further enhance the sensitivity of the relevant parameter estimations. The configuration is formed by two one-dimensional waveguides coupled sequentially to two atomic mirrors, which are served as the beam splitters of the waveguide photons to control the probabilities of the photons being transferred from one waveguide to another. Due to the quantum interference of the waveguide photons, the acquired phase of the photons when they pass through a phase shifter can be sensitively estimated by measuring either the transmitted or reflected probabilities of the transporting photons. Interestingly, we show that, with the proposed waveguide MZI the sensitivity of the quantum parameter estimation could be further optimized, compared with the waveguide FPI, in the same condition. The feasibility of the proposal, with the current atom-waveguide integrated technique, is also discussed.

A centrosymmetric dinuclear copper(II) complex [Cu2(La)2] (1) and two mononuclear copper(II) complexes [Cu(Lb)2] (2) and [Cu(Lc)2] (3), where La, Lb, and Lc are deprotonated anionic forms of 2-((cyclopropylimino)methyl)-4,6-difluorophenol (HLa), 2-((cyclohexylimino)methyl)-4,6-difluorophenol (HLb) and 2,4-difluoro-6-((2-hydroxyethylimino)methyl)phenol (HLc), respectively, are prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and UV-Vis spectra, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The Cu atoms in complex 1 are in a square pyramidal coordination, while those in complexes 2 and 3 are in a square planar coordination. The complexes exhibit interesting antibacterial activities against P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, and S. aureus.

A previous study indicated that gut microbiota changed notably in Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) patients as compared to controls. However, the characteristics of intestinal bacteria in Graves’ disease (GD) and GO are unclear. The present study aimed to identify specific intestinal bacteria of GD and GO, respectively. The gut microbial communities of the fecal samples of 30 GD patients without GO, 33 GO subjects, and 32 healthy subjects were analyzed and compared by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. At the phylum level, the proportion of Deinococcus-Thermus and Chloroflexi was decreased significantly in GO patients as compared to GD. At the genus level, the proportion of Subdoligranulum and Bilophila was increased while that of Blautia, Anaerostipes, Dorea, Butyricicoccus, Romboutsia, Fusicatenibacter, unidentified_ Lachnospiraceae, unidentified_Clostridiales, Collineslla, Intestinibacter, and Phascolarctobacterium was decreased in the GO group as compared to the GD group. Random forest analysis was used for the identification of specific intestinal microbiota, and Deinococcus-Thermus, Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi were ranked in the top ten according to their contributions to sample classification. Moreover, compared to the control, there were multiple gut bacterial enrichment metabolic pathways in GO and GD patients, including nucleotide metabolism, enzyme family, and energy metabolism. Compared to GO, the only enrichment metabolic pathway found in GD was the viral protein family. This study highlighted the significant differences in the intestinal microbiota and predictive functions of GD with GO, thereby providing new insights into the role of the gut bacteria that might contribute to the development of GO in GD patients.

There is an ongoing debate about the evolution and geological significance of sediments deposited during the Upper Devonian period in the Wutong Formation on the northern margin of Yangtze Plate. A...

N' -(3,5-Dichloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-fluorobenzohydrazide (H 2 L) was used to prepare oxidovanadium(V) complex [VOL(OEt)(MeOH)] ( 1 ) and dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complex [MoO 2 L(OH 2 )]·[MoO 2 L(EtOH)] ( 2 ). The complexes were characterized by IR, UV-Vis, NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray analysis indicates that the complexes are mononuclear species with the metal atoms in octahedral coordination. The complexes were studied for catalytic oxidation property on some olefins with tert -butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant.

Drilling and drainage is the main treatment for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH). However, anesthesia methods also have an important effect on patients' postoperative outcomes. The clinical effect of drainage of cSDH under local anesthesia with sedation (LAS) and general anesthesia (GA) was systematically evaluated.A literature study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for studies that compare LAS and GA for cSDH. The following treatment outcomes were compared between LAS and GA: total duration of surgery, postoperative complications, mortality, recurrence rate, and hospital length of stay (LOS).Four papers (n = 391, LAS: 196, GA: 195) met the inclusion criteria. Although there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in mortality (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.06-3.84, p = 0.48; p = 0.2, I2 = 39%), recurrence rate (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.33-2.04, p = 0.66; p = 0.69, I2 = 0%), LOS (ratio of means: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.71-1.05, p = 0.14; p = 0.02, I2 = 75%). The total duration of surgery (MD: -26.71 min, 95% CI: -37.29 to -16.13, p0.00001; p = 0.65, I2 = 0%) was significantly shorter and the number of postoperative complications was significantly lower in the LAS group compared with the GA group (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.13-0.50, p0.0001; p= 0.62, I2 = 0%).A systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature showed that LAS reduces the total duration of surgery and postoperative complications compared to GA. No significant difference in mortality, recurrence rate, and LOS was observed between the two groups.

Though the incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is relatively low, the disorder has a major impact on the quality of life of patients. Identifying biological markers for the disease will be useful, especially in resource-scarce areas. Our study aims to evaluate the correlation between the degree of hearing impairment and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with SSNHL.One hundred and thirty-eight patients with SSNHL and no history of diabetes were included in this study. The intravenous HbA1c content before treatment was correlated with the pure tone audiogram (PTA) average as per the criteria for SSNHL. Spearman correlation and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve were used to determine the HbA1c levels of the study participants. The critical value of HbA1c and its diagnostic implications for assessing the degree of hearing impairment in patients with SSNHL were noted.There was a significant positive correlation between HbA1c and PTA in patients with SSNHL (p0.05). In addition, the best HbA1c cutoff value for screening and referring an individual for a detailed audiometric evaluation of hearing impairment was 5.550%, as indicated by the ROC curve.The level of HbA1c in the circulation may affect the onset, duration, and progression of SSNHL. The same parameter may be used as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator for this condition.

A new metal-free xanthene-bridged bis-corrole had been synthesized and used as a catalyst for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction for the first time. This bis-corrole demonstrated high catalytic efficiency in DMF and acetonitrile-aqueous solution upon using acetic acid as the protons source. The turnover frequency (TOF) could reach 627.75 h–1 in DMF at the overpotential of 924 mV and 581.42 h–1 in neutral buffer acetonitrile-aqueous solution at the overpotential of 828 mV. The prepared bis-corrole also exhibted good stability in the electrolysis. This study highlights that linking one corrole macrocycle to another can lead to the metal-free bis-corrole as a stable HER catalyst.

Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a highly pruritic, chronic dermatosis and difficult to treat. PN lesions are characterized by existence of many hyperkeratotic, erosive papules and nodules. However, the pathogenesis of PN still remains unelucidated.To clarify the keratin role in the epidermis hyperproliferation, the keratin expression pattern in the PN lesional skin.In this study, we enrolled 24 patients with PN and 9 healthy control volunteers. K1/K10, K5/K14, K6/K16/K17 expression pattern were investigated by using immunohistochemical staining.The lesional skin consists of the thickened spinous layers, in which active cell division was found. K5/K14 were upregulated in PN lesional epidermis, the staining signal localized in the basal layer and lower suprabasal layers. Hyperproliferation-associated K6 was found in all layers of epidermal lesional skin, especially in the spinous layers. In contrast, K16 was only detected in the basal and lower suprabasal layers, K17 was observed in the basal and spinous layers. Terminal differential keratins K1/K10 were upregulated, detected in the pan-epidermis, but spared in the basal and low suprabasal layers.The keratinocytes enter an alternative differentiation pathway, which are responsible for the activated keratinocyte phenotype, abnormal keratins expression potentially contributes to the keratinocytes proliferation, subsequently lead to increased lesional skin epidermis thickness, hyperkeratiosis and alteration of skin barrier properties.

Observation and experiment and their related connotations and concepts remain vague, which affects the correct understanding of research design and the judgment of the validity of causal inference. This article borrows the concept of phase transition in physics, combines causal thinking and causal diagrams, firstly establishes the relationships among the attribute, state, event, and phenomenon, and then identifies two ways with the opposite causal structures to acquire phenomena-human observations and human manipulated experiments. In causal inference, the ways mentioned above, intervention and assignment of exposure are affected by their own causal mechanisms. Finally, intervention is a causal concept, a core link among known phenomena, unknown phenomena available for measurement, and natural causality. Based on this, the two strategies in classifying research design are analyzed, and intervention method and non-intervention method are proposed, as is comprehensive and concise. Observations and experiments provide the basis for all scientific knowledge and should be viewed as concepts with a unified connotation. The accurate classification of research designs based on the law of causality and measurement process may be one of the best options worthy of in-depth study.观察和实验及其设计、相关的概念和内涵仍然模糊，影响着研究设计的正确认识及因果推断有效性的判断。本文借用物理学的相变概念，结合因果思维与因果图，首先建立了事物的属性及其状态、事件与现象之间的关系；接着识别了两种现象获取方式——人为观察和人为实验之间相反的因果结构，及其与暴露的干预、分配在因果推断研究中受各自的因果机制影响；最后，识别了干预系因果概念，是自然因果律基础上联系已知的现象和/或需经测量而获得的现象之间的核心纽带；基于此分析了研究设计二分类的策略，以干预法和非干预法的分类更为清晰。观察和实验提供了所有科学知识的基础，应是内涵统一的概念。基于因果律及其测量过程可能是实现研究设计精准分类的最佳选项之一，值得深入研究。.

Human challenge trial (HCT) is a test in which human volunteers are intentionally infected with pathogens in order to evaluate the efficacy of candidate preventive or therapeutic drugs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the HCT of vaccines has aroused people's attention due to its significant advantages over clinical trial. This paper introduces the concept, development and application of HCT, the advantages and limitations of HCT for vaccine evaluation, and the consideration of future HCT of COVID-19 vaccine in China.人体挑战试验是指让人类志愿者有意感染病原体的试验，作为测试候选预防或治疗药物效果的方法。在新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）大流行期间，疫苗人体挑战试验因其较临床试验显著的优势而引起人们的关注。本文介绍了人体挑战试验的概念、发展、应用，人体挑战试验进行疫苗评估的优势和局限性，以及在中国未来开展新型冠状病毒疫苗人体挑战试验的考虑。.

Combined vaccines contain two or more antigens. Research suggested that combined vaccines could prevent multi diseases and reduce the frequency of vaccination. This article focus on combined vaccines for children used both at home and abroad, such as diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine (DTaP), measles-rubella-mumps vaccine (MMR),联合疫苗含有两种或多种抗原，研究认为接种联合疫苗后能预防多种疾病，同时可减少接种次数。本文对国内外儿童用联合疫苗，如无细胞百白破疫苗（DTaP）、麻疹-风疹-腮腺炎疫苗（MMR）等免疫原性和安全性进行综述，并从儿童家长、预防接种工作者和卫生服务方面进行社会价值探究，为我国推动联合疫苗研发和使用提供决策证据。研究发现，联合疫苗对儿童、家长、预防接种工作者和卫生服务方面均产生较好的收益，能够保证其良好的免疫原性和安全性，增强家长的接种便利和经济性，提高预防接种工作者的工作效率，同时能弥补新发疫情对免疫服务造成的影响，提高接种覆盖率和及时率，增加社会收益。目前我国联合疫苗的推广受到技术瓶颈多，人群接种认知水平低等限制。建议加强联合疫苗安全性、有效性和卫生经济学等方面研究，科学评估联合疫苗的价值；增强公众对联合疫苗的认知和信任度；促进多联多价疫苗研发应用；政府应完善法规协助联合疫苗发展。.

As a novel X-ray focusing technology, lobster eye micro-pore optics (MPO) feature both a wide observing field of view and true imaging capability, promising sky monitoring with significantly improved sensitivity and spatial resolution in soft X-rays. Since first proposed by Angel (1979), the optics have been extensively studied, developed and trialed over the past decades. In this Letter, we report on the first-light results from a flight experiment of the Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy ($LEIA$), a pathfinder of the wide-field X-ray telescope of the Einstein Probe mission. The piggyback imager, launched in July 2022, has a mostly un-vignetted field of view of $18.6^\circ \times 18.6^\circ $. Its spatial resolution is in the range of 4$-$7 arcmin in FWHM and the focal spot effective area is 2$-$3 cm$^2$, both showing only mild fluctuations across the field of view. We present images of the Galactic center region, Sco X-1 and the diffuse Cygnus Loop nebular taken in snapshot observations over 0.5$-$4 keV. These are truly wide-field X-ray images of celestial bodies observed, for the first time, by a focusing imaging telescope. Initial analyses of the in-flight data show excellent agreement between the observed images and the on-ground calibration and simulations. The instrument and its characterization are briefly described, as well as the flight experiment. The results provide a solid basis for the development of the present and proposed wide-field X-ray missions using lobster eye MPO., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letter

The ball-on-ring (BoR) test, one of the most popular biaxial bending tests, is thoroughly investigated in this study for determining the bending strength of thin silicon dies. The application of this test method with a linear theory to the thin dies is also reevaluated using a nonlinear finite element method (NFEM) by taking into account the geometric nonlinearities, including large-deflection (global) and contact (local) nonlinearities. Mechanics of the BoR test is also discussed in terms of geometric linearity and nonlinearity. It is found that the bending strength calculated by the existing linear theory for the BoR test is still valid for the nonthin die specimens, but not for thin ones. The reason is that the thin-die specimens in the test suffer a contact-nonlinearity effect, due to a maximum applied stress moving away from the loading pin center during the loading process. The global geometric nonlinear (large-deflection) behavior occurring in the three-point bending test is not observed in the test. For applications, the fitting equations of the maximum stress in terms of applied load are proposed based on the NFEM results. Those fitting equations only depend on the specimen thickness, the head radius of the loading pin, and the elastic modulus of the specimen, but not on the specimen radius, a supporting ring radius and the head radius of the ring. The 110 μm and 160 μm-thick silicon dies in the BoR test are also demonstrated with the related fitting equations.