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1. Simultaneous atomic-resolution electron ptychography and Z-contrast imaging of light and heavy elements in complex nanostructures

Author: H. Yang, R. N. Rutte, L. Jones, M. Simson, R. Sagawa, H. Ryll, M. Huth, T. J. Pennycook, M.L.H. Green, H. Soltau, Y. Kondo, B. G. Davis, and P. D. Nellist
Subjects: Science
Abstract: The use of ptychography with electrons has been limited. Here, Yang et al. demonstrate that the combination of Z-contrast and phase imaging reveals the structure of complex nanomaterials. This practical tool can be used to solve the structure of a beam-sensitive carbon nanostructure at atomic-resolution.
Published: 2016
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2. Anisotropy of 4f states in 3d−4f single-molecule magnets

Author: A. Rauguth, A. Alhassanat, H. Elnaggar, A. A. Athanasopoulou, C. Luo, H. Ryll, F. Radu, T. Mashoff, Frank M. F. de Groot, E. Rentschler, and H. J. Elmers
Published: 2022
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3. Precise measurement of the electron beam current in a TEM

Author: H. Ryll, Heike Soltau, Martin Simson, Florian F. Krause, Knut Müller-Caspary, Dennis Marquardt, Robert Ritz, Marco Schowalter, Andreas Rosenauer, Oliver Oppermann, and Martin Huth
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Spectrometer, business.industry, Detector, Faraday cup, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, symbols.namesake, Optics, ddc:570, 0103 physical sciences, Cathode ray, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, business, Electron counting, Instrumentation, Ultrashort pulse, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Modern quantitative TEM methods such as the ζ -factor technique require precise knowledge of the electron beam current. To this end, a macroscopic Faraday cup was designed and constructed. It can replace the viewing screen in the projection chamber of a TEM and guarantees highly accurate measurement of the electron beam with precision only limited by the used amperemeter. The easy to install, affordable device is shown to be highly apt for precision measurement of currents > 5 pA . The Faraday cup results are used for an assessment and a comparison of various other beam current measurement methods. It is found that the built-in screen amperemeter of the used TEM is quite inaccurate and that measurements using the screen in general tend to underestimate the current. If present, the drift tube of a spectrometer can also be used as a Faraday cup, but certain described peculiarities have to be taken into account. Direct ultrafast electron detection cameras allow precise measurement at very small currents. For the electron counting technique, which exploits single electron detection capabilities of STEM detectors, a systematic current underestimation was observed and investigated. This results in a reformulated routine for the method and with these improvements it is demonstrated to be capable of accurate high-precision measurements for currents 5 pA .
Published: 2021
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4. Measuring Single Electrons – What Does it Mean?

Author: Martin Huth, Ian M. Griffiths, Robert Ritz, Peter D. Nellist, Colum M. O'Leary, Yukihito Kondo, Ryusuke Sagawa, Heike Soltau, Lothar Strüder, and H. Ryll
Subjects: Materials science, Electron, Atomic physics, Instrumentation
Published: 2019
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5. Extending the Limits of Fast Acquisition in TEM Tomography and 4D-STEM

Author: Martin Simson, Heike Soltau, Robert Hartmann, Lothar Strüder, H. Ryll, Peter D. Nellist, Ryusuke Sagawa, Yukihito Kondo, Martin Huth, Vadim Migunov, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski, Hao Yang, Julia Schmidt, Lewys Jones, Sebastian Ihle, and Robert Ritz
Subjects: Computer science, Computer graphics (images), Data mining, Tomography, computer.software_genre, computer
Published: 2016
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6. Scanning electron diffraction using the pnCCD (S)TEM Camera

Author: Heike Soltau, Rowan K. Leary, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski, Paul A. Midgley, Sebastian Ihle, Martial Duchamp, Julia Schmidt, Lothar Strüder, H. Ryll, Martin Huth, Duncan N. Johnstone, Robert Ritz, Vadim Migunov, and Martin Simson
Subjects: Diffraction, Optics, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, business.industry, business
Published: 2016
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7. Imaging of Electric Fields with the pnCCD (S)TEM Camera

Author: Heike Soltau, Martin Simson, Lothar Strüder, H. Ryll, Martial Duchamp, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski, Sebastian Ihle, Robert Ritz, Vadim Migunov, and Martin Huth
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, Computer graphics (images), Electric field, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business
Published: 2016
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8. Advanced 4D STEM Imaging with the pnCCD (S)TEM Camera

Author: Lothar Striider, Peter D. Nellist, Yukihito Kondo, Martin Simson, Heike Soltau, Robert Ritz, Martin Hum, Hao Yang, Julia Schmidt, H. Ryll, and Ryusuke Sagawa
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Materials science, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Instrumentation
Published: 2017
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9. Electric and Magnetic Field Mapping With the pnCCD (S)TEM Camera

Author: Lothar Strüder, Sebastian Ihle, Martin Huth, Robert Ritz, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski, Martin Simson, Vadim Migunov, Martial Duchamp, Heike Soltau, and H. Ryll
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Optics, Materials science, business.industry, ddc:570, 0103 physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, business, 01 natural sciences, Instrumentation, Magnetic field
Published: 2016
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10. Pushing the Limits of Fast Acquisition in TEM Tomography and 4D-STEM

Author: Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski, Ryusuke Sagawa, Martin Simson, Martin Huth, Robert Hartmann, H. Ryll, Vadim Migunov, Peter D. Nellist, Lothar Strüder, Heike Soltau, Yukihito Kondo, Robert Ritz, Hao Yang, Julia Schmidt, Lewys Jones, and Sebastian Ihle
Subjects: Materials science, ddc:570, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, 02 engineering and technology, Tomography, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, Instrumentation, Biomedical engineering
Published: 2016
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11. Imaging At the Timescale Of Micro- and Milliseconds With the pnCCD (S)TEM Camera

Author: M. Den Hertog, Martin Huth, Lothar Striider, H. Ryll, K. El Hajraoui, Vadim Migunov, Robert Hartmann, Martin Simson, Heike Soltau, Julia Schmidt, Sebastian Ihle, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski, Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institute for Genetics, and Department of Evolutionary Genetics
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Optics, business.industry, 0103 physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, business, 01 natural sciences, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015
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12. Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Series of Diffraction Patterns

Author: Martin Simson, Paul G. Kotula, Heike Soltau, H. Ryll, and M.H. Van Benthem
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Diffraction, Materials science, Series (mathematics), 0103 physical sciences, Statistics, 02 engineering and technology, Multivariate statistical, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, Instrumentation
Published: 2016
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13. Measurement of Atomic Electric Fields by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) Employing Ultrafast Detectors

Author: Heike Soltau, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski, Lothar Strüder, H. Ryll, Peter Schattschneider, Stefan Löffler, Vadim Migunov, Martial Duchamp, Andreas Rosenauer, Martin Huth, Sebastian Ihle, Armand Béché, Florian F. Krause, Josef Zweck, Johan Verbeeck, Robert Ritz, Florian Winkler, Martin Simson, Marco Schowalter, and Knut Müller-Caspary
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Materials science, Electric field, Detector, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, Instrumentation, Ultrashort pulse
Published: 2016
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14. Direct measurement of the position accuracy for low energy X-ray photons with a pnCCD

Author: Lothar Strüder, D. Kalok, Sebastian Ihle, P. Holl, Raimo Hartmann, H. Ryll, and D. Steigenhöfer
Subjects: Physics, Photon, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gaussian, Monte Carlo method, 01 natural sciences, Signal, symbols.namesake, Optics, Position (vector), 0103 physical sciences, Lookup table, symbols, Point (geometry), 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: We undertook a comparative study on optimizing the position accuracy of pnCCDs for single X-ray photon measurements. Various methods were analyzed by Monte Carlo simulations and related to experimental data obtained with a focused X-ray beam. Even with low energy photons of 1320 eV, a position accuracy much smaller than the actual pixel size of 48 μm × 48 μm can be achieved. This is possible since signal charges from a single photon interaction spread into more than one pixel, allowing a reconstruction of the original point of interaction. We found that a) making a decision on which pixels to use for the reconstruction and b) choosing a centroiding algorithm for carrying out the reconstruction were particularly crucial. For a) we introduce a new and superior method using a two step analysis with an adaptive pattern. It is compared to using a threshold or a fixed pattern. For b) we present a Center-of-Gravity method with a Gaussian correction taking into account the shape of the signal charge cloud. Both methods are also optimized for fast execution by implementing lookup tables rather than time consuming calculations. Our results show that with the appropriate analysis an uncertainty of the position measurement of better than 3.0 μm rms for 1320 eV photons is possible.
Published: 2017
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15. Erratum: Extending the dynamic range of fully depleted pnCCDs

Author: S. Send, Lothar Strüder, J. Soltau, Martin Simson, Heike Soltau, H. Ryll, P. Holl, J. Schmidt, Raimo Hartmann, D. Steigenhöfer, G. Lutz, and Martin Huth
Subjects: Materials science, Dynamic range, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Computational physics
Published: 2014
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16. The Low Temperature Study of Ln[Fe(CN)6]·xH2O Rare-Earth Ferricyanides, Ln=Pr,La

Author: S. Maťaš, H. Ryll, Z. Mitróová, Karel Prokes, and K. Kiefer
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials science, chemistry, Rare earth, General Physics and Astronomy, Physical chemistry, Ferricyanide
Published: 2010
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17. Opportunities in Angularly Resolved Dark-field STEM using Pixelated Detectors

Author: Yukihito Kondo, Lewys Jones, Peter D. Nellist, Hao Yang, H. Ryll, Heike Soltau, Katherine E. MacArthur, Hiroyuki Banba, Ryusuke Sagawa, and Martin Simson
Subjects: Optics, Materials science, business.industry, Detector, business, Instrumentation, Dark field microscopy
Published: 2015
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18. 4D-STEM Imaging With the pnCCD (S)TEM-Camera

Author: Ryusuke Sagawa, Martin Huth, Peter D. Nellist, Knut Müller, Hao Yang, Julia Schmidt, Heike Soltau, Martin Simson, Lewys Jones, Sebastian Ihle, Lothar Striider, H. Ryll, Robert Hartmann, Yukihito Kondo, and Hiroyuki Banba
Subjects: Materials science, Instrumentation
Published: 2015
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19. High Efficiency Phase Contrast Imaging In STEM Using Fast Direct Electron Pixelated Detectors

Author: Timothy J. Pennycook, Yukihito Kondo, Hiroyuki Banba, Martin Simson, Ryusuke Sagawa, Lewys Jones, Heike Soltau, H. Ryll, Peter D. Nellist, and Hao Yang
Subjects: Materials science, Optics, business.industry, Detector, Phase-contrast imaging, Electron, business, Instrumentation
Published: 2015
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20. Atomic resolution ptychographic phase contrast imaging of polar-ordered structures in functional oxides

Author: Martin Simson, Peter D. Nellist, Hiroyuki Banba, H. Ryll, Ryusuke Sagawa, Heike Soltau, Hao Yang, Lewys Jones, Yukihito Kondo, and Ian MacLaren
Subjects: Materials science, Scattering, Atomic resolution, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, Phase-contrast imaging, Polar, Direct imaging, Electron, Polarization (waves), Instrumentation, Molecular physics
Abstract: Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging has traditionally relied on (mostly) incoherent imaging using electrons scattered to high angles [1,2]. This gives strong contrast for imaging heavier atoms, but is only an incomplete technique for in ferroelectrics or polar-ordered functional oxides, since the oxygens are invisible in the presence of the dominant scattering from the heavy cations. In recent years, however, there has been a resurgence in the use of low angle scattered electrons using modes like annular bright field imaging [3] and standard bright field imaging [4,5]. This allows the direct imaging of oxygen atoms, which can be used for a full quantification of the local polarization [5], as has previously been performed using negative CS imaging using high resolution TEM [6].
Published: 2015
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21. A pnCCD-based, fast direct single electron imaging camera for TEM and STEM

Author: A. Liebel, H. Ryll, Ryusuke Sagawa, Heike Soltau, P. Kotula, Sebastian Ihle, Yukihito Kondo, Raimo Hartmann, Lothar Strüder, P. Holl, Martin Huth, J. Schmidt, Andreas Rosenauer, Knut Müller-Caspary, and Martin Simson
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Microscope, Pixel, business.industry, Detector, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Frame rate, 01 natural sciences, Sample (graphics), law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, Microscopy, Image sensor, 0210 nano-technology, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: We report on a new camera that is based on a pnCCD sensor for applications in scanning transmission electron microscopy. Emerging new microscopy techniques demand improved detectors with regards to readout rate, sensitivity and radiation hardness, especially in scanning mode. The pnCCD is a 2D imaging sensor that meets these requirements. Its intrinsic radiation hardness permits direct detection of electrons. The pnCCD is read out at a rate of 1,150 frames per second with an image area of 264 x 264 pixel. In binning or windowing modes, the readout rate is increased almost linearly, for example to 4000 frames per second at 4× binning (264 x 66 pixel). Single electrons with energies from 300 keV down to 5 keV can be distinguished due to the high sensitivity of the detector. Three applications in scanning transmission electron microscopy are highlighted to demonstrate that the pnCCD satisfies experimental requirements, especially fast recording of 2D images. In the first application, 65536 2D diffraction patterns were recorded in 70 s. STEM images corresponding to intensities of various diffraction peaks were reconstructed. For the second application, the microscope was operated in a Lorentz-like mode. Magnetic domains were imaged in an area of 256 x 256 sample points in less than 37 seconds for a total of 65536 images each with 264 x 132 pixels. Due to information provided by the two-dimensional images, not only the amplitude but also the direction of the magnetic field could be determined. In the third application, millisecond images of a semiconductor nanostructure were recorded to determine the lattice strain in the sample. A speed-up in measurement time by a factor of 200 could be achieved compared to a previously used camera system.
Published: 2016
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22. Coexistence of long- and short-range magnetic order in the frustrated magnet SrYb2O4

Author: D. L. Quintero-Castro, Tom Fennell, Pascale P. Deen, H. Ryll, Jacques Ollivier, Asad Niazi, Bella Lake, Simon A. J. Kimber, A. T. M. N. Islam, Manfred Reehuis, Bastian Klemke, V. Garcia Sakai, and Hannu Mutka
Subjects: Physics, Magnetic structure, Condensed matter physics, Neutron diffraction, Magnetic refrigeration, Neutron scattering, Condensed Matter Physics, Heat capacity, Inelastic neutron scattering, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Phase diagram, Magnetic field
Abstract: SrYb${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$ is a geometrically frustrated rare-earth magnet, which presents a variety of interrelated magnetic phenomena. The magnetic Yb${}^{3+}$ ions ($J=7/2$) form potentially frustrated ``zigzag'' chains along the $c$ axis, arranged in a honeycomb fashion in the $ab$ plane. Heat capacity reveals a magnetic phase transition at ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}=0.9$ K. The magnetic structure was solved by polarized neutron diffraction and found to be noncollinear with a reduction of the ordered spin moment from the full ionic moment. The low-energy excitations, which were measured by inelastic neutron scattering reveal diffuse scattering both above and below ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$. Heat capacity and magnetocaloric effect were performed to map out the magnetic phase diagram as a function of magnetic field and temperature and show a complicated series of states. Altogether, the results suggest that the magnetic interactions in SrYb${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$ compete with each other and with the single-ion anisotropy to produce a highly degenerate ground state manifold that suppresses the magnetic order, broadens the excitations and gives rise to a complex phase diagram.
Published: 2012
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23. Scanning transmission electron microscopy strain measurement from millisecond frames of a direct electron charge coupled device

Author: I. Ordavo, Kerstin Volz, Knut Müller, Lothar Strüder, Andreas Rosenauer, H. Ryll, Josef Zweck, Heike Soltau, and Sebastian Ihle
Subjects: Conventional transmission electron microscope, Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Resolution (electron density), ddc:530, Scanning confocal electron microscopy, 530 Physik, Optics, Electron tomography, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy, Electron beam-induced deposition, business, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy
Abstract: A high-speed direct electron detection system is introduced to the field of transmission electron microscopy and applied to strain measurements in semiconductor nanostructures. In particular, a focused electron probe with a diameter of 0.5 nm was scanned over a fourfold quantum layer stack with alternating compressive and tensile strain and diffracted discs have been recorded on a scintillator-free direct electron detector with a frame time of 1 ms. We show that the applied algorithms can accurately detect Bragg beam positions despite a significant point spread each 300 kV electron causes during detection on the scintillator-free camera. For millisecond exposures, we find that strain can be measured with a precision of 1.3 × 10−3, enabling, e.g., strain mapping in a 100×100 nm2 region with 0.5 nm resolution in 40 s. ...
Published: 2012
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24. Search for gravitational waves from low mass compact binary coalescence in LIGO's sixth science run and Virgo's science runs 2 and 3

Author: P. Couvares, Benno Willke, Alessandra Buonanno, Namjun Kim, Y. Wan, Jordi Burguet-Castell, G. McIntyre, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, N. Beveridge, M. Blom, J. P. Zendri, A. Giazotto, P. Shawhan, H. J. Bulten, Leo Singer, I. Ferrante, N. Liguori, Walter Winkler, C. I. Torrie, P. J. Sutton, Norman Gray, P. Charlton, A. S. Markosyan, Ryan DeRosa, Harald Lück, A. Khalaidovski, R. Engel, J. H. Romie, F. Salemi, G. Kuehn, L. Cunningham, P. Leaci, A. Colla, D. Verkindt, Paul Fulda, F. J. Raab, M. Britzger, S. C. McGuire, D. J. A. McKechan, I. A. Bilenko, David J. Ottaway, D. Nolting, D. R. Ingram, Phil Willems, M. A. Arain, Gregory M. Harry, R. Gustafson, S. Kandhasamy, S. Giampanis, Subramanian Krishnamurthy, C. Aulbert, Scott Koranda, L. Matone, Ilya Mandel, E. Macdonald, S. E. Strigin, Evan Ochsner, W. Katzman, A. J. Weinstein, R. J.E. Smith, P. T. Beyersdorf, A. Brummit, M. Sakosky, A. Gennai, Nick Leindecker, J. Zweizig, I. Maksimovic, J. Marque, K. Redwine, J. R. Leong, B. K. Kim, R. L. Ward, Jonah Kanner, A. Morgia, W. Z. Korth, P. Wessels, David Jones, Marco Cavaglia, C. Robinson, Sebastian Steinlechner, Benjamin William Allen, Karsten Danzmann, M. Colombini, A. W. Heptonstall, Peter R. Saulson, M. Punturo, Leopoldo Milano, Slawomir Gras, Eric Thrane, C. Michel, V. Predoi, I. W. Martin, Virginio Sannibale, David E. McClelland, M. Factourovich, R. De Rosa, A. Sibley, Keiko Kokeyama, Richard A. Matzner, L. Pinard, J. Garcia, Ettore Majorana, P. Ehrens, M. Landry, L. Di Fiore, Albert Lazzarini, Carlos Cepeda, Robert J. McCarthy, Linqing Wen, Sarah Caudill, R. Day, P. Yu, Lisa M. Goggin, B. Daudert, D. Passuello, G. Vajente, Christian D. Ott, D. Fazi, Takao Mori, C. T. Y. Chung, Lutz Winkelmann, Th. Bauer, Michael E Zucker, Fiona C. Speirits, S. Penn, A. Belletoile, Michael L. Gorodetsky, T. Westphal, N. Letendre, John Veitch, Piotr Jaranowski, Kip S. Thorne, T. Chalermsongsak, Alessandro Bertolini, Shuichi Sato, Soumya D. Mohanty, M. A. Bizouard, T. Reed, C. Titsler, Laura Cadonati, Benjamin Aylott, J. Garofoli, J. Betzwieser, Miftar Ganija, P. Wei, S. H. Huttner, D. Atkinson, V. Dattilo, M. Bitossi, P. Sainathan, K. Wette, D. Lodhia, Maik Frede, Andrew Melatos, M. Lorenzini, John J. Oh, Timothy Evans, L. Palladino, N. Zotov, C. Messenger, M. Barsuglia, M. MacInnis, P. Rapagnani, R. S. Amin, P. G. Murray, A. Stochino, V. P. Mitrofanov, A. Grant, K. Mason, Andreas Freise, Stefan Hild, M. C. Araya, A. Dietz, D. Barker, Alireza Marandi, Matthew Pitkin, P. Baker, R. Wooley, D. J. Hosken, B. Mours, W. Del Pozzo, P. F. Cohadon, H. Heitmann, Boris Hage, M. Frei, P. Moesta, A. Brillet, L. Taffarello, H. Müller-Ebhardt, M. V. Plissi, Kipp Cannon, Antoine Heidmann, C. Adams, M. Kinsey, Susan M. Scott, Teviet Creighton, V. Boschi, Joseph D. Romano, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, E. Coccia, S. Wen, Rana X. Adhikari, D. Sigg, B. Machenschalk, J. H. Hough, S. W. Ballmer, N. Leroy, J. G. Rollins, M. Granata, Fausto Acernese, R. S. Ottens, P. Peiris, H. Overmier, J. Breyer, F. Donovan, B. Rankins, Ilya Belopolski, G. T. Jones, Mirko Prato, Ping Koy Lam, C. Gray, I. Di Palma, Chad Hanna, M. Parisi, M. G. Beker, G. Debreczeni, Hartmut Grote, R. M. Cutler, P. Campsie, G. Moreno, E. Amador Ceron, R. M. Martin, A. Pasqualetti, C. Wilkinson, B. Bouhou, Douglas R. Cook, Michele Zanolin, M. Prijatelj, Xavier Siemens, A. Mytidis, C. D. Capano, J. Heefner, R. Grosso, John A. Clark, L. Zhang, F. Robinet, Ben Farr, Kasem Mossavi, G. Losurdo, M. Flanigan, G. D. Hammond, D. M. Macleod, C. Greverie, C. Affeldt, N. Morgado, O. Burmeister, S. Roddy, Tristan Briant, D. Amariutei, M. Mantovani, F. Nocera, D. J. White, Kentaro Somiya, M. Branchesi, B. L. Swinkels, C. Graef, Gianluca Persichetti, C. Lawrie, G. Kang, D. Sellers, F. Martelli, V. Fafone, Xuan Wang, J. C. Batch, K. A. Hodge, R. Taylor, A. Viceré, L. Naticchioni, Ho-Gyu Lee, A. Hardt, M. Brinkmann, G. Cagnoli, M. Born, K. Mailand, P. Puppo, Neil J. Cornish, S. Sankar, Salvatore Vitale, H. Yamamoto, F. Cleva, S. Braccini, Hyun-Chul Kim, R. Mittleman, Jolien D. E. Creighton, S. Caride, T. Huynh-Dinh, T. Accadia, Roman Schnabel, T. Etzel, H. P. Daveloza, A. M. Sintes, Nelson Christensen, Grant David Meadors, Simon Chelkowski, S. Chung, T. P. Bodiya, J. E. Brau, B. Canuel, P. E. Lindquist, Zoltán Keresztes, Lindy Blackburn, G. Endroczi, F. Frasconi, A. S. Stroeer, A. A. van Veggel, K. Holt, F. Seifert, Chunglee Kim, Roger Jones, E. Tournefier, Peter Fritschel, V. Sandberg, Efim A. Khazanov, G. Ballardin, Marco Aurelio Diaz, V. Raymond, S. Foley, O. Chaibi, Lee Samuel Finn, G. Santostasi, C. Bogan, S. Mosca, C. R. Ramet, R. Flaminio, C. Bradaschia, M. Bastarrika, M. Phelps, L. Bonelli, J. S. Kissel, M. E. Gáspár, Elena Cesarini, Saranya Ghosh, Haixing Miao, S. L. Danilishin, C. Peralta, N. A. Lockerbie, D. Hoak, D. Sentenac, A. C. Searle, A. Masserot, K. Kawabe, S. M. Aston, I. Kamaretsos, O. Bock, H. R. Williams, Michele Vallisneri, István Rácz, K. L. Dooley, B. Moe, Ik Siong Heng, D. Rosińska, F. Carbognani, A. Rüdiger, S. Steplewski, M. Vavoulidis, J.R. Taylor, S. Márka, Michael W. Coughlin, Pablo Barriga, F. Garufi, Enrico Calloni, Patrick Brady, Emma L. Robinson, R. Dannenberg, L. Rolland, B. Schulz, Kenneth A. Strain, F. Clara, M. Mageswaran, G. Traylor, Thomas Corbitt, V. Herrera, C. A. Costa, Vladimir Dergachev, Fabrizio Barone, M. Mohan, James Whelan, N. Man, P. Ajith, Lisa Barsotti, M. Cordier, Moritz Mehmet, A. Conte, Seiji Kawamura, M. Yvert, T. D. Abbott, Zhentian Wang, Alessandra Toncelli, J. Steinlechner, J. O'Dell, T. Dayanga, Fan Zhang, Stephan Schlamminger, Fabio Marchesoni, P. Hello, V. Brisson, A. Cumming, Sunil Susmithan, H. Radkins, John Nelson, H. J. Jang, K. Haughian, Reinhard Prix, Elizabeth Harstad, Zhihui Du, Kyungmin Kim, P. Astone, Larne Pekowsky, B. O'Reilly, E. Genin, E. Goetz, R. Conte, P. Thomas, Eric Oelker, Yi Pan, J. M. Berliner, M. Shaltev, Weiya Zhang, T. Dent, Kazuhiro Hayama, Rosa Poggiani, David Coward, Erik Katsavounidis, C. Veltkamp, Peter Aufmuth, J. Luan, Sheon Chua, C. J. Guido, Christian Röver, R. Bonnand, L. Sperandio, David H. Reitze, M. J. Lubinski, B. Sorazu, Badri Krishnan, A. M. Gretarsson, H. Kaufer, A. R. Wade, A. Di Lieto, P. Raffai, C. M. Mow-Lowry, A. Singer, A. Thüring, D. Talukder, T. Eberle, M. Vasúth, C. Pankow, I. W. Harry, L. Wallace, D. S. Rabeling, A. Królak, K. Evans, C. L. Mueller, Rajesh Kumar, A. C. Melissinos, Vladimir B. Braginsky, J. N. Marx, J. Hanks, László Á. Gergely, B. Behnke, Riccardo Sturani, S. Van Der Putten, Andrea Chincarini, Sergey P. Vyatchanin, T. Z. Summerscales, J. Bauchrowitz, Tenglin Li, C. Buy, Rocco Romano, John D. Scott, Stefan Goßler, I. Kowalska, Jean-Charles Dumas, D. L. Kinzel, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, J. Y. Vinet, B. F. Whiting, S. Dorsher, Ranjan Gupta, H. Ryll, N. Fotopoulos, R. A. Mercer, E. Tucker, J. K. Blackburn, E. Chassande-Mottin, R. Frey, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, Sheila Rowan, M. Weinert, F. Fidecaro, G. M. Guidi, Soma Mukherjee, Drew Keppel, Kevin M. Ryan, V. Re, D. Kim, E. Chalkley, Chunnong Zhao, C. Van Den Broeck, David H. Shoemaker, A. E. Villar, Matthew P. Edgar, K. Tseng, R. G. Oldenburg, Holger J. Pletsch, Jesper Munch, D. Buskulic, J. H. Clayton, Nergis Mavalvala, P. J. King, B. Shapiro, Katrin Dahl, A. M. Cruise, R. Cavalieri, Jerome Degallaix, A. G. Wiseman, Zhongyang Zhang, M. T. Hartman, V. Kringel, V. Kondrashov, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, R. DeSalvo, Gavin Davies, Y. Minenkov, Giulia Pagliaroli, Jan Harms, Robert Stone, A. Di Virgilio, O. Puncken, D. Friedrich, Anton B. Ivanov, John Miller, Samuel J. Waldman, Vicky Kalogera, H. Wittel, L. Sancho De La Jordana, Matthew Heintze, Tomasz Bulik, Vuk Mandic, J. Slutsky, François Bondu, D. C. Coyne, J. C. Driggers, Huan Yang, M. Tonelli, Larry R. Price, Koji Arai, F. Kawazoe, O. Torre, E. Cuoco, B. J. J. Slagmolen, Hee-Suk Cho, O. Miyakawa, K. Izumi, Imre Bartos, J. A. Giaime, S. Meshkov, Seog Oh, F. Travasso, Yaohui Fan, Chen Yi, Riccardo Bassiri, Y. M. Kim, M. Di Paolo Emilio, A. Effler, A. Basti, E. Maros, B. Sassolas, G. R. Skelton, M. Galimberti, A. Perreca, G. Gemme, M. Drago, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, Shaun Hooper, D. F. Menéndez, E. Black, Guenakh Mitselmakher, A. M. Sergeev, J.-P. Coulon, J. R. Smith, Jens Birch, R. Bork, T. Nash, J. Soto, G. H. Ogin, Z. Frei, Innocenzo M. Pinto, J.-D. Fournier, Matthew West, V. Necula, I. Santiago-Prieto, I. Fiori, R. Geng, V. V. Frolov, A. P. Lundgren, M. A. Barton, Carl L. Rodriguez, Stanislav Babak, Sascha Husa, D.B. DeBra, Duncan A. Brown, Ruxandra Bondarescu, G. Mendell, A. Zadroźny, Fabio Postiglione, P. Kwee, K. A. Thorne, P. J. Veitch, C. Osthelder, Karel E. Urbanek, L. A. Forte, D. O. Bridges, Rebecca Fisher, J. Li, G. P. Newton, M. Fyffe, J. Colas, Gabriela Gonzalez, J. M. Hallam, R. L. Savage, A. S. Bell, T. Isogai, C. Torres, F. Y. Khalili, G. Mazzolo, M. Was, H. Vocca, A. Chiummo, B. Bland, Luca Gammaitoni, Joshua Yablon, M. Del Prete, S. Frasca, Stephen Fairhurst, F. Paoletti, P. Ruggi, Miquel Trias, M. Jacobson, A. Mullavey, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, J. Franc, M. Bebronne, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, P. Patel, Malik Rakhmanov, J. Worden, L. Williams, E. Forsi, R. Riesen, S. P. Tarabrin, Richard J. Abbott, A. F. Brooks, I. Yakushin, L. Sammut, S. E. Whitcomb, V. Loriette, R. Schilling, Jessica McIver, S. D'Antonio, S. Grunewald, Amanda J. Page, G. Vedovato, D. B. Kozak, C. Vorvick, D. Ugolini, M. Lormand, R. Passaquieti, E. Steinert, G. A. Prodi, Alexander Wanner, M. R. Smith, Rahul Biswas, F. Piergiovanni, Chang-Hwan Lee, A. S. Sengupta, M. Edwards, M. Pickenpack, A. Rocchi, P. Schwinberg, M. Davier, Jordan Camp, W. G. Anderson, D. Feldbaum, T. Hong, T. Meier, G. Cella, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, M. Agathos, Giacomo Ciani, B. P. Abbott, H. Fehrmann, E. K. Gustafson, D. Moraru, Aiko Samblowski, D. Yeaton-Massey, D. E. Clark, F. Vetrano, S. E. Dwyer, J. Pöld, Suvadeep Bose, R. Gouaty, Z. Márka, S. Vass, Fabrice Matichard, W. Kells, M. Pietka, Alberto Vecchio, Lucía Santamaría, L. Prokhorov, Will M. Farr, Matthew Evans, N. D. Smith, B. Hughey, R. Inta, S. Klimenko, C. Palomba, S. Privitera, C. M. Reed, T. Ha, M. S. Meyer, Rainer Weiss, F. Ricci, R. W. P. Drever, W. W. Johnson, David Blair, B. Lantz, R. M. S. Schofield, Matthew Benacquista, Benjamin J. Owen, J. F. J. van den Brand, M. Tacca, Martin Hendry, Christopher Wipf, K. V. Tokmakov, Martin Hewitson, Junwei Cao, Sanichiro Yoshida, Graham Woan, Robert L. Byer, Stuart Reid, James DiGuglielmo, Bernard F. Schutz, Li Ju, Daniel A. Shaddock, J. Hanson, M. Stefszky, Guido Mueller, T. T. Fricke, David Murphy, J. Abadie, A. J. Stein, M. Rodruck, Matthew Lang, Ronny Nawrodt, Tania Regimbau, Eric Howell, S. B. Anderson, Ruslan Vaulin, David B. Tanner, L. K. Nuttall, M. R. Abernathy, Nico Lastzka, G. Billingsley, L. Bosi, M. Sung, M. Pedraza, Maria Alessandra Papa, F. Cavalier, J. F. Hayau, N. A. Robertson, C. N. Colacino, D. Hammer, S. R. P. Mohapatra, Peter Kalmus, G. S. Allen, I. Leonor, John K. Cannizzo, Alessandra Corsi, A. L. Stuver, E. J. Daw, K. D. Giardina, C. Gill, Frédérique Marion, Abadie, J., Abbott, B., Abbott, R., Abbott, T., Abernathy, M., Accadia, T., Acernese, F., Adams, C., Adhikari, R., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allen, G., Amador Ceron, E., Amariutei, D., Amin, R., Anderson, S., Anderson, W., Arai, K., Arain, M., Araya, M., Aston, S., Astone, P., Atkinson, D., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Aylott, B., Babak, S., Baker, P., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barriga, P., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barton, M., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Bastarrika, M., Basti, A., Batch, J., Bauchrowitz, J., Bauer, T. h., Bebronne, M., Behnke, B., Beker, M., Bell, A., Belletoile, A., Belopolski, I., Benacquista, M., Berliner, J., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, N., Beyersdorf, P., Bilenko, I., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Biswas, R., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M., Black, E., Blackburn, J., Blackburn, L., Blair, D., Bland, B., Blom, M., Bock, O., Bodiya, T., Bogan, C., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonelli, L., Bonnand, R., Bork, R., Born, M., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bosi, L., Bouhou, B., Braccini, S., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P., Braginsky, V., Branchesi, M., Brau, J., Breyer, J., Briant, T., Bridges, D., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Britzger, M., Brooks, A., Brown, D., Brummit, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H., Buonanno, A., Burguet–castell, J., Burmeister, O., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Calloni, Enrico, Camp, J., Campsie, P., Cannizzo, J., Cannon, K., Canuel, B., Cao, J., Capano, C., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, O., Chalermsongsak, T., Chalkley, E., Charlton, P., Chassande Mottin, E., Chelkowski, S., Chen, Y., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H., Christensen, N., Chua, S., Chung, C., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, D., Clark, J., Clayton, J., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. F., Colacino, C., Colas, J., Colla, A., Colombini, M., Conte, A., Conte, R., Cook, D., Corbitt, T., Cordier, M., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Costa, C., Coughlin, M., Coulon, J. P., Couvares, P., Coward, D., Coyne, D., Creighton, J., Creighton, T., Cruise, A., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Cutler, R., Dahl, K., Danilishin, S., Dannenberg, R., D’Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Dattilo, V., Daudert, B., Daveloza, H., Davier, M., Davies, G., Daw, E., Day, R., Dayanga, T., DE ROSA, Rosario, Debra, D., Debreczeni, G., Degallaix, J., Del Pozzo, W., del Prete, M., Dent, T., Dergachev, V., Derosa, R., Desalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., Di Fiore, L., Di Lieto, A., Di Palma, I., Di Paolo Emilio, M., Di Virgilio, A., Díaz, M., Dietz, A., Diguglielmo, J., Donovan, F., Dooley, K., Dorsher, S., Drago, M., Drever, R., Driggers, J., Du, Z., Dumas, J. C., Dwyer, S., Eberle, T., Edgar, M., Edwards, M., Effler, A., Ehrens, P., Endrőczi, G., Engel, R., Etzel, T., Evans, K., Evans, M., Evans, T., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Fan, Y., Farr, B., Farr, W., Fazi, D., Fehrmann, H., Feldbaum, D., Ferrante, I., Fidecaro, F., Finn, L., Fiori, I., Fisher, R., Flaminio, R., Flanigan, M., Foley, S., Forsi, E., Forte, LUCA ANTONIO, Fotopoulos, N., Fournier, J. D., Franc, J., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frede, M., Frei, M., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Fricke, T., Friedrich, D., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Galimberti, M., Gammaitoni, L., Ganija, M., Garcia, J., Garofoli, J., Garufi, Fabio, Gáspár, M., Gemme, G., Geng, R., Genin, E., Gennai, A., Gergely, L., Ghosh, S., Giaime, J., Giampanis, S., Giardina, K., Giazotto, A., Gill, C., Goetz, E., Goggin, L., González, G., Gorodetsky, M., Goßler, S., Gouaty, R., Graef, C., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Gray, N., Greenhalgh, R., Gretarsson, A., Greverie, C., Grosso, R., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Guidi, G., Guido, C., Gupta, R., Gustafson, E., Gustafson, R., Ha, T., Hage, B., Hallam, J., Hammer, D., Hammond, G., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hanson, J., Hardt, A., Harms, J., Harry, G., Harry, I., Harstad, E., Hartman, M., Haughian, K., Hayama, K., Hayau, J. F., Heefner, J., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M., Heitmann, H., Hello, P., Hendry, M., Heng, I., Heptonstall, A., Herrera, V., Hewitson, M., Hild, S., Hoak, D., Hodge, K., Holt, K., Hong, T., Hooper, S., Hosken, D., Hough, J., Howell, E., Hughey, B., Husa, S., Huttner, S., Huynh Dinh, T., Ingram, D., Inta, R., Isogai, T., Ivanov, A., Izumi, K., Jacobson, M., Jang, H., Jaranowski, P., Johnson, W., Jones, D., Jones, G., Jones, R., Ju, L., Kalmus, P., Kalogera, V., Kamaretsos, I., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, H., Kawabe, K., Kawamura, S., Kawazoe, F., Kells, W., Keppel, D., Keresztes, Z., Khalaidovski, A., Khalili, F., Khazanov, E., Kim, B., Kim, C., Kim, D., Kim, H., Kim, K., Kim, N., Kim, Y. M., King, P., Kinsey, M., Kinzel, D., Kissel, J., Klimenko, S., Kokeyama, K., Kondrashov, V., Kopparapu, R., Koranda, S., Korth, W., Kowalska, I., Kozak, D., Kringel, V., Krishnamurthy, S., Krishnan, B., Królak, A., Kuehn, G., Kumar, R., Kwee, P., Lam, P., Landry, M., Lang, M., Lantz, B., Lastzka, N., Lawrie, C., Lazzarini, A., Leaci, P., Lee, C., Lee, H., Leindecker, N., Leong, J., Leonor, I., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Li, J., Li, T., Liguori, N., Lindquist, P., Lockerbie, N., Lodhia, D., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Luan, J., Lubinski, M., Lück, H., Lundgren, A., Macdonald, E., Machenschalk, B., Macinnis, M., Macleod, D., Mageswaran, M., Mailand, K., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Man, N., Mandel, I., Mandic, V., Mantovani, M., Marandi, A., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markosyan, A., Maros, E., Marque, J., Martelli, F., Martin, I., Martin, R., Marx, J., Mason, K., Masserot, A., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Matzner, R., Mavalvala, N., Mazzolo, G., Mccarthy, R., Mcclelland, D., Mcguire, S., Mcintyre, G., Mciver, J., Mckechan, D., Meadors, G., Mehmet, M., Meier, T., Melatos, A., Melissinos, A., Mendell, G., Menendez, D., Mercer, R., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Meyer, M., Miao, H., Michel, C., Milano, Leopoldo, Miller, J., Minenkov, Y., Mitrofanov, V., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Miyakawa, O., Moe, B., Moesta, P., Mohan, M., Mohanty, S., Mohapatra, S., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Morgado, N., Morgia, A., Mori, T., Mosca, S., Mossavi, K., Mours, B., Mow Lowry, C., Mueller, C., Mueller, G., Mukherjee, S., Mullavey, A., Müller Ebhardt, H., Munch, J., Murphy, D., Murray, P., Mytidis, A., Nash, T., Naticchioni, L., Nawrodt, R., Necula, V., Nelson, J., Newton, G., Nishizawa, A., Nocera, F., Nolting, D., Nuttall, L., Ochsner, E., O’Dell, J., Oelker, E., Ogin, G., Oh, J., Oh, S., Oldenburg, R., O’Reilly, B., O’Shaughnessy, R., Osthelder, C., Ott, C., Ottaway, D., Ottens, R., Overmier, H., Owen, B., Page, A., Pagliaroli, G., Palladino, L., Palomba, C., Pan, Y., Pankow, C., Paoletti, F., Papa, M., Parisi, M., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patel, P., Pedraza, M., Peiris, P., Pekowsky, L., Penn, S., Peralta, C., Perreca, A., Persichetti, G., Phelps, M., Pickenpack, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pietka, M., Pinard, L., Pinto, I., Pitkin, M., Pletsch, H., Plissi, M., Poggiani, R., Pöld, J., Postiglione, F., Prato, M., Predoi, V., Price, L., Prijatelj, M., Principe, M., Privitera, S., Prix, R., Prodi, G., Prokhorov, L., Puncken, O., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Quetschke, V., Raab, F., Rabeling, D., Rácz, I., Radkins, H., Raffai, P., Rakhmanov, M., Ramet, C., Rankins, B., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Re, V., Redwine, K., Reed, C., Reed, T., Regimbau, T., Reid, S., Reitze, D., Ricci, F., Riesen, R., Riles, K., Robertson, N., Robinet, F., Robinson, C., Robinson, E., Rocchi, A., Roddy, S., Rodriguez, C., Rodruck, M., Rolland, L., Rollins, J., Romano, J., Romano, R., Romie, J., Rosińska, D., Röver, C., Rowan, S., Rüdiger, A., Ruggi, P., Ryan, K., Ryll, H., Sainathan, P., Sakosky, M., Salemi, F., Samblowski, A., Sammut, L., Sancho de la Jordana, L., Sandberg, V., Sankar, S., Sannibale, V., Santamaría, L., Santiago Prieto, I., Santostasi, G., Sassolas, B., Sathyaprakash, B., Sato, S., Saulson, P., Savage, R., Schilling, R., Schlamminger, S., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R., Schulz, B., Schutz, B., Schwinberg, P., Scott, J., Scott, S., Searle, A., Seifert, F., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A., Sentenac, D., Sergeev, A., Shaddock, D., Shaltev, M., Shapiro, B., Shawhan, P., Shoemaker, D., Sibley, A., Siemens, X., Sigg, D., Singer, A., Singer, L., Sintes, A., Skelton, G., Slagmolen, B., Slutsky, J., Smith, J., Smith, M., Smith, N., Smith, R., Somiya, K., Sorazu, B., Soto, J., Speirits, F., Sperandio, L., Stefszky, M., Stein, A., Steinert, E., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steplewski, S., Stochino, A., Stone, R., Strain, K., Strigin, S., Stroeer, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A., Summerscales, T., Sung, M., Susmithan, S., Sutton, P., Swinkels, B., Tacca, M., Taffarello, L., Talukder, D., Tanner, D., Tarabrin, S., Taylor, J., Taylor, R., Thomas, P., Thorne, K., Thrane, E., Thüring, A., Titsler, C., Tokmakov, K., Toncelli, A., Tonelli, M., Torre, O., Torres, C., Torrie, C., Tournefier, E., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trias, M., Tseng, K., Tucker, E., Ugolini, D., Urbanek, K., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Vallisneri, M., van den Brand, J., Van Den Broeck, C., van der Putten, S., van Veggel, A., Vass, S., Vasuth, M., Vaulin, R., Vavoulidis, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P., Veltkamp, C., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Viceré, A., Villar, A., Vinet, J. 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P., Zhang, F., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Zhang, Z., Zhao, C., Zotov, N., Zucker, M., Zweizig, J., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, LIGO, VIRGO, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules ( LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France ( PCC ), Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés ( LMA ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), APC - Gravitation ( APC-Gravitation ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), Max-Planck-Institut-Max-Planck-Institut, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), (Astro)-Particles Physics, and Mathematical Analysis
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), X-ray burster, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray binary, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Binary pulsar, [ PHYS.GRQC ] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], interferometers, Binary black hole, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, SIGNALS, 0103 physical sciences, Binary star, QC176, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astronomy, Gravitational waves, LIGO, gravitational waves, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], RADIATION, Stellar black hole, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: We report on a search for gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries using LIGO and Virgo observations between July 7, 2009 and October 20, 2010. We searched for signals from binaries with total mass between 2 and 25 solar masses; this includes binary neutron stars, binary black holes, and binaries consisting of a black hole and neutron star. The detectors were sensitive to systems up to 40 Mpc distant for binary neutron stars, and further for higher mass systems. No gravitational-wave signals were detected. We report upper limits on the rate of compact binary coalescence as a function of total mass, including the results from previous LIGO and Virgo observations. The cumulative 90%-confidence rate upper limits of the binary coalescence of binary neutron star, neutron star- black hole and binary black hole systems are 1.3 x 10^{-4}, 3.1 x 10^{-5} and 6.4 x 10^{-6} Mpc^{-3}yr^{-1}, respectively. These upper limits are up to a factor 1.4 lower than previously derived limits. We also report on results from a blind injection challenge., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures. For a repository of data used in the publication, go to: . Also see the announcement for this paper on ligo.org at
Published: 2012
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25. All-sky Search for Periodic Gravitational Waves in the Full S5 LIGO Data

Author: V. Necula, Sanichiro Yoshida, I. Santiago-Prieto, Graham Woan, R. Geng, Robert L. Byer, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, H. J. Bulten, Jordan Camp, Stuart Reid, James DiGuglielmo, Gianluca Persichetti, P. Couvares, Benno Willke, F. Garufi, V. V. Frolov, G. Kang, D. Feldbaum, T. Meier, Bernard F. Schutz, Li Ju, Alessandra Buonanno, M. Branchesi, J. C. Batch, K. A. Hodge, M. Born, K. Mailand, Roman Schnabel, M. A. Bizouard, Daniel A. Shaddock, J. E. Brau, J. Hanson, A. A. van Veggel, Subramanian Krishnamurthy, Efim A. Khazanov, M. Stefszky, Sunil Susmithan, Soumya D. Mohanty, Guido Mueller, T. T. Fricke, N. Liguori, F. Frasconi, A. S. Stroeer, G. Endroczi, Hyun-Chul Kim, R. Mittleman, Nelson Christensen, B. Behnke, Stanislav Babak, G. Ballardin, Duncan A. Brown, N. Beveridge, M. Blom, Walter Winkler, A. S. Markosyan, Harald Lück, Paul Fulda, M. Britzger, S. C. McGuire, D. J. A. McKechan, C. R. Ramet, R. Flaminio, L. Palladino, Ilya Mandel, E. Macdonald, I. Maksimovic, J. Marque, B. K. Kim, R. L. Ward, M. Phelps, T. Accadia, Richard A. Matzner, David Murphy, N. Zotov, K. Mason, J. Abadie, A. J. Stein, J. S. Kissel, Norman Gray, S. Braccini, S. Chung, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Zoltán Keresztes, Haixing Miao, S. Penn, S. L. Danilishin, P. Wei, V. Dattilo, Stefan Hild, Matthew Evans, Elena Cesarini, Riccardo Sturani, Zhihui Du, H. R. Williams, J. Luan, Badri Krishnan, R. Inta, H. Kaufer, C. Peralta, B. Moe, E. Amador Ceron, R. M. Martin, Roberto Conte, C. Aulbert, Scott Koranda, L. Matone, I. Kamaretsos, O. Bock, S. Klimenko, István Rácz, K. L. Dooley, Sabrina D'Antonio, V. Fafone, C. Palomba, M. Prijatelj, S. Kandhasamy, Ryan DeRosa, A. Khalaidovski, R. Engel, F. Salemi, A. Brillet, S. Privitera, A. R. Wade, C. M. Mow-Lowry, M. Pietka, Alberto Vecchio, J. Heefner, R. Grosso, F. Clara, Sergey P. Vyatchanin, Robert Stone, A. Di Virgilio, B. Lantz, Laura Cadonati, Lisa Barsotti, Namjun Kim, John A. Clark, Ben Farr, Rosa Poggiani, M. Flanigan, C. M. Reed, Ho-Gyu Lee, J. Colas, L. Prokhorov, Will M. Farr, Alessandra Toncelli, Xavier Siemens, T. Ha, M. C. Araya, Zhentian Wang, M. Factourovich, J. Garofoli, M. S. Meyer, B. F. Whiting, S. Dorsher, P. Leaci, A. Colla, D. Nolting, A. Viceré, Mirko Prato, Yi Chen, N. D. Smith, V. Brisson, D. Passuello, Takehiko Mori, Benjamin Aylott, Susan M. Scott, Teviet Creighton, R. L. Savage, A. S. Bell, T. Isogai, K. Redwine, J. R. Leong, Christian D. Ott, B. J. J. Slagmolen, Hee-Suk Cho, B. Mours, A. Morgia, C. Torres, F. Y. Khalili, G. Mazzolo, A. Sibley, J. F. Hayau, A. Chiummo, M. E. Gáspár, Fausto Acernese, Chad Hanna, R. M. S. Schofield, P. Raffai, W. Z. Korth, Rainer Weiss, F. Ricci, R. W. P. Drever, Peter Aufmuth, Fan Zhang, C. Van Den Broeck, T. Etzel, H. P. Daveloza, L. Bonelli, N. A. Robertson, C. N. Colacino, Matthew Benacquista, Benjamin J. Owen, J. F. J. van den Brand, J. Betzwieser, M. Tacca, Martin Hendry, Evan Ochsner, C. Wilkinson, Riccardo Bassiri, C. Bradaschia, D. Amariutei, Antoine Heidmann, P. Peiris, W. W. Johnson, A. J. Weinstein, J. Breyer, C. Messenger, A. Cumming, C. Gray, Keiko Kokeyama, P. Wessels, H. Overmier, P. T. Beyersdorf, D. Fazi, Miftar Ganija, E. Maros, R. De Rosa, E. Genin, J. Hanks, S. Van Der Putten, M. Mantovani, X. F. Wang, Rana X. Adhikari, B. Bland, Luca Gammaitoni, David Blair, Michele Vallisneri, A. Singer, B. Hughey, Ranjan Gupta, J. N. Marx, Moritz Mehmet, C. T. Y. Chung, H. Ryll, Th. Bauer, Michael E Zucker, T. Eberle, Gareth Jones, K. V. Tokmakov, B. Machenschalk, László Á. Gergely, Martin Hewitson, F. Donovan, Junwei Cao, Ik Siong Heng, A. Rüdiger, S. Steplewski, F. Nocera, M. Was, D. J. White, David Jones, Piotr Jaranowski, Florent Robinet, Weiya Zhang, F. Marion, N. Leroy, Emma L. Robinson, R. Dannenberg, J. Steinlechner, M. Landry, Kentaro Somiya, S. H. Huttner, D. Atkinson, Ping Koy Lam, D. Barker, Marco Cavaglia, F. Cleva, J. Slutsky, Imre Bartos, A. Zadrony, M. Bebronne, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, N. Morgado, Kipp Cannon, R. S. Ottens, L. Di Fiore, G. Debreczeni, G. McIntyre, Leo Singer, D. Sellers, M. Brinkmann, C. Robinson, Benjamin William Allen, H. Fehrmann, Simon Chelkowski, H. Vocca, D. Ugolini, O. Burmeister, S. Roddy, E. Black, J. R. Smith, R. Bork, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, A. M. Cruise, T. Nash, V. Re, G. H. Ogin, Matthew Lang, G. Vedovato, D. B. Kozak, A. M. Gretarsson, A. Rocchi, C. Lawrie, A. Belletoile, Soma Mukherjee, Tristan Briant, Drew Keppel, E. Chalkley, H. Yamamoto, J. Bauchrowitz, Y. Minenkov, M. Barsuglia, D. Moraru, S. J. Waldman, Aiko Samblowski, Karsten Danzmann, J. H. Clayton, M. Del Prete, F. Seifert, Peter Fritschel, S. Foley, O. Chaibi, M. Colombini, Andrew Melatos, M. Lorenzini, A. Masserot, C. Vorvick, M. A. Arain, Gregory M. Harry, M. Lormand, D. Hoak, R. Passaquieti, S. Frasca, D. Sentenac, A. W. Heptonstall, Peter R. Saulson, Saranya Ghosh, P. Moesta, Patrick Brady, L. Naticchioni, Salvatore Vitale, A. Grant, D. Yeaton-Massey, M. Punturo, P. Puppo, Jean-Charles Dumas, S. Sankar, J. K. Blackburn, John Nelson, P. Astone, Larne Pekowsky, V. Kondrashov, R. DeSalvo, Giulia Pagliaroli, E. Chassande-Mottin, Ruxandra Bondarescu, Leopoldo Milano, Slawomir Gras, H. Wittel, G. Mendell, B. Sorazu, L. Sancho De La Jordana, D. Hammer, Liam Cunningham, Matthew Heintze, M. Bastarrika, P. J. Sutton, C. C. Wipf, J. H. Romie, G. Kuehn, F. J. Raab, G. Santostasi, Marco Aurelio Diaz, Chunnong Zhao, G. A. Prodi, Alexander Wanner, Rahul Biswas, F. Piergiovanni, Chang-Hwan Lee, Sheila Rowan, V. Raymond, L. Zhang, P. Thomas, Vuk Mandic, A. M. Sintes, A. C. Searle, Enrico Calloni, G. Traylor, Eric Howell, A. Gennai, V. Predoi, I. W. Martin, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, A. Thüring, C. Bogan, Virginio Sannibale, David E. McClelland, A. C. Melissinos, C. Osthelder, P. Schwinberg, F. Vetrano, Karel E. Urbanek, L. A. Forte, D. O. Bridges, Rebecca Fisher, Gavin Davies, L. Pinard, L. Taffarello, Ilya Belopolski, Lee Samuel Finn, J. C. Driggers, Andrea Chincarini, Thomas Corbitt, David H. Shoemaker, V. Herrera, Holger J. Pletsch, D. Verkindt, Jordi Burguet-Castell, C. A. Costa, W. G. Anderson, J. Li, L. K. Nuttall, G. Cella, M. Yvert, T. D. Abbott, O. Puncken, D. Friedrich, Erik Katsavounidis, C. Veltkamp, M. R. Abernathy, Nico Lastzka, G. Billingsley, J. A. Giaime, S. E. Dwyer, Y. M. Kim, G. P. Newton, M. Fyffe, Gabriela Gonzalez, Anton B. Ivanov, J. Garcia, T. Z. Summerscales, G. Vajente, Huan Yang, S. R. P. Mohapatra, Peter Kalmus, Stephen Fairhurst, J. M. Hallam, M. Davier, Koji Arai, A. Mytidis, W. Katzman, R. J.E. Smith, R. G. Oldenburg, N. A. Lockerbie, J. P. Zendri, C. L. Mueller, M. T. Hartman, J. Pöld, V. Kringel, R. Gustafson, L. Bosi, L. Wallace, A. Królak, Giacomo Ciani, R. Frey, S. Giampanis, B. P. Abbott, Suvadeep Bose, Carlos Cepeda, Robert J. McCarthy, Linqing Wen, Shuichi Sato, D. Lodhia, Maik Frede, C. D. Capano, M. Tonelli, Larry R. Price, O. Miyakawa, Shaun Hooper, D. F. Menéndez, C. I. Torrie, E. K. Gustafson, D. E. Clark, Ettore Majorana, M. J. Lubinski, A. Giazotto, Z. Márka, K. Evans, D. R. Ingram, Jonah Kanner, P. Ehrens, P. J. King, B. Shapiro, F. Paoletti, Tomasz Bulik, P. Ruggi, A. G. Wiseman, Kip S. Thorne, Phil Willems, A. Brummit, P. Shawhan, I. Ferrante, Albert Lazzarini, P. Charlton, Rajesh Kumar, Vladimir B. Braginsky, Yaohui Fan, Tenglin Li, C. Buy, Miquel Trias, Stefan Goßler, I. Kowalska, G. S. Allen, E. Steinert, M. R. Smith, François Bondu, M. Sakosky, T. Chalermsongsak, Alessandro Bertolini, M. Rodruck, Vladimir Dergachev, D. C. Coyne, S. E. Strigin, H. Vahlbruch, K. Izumi, K. Riles, J. Y. Vinet, B. Sassolas, G. R. Skelton, N. Fotopoulos, A. S. Sengupta, M. Bitossi, M. Edwards, P. Sainathan, V. Boschi, Joseph D. Romano, A. E. Villar, S. Vass, S. Márka, Ronny Nawrodt, Kasem Mossavi, K. Wette, T. Reed, James Whelan, Tania Regimbau, F. Travasso, A. Effler, M. Weinert, Kenneth A. Strain, M. Jacobson, A. Mullavey, Eric Thrane, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, I. A. Bilenko, David J. Ottaway, F. Fidecaro, G. M. Guidi, M. Galimberti, A. Perreca, G. Gemme, M. Drago, M. Pickenpack, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, John J. Oh, Timothy Evans, S. B. Anderson, A. Conte, J. Franc, C. Michel, A. Stochino, V. P. Mitrofanov, Seiji Kawamura, Ruslan Vaulin, David B. Tanner, Guenakh Mitselmakher, P. Baker, Reinhard Prix, Elizabeth Harstad, D. J. Hosken, L. Rolland, P. Ajith, E. Coccia, S. Wen, Fabio Marchesoni, P. Hello, A. M. Sergeev, Nick Leindecker, J. Zweizig, M. Cordier, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, Sarah Caudill, Jan Harms, Fabrice Matichard, J. Soto, Fabrizio Barone, M. Mohan, Kyungmin Kim, B. O'Reilly, W. Del Pozzo, P. F. Cohadon, H. Heitmann, J. G. Rollins, M. Sung, A. Di Lieto, R. Day, P. Yu, Lisa M. Goggin, B. Daudert, C. Adams, D. Sigg, Boris Hage, S. W. Ballmer, N. Man, W. Kells, H. J. Jang, T. Hong, K. Haughian, R. M. Cutler, Eric Oelker, M. Shaltev, Yi Pan, B. Rankins, Joshua Yablon, David H. Reitze, M. Pedraza, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Matthew West, Lucía Santamaría, E. Goetz, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, Sebastian Steinlechner, P. Patel, Malik Rakhmanov, T. Dent, Kazuhiro Hayama, Maria Alessandra Papa, J. Worden, F. Cavalier, L. Williams, M. Vasúth, P. Campsie, G. Moreno, Michael L. Gorodetsky, T. Westphal, I. Leonor, John K. Cannizzo, D. Talukder, P. G. Murray, C. Pankow, I. W. Harry, Alessandra Corsi, A. Pasqualetti, D. M. Macleod, H. Müller-Ebhardt, M. V. Plissi, R. Gouaty, B. L. Swinkels, A. L. Stuver, E. J. Daw, C. Graef, M. Kinsey, Kevin M. Ryan, K. D. Giardina, C. Gill, Katrin Dahl, J. H. Hough, E. Forsi, I. Di Palma, Hartmut Grote, Zhongyang Zhang, Grant David Meadors, G. Losurdo, John Miller, R. Riesen, B. Bouhou, G. Cagnoli, Neil J. Cornish, C. Greverie, P. E. Lindquist, C. Affeldt, R. Taylor, Douglas R. Cook, Michele Zanolin, T. P. Bodiya, S. Mosca, M. Vavoulidis, J.R. Taylor, D. Buskulic, B. Schulz, V. Kalogera, J. O'Dell, T. Dayanga, F. Kawazoe, O. Torre, E. Cuoco, D. Rosińska, S. P. Tarabrin, G. D. Hammond, Richard J. Abbott, S. Meshkov, Seog Oh, S. Grunewald, Amanda J. Page, A. F. Brooks, I. Yakushin, L. Sammut, S. E. Whitcomb, V. Loriette, R. Schilling, Jessica McIver, D. S. Rabeling, Rocco Romano, John D. Scott, D. L. Kinzel, R. A. Mercer, Matthew P. Edgar, K. Tseng, Jesper Munch, Y. Wan, F. Martelli, Jolien D. E. Creighton, S. Caride, Lindy Blackburn, K. Holt, Chunglee Kim, V. Sandberg, F. Carbognani, H. Radkins, J. M. Berliner, David Coward, Sheon Chua, C. J. Guido, Christian Röver, R. Bonnand, L. Sperandio, Andreas Freise, Alireza Marandi, Matthew Pitkin, R. Wooley, M. Frei, Stephan Schlamminger, N. Letendre, M. Granata, T. Hayler, R. Cavalieri, M. Di Paolo Emilio, E. Tournefier, A. Basti, M. Parisi, M. G. Beker, Du Yong Kim, J.-P. Coulon, Jens Birch, Z. Frei, A. Dietz, J.-D. Fournier, I. Fiori, A. P. Lundgren, M. A. Barton, Carl L. Rodriguez, Sascha Husa, D.B. DeBra, Fabio Postiglione, P. Kwee, K. A. Thorne, T. Huynh-Dinh, P. J. Veitch, Roger Jones, K. Kawabe, S. M. Aston, Michael W. Coughlin, Pablo Barriga, M. Mageswaran, Benjamin Canuel, Lutz Winkelmann, Fiona C. Speirits, John Veitch, C. Titsler, M. MacInnis, P. Rapagnani, R. S. Amin, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, LVC Collaboration, The, Pinto, I. M., Principe, M., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules ( LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France ( PCC ), Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Physique de Rennes ( IPR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux ( ARTEMIS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), APC - Gravitation ( APC-Gravitation ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), and Max-Planck-Institut-Max-Planck-Institut
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gravitational wave detectors and experiments, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Frequency band, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Gravitational radiation detectors, mass spectrometera, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, LIMIT, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, [ PHYS.GRQC ] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, Subatomic Physics, 010306 general physics, QB, media_common, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Polarization (waves), LIGO, Neutron star, Amplitude, Sky, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: We report on an all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency band 50-800 Hz and with the frequency time derivative in the range of 0 through -6e-9 Hz/s. Such a signal could be produced by a nearby spinning and slightly non-axisymmetric isolated neutron star in our galaxy. After recent improvements in the search program that yielded a 10x increase in computational efficiency, we have searched in two years of data collected during LIGO's fifth science run and have obtained the most sensitive all-sky upper limits on gravitational wave strain to date. Near 150 Hz our upper limit on worst-case linearly polarized strain amplitude $h_0$ is 1e-24, while at the high end of our frequency range we achieve a worst-case upper limit of 3.8e-24 for all polarizations and sky locations. These results constitute a factor of two improvement upon previously published data. A new detection pipeline utilizing a Loosely Coherent algorithm was able to follow up weaker outliers, increasing the volume of space where signals can be detected by a factor of 10, but has not revealed any gravitational wave signals. The pipeline has been tested for robustness with respect to deviations from the model of an isolated neutron star, such as caused by a low-mass or long-period binary companion., 18 pages
Published: 2012
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26. Magnetic frustration in a quantum spin chain: the case of linarite PbCuSO4(OH)2

Author: B, Willenberg, M, Schäpers, K C, Rule, S, Süllow, M, Reehuis, H, Ryll, B, Klemke, K, Kiefer, W, Schottenhamel, B, Büchner, B, Ouladdiaf, M, Uhlarz, R, Beyer, J, Wosnitza, and A U B, Wolter
Abstract: We present a combined neutron diffraction and bulk thermodynamic study of the natural mineral linarite PbCuSO4(OH)2, this way establishing the nature of the ground-state magnetic order. An incommensurate magnetic ordering with a propagation vector k=(0,0.186,1/2) was found below T(N)=2.8 K in a zero magnetic field. The analysis of the neutron diffraction data yields an elliptical helical structure, where one component (0.638μ(B)) is in the monoclinic ac plane forming an angle with the a axis of 27(2)°, while the other component (0.833μ(B)) points along the b axis. From a detailed thermodynamic study of bulk linarite in magnetic fields up to 12 T, applied along the chain direction, a very rich magnetic phase diagram is established, with multiple field-induced phases, and possibly short-range-order effects occurring in high fields. Our data establish linarite as a model compound of the frustrated one-dimensional spin chain, with ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor and antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interactions. Long-range magnetic order is brought about by interchain coupling 1 order of magnitude smaller than the intrachain coupling.
Published: 2011

27. A gravitational wave observatory operating beyond the quantum shot-noise limit

Author: C. T. Y. Chung, Alberto Vecchio, L. Prokhorov, Will M. Farr, G. McIntyre, N. D. Smith, J. Garcia, A. Effler, Andreas Freise, Leo Singer, M. Pickenpack, Alireza Marandi, Kipp Cannon, A. S. Sengupta, R. S. Ottens, Y. Wan, A. L. Stuver, Jordi Burguet-Castell, Matthew Pitkin, B. Hughey, R. Wooley, Henning Kaufer, Kip S. Thorne, T. Chalermsongsak, Alessandro Bertolini, Guenakh Mitselmakher, J. R. Leong, A. M. Sergeev, M. A. Arain, J. Soto, M. Frei, H. Ryll, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Matthew West, I. Leonor, John K. Cannizzo, P. Couvares, Benno Willke, Gregory M. Harry, S. Kandhasamy, D. Barker, S. Roddy, Xuan Wang, P. Aufmuth, P. Shawhan, Lee Samuel Finn, Alessandra Corsi, Jonah Kanner, T. Reed, A. Stochino, V. P. Mitrofanov, D. Ugolini, T. D. Abbott, O. Puncken, J. C. Dumas, S. Sankar, M. A. Barton, Lei Zhang, Carl L. Rodriguez, P. Charlton, L. Wallace, R. Frey, P. J. King, B. Shapiro, A. G. Wiseman, Rana X. Adhikari, Alessandra Buonanno, D. C. Coyne, K. Izumi, Albert Lazzarini, Sascha Husa, Robert Stone, V. Predoi, I. W. Martin, E. J. Daw, Stefan Goßler, D.B. DeBra, J. Luan, H. Yamamoto, B. Machenschalk, M. C. Araya, Boris Hage, Virginio Sannibale, Marco Aurelio Diaz, David E. McClelland, Takao Mori, F. Donovan, I. Gholami, A. Perreca, I. A. Bilenko, D. Moraru, K. D. Giardina, C. Gill, B. Rankins, Joshua Yablon, C. Wilkinson, P. Thomas, A. E. Villar, Albrecht Rüdiger, M. Lormand, C. Bogan, David J. Ottaway, M. Prijatelj, Ruxandra Bondarescu, G. Mendell, Fabio Postiglione, Christian D. Ott, D. Yeaton-Massey, K. A. Thorne, H. Radkins, A. Singer, B. J. J. Slagmolen, V. Raymond, J. N. Marx, P. T. Baker, Nergis Mavalvala, László Á. Gergely, Namjun Kim, Norman Gray, H. S. Cho, N. A. Lockerbie, J. Birch, D. J. Hosken, C. Messenger, P. J. Veitch, Jerome Degallaix, Riccardo Bassiri, J. M. Berliner, David H. Shoemaker, C. Osthelder, C. Graef, Erik Katsavounidis, Ryan DeRosa, J. G. Rollins, R. Engel, Salvatore Vitale, Karel E. Urbanek, D. O. Bridges, Rebecca Fisher, E. Maros, S. E. Dwyer, V. Kondrashov, N. A. Robertson, Lutz Winkelmann, R. DeSalvo, David Coward, Sheon Chua, C. J. Guido, Christian Röver, Holger J. Pletsch, Fiona C. Speirits, Theodore S. Hong, Stephan Schlamminger, G. Mazzolo, Sunil Susmithan, Vladimir Dergachev, James Whelan, P. Ajith, M. J. Lubinski, M. Cordier, Ping Koy Lam, P. Leaci, D. Nolting, W. Z. Korth, Bernard F. Whiting, John Veitch, C. Titsler, M. T. Hartman, C. Lawrie, K. Evans, J. C. Batch, K. A. Hodge, Suvadeep Bose, H. Fehrmann, David Jones, D. Hammer, G. P. Newton, M. Fyffe, Gabriela Gonzalez, A. S. Stroeer, M. MacInnis, R. S. Amin, J. M. Hallam, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, Gavin Davies, Anton B. Ivanov, John D. Scott, D. L. Kinzel, R. A. Mercer, Kris Ryan, Zhihui Du, P. Raffai, J. H. Clayton, Z. Márka, H. Wittel, L. Sancho De La Jordana, Matthew Heintze, Marco Cavaglia, Patrick J. Sutton, C. R. Ramet, J. S. Kissel, Rajesh Kumar, E. Steinert, M. R. Smith, M. Bastarrika, J. Hanks, Badri Krishnan, S. R. P. Mohapatra, J. C. Driggers, F. J. Raab, T. Huynh-Dinh, V. Necula, Peter Kalmus, Z. Frei, M. Edwards, Laura Cadonati, Bastian Schulz, Katrin Dahl, R. Bork, Ranjan Gupta, Fumiko Kawazoe, Huan Yang, A. R. Wade, G. Kuehn, C. M. Mow-Lowry, Sergey P. Vyatchanin, C. Robinson, Benjamin William Allen, Karsten Danzmann, Alexander Wanner, Rahul Biswas, Koji Arai, Chang-Hwan Lee, B. Moe, A. W. Heptonstall, Peter R. Saulson, I. Santiago-Prieto, Vladimir B. Braginsky, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, N. Fotopoulos, R. Geng, V. V. Frolov, Matthew P. Edgar, K. Tseng, Soma Mukherjee, Drew Keppel, Jesper Munch, S. Chung, J. Betzwieser, Roger Jones, M. E. Zweizig, R. Abbott, Samuel J. Waldman, Vicky Kalogera, Larry R. Price, G. S. Allen, Susan M. Scott, E. Chalkley, S. Dorsher, O. Miyakawa, Jan Hendrik Pöld, John Miller, Jordan Camp, Zoltán Keresztes, M. Rodruck, Slawomir Gras, B. Behnke, M. Weinert, C. Torres, P. G. Murray, J. Heefner, R. Grosso, John A. Clark, Ben Farr, M. Flanigan, Teviet Creighton, D. Feldbaum, V. Kringel, J. H. Hough, T. Meier, Ronny Nawrodt, A. Brummitt, K. Kawabe, M. Britzger, R. G. Oldenburg, N. Beveridge, Hyun Kyung Kim, S. M. Aston, Douglas R. Cook, S. B. Anderson, John Worden, J. E. Brau, Michele Zanolin, P. Kwee, C. L. Mueller, Walter Winkler, Ruslan Vaulin, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, Chad Hanna, Michael W. Coughlin, M. Mageswaran, Zhenyu Zhang, G. D. Hammond, B. Lantz, Stanislav Babak, A. S. Markosyan, Michele Vallisneri, David B. Tanner, Harald Lück, B. E. Aylott, R. Conte, Yaohui Fan, Ik Siong Heng, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, S. Steplewski, C. Affeldt, Emma L. Robinson, R. Dannenberg, M. Sung, A. M. Cruise, Evan Ochsner, Duncan A. Brown, Paul Fulda, Zhentian Wang, John Nelson, S. C. McGuire, D. J. A. McKechan, M. Pedraza, R. Taylor, C. I. Torrie, Jan Harms, Jöran Bauchrowitz, H. J. Jang, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, S. Márka, A. J. Weinstein, Larne Pekowsky, Matthew Evans, K. Haughian, Maria Alessandra Papa, R. M. S. Schofield, Matthew Benacquista, G. R. Skelton, T. Dent, D. Amariutei, Ilya Mandel, E. Macdonald, Vuk Mandic, Kenneth A. Strain, Benjamin J. Owen, Kazuhiro Hayama, Daniel Friedrich, T. P. Bodiya, R. Inta, S. Klimenko, B. K. Kim, Andrew Lundgren, M. Landry, Martin Hendry, T. Etzel, H. P. Daveloza, S. Privitera, P. Barriga, S. Penn, Kyungmin Kim, B. O'Reilly, Christopher Wipf, K. V. Tokmakov, D. Talukder, C. Pankow, I. W. Harry, Subramanian Krishnamurthy, J. A. Giaime, Evan Goetz, Andre Thüring, Seiji Kawamura, J. O'Dell, T. Dayanga, Richard A. Matzner, Y. M. Kim, C. Aulbert, C. M. Reed, T. Ha, Scott Koranda, Eric Oelker, Yi Pan, Reinhard Prix, Elizabeth Harstad, L. Matone, J. Slutsky, Imre Bartos, K. Redwine, S. Wen, Shaun Hooper, D. F. Menéndez, D. J. White, C. Zhao, Alicia M. Sintes, M. S. Meyer, Jolien D. E. Creighton, S. Caride, Michael L. Gorodetsky, T. Westphal, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, E. Black, P. Wei, J. R. Smith, Martin Hewitson, Lindy Blackburn, K. Holt, Chunglee Kim, T. Nash, Stefan Hild, Junwei Cao, V. Sandberg, A. Sibley, Carlos Cepeda, Robert J. McCarthy, Linqing Wen, M. V. Plissi, Keiko Kokeyama, G. H. Ogin, David H. Reitze, P. Peiris, C. Veltkamp, Rainer Weiss, R. W. P. Drever, S. Meshkov, Seog Oh, M. Kinsey, J. Breyer, D. Fazi, Miftar Ganija, J. R. Taylor, A. Grant, P. Wessels, I. Di Palma, A. A. van Veggel, D. Lodhia, C. Gray, S. H. Huttner, D. Atkinson, W. W. Johnson, Matthew Lang, Andrew Melatos, Kentaro Somiya, G. T. Jones, Joseph D. Romano, D. R. Ingram, Hartmut Grote, M. Brinkmann, P. Moesta, David Blair, Roman Schnabel, Kasem Mossavi, Jui-Lin Li, Phil Willems, M. Sakosky, Ilya Belopolski, I. Yakushin, Efim A. Khazanov, Moritz Mehmet, P. T. Beyersdorf, G. Santostasi, L. Sammut, S. E. Whitcomb, Neil J. Cornish, A. Mytidis, C. D. Capano, P. E. Lindquist, Eric Howell, M. Factourovich, Eric Thrane, M. Phelps, Francesco Salemi, J. Garofoli, Haixing Miao, S. L. Danilishin, C. Peralta, M. Shaltev, L. K. Nuttall, M. R. Abernathy, Sarah Caudill, P. Yu, Lisa M. Goggin, H. R. Williams, I. Kamaretsos, O. Bock, K. L. Dooley, Nico Lastzka, G. Billingsley, B. Daudert, Jessica McIver, Lisa Barsotti, H. Overmier, F. Clara, G. Kang, Sanichiro Yoshida, F. Seifert, D. Sellers, Graham Woan, Miquel Trias, Peter Fritschel, M. Jacobson, A. Mullavey, M. Born, K. Mailand, A. Cumming, S. Foley, R. Mittleman, Nelson Christensen, Helge Müller-Ebhardt, Robert L. Byer, Stuart Reid, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, Saranya Ghosh, Simon Chelkowski, A. C. Searle, P. Patel, Malik Rakhmanov, L. Williams, Hyung Mok Lee, G. Traylor, Thomas Corbitt, V. Herrera, Susumu Sato, C. A. Costa, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Weiya Zhang, E. Forsi, R. Riesen, D. Hoak, James DiGuglielmo, Patrick Brady, Roland Schilling, Oliver Burmeister, Bernard F. Schutz, A. M. Gretarsson, S. P. Tarabrin, Li Ju, Daniel A. Shaddock, J. Hanson, M. Stefszky, Alexander Khalaidovski, Guido Mueller, T. T. Fricke, J. K. Blackburn, B. Bland, David Murphy, Sheila Rowan, D. Kim, J. Abadie, A. J. Stein, Stephen Fairhurst, R. L. Ward, J. H. Romie, L. Cunningham, R. Gustafson, Tobias Eberle, S. Giampanis, S. E. Strigin, Nick Leindecker, Sebastian Steinlechner, Soumya D. Mohanty, N. Zotov, D. B. Kozak, K. Mason, C. Vorvick, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, E. Amador Ceron, R. M. Martin, Xavier Siemens, Yi Chen, Theodore A. Evans, Maik Frede, P. Schwinberg, W. G. Anderson, Giacomo Ciani, B. P. Abbott, E. K. Gustafson, D. E. Clark, S. Vass, Fabrice Matichard, W. Kells, Lucía Santamaría, S. Grunewald, Aiko Samblowski, Amanda J. Page, A. F. Brooks, R. L. Savage, A. S. Bell, T. Isogai, F. Y. Khalili, D. M. Macleod, Grant David Meadors, J. Zucker, Jessica Steinlechner, B. Sorazu, A. C. Melissinos, T. Z. Summerscales, W. Katzman, R. J.E. Smith, P. Ehrens, P. Sainathan, K. Wette, John J. Oh, C. Adams, D. Sigg, S. W. Ballmer, R. M. Cutler, P. Campsie, G. Moreno, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Lincoln Laboratory, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, LVC Collaboration, The, Pinto, I. M., and Principe, M.
Subjects: Physics, Gravitational-wave observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, Quantum entanglement, 01 natural sciences, GEO600, Optics, Observatory, SQUEEZED STATES, 0103 physical sciences, Quantum metrology, 010306 general physics, business, Squeezed coherent state, LIGO Scientific Collaboration
Abstract: Around the globe several observatories are seeking the first direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs). These waves are predicted by Einstein''s general theory of relativity(1) and are generated, for example, by black-hole binary systems(2). Present GW detectors are Michelson-type kilometre-scale laser interferometers measuring the distance changes between mirrors suspended in vacuum. The sensitivity of these detectors at frequencies above several hundred hertz is limited by the vacuum (zero-point) fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. A quantum technology-the injection of squeezed light(3)-offers a solution to this problem. Here we demonstrate the squeezed-light enhancement of GEO 600, which will be the GW observatory operated by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration in its search for GWs for the next 3-4 years. GEO 600 now operates with its best ever sensitivity, which proves the usefulness of quantum entanglement and the qualification of squeezed light as a key technology for future GW astronomy(4).
Published: 2011

28. High Speed, High Resolution pnCCDs as Two Dimensional Imaging Spectrometers for X-rays and Electrons

Author: Raimo Hartmann, Ch. Thamm, H. Ryll, P. Holl, Martin Simson, Julia Schmidt, Heike Soltau, J. Soltau, Sebastian Ihle, Martin Huth, R. Eckhardt, and Lothar Strüder
Subjects: Wavefront, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Spectrometer, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Free-electron laser, Electron, Particle detector, Optics, Cardinal point, business, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Since several years pnCCDs are well known as radiation detectors for spectroscopic imaging in many fields of science: X-Ray Fluorescence analysis (XRF), X-ray astronomy, X-ray Free Electron Laser science, synchrotrons and in the visible range as wave front sensors in adaptive optics systems. For direct electron detection in the focal plane of (S)TEMs they have delivered remarkable results in an energy range from 20 keV up to 300 keV.
Published: 2014
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29. The pnCCD for Applications in Transmission Electron Microscopy: Further Development and New Operation Modes

Author: Martin Huth, Sebastian Ihle, Robert Hartmann, Martin Simson, Lothar Strüder, Julia Schmidt, H. Ryll, and Heike Soltau
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Transmission electron microscopy, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation
Published: 2014
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30. High Speed, High Throughput Two Dimensional Direct Electron Detector Based on the Concept of pnCCDs

Author: Raimo Hartmann, H. Ryll, Martin Simson, Heike Soltau, G. Lutz, Julia Schmidt, Lothar Strüder, Martin Huth, P. Holl, and J. Soltau
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Detector, Optoelectronics, Electron, business, Instrumentation, Throughput (business)
Published: 2014
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31. Controlled charge extraction—antiblooming capabilities in pnCCD imaging sensors

Author: D. Steigenhöfer, Martin Simson, Lothar Strüder, Ullrich Pietsch, S. Send, Martin Huth, Raimo Hartmann, H. Ryll, G. Lutz, J. Soltau, Heike Soltau, P. Holl, and J. Schmidt
Subjects: Physics, Photon, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Semiconductor device, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Charge carrier, Electric potential, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Mathematical Physics, Voltage
Abstract: Blooming in a CCD occurs when the signal charges accumulating in a pixel exceed the pixel saturation level and spill over into adjacent pixels. They start to spill over the weakest threshold in the electric potential of the pixel structure resulting in a degradation of the spatial information. With antiblooming mechanisms, the spatial resolution of the incoming photons can be preserved, but the intensity information is lost in the overflowing pixels. For imaging experiments, relying on a precise image structure, the preservation of the spatial resolution at the expense of precise intensity information is a workable compromise. In contrast to insulated gate CCDs, notably MOSCCDs, the potential wells of the pixel array of a pnCCD are created by p+n junctions, allowing direct electric access to the pixel structure. This allows to directly drain off charges from the pixels and to define a drain level by applying the appropriate operation voltages. Charge packets from 1 000 to more than one billion signal electrons per readout frame were generated without observing a spillover into adjacent pixels. As soon as the saturation level of the pixel is reached, the excess charge carriers are removed through charge drains exclusively created with the modification of the electric potential of the pnCCD by the operation voltages. No additional antiblooming structures were implemented in the device and the pixel full well capacity of approximately 300 000 electrons in standard operation mode was preserved. A physical model of the antiblooming mechanism of pnCCDs with a pixel size of 75 μ m × 75 μ m was established by two-dimensional numerical device simulations and verified by experiments.
Published: 2016
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32. 4D STEM: High efficiency phase contrast imaging using a fast pixelated detector

Author: Hiroyuki Banba, Yukihito Kondo, Lewys Jones, Peter D. Nellist, H. Ryll, Hao Yang, Heike Soltau, Ryusuke Sagawa, Ian MacLaren, and Martin Simson
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Diffraction, History, Materials science, business.industry, Detector, Phase-contrast imaging, Phase (waves), 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Frame rate, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Optics, law, Computer Science::Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 0103 physical sciences, Electron microscope, 0210 nano-technology, business, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy
Abstract: Phase contrast imaging is widely used for imaging beam sensitive and weak phase objects in electron microscopy. In this work we demonstrate the achievement of high efficient phase contrast imaging in STEM using the pnCCD, a fast direct electron pixelated detector, which records the diffraction patterns at every probe position with a speed of 1000 to 4000 frames per second, forming a 4D STEM dataset simultaneously with the incoherent Z-contrast imaging. Ptychographic phase reconstruction has been applied and the obtained complex transmission function reveals the phase of the specimen. The results using GaN and Ti, Nd- doped BiFeO3 show that this imaging mode is especially powerful for imaging light elements in the presence of much heavier elements.
Published: 2015
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33. Results of a pnCCD Based Ultrafast Direct Single Electron Imaging Camera for Transmission Electron Microscopy

Author: A. Liebel, H. Ryll, Robert Hartmann, I. Ordavo, Heike Soltau, Lothar Strüder, Knut Müller, Sebastian Ihle, and Andreas Rosenauer
Subjects: Conventional transmission electron microscope, Single electron, Materials science, Electron tomography, business.industry, Transmission electron microscopy, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, Scanning confocal electron microscopy, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract: Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Published: 2013
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34. Active Pixel Sensors for Direct Imaging Of Electrons From 10 keV Up To Several MeV With Large Dynamic Range for TEM Applications

Author: Stefan Aschauer, K. Hermenau, P. Majewski, Heike Soltau, Johannes Treis, H. Ryll, Lothar Strueder, and G. Lutz
Subjects: Physics, Optics, Pixel, business.industry, Large dynamic range, Direct imaging, Electron, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Published: 2013
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35. High Spatial Resolution, Energy Resolved Imaging with the pnCCD Color X-ray Camera

Author: Sebastian Ihle, M. Schmidt, Lothar Strüder, A. Liebel, H. Ryll, Heike Soltau, A. Bjeoumikhov, and Oliver Scharf
Subjects: Physics, Optics, business.industry, X-ray, High spatial resolution, business, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Published: 2013
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36. The fast-tuned low phase noise source for C band

Author: A. Ryniewicz and H. Ryll
Subjects: Physics, Continuous-wave radar, law, Pulse-Doppler radar, C band, Acoustics, Phase noise, Heterodyne detection, Radar, Noise figure, Noise floor, law.invention
Abstract: This paper presents the design of the fast-tuned low phase noise signal source for C band with many applications in the radar device domain. The operation of this electronic system is described The results of measurements done for the constructed heterodyne are also included.
Published: 2002
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37. Extending the dynamic range of fully depleted pnCCDs

Author: J. Soltau, P. Holl, S. Send, Martin Huth, G. Lutz, Heike Soltau, J. Schmidt, H. Ryll, Martin Simson, Raimo Hartmann, D. Steigenhöfer, and Lothar Strüder
Subjects: Physics, Photon, Pixel, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, X-ray detector, Space charge, Noise (electronics), Optics, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, Electric potential, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Voltage
Abstract: pnCCDs are a special type of charge coupled devices (CCD) which were originally developed for applications in X-ray astronomy. At X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFEL) pnCCDs are used as imaging X-ray spectrometers due to their outstanding characteristics like high readout speed, high and homogeneous quantum efficiency, low readout noise, radiation hardness and high pixel charge handling capacity. They can be used both as single-photon counting detectors for X-ray spectroscopy and as integrating detectors for X-ray imaging with count rates up to 104 photons of 1 keV per pixel and frame. However, extremely high photon intensities can result in pixel saturation and charge spilling into neighboring pixels. Because of this charge blooming effect, spatial information is reduced. Based on our research concerning the internal potential distribution we can enhance the pixel full well capacity even more and improve the quality of the image. This paper describes the influence of the operation voltages and space charge distribution of the pnCCD on the electric potential profile by using 2D numerical device simulations. Experimental results with signal injection from an optical laser confirm the simulation models.
Published: 2014
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38. STEM strain analysis at sub-nanometre scale using millisecond frames from a direct electron read-out CCD camera

Author: Pavel Potapov, I. Ordavo, Sebastian Ihle, Lothar Strüder, H. Ryll, Knut Müller, Kerstin Volz, Josef Zweck, Heike Soltau, Marco Schowalter, and Andreas Rosenauer
Subjects: Physics, History, Millisecond, business.industry, Detector, Edge detection, Computer Science Applications, Education, Optics, Stack (abstract data type), Electron diffraction, Quantum efficiency, business, Image resolution, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract: We report on strain analysis by nano-beam electron diffraction with a spatial resolution of 0.5nm and a strain precision in the 4–710−4 range. Series of up to 160000 CBED patterns have been acquired in STEM mode with a semi-convergence angle of the incident probe of 2.6mrad, which enhances the spatial resolution by a factor of 5 compared to nearly parallel illumination. Firstly, we summarise 3 different algorithms to detect CBED disc positions accurately: selective edge detection and circle fitting, radial gradient maximisation and cross-correlation with masks. They yield equivalent strain profiles in growth direction for a stack of 5 InxGa1−xNyAs1−y/GaAs layers with tensile and compressive strain. Secondly, we use a direct electron read-out pnCCD detector with ultrafast readout hardware and a quantum efficiency close to 1 both to show that the same strain profiles are obtained at 200 times higher readout rates of 1kHz and to enhance strain precision to 3.510−4 by recording the weak 008 disc.
Published: 2013
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39. Simultaneous polarized neutron reflectometry and anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements

Author: André Vantomme, Kristiaan Temst, Dirk Wallacher, Dipak Paramanik, Anke Teichert, Roland Steitz, Enric Menéndez, C. Van Haesendonck, Klaus Kiefer, H Ryll, and J. Demeter
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Magnetoresistance, Orientation (computer vision), Bilayer, Neutron diffraction, Coercivity, 01 natural sciences, Exchange bias, Consistency (statistics), 0103 physical sciences, Neutron reflectometry, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation
Abstract: A novel experimental facility to carry out simultaneous polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) and anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) measurements is presented. Performing both techniques at the same time increases their strength considerably. The proof of concept of this method is demonstrated on a CoO/Co bilayer exchange bias system. Although information on the same phenomena, such as the coercivity or the reversal mechanism, can be separately obtained from either of these techniques, the simultaneous application optimizes the consistency between both. In this way, possible differences in experimental conditions, such as applied magnetic field amplitude and orientation, sample temperature, magnetic history, etc., can be ruled out. Consequently, only differences in the fundamental sensitivities of the techniques can cause discrepancies in the interpretation between the two. The almost instantaneous information obtained from AMR can be used to reveal time-dependent effects during the PNR acquisition. Moreover, the information inferred from the AMR measurements can be used for optimizing the experimental conditions for the PNR measurements in a more efficient way than with the PNR measurements alone.
Published: 2011
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40. 4D STEM: High efficiency phase contrast imaging using a fast pixelated detector.

Author: H Yang, L Jones, H Ryll, M Simson, H Soltau, Y Kondo, R Sagawa, H Banba, I MacLaren, and P D Nellist
Published: 2015
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41. Implementation and testing of the first prompt search for gravitational wave transients with electromagnetic counterparts

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Abadie, J., Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M., Accadia, T., Acernese, F., Adams, C., Adhikari, R., Affeldt, C., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allen, G. S., Ceron, E. Amador, Amariutei, D., Amin, R. S., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Arain, M. A., Araya, M. C., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Atkinson, D., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Aylott, B. E., Babak, S., Baker, P., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barriga, P., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Bastarrika, M., Basti, A., Batch, J., Bauchrowitz, J., Bauer, Th. S., Bebronne, M., Behnke, B., Beker, M. G., Bell, A. S., Belletoile, A., Belopolski, I., Benacquista, M., Berliner, J. M., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, N., Beyersdorf, P. T., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Biswas, R., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. A., Black, E., Blackburn, J. K., Blackburn, L., Blair, D., Bland, B., Blom, M., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Bogan, C., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonelli, L., Bonnand, R., Bork, R., Born, M., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bosi, L., Bouhou, B., Braccini, S., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Breyer, J., Briant, T., Bridges, D. O., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Britzger, M., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brummit, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burguet--Castell, J., Burmeister, O., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cain, J., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Campsie, P., Cannizzo, J., Cannon, K., Canuel, B., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, O., Chalermsongsak, T., Chalkley, E., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chelkowski, S., Chen, Y., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chung, C. T. Y., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, D. E., Clark, J., Clayton, J. H., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colacino, C. N., Colas, J., Colla, A., Colombini, M., Conte, A., Conte, R., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cordier, M., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M., Coulon, J. -P., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Coyne, D. C., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cruise, A. M., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Cutler, R. M., Dahl, K., Danilishin, S. L., Dannenberg, R., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Dattilo, V., Daudert, B., Daveloza, H., Davier, M., Davies, G., Daw, E. J., Day, R., Dayanga, T., De Rosa, R., DeBra, D., Debreczeni, G., Degallaix, J., Del Pozzo, W., del Prete, M., Dent, T., Dergachev, V., DeRosa, R., DeSalvo, R., Dhillon, V., Dhurandhar, S., Di Fiore, L., Di Lieto, A., Di Palma, I., Emilio, M. Di Paolo, Di Virgilio, A., Díaz, M., Dietz, A., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Dorsher, S., Drago, M., Drever, R. W. P., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Dumas, J. -C., Dwyer, S., Eberle, T., Edgar, M., Edwards, M., Effler, A., Ehrens, P., Endrőczi, G., Engel, R., Etzel, T., Evans, K., Evans, M., Evans, T., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Fan, Y., Farr, B. F., Farr, W., Fazi, D., Fehrmann, H., Feldbaum, D., Ferrante, I., Fidecaro, F., Finn, L. S., Fiori, I., Fisher, R. P., Flaminio, R., Flanigan, M., Foley, S., Forsi, E., Forte, L. A., Fotopoulos, N., Fournier, J. -D., Franc, J., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frede, M., Frei, M., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Fricke, T. T., Fridriksson, J. K., Friedrich, D., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P. J., Fyffe, M., Galimberti, M., Gammaitoni, L., Ganija, M. R., Garcia, J., Garofoli, J. A., Garufi, F., Gáspár, M. E., Gemme, G., Geng, R., Genin, E., Gennai, A., Gergely, L. Á., Ghosh, S., Giaime, J. A., Giampanis, S., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, C., Goetz, E., Goggin, L. M., González, G., Gorodetsky, M. L., Goßler, S., Gouaty, R., Graef, C., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Gray, N., Greenhalgh, R. J. S., Gretarsson, A. M., Greverie, C., Grosso, R., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Guidi, G. M., Guido, C., Gupta, R., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Ha, T., Hage, B., Hallam, J. M., Hammer, D., Hammond, G., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hanson, J., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Harstad, E. D., Hartman, M. T., Haughian, K., Hayama, K., Hayau, J. -F., Hayler, T., Heefner, J., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heitmann, H., Hello, P., Hendry, M. A., Heng, I. S., Heptonstall, A. W., Herrera, V., Hewitson, M., Hild, S., Hoak, D., Hodge, K. A., Holt, K., Homan, J., Hong, T., Hooper, S., Hosken, D. J., Hough, J., Howell, E. J., Hughey, B., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh-Dinh, T., Ingram, D. R., Inta, R., Isogai, T., Ivanov, A., Izumi, K., Jacobson, M., Jang, H., Jaranowski, P., Johnson, W. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, G., Jones, R., Ju, L., Kalmus, P., Kalogera, V., Kamaretsos, I., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, H., Kawabe, K., Kawamura, S., Kawazoe, F., Kells, W., Keppel, D. G., Keresztes, Z., Khalaidovski, A., Khalili, F. Y., Khazanov, E. A., Kim, B., Kim, C., Kim, D., Kim, H., Kim, K., Kim, N., Kim, Y. -M., King, P. J., Kinsey, M., Kinzel, D. L., Kissel, J. S., Klimenko, S., Kokeyama, K., Kondrashov, V., Kopparapu, R., Koranda, S., Korth, W. Z., Kowalska, I., Kozak, D., Kringel, V., Krishnamurthy, S., Krishnan, B., Królak, A., Kuehn, G., Kumar, R., Kwee, P., Laas-Bourez, M., Lam, P. K., Landry, M., Lang, M., Lantz, B., Lastzka, N., Lawrie, C., Lazzarini, A., Leaci, P., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. M., Leindecker, N., Leong, J. R., Leonor, I., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Li, J., Li, T. G. F., Liguori, N., Lindquist, P. E., Lockerbie, N. A., Lodhia, D., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Luan, J., Lubinski, M., Lück, H., Lundgren, A. P., Macdonald, E., Machenschalk, B., MacInnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Mageswaran, M., Mailand, K., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Man, N., Mandel, I., Mandic, V., Mantovani, M., Marandi, A., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markosyan, A., Maros, E., Marque, J., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Marx, J. N., Mason, K., Masserot, A., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Matzner, R. A., Mavalvala, N., Mazzolo, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McDaniel, P., McGuire, S. C., McIntyre, G., McKechan, D. J. A., Meadors, G. D., Mehmet, M., Meier, T., Melatos, A., Melissinos, A. C., Mendell, G., Menendez, D., Mercer, R. A., Merill, L., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Meyer, M. S., Miao, H., Michel, C., Milano, L., Miller, J., Minenkov, Y., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Miyakawa, O., Moe, B., Moesta, P., Mohan, M., Mohanty, S. D., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Morgado, N., Morgia, A., Mori, T., Mosca, S., Mossavi, K., Mours, B., Mow--Lowry, C. M., Mueller, C. L., Mueller, G., Mukherjee, S., Mullavey, A., Müller-Ebhardt, H., Munch, J., Murray, P. G., Mytidis, A., Nash, T., Naticchioni, L., Nawrodt, R., Necula, V., Nelson, J., Newton, G., Nishida, E., Nishizawa, A., Nocera, F., Nolting, D., Nuttall, L., Ochsner, E., O'Dell, J., Oelker, E., Ogin, G. H., Oh, J. J., Oh, S. H., Oldenburg, R. G., O'Reilly, B., O'Shaughnessy, R., Osthelder, C., Ott, C. D., Ottaway, D. J., Ottens, R. S., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Page, A., Pagliaroli, G., Palladino, L., Palomba, C., Pan, Y., Pankow, C., Paoletti, F., Papa, M. A., Parisi, M., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patel, P., Pathak, D., Pedraza, M., Peiris, P., Pekowsky, L., Penn, S., Peralta, C., Perreca, A., Persichetti, G., Phelps, M., Pickenpack, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pietka, M., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pitkin, M., Pletsch, H. J., Plissi, M. V., Poggiani, R., Pöld, J., Postiglione, F., Prato, M., Predoi, V., Price, L. R., Prijatelj, M., Principe, M., Privitera, S., Prix, R., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Puncken, O., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Quetschke, V., Raab, F. J., Rabeling, D. S., Rácz, I., Radkins, H., Raffai, P., Rakhmanov, M., Ramet, C. R., Rankins, B., Rapagnani, P., Rapoport, S., Raymond, V., Re, V., Redwine, K., Reed, C. M., Reed, T., Regimbau, T., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Ricci, F., Riesen, R., Riles, K., Robertson, N. A., Robinet, F., Robinson, C., Robinson, E. L., Rocchi, A., Roddy, S., Rodriguez, C., Rodruck, M., Rolland, L., Rollins, J., Romano, J. D., Romano, R., Romie, J. H., Rosińska, D., Röver, C., Rowan, S., Rüdiger, A., Ruggi, P., Ryan, K., Ryll, H., Sainathan, P., Sakosky, M., Salemi, F., Sammut, L., de la Jordana, L. Sancho, Sandberg, V., Sankar, S., Sannibale, V., Santamaría, L., Santiago-Prieto, I., Santostasi, G., Sassolas, B., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Sato, S., Satterthwaite, M., Saulson, P. R., Savage, R. L., Schilling, R., Schlamminger, S., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schulz, B., Schutz, B. F., Schwinberg, P., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Searle, A. C., Seifert, F., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Sergeev, A., Shaddock, D. A., Shaltev, M., Shapiro, B., Shawhan, P., Shoemaker, D. H., Sibley, A., Siemens, X., Sigg, D., Singer, A., Singer, L., Sintes, A. M., Skelton, G., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Slutsky, J., Smith, J. R., Smith, M. R., Smith, N. D., Smith, R. J. E., Somiya, K., Sorazu, B., Soto, J., Speirits, F. C., Sperandio, L., Stefszky, M., Stein, A. J., Steinert, E., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steplewski, S., Stochino, A., Stone, R., Strain, K. A., Strigin, S., Stroeer, A. S., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Summerscales, T. Z., Sung, M., Susmithan, S., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B., Tacca, M., Taffarello, L., Talukder, D., Tanner, D. B., Tarabrin, S. P., Taylor, J. R., Taylor, R., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Thorne, K. S., Thrane, E., Thüring, A., Titsler, C., Tokmakov, K. V., Toncelli, A., Tonelli, M., Torre, O., Torres, C., Torrie, C. I., Tournefier, E., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trias, M., Tseng, K., Turner, L., Ugolini, D., Urbanek, K., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Vallisneri, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, van der Putten, S., van Veggel, A. A., Vass, S., Vasuth, M., Vaulin, R., Vavoulidis, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Veltkamp, C., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Viceré, A., Villar, A. E., Vinet, J. -Y., Vitale, S., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A., Waldman, S. J., Wallace, L., Wan, Y., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Wanner, A., Ward, R. L., Was, M., Wei, P., Weinert, M., We, A. J., Weiss, R., Wen, L., Wen, S., Wessels, P., West, M., Westphal, T., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whitcomb, S. E., White, D., Whiting, B. F., Wilkinson, C., Willems, P. A., Williams, H. R., Williams, L., Willke, B., Winkelmann, L., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wiseman, A. G., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Wooley, R., Worden, J., Yablon, J., Yakushin, I., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yang, H., Yeaton-Massey, D., Yoshida, S., Yu, P., Yvert, M., Zadroźny, A., Zanolin, M., Zendri, J. -P., Zhang, F., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Zhang, Z., Zhao, C., Zotov, N., Zucker, M. E., Zweizig, J., Akerlof, C., Boer, M., Fender, R., Gehrels, N., Klotz, A., Ofek, E. O., Smith, M., Sokolowski, M., Stappers, B. W., Steele, I., Swinbank, J., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Zheng, W., LIGO, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), J., Abadie, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abbott, M., Abernathy, T., Accadia, F., Acernese, C., Adam, R., Adhikari, C., Affeldt, M., Agatho, P., Ajith, B., Allen, G. S., Allen, E., Amador Ceron, D., Amariutei, R. S., Amin, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Anderson, K., Arai, M. A., Arain, M. C., Araya, S. M., Aston, P., Astone, D., Atkinson, P., Aufmuth, C., Aulbert, B. 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C., Speirit, L., Sperandio, M., Stefszky, A. J., Stein, E., Steinert, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinlechner, S., Steplewski, A., Stochino, R., Stone, K. A., Strain, S. E., Strigin, A. S., Stroeer, R., Sturani, A. L., Stuver, T. Z., Summerscale, M., Sung, S., Susmithan, P. J., Sutton, B., Swinkel, M., Tacca, L., Taffarello, D., Talukder, D. B., Tanner, S. P., Tarabrin, J. R., Taylor, R., Taylor, P., Thoma, K. A., Thorne, K. S., Thorne, E., Thrane, A., Thüring, C., Titsler, K. V., Tokmakov, A., Toncelli, M., Tonelli, O., Torre, C., Torre, C. I., Torrie, E., Tournefier, F., Travasso, G., Traylor, M., Tria, K., Tseng, D., Ugolini, K., Urbanek, H., Vahlbruch, G., Vajente, M., Vallisneri, J. F. J., van den Brand, C., Van Den Broeck, S., van der Putten, A. A., van Veggel, S., Va, M., Vasuth, R., Vaulin, M., Vavoulidi, A., Vecchio, G., Vedovato, J., Veitch, P. J., Veitch, C., Veltkamp, D., Verkindt, F., Vetrano, A., Viceré, A. E., Villar, J. Y., Vinet, S., Vitale, H., Vocca, C., Vorvick, S. P., Vyatchanin, A., Wade, S. J., Waldman, L., Wallace, Y., Wan, X., Wang, Z., Wang, A., Wanner, R. L., Ward, M., Wa, P., Wei, M., Weinert, A. J., Weinstein, R., Wei, L., Wen, S., Wen, P., Wessel, M., West, T., Westphal, K., Wette, J. T., Whelan, S. E., Whitcomb, D. J., White, B. F., Whiting, C., Wilkinson, P. A., Willem, H. R., William, L., William, B., Willke, L., Winkelmann, W., Winkler, C. C., Wipf, A. G., Wiseman, H., Wittel, G., Woan, R., Wooley, J., Worden, J., Yablon, I., Yakushin, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, H., Yang, D., Yeaton Massey, S., Yoshida, P., Yu, M., Yvert, A., Zadrożny, M., Zanolin, J. P., Zendri, F., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Zhang, Z., Zhang, C., Zhao, N., Zotov, M. E., Zucker, J., Zweizig, C., Akerlof, M., Boer, R., Fender, N., Gehrel, A., Klotz, E. O., Ofek, M., Smith, M., Sokolowski, B. W., Stapper, I., Steele, J., Swinbank, R. A. M. J., Wijer, W., Zheng, Pinto, Innocenzo, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Lincoln Laboratory, LIGO (Observatory : Massachusetts Institute of Technology), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, (Astro)-Particles Physics, Mathematical Analysis, and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
Subjects: observational [gravitational waves / methods], observational [methods], 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, interferometers, Methods, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Observational, gravitational wave, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, EMISSIONS, QC, media_common, QB, GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, Physics, SWIFT, Detection of gravitational waves, DISKS, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, GRB, Gravitational waves, Methods: observational, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, CATALOG, AFTERGLOWS, gravitational waves, methods: observational, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, TELESCOPE, Milky Way, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astronomy, Galaxy, LIGO, Black hole, Neutron star, PROSPECTS, Sky, Globular cluster
Abstract: Aims. A transient astrophysical event observed in both gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) channels would yield rich scientific rewards. A first program initiating EM follow-ups to possible transient GW events has been developed and exercised by the LIGO and Virgo community in association with several partners. In this paper, we describe and evaluate the methods used to promptly identify and localize GW event candidates and to request images of targeted sky locations. Methods. During two observing periods (Dec. 17, 2009 to Jan. 8, 2010 and Sep. 2 to Oct. 20, 2010), a low-latency analysis pipeline was used to identify GW event candidates and to reconstruct maps of possible sky locations. A catalog of nearby galaxies and Milky Way globular clusters was used to select the most promising sky positions to be imaged, and this directional information was delivered to EM observatories with time lags of about thirty minutes. A Monte Carlo simulation has been used to evaluate the low-latency GW pipeline's ability to reconstruct source positions correctly. Results. For signals near the detection threshold, our low-latency algorithms often localized simulated GW burst signals to tens of square degrees, while neutron star/neutron star inspirals and neutron star/black hole inspirals were localized to a few hundred square degrees. Localization precision improves for moderately stronger signals. The correct sky location of signals well above threshold and originating from nearby galaxies may be observed with ∼50% or better probability with a few pointings of wide-field telescopes., United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NNX09AL61G)
Published: 2011
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42. X-ray magnetic linear dichroism as a probe for non-collinear magnetic state in ferrimagnetic single layer exchange bias systems.

Author: Luo C, Ryll H, Back CH, and Radu F
Abstract: Ferrimagnetic alloys are extensively studied for their unique magnetic properties leading to possible applications in perpendicular magnetic recording, due to their deterministic ultrafast switching and heat assisted magnetic recording capabilities. On a prototype ferrimagnetic alloy we demonstrate fascinating properties that occur close to a critical temperature where the magnetization is vanishing, just as in an antiferromagnet. From the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, an anomalous 'wing shape' hysteresis loop is observed slightly above the compensation temperature. This bears the characteristics of an intrinsic exchange bias effect, referred to as atomic exchange bias. We further exploit the X-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) contrast for probing non-collinear states which allows us to discriminate between two main reversal mechanisms, namely perpendicular domain wall formation versus spin-flop transition. Ultimately, we analyze the elemental magnetic moments for the surface and the bulk parts, separately, which allows to identify in the phase diagram the temperature window where this effect takes place. Moreover, we suggests that this effect is a general phenomenon in ferrimagnetic thin films which may also contribute to the understanding of the mechanism behind the all optical switching effect.
Published: 2019
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43. Ferromagnetic Resonance with Magnetic Phase Selectivity by Means of Resonant Elastic X-Ray Scattering on a Chiral Magnet.

Author: Pöllath S, Aqeel A, Bauer A, Luo C, Ryll H, Radu F, Pfleiderer C, Woltersdorf G, and Back CH
Abstract: Cubic chiral magnets, such as Cu_{2}OSeO_{3}, exhibit a variety of noncollinear spin textures, including a trigonal lattice of spin whirls, the so-called skyrmions. Using magnetic resonant elastic x-ray scattering (REXS) on a crystalline Bragg peak and its magnetic satellites while exciting the sample with magnetic fields at gigahertz frequencies, we probe the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) modes of these spin textures by means of the scattered intensity. Most notably, the three eigenmodes of the skyrmion lattice are detected with large sensitivity. As this novel technique, which we label REXS FMR, is carried out at distinct positions in reciprocal space, it allows us to distinguish contributions originating from different magnetic states, providing information on the precise character, weight, and mode mixing as a prerequisite of tailored excitations for applications.
Published: 2019
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44. Ferroelectric Control of Interface Spin Filtering in Multiferroic Tunnel Junctions.

Author: Tornos J, Gallego F, Valencia S, Liu YH, Rouco V, Lauter V, Abrudan R, Luo C, Ryll H, Wang Q, Hernandez-Martin D, Orfila G, Cabero M, Cuellar F, Arias D, Mompean FJ, Garcia-Hernandez M, Radu F, Charlton TR, Rivera-Calzada A, Sefrioui Z, Te Velthuis SGE, Leon C, and Santamaria J
Abstract: The electronic reconstruction occurring at oxide interfaces may be the source of interesting device concepts for future oxide electronics. Among oxide devices, multiferroic tunnel junctions are being actively investigated as they offer the possibility to modulate the junction current by independently controlling the switching of the magnetization of the electrodes and of the ferroelectric polarization of the barrier. In this Letter, we show that the spin reconstruction at the interfaces of a La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}MnO_{3}/BaTiO_{3}/La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}MnO_{3} multiferroic tunnel junction is the origin of a spin filtering functionality that can be turned on and off by reversing the ferroelectric polarization. The ferroelectrically controlled interface spin filter enables a giant electrical modulation of the tunneling magnetoresistance between values of 10% and 1000%, which could inspire device concepts in oxides-based low dissipation spintronics.
Published: 2019
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45. A Living-Dead Magnetic Layer at the Surface of Ferrimagnetic DyTiO 3 Thin Films.

Author: Aeschlimann R, Preziosi D, Scheiderer P, Sing M, Valencia S, Santamaria J, Luo C, Ryll H, Radu F, Claessen R, Piamonteze C, and Bibes M
Published: 2018
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46. Evolution of cooperativity in the spin transition of an iron(II) complex on a graphite surface.

Author: Kipgen L, Bernien M, Ossinger S, Nickel F, Britton AJ, Arruda LM, Naggert H, Luo C, Lotze C, Ryll H, Radu F, Schierle E, Weschke E, Tuczek F, and Kuch W
Abstract: Cooperative effects determine the spin-state bistability of spin-crossover molecules (SCMs). Herein, the ultimate scale limit at which cooperative spin switching becomes effective is investigated in a complex [Fe(H 2 B(pz) 2 ) 2 (bipy)] deposited on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface, using x-ray absorption spectroscopy. This system exhibits a complete thermal- and light-induced spin transition at thicknesses ranging from submonolayers to multilayers. On increasing the coverage from 0.35(4) to 10(1) monolayers, the width of the temperature-induced spin transition curve narrows significantly, evidencing the buildup of cooperative effects. While the molecules at the submonolayers exhibit an apparent anticooperative behavior, the multilayers starting from a double-layer exhibit a distinctly cooperative spin switching, with a free-molecule-like behavior indicated at around a monolayer. These observations will serve as useful guidelines in designing SCM-based devices.
Published: 2018
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47. Electron ptychographic phase imaging of light elements in crystalline materials using Wigner distribution deconvolution.

Author: Yang H, MacLaren I, Jones L, Martinez GT, Simson M, Huth M, Ryll H, Soltau H, Sagawa R, Kondo Y, Ophus C, Ercius P, Jin L, Kovács A, and Nellist PD
Abstract: Recent development in fast pixelated detector technology has allowed a two dimensional diffraction pattern to be recorded at every probe position of a two dimensional raster scan in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), forming an information-rich four dimensional (4D) dataset. Electron ptychography has been shown to enable efficient coherent phase imaging of weakly scattering objects from a 4D dataset recorded using a focused electron probe, which is optimised for simultaneous incoherent Z-contrast imaging and spectroscopy in STEM. Therefore coherent phase contrast and incoherent Z-contrast imaging modes can be efficiently combined to provide a good sensitivity of both light and heavy elements at atomic resolution. In this work, we explore the application of electron ptychography for atomic resolution imaging of strongly scattering crystalline specimens, and present experiments on imaging crystalline specimens including samples containing defects, under dynamical channelling conditions using an aberration corrected microscope. A ptychographic reconstruction method called Wigner distribution deconvolution (WDD) was implemented. Experimental results and simulation results suggest that ptychography provides a readily interpretable phase image and great sensitivity for imaging light elements at atomic resolution in relatively thin crystalline materials., (Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2017
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48. Rapid low dose electron tomography using a direct electron detection camera.

Author: Migunov V, Ryll H, Zhuge X, Simson M, Strüder L, Batenburg KJ, Houben L, and Dunin-Borkowski RE
Abstract: We demonstrate the ability to record a tomographic tilt series containing 3487 images in only 3.5 s by using a direct electron detector in a transmission electron microscope. The electron dose is lower by at least one order of magnitude when compared with that used to record a conventional tilt series of fewer than 100 images in 15-60 minutes and the overall signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 4. Our results, which are illustrated for an inorganic nanotube, are important for ultra-low-dose electron tomography of electron-beam-sensitive specimens and real-time dynamic electron tomography of nanoscale objects with sub-ms temporal resolution.
Published: 2015
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49. ALICE—An advanced reflectometer for static and dynamic experiments in magnetism at synchrotron radiation facilities.

Author: Abrudan R, Brüssing F, Salikhov R, Meermann J, Radu I, Ryll H, Radu F, and Zabel H
Abstract: We report on significant developments of a high vacuum reflectometer (diffractometer) and spectrometer for soft x-ray synchrotron experiments which allows conducting a wide range of static and dynamic experiments. Although the chamber named ALICE was designed for the analysis of magnetic hetero- and nanostructures via resonant magnetic x-ray scattering, the instrument is not limited to this technique. The versatility of the instrument was testified by a series of pilot experiments. Static measurements involve the possibility to use scattering and spectroscopy synchrotron based techniques (photon-in photon-out, photon-in electron-out, and coherent scattering). Dynamic experiments require either laser or magnetic field pulses to excite the spin system followed by x-ray probe in the time domain from nano- to femtosecond delay times. In this temporal range, the demagnetization/remagnetization dynamics and magnetization precession in a number of magnetic materials (metals, alloys, and magnetic multilayers) can be probed in an element specific manner. We demonstrate here the capabilities of the system to host a variety of experiments, featuring ALICE as one of the most versatile and demanded instruments at the Helmholtz Center in Berlin-BESSY II synchrotron center in Berlin, Germany.
Published: 2015
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50. Spin ladders and quantum simulators for Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids.

Author: Ward S, Bouillot P, Ryll H, Kiefer K, Krämer KW, Rüegg Ch, Kollath C, and Giamarchi T
Subjects: Computer Simulation, Spin Labels, Models, Chemical, Models, Molecular, Quantum Theory, Solutions chemistry
Abstract: Magnetic insulators have proven to be usable as quantum simulators for itinerant interacting quantum systems. In particular the compound (C(5)H(12)N)(2)CuBr(4) (for short: (Hpip)(2)CuBr(4)) was shown to be a remarkable realization of a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) and allowed us to quantitatively test the TLL theory. Substitution weakly disorders this class of compounds and thus allows us to use them to tackle questions pertaining to the effect of disorder in TLL as well, such as that of the formation of the Bose glass. In this paper we present, as a first step in this direction, a study of the properties of the related (Hpip)(2)CuCl(4) compound. We determine the exchange couplings and compute the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the specific heat, using a finite temperature density matrix renormalization group procedure. Comparison with the measured specific heat at zero magnetic field confirms the exchange parameters and Hamiltonian for the (Hpip)(2)CuCl(4) compound, giving the basis needed to begin studying the disorder effects.
Published: 2013
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